㈠ 初二英語語法重點是什麼
. 初二語法重點: 人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is
it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間: at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數詞和序數詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
11. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
初二下學期要接觸到得語法點:1.過去進行時;
2.using adjectives;
3.直接引語改間接引語;
4.using although and though;
5.object clauses with that after know, think, believe, etc.
6.if 的從句
㈡ 初二英語新目標上學期語法要點
初二英語語法知識重點總結
一、知識強化
1.掌握本單元的重點詞彙及句型。
2.談論最好做某事和正確做某事,培養提高自己的交際能力。
3.正確使用should和ought to。
二、重難點知識講解
1.First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我們決定選出主編。
decide 動詞,意為「決定」,常用結構:
decide (not) to do sth. 決定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 決定做某事
decide + 疑問代詞/副詞+不定式 決定……
decide+從句 決定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我決定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已決定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已經決定了什麼時候去北京。
We decided that we didn』t take part in the basketball match.
我們決定不參加籃球比賽。
2.We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我們應該選喬伊斯因為她很有經驗。
(1)experience n. 經驗;經歷
①經驗(不可數名詞)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years』 experience.
他是一名有五年工作經驗的數學老師。
②經歷(可數名詞)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的經歷。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
請你告訴我們你在美洲的經歷。
(2)experience v. 體驗;經歷
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我國在過去三十年經歷了巨大變化。
3.Then we all voted for her. 然後我們都投票贊成(選喬伊斯為主編)。
vote for sb. 意為「投票贊成某人」。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我將投票選本因為他有經驗。
Vote for Johnson—the people』s friend!
請投約翰遜一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意為「投票反對」。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人們投票反對亨利。
4.Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 於是,喬伊斯主持會議。
take charge of意為「主管,主持;負責」。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
誰將主持這次會議?
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父親去世後,家務事全由她負責。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
這個部門在她負責管理以前組織工作做得很差。
5.Then the others voted for me. 於是其他人投票選我。
句中的the others指參加會議的除我以外的所有人即:Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析:other, the other, the others與another
(1)other表示「其他的」,表示泛指,沒有特定的范圍。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷鋒總是幫助別人。(指其他的任何人)
(2)the other意為「另一個」,一般用於兩者之間。其句型為:one…the other…一個……另一個……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有兩個兒子,一個是士兵,另一個是工人。
注意:the other和other後均可加名詞,但意思有所不同,「the other+名詞」表示一定范圍內除一部分外其餘的全部,而「other+名詞」表示除去部分以後的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。
(3)the others 特指一定范圍內的其餘的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支鉛筆,一支是長的,另外(兩個)是短的。(代詞)
(4)another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一個,意為「再一;又一」。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你還要一杯茶嗎?
6.You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你們將負責報紙的不同部分。
be responsible for意為「對……負責」。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
鏡子是誰打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽車司機應對乘客的安全負責。
7.Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
讀者應免費閱讀還是花錢購買呢?
辨析:pay, spend, cost與take
四個單詞都可以表示「花費」,但用法卻不盡相同。
(1)pay的基本用法是:
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每個月要付給他們20英鎊的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的錢
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不賠償丟失的書款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付錢
e.g.Don』t worry! I』ll pay for you.
別擔心,我會給你付錢的。
(2)spend的主語必須是人,常用於以下結構:
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花費時間/ 金錢。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花費時間/金錢做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
(3)cost的主語是物或某種活動,還可以表示「值」,常見的用法如下:
①「sth. cost (sb.)+金錢」表示「某物花了(某人)多少錢」。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
買一台新電腦要花一大筆錢。
②「(doing)sth. cost(sb.)+時間」表示「(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少時間」
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的時間才記住了這些新單詞。
(4)take 常見的用法有以下幾種:
①「It takes/took sb.+時間+ to do sth. 」表示「做某事花了某人多少時間」。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
②「doing sth. takes sb.+時間」表示「做某事花了某人多少時間」。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修這輛小汽車。
8.Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦,我通常試圖從圖書館外免費拿一份……
try to do sth.,意為「盡力、設法去做某事」,強調付出一定的努力或想方設法地去完成。
I』ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天盡量早點兒來。
辨析:try doing sth. 意為「嘗試著做某事」,不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜歡,你可以試著看一下。
拓展:
①try/do one』s best to do sth.意為「盡某人全力去做某事」。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我們應盡力來練習說英語。
②try on意為「試穿」。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以試穿一下嗎?
③try也可用作名詞,意為「嘗試」。
e.g.I can』t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不開這扇門——你來試試行嗎?
9.I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上讀半小時英語的習慣。
have the habit of doing…意為「有干某事的習慣」。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我媽媽有早起的習慣。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃飯時吸煙的習慣。
10.Were you nervous before the speech? 在演講前你緊張嗎?
nervous意為「焦慮的,緊張的」,形容詞作表語,可以與動詞get/ feel,系動詞be連用。
e.g.Don』t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
別緊張!醫生只是想幫助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
當我走進他的辦公室時,我感到很緊張。
11.She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去圖書館還書的路上。
(1)the way to…意為「去……的路」。其中the可以用物主代詞替換。如果表示地點的詞是副詞home, there, here等時,則不用介詞to。way為名詞,意為「路;道路」,其常用的搭配還有on one』s way to+n. 或on one』s way+adv.,意為「在去……的路上」。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上,我看到一些美麗的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上學路上我遇到了班主任。
(2)return在句中意為「歸還」,相當於give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把書歸還給圖書館。
12.but I haven』t felt lonely at all. 但我一點也不感到孤獨。
(1)辨析:lonely與alone
①lonely一般只用作形容詞,表示「孤單的,孤獨的,寂寞的」,在句中既可作表語,又可作定語。lonely修飾物時,意為「荒涼的」。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和兩個孩子離他而去後,他很孤獨。
This is a lonely mountain village.
這是一個荒涼的小山村。
②alone作形容詞時,意為「單獨的,獨自的;獨一無二的」,通常只用作表語。用作副詞,表示「獨自地,單獨地」之意,相當於by oneself。此外,alone用在名詞或代詞之後,意為「只有,唯有,僅僅」。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有湯姆知道發生了什麼事。
③lonely指人孤獨寂寞,或指地方荒無人煙,有濃厚的傷感色彩。alone表示「單獨,獨自一人」,不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn』t feel lonely though he lives alone.
盡管他獨自生活,但他並不感到孤獨。
(2)not…at all 意為「一點……也不;根本不」,是完全否定。
e.g.I don』t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜歡它(它們)。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不會游泳。
She doesn』t love me at all. 她根本就不愛我。
三、語法點撥——should與ought to的用法
1.一般說來,兩者可替換,只是ought to語氣稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你應該什麼時候去看看瑪麗。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火車本應該6點鍾到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
這種事情是不允許的。
2.表示出於法令規則、行為准則、道德責任等客觀情況而「應該」做某事時,一般應用ought to,若用should則含有個人意見,強調主觀看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don』t think we will.
明天我們按理應該去看看瑪麗,但是我認為我們不會去(此句不宜用should)。
3.在公告、須知或條例中,出於禮貌,常用should。如:
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不準在游泳池邊奔跑。
㈢ 初二上學期的英語重點有哪些
Mole 6 A famous story Functions and Target language ☆ Functions and Target Language 能夠描述過去正在進行的動作 Unit 1 She was sitting by the river. 1、How is it going, Lingling? 你好嗎,玲玲? 口語中常用How is it going?來詢問對方生活、工作中有什麼新進展,又如: So how』s it going at work these days? 這些天工作進展如何啊? How』s it going with Tom? 湯姆怎麼樣? 常用的答語是: ①It』s great. 很好。 ②It』s pretty good. 相當好。 ③It』s not bad. 很好。 ④It』s terrible. 很糟糕。 2、Go on! 一般意為「繼續……」,在具體的語境中會有不同的釋義。在本課中意為「講的什麼呀?」其常用搭配如下: go on to do 繼續做另一件事 go on doing 繼續做同一件事 go on with sth=go on doing 辨析:這三個片語都表示「繼續」的意思,但用法和含義上有差異。 ①go on doing指做某一事情因故暫停,尚未做完,再「繼續」做下去。它還可表示「一直做某事」。如: Although it was late, she went on working. 雖然很晚了,她還繼續工作著。 After a short break, he went on reading the text. 暫停了一會兒後,他又接著讀課文。 You shouldn』t go on living in this way! 你總不能一直就這么生活下去。 ②go on to do則表示某一件事已做完,再「接著」去做另一件事。如: He went on to talk about the world situation. 他接著又談了談世界形勢。 Father said mother had gone to the hospital, and went on to say that grandmother was coming to take care of us. 父親說母親已經住院去了,接著又說祖母將來照料我們。 ③go on with 是一個動副介型短語動詞,其後通常接名詞或代詞作賓語。如: May I go on with my work now? 我現在可以繼續做我的工作了嗎? Please go on with your story. 請繼續講你的故事。 3、I see. 我知道了。 see並不是按字面意思翻譯「看見了」,而是「懂了,明白了。」如: I see what you mean. 我了解你的意思。 A: I』m sorry. I can』t meet you tonight. B: I see. Well, call me when you』re free. A: 真對不起,今天晚上不能和你碰面了。 B: 我知道了。那麼,有空的時候再打電話給我吧。 A: Teacher, some students forgot to bring their books. B: I see. Maybe the other students can share with them. A: 老師,有些同學忘記帶課本來了。 B: 我知道了。也許他們可以和其他同學一起看。 4、And let me guess…then Alice fell down a rabbit hole and went into their strange world! 讓我猜猜……然後愛麗絲掉進了兔子洞,進入了他們奇特的世界! ①let表示讓某人做某事,讓某事發生時,後面跟省略to的動詞不定式或某些介詞。如: Let him in at once. 讓他馬上進來。 Her father won』t let her go out at night. 她爸爸不讓她晚上出去。 Let me explain why I was late. 讓我解釋遲到的理由。 Let』s have a beer or something. 咱們喝點啤酒什麼的。 ②fall down滑落,摔下,跌落 Tears began to fall down my face. 眼淚開始從我的臉上滾落下來。 He fell down on the ice. 他在冰上摔倒了。 He fell down and broke his leg. 他摔了一跤把腿摔斷了。 Unit 2 The white rabbit was looking at its watch. 1、Alice was getting very tired. 愛麗絲開始覺得厭煩。 tired可以表示「疲勞」,也可以表示「厭煩」, 如: He was very tired, so he stopped to rest. 他很累,所以他停下來休息。 Although she slept ten hours last night, she is still tired. 盡管她昨天晚上睡了十個小時,她仍然感到很疲憊。 She is tired of playing the piano every day. 她討厭每天彈鋼琴。 He』s getting tired of city life. 他開始厭倦城市生活了。 2、Once or twice she looked into her sister』s book, but it had no pictures or conversations in it. 她看了幾眼姐姐的書,發現書上既沒有插圖又沒有對話。 once or twice意思是「幾次,一兩次」。如: She goes swimming once or twice a month. 她一個月去游一兩次泳。 Bob and his wife went to see a film once or twice a week. 鮑勃和他的妻子每周去看一兩次電影。 3、「And what is a book for,」thought Alice,「without pictures or conversations?」 「沒有插圖、沒有對話的書有什麼用?」愛麗絲想。 What…for?表示「為什麼……?」如: —I』m going to Paris. 我要去巴黎。 —What for? (= What are you going to Paris for?) 去做什麼? —This is a knife. 這是一把刀。 —What for? (=What is this for? 這是用來幹啥的) —It』s used for cutting something. 是用來切東西的。 4、So she was thinking of making a daisy chain when suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran by her. 她正在想著做一個雛菊花環,突然,一隻粉色眼睛的小白兔從她身邊跑過。 be doing ... when…表示一個動作在進行,另一個動作又發生了。when是並列連詞,連接並列句,表示and at this time。如: They were working in the fields when it began to rain. 他們正在田裡幹活,這時天開始下起雨來。 He was cooking supper when I got home. 我到家的時候他在做飯。 5、And she didn』t think it was strange when she heard the rabbit say,「Oh dear! Oh dear! I』ll be late!」 並且連兔子開口說道:「天哪!天哪!我要遲到了!」她也沒有感到太奇怪。 didn』t think為否定轉移句型。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞後的賓語從句,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動詞變為否定形式。如: I don』t think you are right. 我認為你錯了。 I don』t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。 I don』t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎? Unit 3 Language in Use 1、One day she was sitting by the river with a book, but she wasn』t reading it. 一天,她拿著本書坐在河邊,但她沒有在看書。 one day既可以用在將來時里,有可以用在過去時里。用在將來時里意為「某一天,總有一天」,相當於someday;用在過去時里意為「有一天」。如: He will be famous one day (someday). 總有一天他會出名。 I hope you will come to see me one day (someday). 我希望你有一天會來看我。 One day when I was on my way to school, I met Jim, my old friend. 有一天我上學的路上,遇見了Jim,我的老朋友。 One day, on his way to school, he saw a boy playing football on the road. 一天,在他上學的路上,他看見一個男孩在路上踢足球。 2、Suddenly, all the lights in my house went off. 忽然我房間里所有的燈都熄滅了。 go off這個短語動詞,它既可以是不及物動詞性質,也可以是及物動詞性質。意為「(燈)熄滅,(電)停了」。如: The meeting was going on when the power suddenly went off. 會議正在進行的時候,突然停電了。 The pain went off suddenly. 突然不痛了。 3、Last Sunday, ring the day, … 上個星期天,白天的時候…… ring「在...的期間, 在...的時候」,指在起止時間都很明確的一段時間。如: During those ten years he had to stop his research work. 在那十年裡他啊不得不停止他的調查工作。 The child woke three times ring the night. 這個孩子夜裡醒了三次。 Don』t speak ring the meal. 吃飯時別說話。 4、A rabbit was running across the field and a girl was following it. 一隻兔子奔跑著穿過田地,一個女孩在後面跟著追。 ①run across跑著穿過 Everyone shouts 「kill it!」When a rat is seen to run across the street. 老鼠過街,人人喊打。 Don』t run across the street to catch the bus. 不要跑著穿過馬路去趕公共汽車。 ②follow sb. / sth 跟隨某人(某事物),follow及物動詞,「跟隨」。 Spring follows winter. 冬去春來。 A small dog followed me home. 一隻小狗跟著我回了家。 Follow me to my office. 跟我來辦公室。 5、The King looked into the hall and found many people dancing there. 國王朝大廳里看了下,發現許多人在那跳舞。 ①look into 朝……裡面看,調查 The police are looking into the case. 警察正在查案。 He is looking into the well. 他在查看井下。 ②find sb. doing sth. When I went into her room,I found her reading a book. 我走進她房間時,發現她在看一本書。 The girl found a purse lying on the ground. 這位姑娘發現地上有一個錢包。 6、She smiled at everyone because she was given a gold ring by the Queen. 她向大家微笑因為王後賞了她一隻金戒指。 smile at對……微笑 I never smile at people who are rude to me. 我決不會向對我無禮的人微笑。 She smiled at me. 她向我微笑。 Grammar 過去進行時 1、構成 謂語由was/ were+ doing構成,第一人稱和第三人稱單數用was,其餘的都用were。 2、用法 它表示在過去某一時刻或某一時間內正在進行或發生的動作,通常和表示時間、地點的時間狀語一起用。如: My parents were watching TV at 8:00 last night. 昨天晚上8點我父母在看電視。 They were swimming in the swimming pool this time last week. 上個星期的這個時候他們在游泳池游泳。 另外:在表示過去一個動作發生時,另一個動作正在進行,那麼持續時間長的動作要用過去進行時。 When the teacher came in, I was singing. 老師進來的時候我正在唱歌。 When someone knocked at the door, we were having supper. 當有人敲門的時候,我們正在吃晚飯。 3、過去進行時的陳述句、疑問句和否定句形式。 4、過去時和過去進行時的區別 相同點:兩者都表示過去發生的動作。 不同點: ① 過去時表示過去一個完成的動作。 ② 過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作,可能沒有完成。 He read a book last night. 昨天晚上他讀了一本書。(讀完了) He was reading a storybook last night. 昨天晚上他正在讀故事書。(還沒有讀完)
㈣ 初二上學期英語,都包含哪些語法知識
初二第一學期UNIT ONE英語語法總結
1.how often...?
1)How often do you read English? I read English every day.
每隔一天=每兩天 every other day = every two days
每三、四、五天 every three/four/five days
eg.The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2)How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies once a month.
一月兩次twice a month 一月三次 times a month 一月兩三次two or three times a month
2.sometimes的位置
3.pretty 漂亮 (注意和quiet 相當 的區分)
4. 5種how的疑問句
5.Do you have the same lifestyle as them? (the same ... as 的用法)
No,mine is different from theirs. (be different from 的用法)
6.may be 與maybe
May be kate knows the answer.
=Kate may know the answer.
=Perhaps Kate knows the answer.
7.try tries tried trying
try to do something 盡力、設法做某事
try doing something 試著做某事
try one's best to do something 盡某人最大的努力去做某事
8.keep in good health = stay in good health
㈤ 跪求初二上學期英語重點語法
八種時態的具體用法: 一般現在時 表示現階段經常或習慣發生的動作或存在的狀態,或說明主語的特徵。 ① 一般現在時句子中常有的時間狀語:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經常在晚上商談生意) ② 表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現在的狀態時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) ③ 表示十分確定會發生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點開車) ④ 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好獃在家) ⑤ 一般現在時用於倒裝句中可以表示正在發生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如:Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。 ⑥ 一般現在時常用於體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現在時而不用現在進行時表達,常見動詞有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發生的動作或狀態,這種動作或狀態可能是一次性,也可能經常 發生。 ① 表示過去具體時刻發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六點鍾起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發現一個陌生人正和他父親談話) ② 表示過去一段時間內不知何時發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市) ③ 表示過去一個階段中經常發生的事情時,時間狀語有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④ 講故事、對過去經歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經常省略時間狀語。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經常發生的動作或狀態。 ①一般將來時的時間狀語有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引導的從句等。 ② 用will構成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀願望無關。「shall」用於第一人稱,「will」 用於所有人稱。如:I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之後你就要一個人過了) ③ 「am/is/are going to+動詞原形」表示打算或准備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發生的事情,而「am/is/are to +動詞原形」表示安排或計劃中的動作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ It』s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④ 表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學葯劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些葯品,請等我回頭) ⑤ 現在進行時、一般現在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態) ⑥ shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當於情態動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎?) ⑦ 「be to +動詞原形」表示按照計劃將要發生的事情。如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy. (4)現在進行時 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作或是現階段正發生而此刻不一定在進行的動作。 ① 現在進行時由「助動詞be (am is are ) +現在分詞」構成。 ② 現在進行時的時間狀語有: now, this …, these…等,但經常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什麼?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) ③ 表示即將發生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I』m coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什麼?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時候就忘得一干二凈) (5)過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。 ① 過去進行時由「was(第一、三人稱單數)或were(第二人稱單數和各人稱的復數)+現在分詞」構成。 ② 過去進行時的時間狀語有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具) ③ 用於賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林裡走時唱了很多歌) ④ 也可以表示過去一個階段頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時老向我借錢) (6)現在完成時 現在完成時表示一個發生在過去的、對現在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,並且一直延續到現在,甚至還可能延續下去的動作。 ①在完成時由「助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞」構成。 ②表示發生在過去的對現在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛去英國) ③表示在過去開始一直延續到現在(可能延續下去)的動作或狀態時,時間狀語有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作) ④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書) ⑤have been to與have gone to的區別:have gone to(「已經去了」)表示人不在這里,have been to(「去過」)表示人在這里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪裡?他去了英國。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎?是的,我去過那裡三次。) ⑥在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續性動詞或狀態動詞。具體變化見下表: 瞬間性動詞的完成時 → 延續性動詞或狀態動詞的完成時 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面這個句型:It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主語(人)+謂語(過去時)+……+過去時間狀語 [注意] 在其它的時態中也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是:瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如:How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow) (7) 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發生之前已經完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。 ①過去完成時由「助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞」構成。 ②過去完成時時間狀語有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for… 或since…構成的時間狀語。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經走掉了) ③過去完成時常用於賓語從句中、after引導的從句中,或者從句是before引導的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠) (8) 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預計將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。 ①過去將來時由「助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形」構成。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用「would +動詞原形」。 ②過去將來時常由於賓語從句中,時間狀語有:later, soon, the next (day). ③在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應該使用一般過去時。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應付給我許多錢如果我幫助他搞那個項目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書) ④表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/were going to (+動詞原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步) ⑤過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經常性的動作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘) (9)現在完成進行時:現在完成進行時指一個從過去就開始一直延續到現在並由可能繼續下去的動作,它具有現在完成時和現在進行時雙重特徵,結構是:「have/has + been +動詞的現在分詞」。如:I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經在冰冷的水裡遊了將近兩個小時)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久?)
㈥ 八年級上學期英語所有的重要語法+語言點(整理)
1. be absent from…. 缺席,不在 2. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 3. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被動語態):be absorbed in 全神貫注於…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富於,富有 5. access(to) (不可數名詞) 能接近,進入,了解 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 7. of one』s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自願地 ,主動地 8. in accord with 與…一致 . out of one』s accord with 同….不一致 9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根據 11. on one』s own account 1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one』s own risk) 自行負責 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 賒賬; on account of 因為; on no account不論什麼原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 12. take…into account(=consider)把...考慮進去 13. give sb. an account of 說明, 解釋 (理由) 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說明. 15. on account of (=because of) 由於,因為. 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時句子要倒裝) 17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 18. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 19. act on 奉行,按照…行動; act as 扮演; act for 代理 20. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己適應於 21. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(以適應新的需要) 22. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 23. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 24. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 堅持, 遵循 25. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗鄰的, 臨近的 26. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)調節; 適應; 27. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的餘地. 28. in advance (before in time) 預告, 事先. 29. to advantage 有利的,使優點更加突出地. 30. have an advantage over 勝過. have the advantage of 由於…處於有利條件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 31. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 32. agree with 贊同(某人意見) agree to 同意 33. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 34. ahead of 在…之前, 超過…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 35. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具體. 2)在謠傳中. 36. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 37. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 總共, 總計 38. after all 畢竟,到底; (not) at all 一點也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大體上說; be all in 累極了; all but 幾乎. 39. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考慮到, 估計到. 40. amount to (=to be equal to) 總計, 等於. 41. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 對…負責. 42. answer to (=conform to) 適合,符合. 43. be anxious about 為…焦急不安; 或anxious for 44. apologize to sb. for sth. 為…向…道歉 45. appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼籲. appeal to sb. 對某人有吸引力 46. apply to sb. for sth. 為…向…申請 ; apply for申請; apply to 適用. 47. apply to 與…有關;適用 48. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 贊成, approve vt. 批准 49. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 50. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 51. arrive on 到達; arrive at 到達某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到達某地(大地方); 52. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…為羞恥 53. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保證, 使…確信. 54. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 縛, 系 ,結 55. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 試圖做… 56. attend to (=give one』s attention, care and thought)注意,照顧;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 57. attitude to/ toward …對…的態度.看法 58. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..歸因於.., 認為..是..的結果 59. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 60. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意識到,知道. 61. at the back of (=behind) 在…後面 62. in the back of 在…後部(裡面); on the back of 在…後部(外面); be on one』s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 63. at one』s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,維護; have sb. at one』s back 有…支持, 有…作後台 64. turn one』s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背棄,拋棄 65. behind one』s back 背著某人(說壞話) 66. be based on / upon 基於 67. on the basis of 根據…, 在…基礎上 68. beat…at 在…運動項目上打贏 69. begin with 以…開始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(經常用於開始語) 70. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名義 71. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依賴,信仰. 72. benefit (from) 受益,得到好處. 73. for the benefit of 為了…的利益(好處) 74. for the better 好轉 75. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打敗, 勝過. 76. by birth 在出生上,論出身,按血統 at birth 在出生時; give birth to 出生 77. blame sb. for sth. 因…責備某人 blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 78. in blossom開花(指樹木) be in blossom開花(強調狀態) come into blossom開花(強調動作) 79. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火車或飛機 80. boast of (or about) 吹噓 81. out of breath 喘不過氣來 82. in brief(=in as few words as possible)簡言之 83. in bulk 成批地,不散裝的 84. take the floor 起立發言 85. on business 出差辦事. 86. be busy with sth.忙於某事 be busy doing sth. 忙於做某事 87. last but one 倒數第二. 88. last but not least最後一點但也是最重要的一點 89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假設 90. buy sth. for…money 用多少錢買 91. be capable of 能夠, 有能力 be capable of being +過去分詞:是能夠被…的 92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)無論如何 93. in case (=for fear that) 萬一; 94. in case of (=in the event of)如果發生…萬一 in the case of 至於…, 就…而言 95. in no case在任何情況下都不(放句首倒裝句) 96. be cautious of 謹防 97. center one』s attention on(=focus one』s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 101. for a change換換環境(花樣等) 102. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 103. in charge of (=responsible for) 負責(某事) in the charge of …由…管 104. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)負責管理(照顧) 105. charge…for 因…索取(費用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 106. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 晝夜不停地 高考書面表達必背片語 (1) 首先,尤其重要的,最重要的 above all 偶然,無意中 by accident 對(於)…很積極 be active in 合計為 add up to 承讓錯誤 admit one』s mistake 接受某人的建議 take / follow one』s advice 就…提出建議 give advice on 建議某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth. 後天 the day after tomorrow 畢竟;終究 after all 違心 against one』s will 在…歲時 at the age of 實現目標 achieve one』s aim 在空中;懸而未決 in the air 在戶外,在露天里 in the open air 在機場 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 滿腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生氣 be angry at sth. 生某人的氣 be angry with sb. 通知 make an announcement 相繼地,按順序地 one after another 相互,彼此(三者或三者以上之間)one another 相互(指兩者之間)each other 沒有回答 give no answer 為…而擔心 be anxious about 急於做某事 be anxious to do sth. 分開住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人認錯或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth. 與某人爭論某事 argue with sb. about sth. 放在一邊 lay sth. aside 請某人指點 / 幫助 ask sb. for advice / help 驚訝於… be astonished at sth. 以前,曾經 at one time 注意 pay attention to 對…抱正確的態度 take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起(注意,興趣等)
㈦ 八年級上英語的重點語法
八年級冊1-7單元重點句型
作者:郝昌明
一、 have fun doing sth.
【句型介紹】 意為\"做某事有樂趣\",其中have fun 相當於enjoy oneself,表示過得愉快。
八年級冊1-7單元重點知識回顧
作者:高德勝
1. 英語中的集體名詞,如family, class, team等作主語時,若作為一個整體看,其後的謂語動詞用單數;若強調其組成成員,謂語動詞用復數。如:
My family is a happy one. 我家是個幸福的家庭。
My family are all watching TV. 我們全家人都在看電視。
2. 在比較級中,要注意than後面人稱代詞的格。
1)當句子中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞時,than後面的代詞用主格還是賓格,在意思上通常沒有區別。如:
He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。
They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他們每天都比我們到校早。
2)當句中的謂語動詞是及物動詞時,than後面的人稱代詞用主格還是賓格在意思上就有差別了。試比較:
I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜歡你。
I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比,我更喜歡你。
3. 不定式作定語時,應放在被修飾詞的後面,一般指一個還沒有發生的動作。如:
Do you have anything to say about this? 有關這件事你有沒有什麼要說的?
4. 在比較句型中,than後面的謂語動詞常常省略。也可以用相應的助動詞來代替與前面相同的謂語動詞,以避免重復。如:
Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 湯姆功課比我好。
She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早飯吃得比我少。
5. You\'d better ... 是You had better ... 的縮寫形式。 had better 為固定短語,意為\"最好......\",後接動詞原形,常用來提出建議或勸告,其否定形式是\"had better not + 動詞原形\"。如:
You\'d better not stay there too long. 你最好別在那裡呆得太久。
We had fun playing computer games. 我們玩電腦游戲很愉快。
【句式比較】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有樂趣
Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 訪問那個國家你們快樂嗎?
【特別提醒】 句中fun為不可數名詞,表樂趣,前面不能加不定冠詞。
二、 But I don\'t know what to do.
【句型介紹】 疑問詞 + 不定式可作主語、賓語或表語。
I don\'t know how to get her help. 我不知道怎樣才能得到她的幫助。
Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪兒購買這種種子。
My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的問題是什麼時候去東京。
【句式比較】 疑問詞 + 不定式可轉換成連詞(原疑問詞)引導的主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句。
I don\'t know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪兒能找到她。
How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎麼去那裡還是一個謎。
Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的問題是她怎樣才能通過這次考試。
【特別提醒】 疑問詞 + 不定式轉換成賓語從句時應用陳述語序。
三、 This is ... speaking.
【句型介紹】 該句為打電話用語,用來進行自我介紹,This代表我,speaking可以省去。
Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好,我是湯姆。
【句式比較】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是誰?that用來詢問對方是誰,speaking可以省去。 Is that ... (speaking)? 你是......嗎?that也用來詢問對方是誰, speaking也可以省去。
This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是瑪麗,你是誰?
Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮嗎?
【特別提醒】 this不能換成I, that不能換成you。
四、 hear sb. / sth. doing
【句型介紹】 意為\"聽見某人 / 物正在做......\",句中doing為現在分詞作賓語補足語,表示動作正在進行,強調一個過程。
Just then I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\" 就在那時,我聽見有人在喊\"救命啊!救命!\"
【句式比較】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 聽見某人 / 物做某事,句中do為不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,表動作已經結束,強調一個結果。
I heard him sing three songs. 我聽見他唱了三首歌。
hear sb. / sth. done聽見某人 / 物被......,done為動詞的過去分詞作賓語補足語,強調被動。
Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你經常聽見他唱這首歌嗎?
【特別提醒】 在這些句型中的hear可換成see, feel, watch等感官動詞。
初二1-7單元重點短語
作者:王宣玲
一、 名詞短語
a waste of time 浪費(白費)時間
field trip 野外旅遊
the day after tomorrow後天
Terra Cotta Warriors 兵馬俑
Thanksgiving Day 感恩節
on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋節
二、 動詞短語
go fishing 去釣魚
go boating 去劃船
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go on a picnic 去野餐
trip over (被......)絆倒
hurry up 趕快
get home 回家
get together 相聚
agree with ... 同意......意見(想法);符合
ask for 請求;詢問
come up 走近;發生;上來;流行
come over 過來;抓住
三、 介、副詞短語
in the open air 在戶外;在野外
on time 准時
at the front / back of 在前 / 後面
in front of 在......前面
in the country 在鄉下
in town 在城裡
on the left /right side 在左 / 右邊
up and down 上上下下;來來回回
四、 其它短語
(not) ... any more再也不;不能再......
all the same 仍然; 還是
had better (do) 最好(做......)
八年級8-14單元重點句型
作者:郝昌明
一、I\'m sorry to hear that.
[句型介紹] 該句是對所聽說的不幸事件的回答用語,含義為\"真遺憾;聽到那件事我很難過\"。
-I didn\'t pass the exam. 我沒通過這次考試。
-I\'m sorry to hear that. 真遺憾。
-My grandfather died yesterday. 我的祖父昨天去世了。
-I\'m sorry to hear that. 我很難過。
[知識拓展] 1. I\'m glad to hear that. 我真高興聽到那事。
-I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film. 我設法買到了今晚的電影票。
-I\'m (very) glad to hear that. 真替你高興。
2. Congratulations. 恭喜你。
-I\'ve just married a beautiful girl. 我剛剛娶了一位漂亮姑娘。
-Congratulations. 恭喜你。
二、be good for
[句型介紹] 意為\"有益於......\", for後面接名詞。
Is swimming good for your health?游泳有益於你的身體健康嗎?
I think timely rain is good for the crops. 我認為適時地下雨對莊稼生長有好處。
[知識拓展] be good to 對......友好;be good at 擅長......
She is always good to me. 她對我一直很友好。
She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅長唱流行歌曲。
三、ask sb. for sth.
[句型介紹] 意為\"向某人要某物\",sb.與sth.位置不得顛倒。
Can I ask you for help?你能幫幫我嗎?
To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice. 跟你說老實話,每當我有麻煩時總向她徵求意見。
[知識拓展] ask for sth. 要求得到某物;ask for sb.要求見某人
Yesterday he asked me for money. 昨天他向我要錢。
Did anybody ask for me ring my absence?我不在的時候有人找過我嗎?
四、be born in
[句型介紹] 意為\"出生於\",後接地點狀語或時間狀語。
He was born in a small town in 1995. 1995年他出生於一個小鎮上。
In which city was he born in 1988?1988年他出生在哪一個城市?
[知識拓展] be born of出生於......家庭
It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. 據說他出生於教師的家庭。
五、good luck with sth.
[句型介紹] 祝賀用語,with後面接事物名詞。
Good luck with your exam. 祝你考試好運。
Good luck with your journey. 祝你旅途順利。
[知識拓展] good luck to sb. 祝......好運
Good luck to you. 祝你好運。
六、get married to
[句型介紹] 意為\"和......結婚\",強調動作,若不接賓語,應省to。
She got married to a foreigner last year. 去年她和一個老外結了婚。
Did she get married last year?她是去年結婚的嗎?
[知識拓展] be married to \"和......結婚\",強調狀態。
She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁給了李平。
值得注意的是,get married to屬終止性動詞短語,不可和表示時間段的狀語連用,但be married to卻可以,因為它是持續性動詞短語。
七、Would you like to ... ?
[句型介紹] 該句用來提出請求,含義為\"你願意......嗎\",to後面接動詞原形。
Would you like to give me some help?你願意給我提供一些幫助嗎?
Would you like to repair this bike for me?你願意為我修這輛自行車嗎?
[知識拓展] Will / Would you please ...?please後面應接動詞原形,含義為\"你願意......嗎\"。
Will you please water these flowers?請你給這些花澆水,好嗎?
Would you please give me some money?你給我點兒錢,好嗎?
八、Thanks a lot for ...
[句型介紹] 該句為感謝用語,含義為\"非常感謝......\",也可說成Thank you very much for ..., for為介詞,後面可接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
Thanks a lot for your kind help.感謝您友好的幫助。
Thank you very much for coming to see me.感謝你來看我。
[知識拓展] be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事對某人感激
I\'m thankful to you for your kindness.感謝您的好意。
九、last from ... to ...
[句型介紹] 意為\"從......持續到......\",from和to後面均應接時間名詞。
Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我們的運動會將從星期五持續到星期日。
Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他們的夏令營將從10月1日持續到11月1日。
[知識拓展] go on to ... 延續到......
Her wedding will go on to five o\'clock.她的婚禮將持續到5點。參考資料:
㈧ 初二上冊英語重點語法有哪些
不持之以恆,英語就學不會,這是因為英語是一門十分注重積累的學科。如果能接受這個觀點,那你就要持之以恆,否則學習無效………………我是一個高考的過來人。首先我想請閣下明白一個道理:英語很差不可怕,可怕的是你從一開始便接受自己是一個英語差生的「事實」!!!!!雖然我高考已經好多年了,而且今年即將大學畢業,踏入社會。但英語一直沒有丟,英語一直是我的排頭兵!我對英語的自信還有,我覺得學好英語不難,重要的是你要有恆心,急躁冒進,三天打漁兩天曬網都是不行的。在這里我就毛遂自薦一下我的學習方法吧: 首先先你要端正心態,不要急躁,不管別人考多少分,你做你自己的事,這樣才能靜下心來學習。要成為英語高手就必須比別人走更多的路,做更多的事。你應該明白一個事實,英語是單詞和語法的綜合,所以單詞和語法都要拿下。 其次,對於單詞,有如下幾種方法,第一個,是加強記憶的頻度,也就是說,早上記了幾個,隔幾個小時又看一次,總之一天之內,記憶的間隔不要太長,否則你辛苦積累的記憶會隨著時間的延長而淡化,第二個,是可以根據自己的理解編順口溜,比如good morning 是狗摸你…(見笑了)…,第三個,最重要的是,記單詞的時候,不要忘了閱讀,一邊記單詞,一邊看文章,這樣可以把孤立的單詞串聯起來,記憶的效果會加倍,第四個。我建議你記單詞要分門別類記憶,要形成一個意群,比如,重要性用magnitude magnificence ,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……這樣做在你寫作時,是十分有好處的,寫作時不要盡寫一些低級詞彙,你要寫高級詞彙,比如重要性寫magnitude,許多寫a multitude of 或者handsome。再次,是語法。學習語法,首先要明白什麼是主謂賓定狀補,什麼是系動詞,什麼是直接賓語,間接賓語,這些是學習語法的基礎,語法是房子,主謂賓定狀補等是沙石磚瓦 此外,對於完形填空以及閱讀理解,那就只能靠平時的練習了,在這個過程中,你要時時總結,縱深對比,千萬不要陷入題海戰術只做題,不總結的誤區當中。在做題的過程中,你把各種體型都總結了一遍,積累了豐富的經驗,而且你還提升了自己的閱讀速度,一舉兩得,所以做題是很重要的!其實,完形填空無非就是單項選擇加語境分析,也就是說,做完形填空你的語法要好,而且你要積累比較多的固定搭配,短語,特殊用法等,完形填空的語法還是很重要的!對於閱讀,我個人感覺是,純粹是個人經驗積累多少的問題,只有保證一定的練習量,你才能用質的提高!最後,我建議你,平時讀報,或者做題的時候,發現有好的句子好的詞彙,你要抄下來,長期下來,你的作文會有提高的,需要說明的是,這個提高過程可能很緩慢,但是最後能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保證在21-23這個級別,靠的就是對語法的熟練掌握和積累了許多較高級的詞彙,句型,句子。我個人的理解是,在你的語法達到基本不會出錯的程度上,作文便應該以詞彙取勝,因為在這個層次上,大家的語法都差不多,沒什麼變化,唯一有變化的就是你的詞彙!給你打個比方吧,很多想到「許多」就用many,但是你別忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到「專家」就寫expert,但很少人會想到specialist,很多人在想到「擅長」這詞,就寫be good at ,卻不知還有更高級的表達法:be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才,就體現在這些細微的差別
㈨ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結(全部)!
一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是這樣的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法:
結構:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句, 即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞:
1) Who:誰。做主語,用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關系,如果做定語,一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞:
When:何時,詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地,詢問地點, Where do you come from?
Why為什麼,詢問原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠,詢問距離, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞:表示動作發生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化,後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式,但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來,常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四.特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構:how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法:
Can 是最長用的情態動詞,其後跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can』t.
can表「能力」,意思是:能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態,常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許,意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等(用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型:
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化(課本P93)
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞,意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示「甚至,更加,還要……」even bigger還要大些,three times表示 「…三倍」,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一.可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型(當句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式
否定式:主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣,不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態,即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+(表語)+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引導的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是:
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度,包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點:(1)情態動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語,且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時,直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為「能,會,可以。」can』t, 意為「不能,不會,不可以。」,還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧!