⑴ 一般過去時用法
A say goes 是一般現在時,A say went 是一般過去時。
一般過去時的基本用法:一般過去時表示過專去某個時間屬發生的動作或存在的狀態,也可表示過去經常或反復發生的動作。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。
例如:I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。My father was very busy last week. 我父親上周很忙。
(1)It's said that+句子意思是:據說,俗話說…
(2)As the saying goes 俗話說
(3)There is a saying that有一句俗話說
(4)There is an old saying that.或者There is a proverb that俗話說,有一句諺語/有一句俗話說
⑵ 英語中過去式的語法
1)陳述句:
a.肯定句:主語+動詞的過去式+其他.
b.否定句:主語+助動詞回didn』t+動詞原形+其他.
2) 一般疑問句答:助動詞Did+主語+動詞原形+其他?
3) 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞What+助動詞did+主語+動詞原形+其他?
⑶ 英語過去式語法
一般動詞直接加-ed,e.g.look-looked;
以e結尾的動詞直接加-d,e.g.dance-danced;
輔音字母加y結尾的,變y為i再加回ed,e.g.study-studied;
以重讀閉音節答結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母(字母w,y,x除外),雙寫這個輔音字母加-ed,e.g.skip-skipped;
以l結尾的動詞,若以非重讀音節結尾,則末尾的字母l雙寫與不雙寫均可。其中不雙寫的是美式拼寫。e.g.travel-travelled/traveled(U.S.)。
部分以-p結尾的動詞同樣遵循第5條,這類詞多由「前綴+名詞」構成。e.g.worship-worshipped/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(U.S.)。
⑷ 英語:一般過去時和現在進行時語法知識(包括語法及例句)!!!!!!!!!!!!
現在完成時
過去發生並且已經完成的動作對現在造成影響或後果
過去某一時間開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態
句型
基本結構:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)
過去分詞
1 、規則動詞:規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同。四點變化規則:
(1)、一般動詞,在詞尾直接加「 ed 」。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以「 e 」結尾的動詞,只在詞尾加「 d 」。
live---lived--- lived ,
(3)、以「輔音字母 + y 」結尾的動詞,將 "y" 變為 "i" ,再加「 ed 」。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
(4)、重讀閉音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加「 ed 」。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不規則動詞:
AAA型
原型 過去式 過去分詞
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
let let let
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情況
read read read
read原形發音為/ri:d/,過去式和過去分詞發音為/red/
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig g g
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
win won won
ABC型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
用法
(1)現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現在桌子已經擺好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含義是:現在仍然很虛弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現在已在此地)
(2)現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(be動詞表示)常與for(+時間段),since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注(超重要):瞬間動詞(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
open-be open
die-be dead
………………
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用「be+形容詞」代終止性動詞
1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill
3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用「be+副詞」代終止性動詞
1「be+on」代start,begin
2「be+up」代get up
3「be+back(to)」代return to,come back to,go back to
4「be here (there)」代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用「be+介詞短語」代終止性動詞
1.「be in/at +地點」代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.「be in/at +地點」代替move to
常用瞬間動詞變延續性動詞表:
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相應的介詞
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up;
7. have died → have been dead;
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;
11. havemarried → have been married;
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven』t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party』s member/the league member/the soldier…
注意: 1.現在完成時不能單獨與准確時間連用,(如表示過去的時間狀語)
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非與for,since連用.
2.現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用
,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑問), just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作.
We have had four texts this semester.
6.現在完成時的"完成用法"
現在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻並已結束,但該動作對現在產生了影響,與現在情況具有因果關系。
例如:He has turned off the light.他已把燈關了。(動作結束於過去,但說明的是現在的情況--燈現在不亮了。)
現在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續,因此,該時態只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如:never,ever,once等)、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)連用。
例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?
7.現在完成時的"未完成用法"
現在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始於過去某一時刻,一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動作起始於1978年,一直住到現在,可能還要繼續住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。(動作開始於5年前,一直延續至今,有可能還要繼續下去。)
此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導),或表示與現在時刻相連的時間狀語(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)現在完成時的未完成用法只適用於延續性動詞,不可用於終止性動詞,即瞬間完成或延續時間很短的動詞。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.一段時間+has passed+since從句
9. 現在完成時常和短語 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是從過去某一確定的時間一直延續到現在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已讀過好多故事書。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到紐約去過三次。
10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區別
gone:去了沒回
been to :去過
been in:呆了很久
11.不能與when連用
一般過去時和現在完成時
( 1 )、一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式,而現在完成時的謂語基本構成是「助動詞 have/ has + 過去分詞」。
(2) 、一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而現在完成時則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副詞和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段時間的狀語連用。
試比較以下幾組句子,有什麼區別:
① A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
分析:你看過這部電影嗎?( A )句強調的是被問者對劇情是否了解;( B )句強調的是看這部電影的動作是否發生過,並不強調是否知道其內容。
② A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
分析:他是怎麼做的這件事?( A )句強調的是他做這件事的方式對現在產生了某種影響;( B )句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。
③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
分析:他在北京住了 8 年。( A )句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了 8 年,可能還會繼續在北京住下去。( B )句講的是他在北京住過 8 年,現在已經不在北京了。
(2)現在完成時強調過去發生的動作對現在的影響和結果,而一般過去時與現在沒有聯系,只是說明某個動作發生的時間是在過去。
比:I have washed the car. 我洗過了車。(看上去很漂亮)
I washed the car a moment ago.我剛才洗過車了。
She has watered the flowers.她已經澆了花。(不需要再澆了)
She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天澆的花。
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已經寫好了,但還沒有寄出。
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago.我上周寫的那封信,3天前寄出的。
(3)現在完成時表示的動作或狀態延續到現在並可能延續下去,而一般過去時則單純表示過去某段時間內的經歷。
比:It has rained for five hours. 雨已經下了5個小時了。
It rained for five hours yesterday.昨天下了5個小時的雨。
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已經兩個小時了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home.他等她等了兩個小時,然後就回家了。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我已經復習了兩課。(說話時還在上午)
I reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我復習了兩課。(說話時已是下午或晚上)
⑸ 英文過去式的語法怎麼用
第一個,因為後邊是yesterday
,所以句子要用過去式,do過去式是did,你想表達沒有作業,那就內did後邊加not就好了容,再有,記住,助動詞後邊要用動詞原形,did,did
not
,
does
,doesn't
……+動詞原形
⑹ 關於過去式的語法
一般過去式的用法:
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內所發生的動作或情況,通回常一般過去式帶有表示動答作時間狀語的詞,片語或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。
I worked in that factory last year.
去年我在那一家工廠工作。
⑺ 請問英語一般過去時的所有語法問題
一般過去時表現在
1. 在賓語從句中,由於時態呼應的關系,可用一般過去時表示現在。如:
I didn』t know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。(were實際上指現在)
I didn』t know you were so busy.我沒想到你這么忙。(were實際上指現在)
2. 表示客氣委婉的現在。如:
I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。
I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也許想要些花。
【注】能這樣有的動詞主要限於want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數動詞。
3. 用於某些特殊結構中表示現在
It』s time we started. 我們該動身了。
I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I』d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得離我們近點。
【注】該用法主要用於it』s time, I wish, I』d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少數結構後接從句的情形,其中有些結構後面的句子還可用一般過去時表示將來。如:
I』d rather you come next Monday. 我寧願你下周星期一來。
另外表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過去時表示現在。如:
If I had the money now I』d buy a car. 假若我現在有錢,我就買輛小汽車。
[編輯本段]一般過去式
1.概念:
過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;
2.時間狀語:
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:
be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
4.否定形式
:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:
was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句:
She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
一般過去時表示(1)過去某個特定時間發生,並且一下子就完成了的動作(即:非持續性動作),也可以表示(2)過去習慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調動作對現在的影響,只說明過去。
句式:主語+過去動詞+其他
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒煙的那陣子,
抽煙抽得可凶了。(2)
一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, ring the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
句子中謂語動詞是用一般過去時還是用現在完成時,取決於動作是否對現在有影響。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎?(意思是說你現在不餓嗎?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已經吃過了。(意思是說已經吃飽了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什麼時候吃的?(關心的是吃的動作發生在何時。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大約十分鍾以前吃的。
Used to do something 表示過去常做而現在已經停止了的習慣動作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個小時。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六點四十五分吃了。
一般過去時的基本用法
1 帶有確定的過去時間狀語時,要用過去時
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天)、once upon a time(過去曾經)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過去的日子裡)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(當我八歲時…)、at+一個時間點
Did you have a party the other day?
前幾天,你們開了晚會了嗎?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷鋒是個好戰士。
注意
在談到已死去的人的情況時,多用過去時。
2 表示過去連續發生的動作時,要用過去時
這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒,看看船長,然後就去世了。
3 表示過去一段時間內經常或反復的動作
常與always,never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說明她過去的動作,不表明她現在是否常帶著傘。)
比較
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是帶著傘。
(說明這是她的習慣,表明她現在仍然還習慣總帶著一把傘)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到現在,不說明現在是否喝酒)
4 如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do
He used to drink.
他過去喝酒。
(意味著他現在不喝酒了。喝酒這個動作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我過去是在早晨散步。
(意味著現在不在早晨散步了)
比較:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾經在早晨散過步。
(只是說明過去這一動作)
5 有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,但實際上是指過去發生的動作或存在的狀態的話,也要用過去時,這一點,我們中國學生往往出錯,要特別注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因為在說話時,我已經知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時表示。實際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。
(這句話應是在說話之前,我以為你病了。但是現在我知道你沒病)
辨別正誤
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句變為一般疑問句)
(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(動詞應該用原形)
(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(時態應該用原句子的時態)
(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(應該用一般動詞,而不是be動詞)
(О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
一過:在過去發生的動作。
主動:
肯定① be 分為was,were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn』t+v
疑問① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
時狀:
1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
2. the day before yesterday
3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世紀)
4. ago
5.in 1980 (過去年份)
6.this morning/afternoon/evening
7.when引導的狀語從句 (過去)
8.in the past
9.just now
10.the other day -- a few days ago
11.at the age of 10 (過去年齡段)
12.in the old days
......(未完待續)
動詞過去式規則變化
1 直接加ed
2 以不發音的e結尾的,+d
3 以輔音字母+y結尾的,變y為i加ed
4 以重讀閉音節結尾的,雙寫最後的輔音字母+ed
不規則變化
例如相等 eg:cut cut
read read<註:read和read讀音不同!>
sit sat
——————————————————————————
句型結構
1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑問句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night?
一般過去時口訣
一般過去時並不難,表示過去動作、狀態記心間。
動詞要用過去式,時間狀語句末站。
否定句很簡單,didn't 站在動詞原形前,其它部分不要變。
一般疑問句也好變,did放在句子前,主語、動詞原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑問句也簡單,疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。
最後一條請注意,動詞過去式要牢記。
O(∩_∩)O~,希望對你有幫助,不懂得還可以繼續追問
⑻ 英語語法!過去式
to後面必須是動詞原形啊
had已經表示過去了 study不用變,原形就好
⑼ 一般過去式的語法問題
地點狀語可以暗示過去或包括特定的時間。如你人在上海
你說
我在北京過得愉快
這就暗示過去
其實一般過去時是英語中最保險的時態
用一般過去時
犯錯較少。
不但地點狀語可以暗示過去
不少動詞本身也暗示過去。
總之,除了過去時間狀語外,還要根據特定語境
上下文
判定是否是一般過去時。