Ⅰ 初一上下冊英語語法知識點總結
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (問路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪裡？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告訴我去……的路嗎？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎樣到達……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪條是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（You』d better+動詞原形）
三．片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……（內）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法，and通常用於連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時；點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修
飾，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如：
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？
How are you? 你好嗎？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師？
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結構。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短語：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
二．重點句式及注意事項：
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what；有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
三． 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 21 |
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1) 七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1) 分類：英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from? 一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於---- 2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目 7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約 8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎 9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動 二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
三． 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 21 |
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1) 七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1) 分類：英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from? 一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於---- 2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目 7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約 8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎 9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動 二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路 go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林 18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。 hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。 四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一．重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day ring the day 二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too
Ⅱ 新目標英語七年級下冊的知識點
你好！
七年級英語（下）
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於---- 2． live in
居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 6.in China 在中國 7．pen pal 筆友
8. 14 years old 14歲 9.favorite subject
最喜歡的科目 10．the United States 美國
the United Kingdom 英國New York 紐11．speak English 講英語like and dislike 愛憎
9．go to the movies 去看電影play sports 做運動
二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does
he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little
French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the
movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English /
French 2 France------
French------French
3
Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (問路)
1． Where is (the nearest)
……？ （最近的）……在哪裡？
2． Can you tell me the way to
……？ 你能告訴我去……的路嗎？
3． How can I get to
……？ 我怎樣到達……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎？
5． Which is the way to
……？ 哪條是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this
street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second
turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your
right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a
bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（You』d better+動詞原形）
三．片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the
supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of
the classroom. 課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……（內）的前部 There is a desk in
the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind……
在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of……在某物的左/右邊 on the
left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my
left在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along……沿著……（街道 down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk
散步 12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of……
在……的開始,前端 in the beginning
起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。
I had fun yesterday. I had a
good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself
yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi
坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方I arrive at the
bank. reach
+地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the
street橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go
through the forest穿過樹林
18．on +
街道的名稱。 Eg: on
Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事 I
enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope
+從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope
的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。
四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1、new—old 2、 quiet--- busy 3 、dirty---
clean 4 、big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重點片語
eat grass eat
leaves be quiet very shy very smart very
cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other
animals
at nightin the day every day
ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of
interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South
Africa.
4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because
they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very
shy. 7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let』s see the pandas
first. 11．They』re kind of
interesting.
12．What other animals do you like? 13．Why do you want
to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微 Koala bears
are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers
in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary
animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法，and通常用於連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet
dog. Don』t play with
water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at
night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives，scarf---scarfs(scarves)等。
7、hour n. 小時；點鍾 hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自… be from =
come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much
meat He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草， 為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how
many」等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如：
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number?你爺爺的電話號碼是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes?那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節？
When is he going to play the piano?他什麼時候彈鋼琴？
Where does he live?他住在哪兒？
How are you?你好嗎？ How old are you?你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有幾個兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on ty today? 今天誰值日？
Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老師？
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結構。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you?我喜歡英語。你呢？
What about playing basketball?打籃球怎麼樣？
字數不允許，無法發完語法
Ⅲ 初一下冊新目標英語語法
= =我剛回答了個。
enjoy doing sth 享受或喜歡做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
It`s+adj +to do sth . 做......是.....的
try doing 試著做某事
ask sb.to do 叫某人做某事
forget doing 忘記已經做過的事
forget to do 忘記要做某事
remember to do 記得要做某事(還沒做過)
remember doing 記得做過的事
let sb do 讓某人做某事
make sb do 使某人做某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事(習慣上的)
start to do sth 開始做某事
start doing sth 開始做某事
finish doing sth 完成....
(一般現在時態）be doing 正在做...
would like to do (表示意願)
spend......(in) doing sth 花費....做...
look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
want to do sth 想要做某事
decide to do sth 決定...
It takes sb sometime to do sth 花費某人多少時間做...
be going to do sth/will do（一般將來時態）將要做某事
Thank for doing sth 感謝做某事
practice doing sth/sth 練習做某事/某事
make sb do sth
let sb do sth
ask sb sth
ask sb for help
stop doing sth
stop to do sth
be interest in sth
be surprised at sth
be surprised that+從句
Ⅳ 初一下期中考試英語復習知識點，新目標的
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類：英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (問路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪裡？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告訴我去……的路嗎？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎樣到達……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪條是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（You』d better+動詞原形）
三．片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……（內）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。
四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let』s see the pandas first.
11．They』re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法，and通常用於連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時；點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修
飾，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如：
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？
How are you? 你好嗎？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師？
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結構。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短語：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二．重點句式及注意事項：
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what；有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
Ⅳ 初一下冊英語新目標所有語法！！！！！急！！！！！！
一、詞法
1、名詞
A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：
一）單數在後面加』s。如：brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二）復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三）由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個』s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）
2、代詞
3、動詞
A） 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下：
一）一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：
一）一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：
一） 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母＋1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以輔音字母＋y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序，有規則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它後接th；y結尾，變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
Ⅵ 新目標英語初一下學期7~12單元復習提綱
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一．短語
1.go on vacationgo to summer camp stay at home
study for examsCentral Parkshow sth to sb
.help him find his fatherwalk back to…go shopping
the Palace Museumthink ofhave fun doing sth
.bus tripthe Great WallTian』an Men Square
.a Beijing Hutongmake sb do sth
.decide to do sthall day
二．重點句子和注意事項
1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.
Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.
Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.
Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.
2． Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?
Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didn』t.
3． How were the movies? They were fantastic
4． have fun doing something干某事有樂趣 ＝enjoy oneself doing something
We have fun learning and speaking English .
We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English . 我們學英語有很多樂趣．
5． find sb. doing sth. 發現某人在干某事find sb. do sth. 發現某人干過某事
I find him reading the novel (小說）. I found him go into the room .
6． corner角落，角，拐角處
in the corner 在角落裡（指在建築物裡面）
at the corner 在拐角處（指在建築物外面或道路的拐角）
My bike is at the corner .
7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.) The girl was lost in the big city .
8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb for sth 幫助某人干某事
He always helps us learn English
9. make sb. do sth. 讓／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不帶to
The movie makes me relaxing . Let the boy do his homework alone .
10. feel+ adj. 感到．．． I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited
11. decide to do sth. 決定干某事 They decided to go to Hainan on vacation .
Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?
一． 片語
1．. TV shows（電視節目）
soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentarya thriller cartoonBeijing Opera
Animal WorldTell it like it isLaw Todaygame show CCTV NewsNews in 30 MinutesMan and Nature nese CookingAround Chinatalk show Lucky52 rts newssports show Culture China
2． write an article for the school magazine.給學校雜志寫一篇文章
3． a thirteen - year - old boy.一個十三歲的男孩 4． wear colorful clothes.穿著顏色鮮艷的衣服
5． interview sb. 采訪某人 in fact. 實際上6. wear scarves. 戴著圍巾 7 .think of 想起，考慮到
二．重點句型
1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.
4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.
5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.
三．重難點解析
1. wear (v. 動詞) "穿，戴，佩"。根據不同賓語，翻譯不同的漢語意思。
wear earrings 戴耳環 wear a dress 穿連衣裙 wear a watch 戴手錶
wear a beard 蓄鬍子 wear long hair 留長發
2. think "想，考慮，思索"（v. 動詞）可以和許多介詞搭配，組成新的意思。
A：think of "考慮"；"有...的看法"， 有時等於think about.
What does he think of Beijing Opera?他對京劇有什麼看法？
My mother always thinks of everything!我媽媽總是想到所有的東西。
think highly of sb. /sth. 對某人或某物評價甚高
Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布萊克先生對他兒子評價甚高。
B：think about "考慮"（指計劃，觀念，看它是否相宜、可行）
He is thinking about going to China.他正在考慮去中國。
3. too與either的區別
too"也"，表示肯定意義，與肯定的表達方法連用；而either"也不"，表示否定意義，與否定的表達方法連用。
（1）—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜歡踢足球。—I do, too.我也是（喜歡）。
（2）—My brother doesn't like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜歡踢足球。—I don't, either.
我也不喜歡。
also也可以表示"也"，但一般情況下，too和either放在句子之後，also放在動詞之前。
We also love talk shows.我們也喜歡訪談節目。
4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一個十三歲的男孩
此結構中，year用單數形式，且用連字元，這種結構用作定語。
a five - month - old baby 一個五個月大的嬰兒
5. enjoy (v. 喜愛，享受)
enjoy後面接名詞、代詞或動名詞，注意與like/ love用法的區別。like/ love還可以接動詞不定式（to do）。
I enjoy the soap operas.我喜愛肥皂劇。
I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜愛看肥皂劇。
但我們不能說：I enjoy to watch the soap operas.
只能說：I like / love to watch the soap operas.
6. mind 表示"介意，反對"的意思時，通常用在疑問句、否定句中。
Would you mind opening the window?請你打開窗子好不好？
He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.他一點都不在乎寒冷的天氣。
多用於以下句型：（表示請求或徵求意見）後接動名詞/名詞/代詞。
Would you mind (doing) ...? Do you mind (doing) ...?
7. stand 表示忍受（多用於否定句、疑問句）
He can't stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎熱的天氣。Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼嗎？
9. What do you think of ...? 你認為...怎麼樣？（談論對某事物的喜好程度）可選擇的回答有：
（1）I like it. （2）I don't mind it.（3）I don't like it. （4）I can't stand it.
（5）I like it very much.（6）I love it. （7）It's beautiful. （8）They're fantastic
Unit 12 Don't eat in class.
一．短語．
1. in class 在課上2. on school nights 在上學的晚上 3. school rules 校規
4. no talking 禁止交談5. listen to music 聽音樂6. have to 不得不
7. take my dog for a walk 帶狗去散步8. eat outside 在外面吃飯 9. in the hallway 在走廊上10. wear a uniform 穿制服11. arrive late for class 上學遲到12. after school 放學後17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 練習彈吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友見面16. by ten o'clock.十點之前18. the Children's Palace 少年宮19. help my mom make dinner 幫助我媽做飯
二．重點句型
1.Don』t arrive late for school＝Don』t be late for school
2.Don』t fight ＝
3.Don』t listen to music in the classroom. 4.Don』t run in the hallways
5.Don』t smoke .It』s bad for your health. 6.Don』t play cards in school
7.Don』t talk in class 8.Don』t watch TV on school nights.
9.Don』t sleep in class. 10.Don』t play sports in the classrooms.
11.Don』t sing songs at night. 12.Don』t talk when you eat.
13.Don』t wear hats in class. 14.Do homework by 10:00.
15.Clean your house! 16.Make the bed.
17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can』t.
Eg:Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can』t. We can』t arrive late for class.
18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don』t.
三． 重難點解析：
1. 情態動詞have to 的用法，意思是"必須、不得不"，它側重於客觀上的必要和外界的權威。（1）結構：主語＋have to＋動詞原形＋其他
（一般現在時，主語是第三人稱單數時，用has to；句子是過去時，用had to.）如：We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在體育課上，我們必須穿運動鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 湯姆每天必須練習彈吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5點起床。
（2）否定形式：主語＋don't have to＋動詞原形＋其他
（一般現在時，主語是第三人稱單數時，用doesn't have to. 句子是過去時，用didn't have to）
如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我們不必馬上完成作業。
（3）疑問句：Do （Does或Did）＋主語＋have to ＋動詞原形＋其他
如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必須呆在家裡嗎？Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的，我必須。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11點前上床睡覺嗎？
2. 情態動詞can的用法
（1）表示能力，"會""能"（在第一冊中已經學習這種用法）
Can you play the guitar? 你會彈吉它嗎？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂會說一點中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
（2）表示允許、許可，"可以"、"能"（在這一課中新學的詞義）
Can the students run in the hallways? 學生們可以在走廊上跑嗎？We can eat outside. 我們可以在外面吃東西。Can I come in? 我能進來嗎？
注意 同樣是情態動詞，can 和have to 的用法是有區別的，和大部分情態動詞一樣，can在否定句中，直接在can後加上not，在疑問句中，把can放到主語前面，並且沒有人稱和數的變化。
3. hear，listen和sound都有"聽"的意思，但三者是有區別的。
（1）hear"聽說"，側重於"聽"的內容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 聽說你生病了，我很難過。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我從來沒聽過這么有趣的一個故事。
（2）listen"聽"側重於"聽"這一動作。Listen to me carefully. 認真聽我說。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子們喜歡聽音樂。
（3）sound"聽起來"，它是系動詞，後面接形容詞等。That sounds great. 那聽起來真不錯。
It sounds like fun. 聽起來挺有趣。
4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之間不能用冠詞，bed也不用復數。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大衛每晚必須很早睡覺。
5. arrive late for 與be late for 意思相近，"遲到"Don't arrive （be）late for school. 上學別遲到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天開會遲到了。
6. No talking ! "禁止交談！"no後面加上名詞或動名詞（doing）也表示不要做某事。與don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放濕雨傘！
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸煙！
7．語法（祈使句）
祈使句是用來表示請求、命令、叮囑、號召或者勸告等的句子，這類句子的主語常是第二人稱you，也就是聽話者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的開頭是動詞原形。
如：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在這等我！
Be sure to come here on time! 務必准時來到這里！
祈使句的否定形式多以do not（常縮寫成don't）開頭，再加上動詞原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上學別遲到。
Don't fight! 別打架！
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。
Ⅶ 新目標七年級英語單元知識點、短語及句型總結
非謂語動詞是中學語法中的重要內容，也是高考重要考點之一。考點主要分布在以下幾方面：1、不定式和動名詞作主語和賓語；2、分詞和不定式作賓補，狀語和定語；3、非謂語動詞的各種形式；4、動名詞的復合結構；5、「疑問詞+不定式」結構；6、不定式的省略；7、現在分詞與過去分詞的區別。考點分析如下：
考點一：不定式和分詞作狀語（其邏輯主 語必須和句子的主語一致）
1.分詞作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、條件、結果、方式，伴隨狀況等。
Hearing the news , they got excited .(時間)
Having been bitten by a snake , she was frightened of it . (原因)
Given a chance , I can surprise the world .(條件)
Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistakes (讓步)
The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces .(結果)
The teacher came into the lab , followed by some students .(伴隨狀況)
注意：獨立成分作狀語，有些分詞短語，其形式不受上下文的影響，稱其獨立成分，常見的有：
generally speaking …一般來說
frankly speaking … 坦白地說
strictly speaking … 嚴格地講
judging from/ by … 根據…來
considering , … 考慮到 …
to be honest 老實說
taken as a whole , … 總的來說
to tell the truth .說真的
to be honest 老實說
to make things worse 使事情更糟的是
given … 考慮到
2.不定式作狀語。表示「目的，結果，原因」。
①下列作表語用的形容詞，後可接不定式作狀語。
happy, lucky, fortunate, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, proud, disappointed, sure, able, sorry, free, willing, eager, ready, anxious, likely, patient, easy, difficult, fit, comfortable 等。
其句型結構如下：
②跟在動詞之後作狀語
The doctor did all he could to save the boy.
③常見的結構中的不定式作狀語
in order to do（為了...） so as to do（以便...）
so adj/adv as to do（如此…以致於...）
too adj/adv to do（太...而不能...）
adj/adv enough to do（足夠...以致於...）
only to do （結果…）
考點二：不定式和動名詞作賓語
1.下列動詞後，只能跟不定式作賓語，常見的動詞有：agree, seek（尋找） , fail , decide, refuse , offer , afford , learn , dare , demand , hope , desire , manage , prepare , pretend, promise , ask , want , expect , intend（打算，想要），wish , choose , determine , would like , set out (著手，開始) attempt（嘗試，試圖，企圖） , make up one's mind , try one's best 等.
2.有些動詞不能直接跟不定式作賓語，需用it 代替不定式。常見的動詞有：find , make , feel , think , consider , suppose 等。
其句型結構如下：
主+ V( make , find … ) it + adi /n + 不定式
This has made it necessary for agriculture and instry to develop quickly .
3.下列動詞及短語等後面只接動名詞作賓語
①admit , advise , avoid , appreciate , enjoy , escape , excuse , delay , miss , risk , fancy , resist , include , finish , imagine , keep (on ) , mind , practise , suggest , allow , permit , stand （忍受） ，consider（考慮），forbid 等詞。
②be / get used to , give up , feel like , insist on , put off, stick to , be busy , look forward to , object to 等片語。
③ sb have difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing.
sb have great fun doing
sb have a hard ( good ) time ( in ) doing
sb spend / waste time /money( in ) doing
sb be busy doing 或sb keep sb busy doing
sb/ sth stop / prevent / keep sb from doing
What / How about doing …？
sth be worth doing ;
sb prefer doing to doing .等句型
4.下列動詞後可接不定式和動名詞作賓語，但意義不一樣。
forget to do 忘記去做
doing 忘記已經做過
remember to do 記住去做
doing 記得曾經做過
regret to do 後悔（遺憾）去做
doing 後悔做過某事
stop to do 停下來接著做另一件事
doing 停止做一件事
try to do 努力（試圖）做某事
doing 嘗試著做
go on to do （做完某事）接著做另一件事
doing 連續做同一件事
can't help to do 不能幫助做
doing 情不自禁地做
mean to do 意欲（想，企圖）做
doing 意味著（意思是）做
5.allow , advise , forbid , permit 之後用動名詞作賓語，但要用不定式作賓補。
The manager doesn't allow smoking in this office.
The manger doesn't allow anybody to smoke in his office.
6.下列動詞接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。
①like ( love , prefer ) +doing 常表示經常性的行為
like ( love , prefer) + to do 常表示暫時的行為
I like talking very much but I don't like to talk with this stranger.
②如果like , love , prefer 前有would / should , 後面則應接動詞不定式。
We'd like to go swimming this weekend if it is fine.
③need , require , want 當「需要」解時，其後可接動名詞doing，也可接不定式to be done作賓語。
考點三：作賓補（其邏輯主語就是句子的賓語）
1．不定式作賓補
①可帶to 的不定式作賓補的動詞有：
ask, tell, want, expect, wish, order, advise, invite, beg, force, oblige, allow, , forbid, get , warn, encourage, prefer, persuade, cause 等。
②不帶to 的不定式作賓補的動詞有：
have, make, let, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel,listen to, look at 等。
但在被動語態中，不定式必須帶上to。
We often hear him sing this song.
He is often heard to sing this song.
③可以用to be 作賓補的動詞有：
think, consider, believe, imagine, feel, declare , find, suppose 等。
We all believe him to be fit for this position.
Ⅷ 新目標七年級英語下冊總復習【語法、知識點】
七年級下片語和重點句型練習
Unit 1 & Unit 2 重點片語
筆友 ______ ______ 來自______ _______ / ______ ______
在美國________ __________ ___________ ____________
她最喜愛的學科__________ ____________ ____________
說英語 ________ ________ 太難 ________ ________
給某人寫信 ______ ______ somebody 尋求筆友 ______ ______ ______
我最喜愛的運動 ______ ______ ______ 在十一月________ _________
在周末_________ ____________
喜歡的和不喜歡的事物________ _________ _________
在附近_________ _________ 在中心大街上_________ Center Street
在……的對面_______ ______ 挨著 _______ _______
在…前面 ______ ______ ______ 在…和…之間 ______ … ______
在圖書館後面_________ ________ _________ 在附近活動區內
郵局 ________ ________ 投幣式公用電話 ________ _________
直向前走________ _________ 向左拐 ________ ________
步行穿過公園 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
一個享樂的好地方______ ______ _______ ________ _______ _______
一家舊旅店 ______ ______ ______ 一條繁忙的街道 ______ ______ ______
來我家的路______ ________ ________ ________ _________
在你的右邊__________ __________ ___________
Unit 1 重點句子
1. Where ________ your ________ ＿＿＿＿＿＿(筆友) from?
He ________ ________ ________ (來自澳大利亞)
Where ________ he ________ (live)? He ________(live) in Sydney.
What ________ (語言) ________ he ________ (說)？ He ________ ________ (說英語).
2. ______ she ______ ______ ______ _____ _______ ?(她有兄弟姐妹嗎？)
3. I think _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____. (中國是個非常令人感興趣的國家)
4. I ______ ______ _____ (會說英語) and ______ _____ ______ (一點法語).
5. I like _____(go) to the movies _____(和) my friends and _____ _____ (做運動).
6. The Long Weekend is ________ ________ ________(一部動作片).
7. Please write and ______ ______ ______ ______.(告訴我關於你的情況)
Unit 2 重點句子
1. Is there ________ _________ (銀行) near here?
Yes, ______ ______. It』s ______ ______ _______ (在中心大街上).
2. Where』s ___ ____ (圖書館)？ It』s ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ (在飯店和超市之間).
3. Is there a hotel ________ ________ ________(在附近).
4. Just ________ ________(直向前走) and _____ _________(向左拐). It』s _______(沿著) Bridge Street ______ ______ ______(在右邊). It』s _______ ________(挨著) a supermarket.
5. ----________ ________ ________ _______(非常感謝) OR _______ ________ ________.
----________ ________（不客氣）OR __________ __________ __________.
6. ________ ________ ________ ________ （挨著旅店） is a small house ________ ________ ________ ________ (帶有一個有趣的花園的)
7. This is the ________(begin) of the ________ ________ (花園觀光).
8. Bridge Street is _____ ______ ______ ______ _______ _______(令人玩得開心的好去處).
9. Write ________ ________ ________ (一則旅遊指南) for your neighborhood.
10. Turn left on First Avenue and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and ________ ________ (分享城市寧靜的街道和小公園)
11. ______ ______ ________（如果你餓了）, you can buy some food in the ________(超市).
12. I know you ________ ________(arrive) next Sunday.
13. ______ _____ ______ ______ ____ ____ ______ ____ ______ (讓我告訴你來我家的路).
14. You __________(經過) a bank ___________ ___________ ____________(在你右邊) and then __________ __________(沿著走) Long Street.
15. I hope you ________ ________ ________ ________ (旅途愉快)
Units 3 – 4 重點詞句
有幾分，挺……的___________ 吃草________ _________
和她的朋友玩________ ________ _________ _________
安靜些 be _________ 在白天________ _________ __________
在晚上________ _________ 吃樹葉________ __________
其他的動物________ ________ 銀行職員 _______ ________
店員 ________ ________ 努力工作 ________ _______
其他年輕人 ______ ______ ______ 校園劇 _____ ______
為雜志社工作_______ _______ _______ _______
一份忙碌的工作__________ ____________ ___________
一名報社記者 ________ ________ ________
Unit 3 重點句子
1. _______ do you like pandas? Because they』re ______ _______(很聰明)
2. Why ______ he ______(like) koalas? ______ they』re ______ ______ ______ (幾分有趣).
3. Where ______ lions ______(來自於…)? They ______ ______ ______ ______ (來自南非).
4. What ________ ________ (其他的動物)do you like?
I like ________(狗) ________? (為什麼)
Because they』re ________ ________ ________.(友好而且聰明)
5. Molly likes to ________ ________ _____ ______ (和朋友玩)and _______ _______(吃草).
6. She』s ________ ________(很害羞).
7. He ______ ______ ______(來澳大利亞 ). He ______ ______ ______ ______ (白天睡覺)， but ______ ______ (在晚上) he ______ ______ ______ ________ ________ (起來吃葉子).
8. He usually _______(睡覺) and _____ _____ _______ ______ ____ (每天休息20個小時)
Unit 4 重點句子
1. ________ ________ ________ ________? (她是做什麼的？)
同義句： ______ ______ _______ ______? = ______ ______ ______?
2. My uncle ________ _______ ________ __________(在那家飯店工作).
3. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________? (你想從事什麼工作)
I want ________ ________ ________ ________(當演員)
4. I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(和人、錢打交道). People ________ ________ ________ ________(把他們的錢給我) or get their money from me.
5. I wear ________ ________ ________(白色制服) and I help doctors. Sometimes I ________ ________ ________ ________(白天工作) and sometimes ________ ________ (在晚上).
6. My work is interesting but _____ ____ ____(有點危險). ____ ____ ____ ____(賊不喜歡我).
7. I like ________ ________ ________(和人們談話)。 I meet interesting people every day and ________ ___________ ________(問他們問題).
8. I ________ ________ (工作到很晚). I ________ _________ ________(很忙) when people ________ ________ ________ ________ (出去吃飯).
9. Where does your sister ________(work)? She _______ _____ _______ ______(在醫院工作).
10. We have a job for you ________ ________ ________(當服務員)
11. We are ____ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____ _____(為5~12歲孩子開辦的一所國際學校).
12. We want a P.E. teacher _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______(教足球、排球、網球).
13. We also want ________ ________ ________(一名音樂教師) ________ ________ ________ ________ and ________(來教吉它、鋼琴、小提琴).
Units 5-6 重點片語
做作業________ ________ 看電視________ __________
吃飯________ _______ 在電話上說話_______ ________ ________ ________
去看電影______ ______ ______ ______ 寫信______ _______ _______
等候______ _______ 和某人說話_______ _______/______ somebody
看書________ ________ 為．．．．．．感謝_______ _________ …
在第一幅照片里_______ ________ ________ ________
打籃球________ ________ 在游泳池________ ________ _________
在最後一幅照片里_______ ________ ________ ________
和某人在一起__________ __________ somebody
一幅我家的照片a _________ _________ _________ _________
踢足球_______ _______ 玩電子游戲_______ _______ ________
打籃球_______ _______ 為．．．．．．感謝某人______ somebody ______ …
度假________ ________ 拍照_______ _________
在沙灘上________ _______ ________ 看________ _________
這群_________ _________ of 驚奇________ __________
在這么熱的天里_________ __________ ___________
一個有趣的地方__________ __________ __________
在法國_______ _______ 玩得高興_______ ______ ______ _______
Unit 5 重點句子
1. ----What _______ you ________(do)? ----I』m ________(watch) TV.
2. ----What』s he _______(do)? ----He _______ ________ _________(做作業).
3. ----What』s she _________(do)? ----She ________ _________(看書).
4. ----Do you want ________ __________ _________ _________ _________（去看電影）?
----_________（當然）, this TV show is _________（沒意思）.
----_________（什麼時間）do you want to go?
----_________ __________（讓我們去）at six o』clock.
5. Who』s he _________ _________(等待)? 6. What』s he __________(讀)?
7. Who are they _______ _________(談話)? 8. What are they _______ _________(談論)?
9. _________ _________(感謝) your letter and the photos.
10. Here are _________ _________ __________ __________(我的一些照片).
11. In the _________(第一) photo, I』m __________ __________(打籃球) at school.
12. In the second photo, I』m __________(游泳) at the pool.
13. In the next photo, you can see my family at home. We ________ _______ _______(吃晚飯).
14. In the _________(最後的) photo, I』m _________(在一起) my sister-Gina. She』s _________ _________(做作業)-I』m ________ _________(看電視).
15. ----Are you __________(游泳)? ----No, ________ _________.
Unit 6 重點句子
1. ----______ _____ ____(天氣怎麼樣) today? / _____ _____ _____ ____(天氣怎麼樣) today?
----It』s ________ _________ _________(熱而且潮濕).
2. ----_________ _________ _________(近來情況怎麼樣)?
----_____(好極了)! / Pretty good. / Not bad. / Very bad. / _____(糟糕透了)!
3. _________ _________ ________ ________(謝謝參加) CCTV』s Around the World show.
4. It』s a _________, __________(美麗的，晴朗的) day!
5. There are __________ __________(許多人) here __________ ___________(度假).
6. _________(有些人) are _________ _________(拍照), __________ _________ __________(另一些人躺著) on the beach.
7. _________ ________(看) this __________(群) of people playing beach volleyball.
8. I』m _________(驚訝) they can play in this heat.
9. This is ________ __________ __________ __________(一個非常有意思的地方).
10. The people are _________ ________ __________(的確非常放鬆).
11. _________ __________(這是冬天) in France.
12. Everyone is ________ __________ _________ __________(玩得高興).
13. Friends are __________(喝東西) in restaurants.
14. What do you do _________ __________ _________(當天下雨的時候)?
Units 7-8 重點片語
看起來像_______ ________ 短發______ ______ 長發_____ _____ 卷發_____ ______
直發__________ ___________ 中等身高___________ __________
中等身材___________ ____________ 戴眼鏡___________ ____________
短的直發__________ ________ ___________ 非常受歡迎___________ _____________
有點兒__________ ___________ ____________
有點兒沉默____________ ___________ ___________ ___________
說笑話___________ ___________ 喜愛做某事_________ to do something
黑色長發__________ ____________ ____________ 停止做某事_________ doing something
喜歡做某事__________ doing something 流行歌手_________ __________
帶著眼鏡__________ ___________ 一幅新面孔________ _________ ________
去購物___________ ____________ 哪種__________ __________ _________
牛肉西紅柿面條_________ _________ __________ __________
桔子汁______ ________ 綠茶______ ________ 餃子館__________ of ___________
一大碗面條_________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Unit 7重點句子
1. ----What __________ your friend ___________ ____________?
----She is ____________ _____________(中等身材), and she ___________ long hair.
2. I think I ________(認識) her. I _____ _______ _______ ________(覺得不認識) her.
3. She ___________(總是) __________ a red dress and white shoes.
4. Wang Lin is the __________(隊長) of the basketball team.
5. He is very ___________(受歡迎).
6. She』s ________(模樣好看) but she』s ________ _________ _______ ________(有點沉默)..
7. Xu Qian loves ___________ ___________ _____________(說笑話).
8. She』s short and ___________ ____________ _____________ ____________(有點胖)..
9. She ________ __________ ___________(從不停止說話).
10. He likes __________(讀書) and ___________ ___________(下棋).
11. He is ________ _________ _________ __________ ________(一個戴眼鏡的高個子男人)..
12. ___________ ___________(有些人) don』t like his __________ ___________(新容貌).
13. 「__________ ___________ __________ ____________ ____________ ___________(我覺
得他沒那麼偉大),」 says Ruth from New York. 「But my mom __________.」
14. I can _______ _________(去購物), and _________ ________ _________(沒有人認識我).
Unit 8重點句子
1. ----_________ ___________ _________ noodles __________ you ___________?
----I』d like beef and tomato noodles, please.
2. What size bowl of noodles ___________ __________ ___________?
He』d like a ______/_________/_______(小/中/大) bowl of noodles.
在餐館內的對話
----_________ I _________ you?
----I』d like __________ __________, please.
----What kind of noodles would you like?
----What kind of noodles __________ you ___________?
----We have beef, chicken, mutton, cabbage, potato, tomato, …
----OK. I』d like mutton and potato noodles, please.
----Sure. And what size would you like?
----What sizes _________ you __________?
----We have _________, __________ and ___________ bowls.
----Oh, a ___________(中) bowl, please.
----Is that all?
----That』s all right.
4. I like mplings, fish ______ orange juice. 5. I don』t like onions, green tea ______ porridge.
6. At the House of Dumplings, we have _________ _______ ________(一些很棒的特色食品)!
7. Special 1 __________ beef and onions, and is just RMB10 __________ 15.
8. __________(來) and _________(吃) your mplings today!
9. What size of dessert would you like? _____ ______ ______ ______(小的、中等的還是大的)?
10. Would you like __________ ___________? 11. That』ll be thirty-two RMB.
Units 9-10重點片語
在周六早上_________ ________ __________ last weekend_______________________
在下午_______ ________ __________ 有點難____________ ___________ ___________
上個月_______ ______ 整天______ ______ 度假______ ______ 挺……的_______ ______
迷路___________ ____________ 悲傷be ___________
打掃房子__________ ___________ __________ 打掃房間clean the room
為我做飯______ _______ _______ _________ 做作業_________ one』s __________
做閱讀_________ ___________ __________
洗東西_________ __________ ___________ 做運動_________ __________
享受周末__________ _________ ___________ 感到高興_________ _________
發現某人正在做某事________ somebody _________something
回家_________ __________ 出去散步__________ (________) for a walk
去買東西go _____________ 去一個美麗沙灘go to a __________ __________
去夏令營go to __________ ___________ 去圖書館go to __________ ＿＿＿＿＿＿
去電影院go to ＿＿＿＿＿ __________ 去池塘go to ___________ ___________
去大山裡go to ________ _________ 度過一個忙碌的周末/一天have a busy weekend/day
開晚會_________ ________ _______ 做事中獲得樂趣_______ _______ doing something
幫某人做某事_______ somebody (to) do something 尋找__________ __________
讓某人做某事make somebody _________ something 下棋__________ _________
玩電子游戲_________ _________ __________ 踢足球_________ _________
和我的朋友踢足球_________ __________ __________ my friends
做運動________ _________ 打網球__________ ___________
打排球_________ __________ 彈吉他__________ ___________ ___________
和某人玩_________ _________ somebody 練習英語___________ ___________
練習吉他_________ __________ 坐下____________ ___________
呆在家裡_________ ________ ______ 為數學考試准備________ ________ the math test
為考試准備_________ __________ ___________ 學習地理___________ __________
拜望朋友__________ ___________ 參觀博物館___________ __________
看電影__________ _________ __________ 看電視___________ ___________
觀察某人做某事________ somebody ____ something
Unit 9 重點句子
1. ----How was your weekend?
----It was ________（棒極了）! / It was _______（好）. / It ________（不是）very good.
2. ----What __________ you _________(do) last weekend?
----I _________(stay) at home and _____ ______ ____ ______ _______（為數學考試准備）.
----__________ ____________ your friend, Carol?
----She __________（去看望）her aunt.
3. __________ __________ ___________（在周六晚上）, Lucy went to the movies.
4. __________ __________ ___________（對於大多數孩子）, the weekend was fun.
5. On Saturday afternoon, five kids _______ _______（去購物）, and three went to the library.
6. I _________ __________ __________ ____________（過了一個忙碌的周末）.
7. On Saturday morning, I went to the library. I ______ ______ _____ ______ ________（讀了一本關於歷史的書）
8. Do you think everyone ___________ ___________ ___________（享受周末）?
Ⅸ 初一下冊英語人教版語法知識點 例:be busy doing sth. 忙於做某事
be busy doing sth.表示忙於做某事
be busy with sth.也可表示忙於做某事
Ⅹ 初中新目標英語語法知識點
動詞時態是英語語法的重點，下面把初中的動詞時態給你梳理了一下。希望對你有所幫助。
一般現在時的用法
1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2）情態動詞 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。
11.4 一般將來時
1） shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？
2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢？
b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意願。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開？十分鍾後。
2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3）在時間或條件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後，讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡，就寫信給你。
4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have （has） +過去分詞。
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）
I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）
He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）
He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續）
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late
2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意：並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現在已不在這里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）
注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1）（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四種用法
1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。
3） since +從句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後，變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後，變化可大了。
4） It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1） 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 （表結果）
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）
2） 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。
11.15 過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
3） 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1） 兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先後，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。
2 ） 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 將來完成時
1） 構成will have done
2） 概念
a. 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時，你已經到達上海了。
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法：
a. 表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。（說話時並未在寫，只處於寫作的狀態。）
c. 表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由於沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1）表示事實狀態的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理狀態的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
11.20 過去進行時
1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作延續的時候，另一個短動作發生。
3） 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，後跟形容詞，如：fall sick。