㈠ 求初二英語下冊語法知識要點
我就說說我們這的吧，我剛結束完初二，下學期就奔三啦～
初二下冊最在我們這兒，最最主要的就是——從句。分出各種從句類型，但初二下沒有深入地學習從句。主要就是這幾種：if引導的條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步、時間、疑問詞引導、或者that引導的賓語從句。
簡單講一下吧，首先，賓語從句最最重要的一點就是——從句部分用陳述句語序。（引導詞後面的句子就是從句）舉個疑問詞引導的吧：I don』t know 【what】should I do。【what是引導詞】
平時我們問「我應該做什麼」肯定這么說：what should I do？ 而在賓語從句中，就要將疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。
【that】引導的賓語從句很簡單，that引導的必須是一個陳述句，不能是個疑問句，所以啊，肯定得用陳述句語序嘍～
if引導的條件狀語從句比前面兩種而言較難。【當if解釋為「如果」時，句子才是一個條件狀語從句，才需要遵守下面的約定：】
if是引導詞，if之後的那一句話便是從句，從句部分必須用一般現在時，不管它是要表示將來過去還是現在。如果主句用了（即「 不是if引導的那一句句子，不是if後的那一句句子，if前的那一句句子便是主句）將來時（will……be going to）那麼從句部分必須用一般現在時，不管它是要表示將來還是現在。
例句：（這里的if解釋為「如果」）
If he comes I will tell you immediately。 【如果】他來，我會立刻告訴你。
分析：
此句的從句部分便是「he comes 」，因為它在if之後。這里其實要表示一個將來時的，如果他來，並不知道來不來對不？但依舊要用上一般現在是。
I will tell you immediately為主句部分，用了將來時，因為它沒有緊接著if。
if也可以表示為：是否。
當if表示為是否時，if部分不一定要用上現在時。
比如：I donnot know if he will come（我不知道他是否會來）
原因狀語從句其實很簡單，通俗來說，就是because引導的從句嘍～用法其實樓主早就應該知道的，只是給他起一個名字而已，也不需要特別注意事態，因為because跟陳述句的吧。。
時間也很簡單啊，就是when、while（while後面的句子要用上進行時【現在進行時、過去進行時……】）、 before, after,, as soon as, until, since...... 這里要注意一點的是，如果主句是一般將來時，從句只能用一般現在時表示將來意義。和if條件狀語從句差不多用法。
讓步么，就是because和so不能用在同一句句子中，有了because就不能有so，so就不能用because，同樣的，although（雖然）、but也同樣。
另外還有一個很重要的就是——直接引語和間接引語。
這種從句並非由主語直接敘述出來，而是通過第三人轉述的。實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句，當直接引語為祈使句，陳述句，疑問句被轉換成間接引語時，句子的結構，人稱，時態，時間，時間狀語和地點狀語等都要發生改變。間接引語其實就是我們所說的第三人稱轉述。
直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉換為第三人稱，如：
He said，「I am very sorry.」 ——>He said that he was very sorry.
直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉述人說的，轉換為第一人稱，如：
「You should be more careful next time,」 my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉換成第三人稱。如：
She said to her son, 「I'll check your homework tonight.」 ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
人稱的轉換包括人稱代詞、反身代詞、物主代詞等，如：
He asked me, 「Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?」 ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
總之，人稱的轉換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待。
直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態（實際也是賓語從句的時態要求）
指示代詞、時間狀語, 情態動詞、在直接引語變為間接引語時需要的變化：
this —— that these —— those now —— then today —— that day
can —— could may —— might must\ —— had to shall —— should
- -累死我了0 0，間接引語、直接引語的例子是從網路上找的。
㈡ 初二下學期英語語法
1 、賓語從句：
如果一個句子作為動詞或介詞的賓語，稱為賓語從句。
（1） 如果一個特殊疑問句作某個動詞或介詞的賓語，一定要用其陳述的語序。如： they often ask him where he is from.. 不能說成： they often ask him where is he from.
（2） 某些特殊疑問句作賓語可以簡寫成「特殊疑問句 +to do」 的形式。例如： i am thinking about what to say < what i should say.> 我正在考慮我該說點兒什麼。
練習：
一， 選擇題；
( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to tell b.tell c.telling d.told
( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in
( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly
b.for short c.easy d.easily
( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.
a.are b.is c.will d.were
( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day
c.womens day d.women day
二， 改錯題：
（ ） 1.every here like english very much.
a b c d
( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.
a b c d
( )3.in england, you never cant put their family name first.
a b c d
( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.
a b c d
( )5.id like to buy something for mr wu in teachersday.
a b c d
三、 單項選擇：
（ ） 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with
( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.making
( )3.in england , people never use the first name their family name.
a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after
( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.
a.new anything b,new something c.anything new d.something new
( )5.everyone is here. nobody is-----------
a.not away b,away c.not out d.go
( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for
( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?
a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks
( )8.come to my office after school, tom. lets a talk about your
lessons.
( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------
a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher
( )10.david william lewis is called when we meet him for
the first time.
a.dave b.david c.mr lewis d.mr willian
( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call
him-------
a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert
( )12. something about your family, ok?
a.say b.tell c.speak d.talk
( )13.you can call me bob, you should never call me mr bob.
a.but b.or c.and d./
( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.
a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with
( )15,im very glad the news.
a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening
( ) 16.what about to the great wall hotel ?
a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 語法 :
2. 一般將來時 : be going to 結構的用法 :
(1) 用 be going to+ 動詞原形表示 」 將要發生的事情或主觀上打算 , 計劃 , 決定要做的事 . 其後的時間狀語通常為表示短期或近期含義的短語或表示固定時間的從句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow evening, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等
(2) be going to 結構中 ,be 是助動詞 , 要按句中主語的人稱和數的變化而變化 . 其後要接動詞的原形 . 該句的否定式是在 be 後面加 not, 其疑問式將 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to help her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow evening. /are they going to have a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be
an english call tomorrow afternoon..
(3), 在英語中 , 表示位置轉移的動詞 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, leave, stay, 等 , 可用現在進行時表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事 , 不必用 be going to 結構 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一個人飛往南京 . are you driving home ? 你開車回家嗎 ?
練習：
單項選擇題：
（ ） 1.what are you going to do friday evening ? a.in b.on c.at d.of
( )2.do you have to do every day ?
a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works
( )3.what about meat for supper ?
a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any
( )4. ann her hair this saturday .
a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash
( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.
a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so
( )6. these new shoes are for .
a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you
( )7. would you like boating ?
a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to
( )8. why not there by bus ?
a.to go b.goes c. go d .going
( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.
a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why
( )10.i s li ming good singing ?
a.at b.in c.on d. for
( )11.i have some books .
a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading
( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .
a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home
( )13. kate has good friends at school.
a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of
( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .
a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by
( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .
a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads
( )16. they are going to play football next friday.
a.on b./ c.in d.at
( )17. lets now .
a.going to the park b.to play games c.are singing d.have a rest
3 . 形容詞的比較級和最高級的用法：
(1) 表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級，常用於「比較級 +than 」結構。如：
this box is heavier than that one . 這個盒子比那個重。
he is much taller than i < am > ,< 口語一般用 me >. 他比我高很多。通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , even 等詞修飾比較級。還可以用「數詞 + 名詞」構成的名詞短語表示確定的度量，來修飾比較級。如：
i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的小弟弟大了十歲。
(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比較時用最高級，常用於「最 -----「.
最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞 the, 後面可帶 of<in> 短語來說明比較的范圍。如： the one with nuts is the nicest of all . 裡面夾果仁的月餅是所有月餅中最好吃的。 li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他們班英語學得最好。
此外，最高級還可以被序數詞所修飾。如：
the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黃河是中國第二大長河。
一， 根據句意填入適當的詞：
1,they are having tea the open air .
2,thank you very much your help.
3,would you like to come supper?
4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.
5,this is a book many colour picture
6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.
7,this bottle is empty .may i have a one ?
8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.
9, is the third season of a year.
二， 句子改寫：
ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 變為一般疑問句 )
—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?
2,jims box is the heaviest of all.( 變為否定句 )
jims box _____the heaviest of all.
3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 對劃線部分提問 )
_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?
4,li lei is thirteen. zhang hong is twelve.( 連成一句 )
li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.
5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同義句改寫 )
tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.
6,he watches tv every evning.( 用 this evening 替換 every evening)
he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this evening.
三， 用所給的詞的適當形式填空：
1,i have nothing_____(do) today.
2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?
3,what kind of _____(ck) are you feeding now?
4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.
5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?
6can you hear something_______(sing) in the next room?
7,stop_____(play). now lets have our lesson.
8what _____(grow)on this farm?
9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).
10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).
四， 根據句意填上一個最恰當的詞，使句子通順，語法正確：
1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.
3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?
5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at
home. 7,my little dog is hungry. i must _____it.
8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.
9,what are you going to do after you _____school?
10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五，句型轉換：
1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.
______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.
2,do you have time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?
3, lets have a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____have a rest.
4, which is the way to the station, please ?
______ _____the station, please?
5,i dont know. i have _____ ______.
6,the post office is not inside the station.
the post office is______the station.
7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.
8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm
work.
9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.
this pen is_____ ______in the shop.
五， 動詞的適當形式填空：
1． listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?
2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.
it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.
3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______
(do) it at home now .
4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______
(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?
6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?
4 ．提建議的表達方法：
ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 動詞原形 )------ ？表示「我 / 我們 ----- 好嗎？」 例： shall we go to the zoo? 我們去動物園好嗎？
ⅱ、 lets do( 動詞原形 )------ 。表示「讓我們做 ----- 吧」
例： lets make it half past one. 讓我們定在一點半吧。
iii 、 why not do( 動詞原形 )------ 表示「為什麼不做 ----- 呢？」
例： why not give her some flowers? 為什麼不送給她一些花呢？
5 ．怎樣「表示需要」、「詢問方向」和「指點方向」
i ．表示需要： 1.he needs some help . 2.you need a number 16 bus.
3.which number do i need ?
ii. 怎樣「問路（詢問方向）」：
1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the post office?
2.excuse me. can(could) you tell me the way to the park?
3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?
4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?
5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?
6.excuse me.can(could) you tell me how i can get to the hospital?
7.excuse me,can(could) you tell me where the theatre is?
8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?
iii. 怎樣「指點道路」（指點方向）：
1 、 its over there on the right /left.
2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.
3 、 walk along /do down this road.
4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the
first turning.
5、 ts about two hundred metres along on the left /right .
6、 ts about five kilometers away.
a) its about ten minutes 『 walk from here.
b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.
c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.
6. 序數詞的用法：表示事物的順序叫序數詞。序數詞往往與定冠詞 the 連用。
（ 1 ）， 1----3 ，沒有規律，要逐個記憶。
one first ; two second ; three third ;
(2). 4-----12. 有規律，其中 four, six , seven ,ten , eleven 是在基數詞的後面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是沒有規律，要逐個記憶。
(3). 13------20 有規律，是在基數詞的後面加上 th 就行。
（ 4 ）。第二十至第九十的整十的倍數都是在基數詞後將詞尾的 -y 改為 i, 再加 -eth 構成的。
（ 5 ），十位以上的基數詞變成序數詞時，把個位數變成序數詞即可，十位數不變。第一百、第一千、第一百萬都是在基數詞的後面直接加上 -th 構成。
（ 6 ），序數詞的縮寫形式是由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最後兩個字母構成。
附： 基數詞變為序數詞的口訣：
基變序，有規律，詞尾加上 th ；
一、二、三，特殊記，詞尾字母 t,d,d ;
八減 t , 九減 e, f 來把 ve 替；
單詞 ty 作結尾， ty 變成 tie;
若是碰到幾十幾，只變個位就可以。
練習題：
一．聽力： 20 分。 （四個類型）略。
二．筆試： 80 分。
《一》。 詞彙：
a． 根據句子的意思及首字母提示，用適當的詞填空：
1． w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.
3.there are many b______flowers in the park.
4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.
5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.
6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?
7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.
8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.
9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .
d) thank you all the s______.
e) do you n____any help , miss black?
f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.
g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .
h) jim often goes the w_____way .
i) i am very t______. shall i have a rest?
b. 按要求寫出下列各詞：
1. busy( 比較級 )______ 2.big( 最高級 )_______3.early( 比較級 )____4.nice( 最高級 )______5.beautiful( 比較級 )___________
6.good( 比較級 )______7.many( 最高級 )______8.slowly( 比較級 )_____9.five( 序數詞 )_____10.one( 序數詞 )_____11.two( 序數詞 )_______12.three( 序數詞 )______13.nine( 序數詞 )______
14. twelve( 序數詞 )_____15 .twenty( 序數詞 )_____16. swim( 現在分詞 )_____17. close( 形容詞 )_____18. friend( 形容詞 )______
19. wish( 復數 )______20. full( 反義詞 )_____21. before( 反義詞 )_____22. right( 同音詞 )_____23. alse( 同義詞 )______24. free( 反義詞 )_____25. strong( 比較級 )______26.foot( 復數 )______27. run( 名詞 )_____28. zoo( 復數 )_____29. play( 名詞 )______30. quick( 副詞 )______
c. 根據漢語提示，用單詞的適當形式填空：
1． lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.
2． this turkey ________( 嘗起來 )fine.
2. miss li is __________( 講 )children a story.
3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.
4. he jumps_______( 最高 )at the sports meeting.
二．選擇填空： 20 分。略。
三．改寫句子：根據要求完成下列各句：
1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改寫 )
he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.
2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 變為同義句 )
he is______ _______in his class.
3. you had better go there on foot .( 改為否定句 )
you had ______ ______go there on foot.
4. they are going to leave on monday.( 劃線部分提問 )
_______ _______they going to leave?
5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改為否定疑問句 )
_______you usually______to school by bike?
四．口語運用：從 b 欄中找出能與 a 欄配對的答語：
a b
( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.
( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.
( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .
( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.
( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.
( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.
( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.
( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.
( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.
( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.
五．動詞填空：用所給的動詞的適當形式填空：
1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?
2.everyone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.
3.i have much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .
5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).
6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?
六．補全對話：
a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?
b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that policeman_______there.
a; thank you ______the_____.
b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?
c;sorry ,there isnt.
a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?
c: its_______seven kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.
a: which bus shall i take ,please ?
c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .
a; where is the bus stop ,please ?
c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .
a; thank you very much.
c: not at all.
七．看圖完成對話：
kate: excuse me! _____can i
____ _____the nearest market ,please?
jill:_____ ______this street, and
______the third______on the ____.
then take the second turning on the _______.
its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.
kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .
jill:its my pleasure.
八． 書面表達：
根據要求寫一段對話：（看圖寫，不少與 50 個詞）
henry is going to buy a dictionary.
he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .
so he asks sam to go with him .
but sam says he is busy. he shows henry
on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.
㈢ 初二下學期的知識點及英語學好的方法
語法
1.句子的成分（Members of the Sentens)
句子的成分是指組成句子的各個部分，即：主語 謂語 表語 賓語 賓語補足語 定語 狀語等
2.簡單句的五種基本句型(Five Basic Sentence)
1 S+V（主語+謂語） 2 S+V+O(主語+謂語+賓語)
They arrived. I miss you.
3.S+V+IO+DO（主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語）
She tells me jokes.
4.S+V+P（主語+系動詞+表語）
Michael's mother sounded worried.
PS:系動詞常見的有be;表示感覺的look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel等；表示變化的become,get,turn等。這些都可以構成主系表句子。
5.S+V+O+OC（主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語）
We should keep the classroom clean.
3.形容詞與副詞的比較等級（Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
英語中的形容詞與副詞有三個等級，即原級，比較級，和最高級。
1）原級
一般來說，不存在任何比較對象或進行同級比較時用原級。
eg:Alan is a handsome boy.
原級的否定形式用"not as...as..."或者"not so..as..."
eg:It is not so warm today as yesterday.
PS:在美式英語中通常用"not as...as..."
2）比較級
常用「比較級+than"表示同類事物進行比較，意為「比......更......」
eg:You're luckier than many people.
否認比較級可用"not +比較級+than"結構
eg:Our monitor didn't look healthier than you.
3)最高級
常用於「the+最高級+比較范圍」結構 比較范圍為短語或從句
eg:Helen is the shyest of them all.
一些形容詞的否定最高級也可用「the least+形容詞"
eg:This article is the least important in the book"
2.副詞比較等級的基本用法
副詞的比較等級形式的變化與形容詞打致相同，但以後綴-ly結尾的副詞的比較級和最高級大多在之前加上 more most
eg: hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
quickiy more quickiy most quickiy
carefully more carefully most carefully
PS:early末尾的-ly並非後綴，故其比較級和最高級不用more most
下列副詞的比較等級為不規則變化：
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
far farther farthest
further furthest
副詞比較等級的用法與形容詞比較等級的用法基本相同
1）原級
Kangkang did very well in English.
2)比較級
We work better and better than before.
3)最高級
Kangkang cuts (the)most finely.
(副詞最高級前常可省略the)
PS:比較級前可用much,far,still,a litte,a bit,a lot,even等詞語來修飾，表示不同程度
eg:She played the piano much more wonderfully than you.
PS:「the+比較級，the+比較級」表示「越......，越......」
eg:The more regularly we eat,the healthier we are.
4.狀語從句（Adverbial Clause)
在復合句中，修飾主句的動詞，形容詞或副詞的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句根據其用途可分為時間，條件，原因，結果，比較，目的和讓步狀語從句等，從句由從屬連詞引導。
1.時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when（當......的時候）；while（當......的時候）；before(在......以前）；after(在......之後）；as（當......的時候）；until(直到......為止）；till（直到......為止）；as soon as (一......就......）
eg:1.When he was a young man,he worked in the country.
2.While I was walking down the street yesterday,I saw a UFO.
3.Before I go on a trip,I will pack many things for it.
4.He didn't raise his head until someone called his name,
5.As soon as Darren saw his friends,he jumped up.
PS:when,as & while都可以表示「當......的時候」，而when既可表示「一個特定的時間」，也可表示「一段時間」；as多用於口語，強調「同一時間」或「一先一後」；while也可表示同一時間，但所表示的不是一點時間，而是一段時間，因此。謂語動詞常是延續性的，並且常用進行時。有時while可以與when，as互換。
2.條件狀語從句
由if（如果），unless（如果不......；除非......）引導的狀語從句叫做條件狀語從句。
eg:If everyone obeys the rules,the roads will be much safer,
We will go there next Saturday unless it rain.
PS:如果主句是一般將來時態或具有將來的含義，那麼時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞常用一般現在時態表示將來。
3.原因狀語從句
because,as,since,for均表示「因為」，「由於」。because語氣最強，用來回答以why引導的疑問句，可表示已知或未知的事實，它可以與強調詞only，just以及否定詞not連用。
eg:They didn't go to work on Monday morning because they felt tired.
as語氣較弱，較口語化，所表示的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實，故不需強調，as引導的從句多置於主句之前。
eg:As all the seats were full ,he had to stand there.
since語氣較弱，常表示對方已知的事實.
eg:Since you're going,I will go,too.
for一般表示理由，進一步說明，在漢語中也可譯為「因為」
eg:The day breaks,for the birds are singing.
4.結果狀語從句
1）so引導的狀語從句
eg:I don't have enough money so I can buy only one book.
so是連詞（表示因果關系），意為「因此，所以」
2）so...that...引導的狀語從句
eg:I was so tired that I couldn't go on any longer.
PS:so...that...在句子中的意思是「如此......以至......」。that後接的句子表示主句動作所導致的結果。
3）so that引導的結果狀語從句，在句子中的意思是「因此，所以」表示主句動作所導致的結果。
eg:Miss Wang planned very well so that her students enjoyed a good trip.
PS:so that也可以引導目的狀語從句，意為「以便，這樣，為了，目的是」，從句中的謂語常有may,might,can,could,will,would,should這類情態動詞，表示「可以，會」等含義。
eg:People first started wearing clothes so that they could protect themselves from the sun,wind,rain and cold.
樓主，還有動詞不定式和賓語從句的內容我沒打。因為實在是太長了，我的手指都麻木了，體諒下。
關於學習方法：
1.興趣是最好的老師，培養你對英語的興趣會很有幫助。
2.不恥下問。遇到不懂的地方和同學們討論。
3.多聽英語歌和英語磁帶，可鍛煉聽力.
4.上課認真做好筆記，切記字跡不可以潦草。
5.盡可能的多說英語，別怕出錯。
6.按照音標記單詞，多大聲讀幾遍，記單詞就易如反掌。
7.當老師叫你回答問題時，別緊張，把你心裡的答案大聲說出來。沒人會責怪你。
最後，希望你能學好英語。
㈣ 初二下半學期英語語法知識點
片語：
八年級下 Unit1
1. 免費 be free
3. 活到200歲 live to be 200 years old
5. 更少的污染 less pollution
7. 更少地使用地鐵 use the subway less
9. 更多的高樓 more tall buildings
11. 十年後 in ten years
13. 住的地方 places to live
15. 住在太空站 live on the space station
17. 住在公寓 live in an apartment
19. 一個人住 live alone/by oneself
21. 去滑冰 go skating
23. 看起來很時髦 look smart
25. 穿著隨意 dress casually
27. 實現 come true
29. 在未來 in the future
八年級下 Unit 2
argued with sb. 與某人生氣
have an argument with sb.與某人生氣
out of style 不時髦的
in style 時髦的
keep out 不讓……進入
call sb. up 打電話給……
on the phone 用電話交談
pay for 付款
part-time job 兼職工作
Teen Talk 青少年論壇
the same as 與…同樣的
get on 相處
as much as possible 盡可能多
all kinds of 各種
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out 找出
is popular at school 在學校受歡迎
except me 除了我
have a quick supper 去吃快餐
not……until 直到……才
try to do 試著去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to do
comparing…with 把…與…做比較
think for 為…著想
find it +adj.+to do sth.發現做某事很怎樣
learn to do 學會做某事
八年級下 Unit 3
barber shop 理發店
get out 出去
take off 起飛
train station 火車站
come in 進來
Beijing International Airport北京國際機場
hear about 聽說
take place 發生
World Trade Center世界貿易中心
as…as 和…一樣
in front of 在…的前面
clean my room打掃我的房間
sleep late 睡懶覺
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner 做晚飯
eat lunch 吃中午飯
cut hair 剪頭發
have…experience有…經歷
in the morning 在早晨
walk down 走下來
very surprised 非常驚奇
souvenir shop 紀念品商店
TV station 電視台
in the museum 在博物館
climb a tree 爬樹
jump down 跳下
take a photo 照相
called the police報警
rode his bicycle 騎自行車
buy a newspaper買一份報紙
run away 逃跑
think about 考慮…做某事
for example 舉例子
heard about 聽說
having fun 玩的高興
in silence 在…
told us 告訴我們
in space 在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to 挨著
1. arrive at/in
2. a TV reporter
3. in front of
4. in the front of
5. get out of
6. sleep late
7. in(at) the library
8. the Museum of Flight
9. buy a souvenir
10. call the police
11. call the TV station
12. call the newspaper
13. take off
14. an unusual experience
15. jump down from
16. take photos of
17. too scared
18. walk to school
19. in the tree
20. on the tree
21. police officer
22. at the doctor』s
23. go shopping( do some shopping)
24. a barber shop
25. on/in the playground
26. ten minutes ago
27. in silence
28. keep silent/quiet
29. take place
30. become a national hero
31. become/be famous for
32. become/be famous as
33. all over the world (in the world)
34. in turn
35. have fun (enjoy oneself)
36. on the moon
37. be murdered
38. be destroyed
39. on this day
40. hear about/of
41. be born
42. cut hair ( have one』s cut)
八年級下 Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高興
let in ` ```進來
stay at home 呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..幫助某人做某事
take away 拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party 在晚會上
go to college 去大學
be\become famous變的有名
Travel around the world環游世界
make money 掙錢
work hard 努力工作
A professional soccer player
一名職業足球運動員
seem like 看起來像
Make a living 謀生
all over the world世界各地
give money to 捐錢
All the time 一直
for a living 為``````謀生
get injured 受傷
in fact 事實上
Be able to 能夠
be going to
spend time 消磨時間
too much 太多
laugh at 笑話某人
go back
In order 為了``````
八年級下 Unit 9
be late for 遲到
look like 看起來象
in order 按順序
by noon 到中午為止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 瀏覽
waiting inline 排隊
really low 降低
tell sb. about yourself告訴某人有關你的事
a ball game fan 球迷
be friendly to sb.對某人友好
feel like 感覺像
a friend like you 像你一樣的朋友
get along 相處
thanks for 因……而感謝
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me 和我一起去
think of 想起
leave early 早早離開
at least 至少
be careful 小心
八年紀 下冊 Unit 10
most of 大多數
make sb. Laugh讓某人笑
like to do 喜歡做某事
like doing
both like 都喜歡
the same like 和``````一樣
for me 對我來說
get the job 上班
enjoy doing sth
make sb. do sth
want sb. to do sth.
let sb. to do sth.
take spend cost：
take spend cost 區別的用法都可以表示「花費」，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用於以下結構：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
(3)spend money for sth. 花錢買……。例：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示「值」， 常見用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一台新電腦要花一大筆錢。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋時間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。
注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,並且不能用於被動句。
take後面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
(1) It takes sb. ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。 希望能幫到你，雖然你只要語法總結，但是我把片語總結也給你了，應該能用到\(^o^)/~
㈤ 初二下學期英語語法重點
一．定義
語態是動詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者，或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態；如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時，常用被動語態，這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執行者，用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因，或是說為了更好地安排句子。如：
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了，若用它作主語，主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)
8種常用時態的被動語態
由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時：am/is/are +過去分詞。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時：am/is/are being +過去分詞。如：
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時：was/were/being +過去分詞。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時：will be +過去分詞。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時：would be +過去分詞。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時：have/has been +過去分詞。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時：had been +過去分詞。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時，發現票已賣完了。 給分哦，
㈥ 誰有初二英語下學期所有語法知識點 急求！
你要什麼版本的？？人教版？？
㈦ 八年級下冊英語的語法要點
八年級下 Unit1
1. 免費 be free
3. 活到200歲 live to be 200 years old
5. 更少的污染 less pollution
7. 更少地使用地鐵 use the subway less
9. 更多的高樓 more tall buildings
11. 十年後 in ten years
13. 住的地方 places to live
15. 住在太空站 live on the space station
17. 住在公寓 live in an apartment
19. 一個人住 live alone/by oneself
21. 去滑冰 go skating
23. 看起來很時髦 look smart
25. 穿著隨意 dress casually
27. 實現 come true
29. 在未來 in the future
八年級下 Unit 2
argued with sb. 與某人生氣
have an argument with sb.與某人生氣
out of style 不時髦的
in style 時髦的
keep out 不讓……進入
call sb. up 打電話給……
on the phone 用電話交談
pay for 付款
part-time job 兼職工作
Teen Talk 青少年論壇
the same as 與…同樣的
get on 相處
as much as possible 盡可能多
all kinds of 各種
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out 找出
is popular at school 在學校受歡迎
except me 除了我
have a quick supper 去吃快餐
not……until 直到……才
try to do 試著去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to do
comparing…with 把…與…做比較
think for 為…著想
find it +adj.+to do sth.發現做某事很怎樣
learn to do 學會做某事
八年級下 Unit 3
barber shop 理發店
get out 出去
take off 起飛
train station 火車站
come in 進來
Beijing International Airport北京國際機場
hear about 聽說
take place 發生
World Trade Center世界貿易中心
as…as 和…一樣
in front of 在…的前面
clean my room打掃我的房間
sleep late 睡懶覺
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner 做晚飯
eat lunch 吃中午飯
cut hair 剪頭發
have…experience有…經歷
in the morning 在早晨
walk down 走下來
very surprised 非常驚奇
souvenir shop 紀念品商店
TV station 電視台
in the museum 在博物館
climb a tree 爬樹
jump down 跳下
take a photo 照相
called the police報警
rode his bicycle 騎自行車
buy a newspaper買一份報紙
run away 逃跑
think about 考慮…做某事
for example 舉例子
heard about 聽說
having fun 玩的高興
in silence 在…
told us 告訴我們
in space 在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to 挨著
1. arrive at/in
2. a TV reporter
3. in front of
4. in the front of
5. get out of
6. sleep late
7. in(at) the library
8. the Museum of Flight
9. buy a souvenir
10. call the police
11. call the TV station
12. call the newspaper
13. take off
14. an unusual experience
15. jump down from
16. take photos of
17. too scared
18. walk to school
19. in the tree
20. on the tree
21. police officer
22. at the doctor』s
23. go shopping( do some shopping)
24. a barber shop
25. on/in the playground
26. ten minutes ago
27. in silence
28. keep silent/quiet
29. take place
30. become a national hero
31. become/be famous for
32. become/be famous as
33. all over the world (in the world)
34. in turn
35. have fun (enjoy oneself)
36. on the moon
37. be murdered
38. be destroyed
39. on this day
40. hear about/of
41. be born
42. cut hair ( have one』s cut)
八年級下 Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高興
let in ` ```進來
stay at home 呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..幫助某人做某事
take away 拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party 在晚會上
go to college 去大學
be\become famous變的有名
Travel around the world環游世界
make money 掙錢
work hard 努力工作
A professional soccer player
一名職業足球運動員
seem like 看起來像
Make a living 謀生
all over the world世界各地
give money to 捐錢
All the time 一直
for a living 為``````謀生
get injured 受傷
in fact 事實上
Be able to 能夠
be going to
spend time 消磨時間
too much 太多
laugh at 笑話某人
go back
In order 為了``````
八年級下 Unit 9
be late for 遲到
look like 看起來象
in order 按順序
by noon 到中午為止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 瀏覽
waiting inline 排隊
really low 降低
tell sb. about yourself告訴某人有關你的事
a ball game fan 球迷
be friendly to sb.對某人友好
feel like 感覺像
a friend like you 像你一樣的朋友
get along 相處
thanks for 因……而感謝
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me 和我一起去
think of 想起
leave early 早早離開
at least 至少
be careful 小心
八年紀 下冊 Unit 10
most of 大多數
make sb. Laugh讓某人笑
like to do 喜歡做某事
like doing
both like 都喜歡
the same like 和``````一樣
for me 對我來說
get the job 上班
enjoy doing sth