『壹』 跪求新目標英語初三全冊的語法和重點語法
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈！
九年級英語復習---語法講解（-7單元）
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。
否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化： 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：
二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下： 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什麼時態，全句就是什麼時態，be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如：我們學過的was / were born 生於，就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰，不用by＋動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
（2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
（3）作客觀說明時，常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是：（1）把原句中的賓語變為主語（2）動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞（3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by後面，如果沒必要，可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can』t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。
1．定語從句中that與who、which的區別
2．定語從句中關系詞的省略
典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析：指事物的先行詞前有序數詞修飾時，只能用關系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。
2. I don』t think history is as interesting as English.（改為同義詞）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是「我認為歷史不如英語有趣」。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改為同義句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：讀題後可知：上句含義是「戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽」，對應下句，可知空格處應填「戴」，故正確答案是in。
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which B．what C．who D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which B．what C．／ D．who
3. I』m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what B．which C．why D．that
Unit7
表達意願的幾個基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to b. I』d like to c. I』d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （對劃線部分提問）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中為副詞，go後面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞。
九年級英語復習---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
『貳』 新目標九年級英語語法
·英語語法大全
http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/Index/
·英語語法
http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/
·英語語法（視頻+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/Flash/68/
·台灣版英語語法動畫（視頻+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/183/
·薄冰實用英語語法詳解A（聽力MP3+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/372/
·賴世雄英語語法（音頻+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/laishixiong/632/
·李陽瘋狂英語突破語法（音頻+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/crazyenglish/677/
·初中英語語法
http://www.rrting.com/English/juniormaterials/705/
·李陽瘋狂英語突破語法附字幕（音頻+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/crazyenglish/2087/
·每日英語語法
http://www.rrting.com/English/xxzl/1806/
·英語語法視頻教程（視頻+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/Flash/1306/
·高中英語語法講座
http://www.rrting.com/English/seniormaterials/1155/
·英語語法大全視頻全集
http://www.rrting.com/English/Englishmessage/1057/
·薄冰實用英語1語法詳解C（聽力MP3+文本）
http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/817/
·薄冰實用英語語法詳解B
http://www.rrting.com/English/grammar/815/
『叄』 新課標初中英語語法 有哪些越全越好
重點：
完成時態、被動、反義疑問句、定語從句、狀語從句、虛擬語氣、選擇疑問句。
『肆』 初三中考或者初中英語考試的所有語法。
你買本初中語法不就都有了 這玩意兒怎麼可能幾句話說得完。三大從句、非謂語動詞、虛擬倒裝、交際用語、特殊句式，還有名詞的、冠詞的、形容詞副詞、動詞、連詞...不都要考么
『伍』 九年級英語基本語法知識
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。 否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short. 馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法 英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化：
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被動語態
被動語態基本用法：當句子的主語是動作的執行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態。被動語態由助動詞be+過去分詞構成，時態通過be表現出來。
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (如果是不用物動詞，其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
各種時態的被動語態構成
一般現在時：S（主語）+am/is /are +P.P（動詞的過去分詞）
一般過去時：S+was/were +P.P.
情態動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般將來時：S+ will+be+ P.P.
現在進行時：S+am/is /are+being +P.P
現在完成時：S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
過去進行時：S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞
(如果是不用物動詞，其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
被動語態中的be 是助動詞，有人稱、數和時態的變化。
被動語態中動作的發出者或執行者做介詞by的賓語，放在句末，by 表示「由，被」的意思
漢語中含有「據說」、「據悉」、「有人說」、「大家說」等時。例如：
It is believed that …… 人們認為 …… It is said that …… 據說 ……
It is thought that …… 人們認為 …… It is known that …… 眾所周知 ……
It is reported that ……據報道 …… It is proved that ……據證明 ……
It is announced that ……據宣布 …… It is suggested that ……據建議 ……
It is requested that ……據要求 …… It is demanded that ……據要求 ……
典型例題
1、 These eggs ______ in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.
A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found
此題應該選用D項。從「 These eggs… 」中可知前面的主語是「find」動詞的承受者，而 「…by a group of scientists.」更加證明了這一點，「 were founded」意思為「被成立」，故應該選用「were found」。
2、 I _____ a present by my father on my birthday every year.
A. give B. was given C. will be given D. am given
此題應該選用D項。從「by my father 」中可知前面的主語是「give」動詞的承受者，而 「… . every year」證明了要用現在時態的被動語態結構，故應該選用「am given」。
3、 He was _________ in the open air just now .
A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing
此題應該選用C項。從「He was… 」中可知前面的主語是「hear 」動詞的承受者，而 動詞不定式當中的「hear sb do sth」在被動語態中要加「to 」，故應該選用「heard to sing」。
4、 Several man-made satellites ________ by China in the last few years.
A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up
此題應該選用A項。從「…by China in the last few years. 」中可知前面的主語是「 send up」動詞的承受者，而 「in the last few years.」意思為「在過去的幾年中」，應該用完成時態， 而不是過去時態，故應該選用「have been sent up」。
5、 Another new road ______in our home town next year.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
此題應該選用C項。從「…next year. 」中可知是將來時態，而前面的主語是「 Another new road」是「 build」動詞的承受者，故應該選用「 will be built」。
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
1. 過去完成時
(1) 構成：由助動詞had + 過去分詞 構成
否定式：had not + 過去分詞 縮寫形式：hadn』t
(2) 用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了
的動作。
(3) 它所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。
①表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句來表示
③還可以通過賓語從句或通過上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.
當我到達那裡時，你已經開始吃了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left.
到他到達這里時，汽車已經離開了
典型題例
1、He said he had never seen that film before. Instead,he_____many novels.
A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read
此題應該選用D項。從「He said he had never seen that film before 」中
可知是過去完成時態，而從「 Instead,」中可以知道與前面的賓語從句是並列的內容，故應該選用「had read」。
2、The train ______ for a while when they got to the station.
A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D. has been away
此題應該選用B項。從「for a while 」中可知要用完成時態的持續性動
詞連接，而從「when they got to the station. 」中可以知道過去時間點以前的事情，應該用故應該選用「had been away 」。
3、A week later, I received a book that I _____ on line.
A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering
此題應該選用B項。從「I received a book 」中可知與動詞「order 」的
前後關系，應該是在「收到書以前已經預訂了」，故應該用「order」的過去完成時態結構表示「過去的過去」這一概念。故應該選用「had ordered」。
4、The boy told his mother that he ____ ill since he came back from the school.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
此題應該選用C項。從「 …since he came back from the school.」中可知前面的主句是完成時態，但是從「The boy told his mother 」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態，，故應該選用「had been」。
5、When we got to the field, the football match ____ already ______.
A. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start
此題應該選用B項。從「already 」中可知是完成時態，但是從「 When we got to the field」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態，故應該選用「had started 」。
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?
1、賓語從句
A.賓語從句：賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語，引導賓語從句的關聯詞有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
1、連接詞
1)由連接詞that引導陳述句，在口語中that常省略。
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由連接詞whether/if引導一般疑問句，whether和if 常可互換，但下列場合一般用whether.
①介詞後的賓語從句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
②與or not連用：I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由連接代詞what, who(whom，whose)which或連接副詞when, where, why，how引導特殊疑問句。 eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、語序：
不管賓語從句是陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，都要用陳述句語序，也就是說主謂次序不能顛倒。連接詞＋主謂結構
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、時態：
一般說來，主從句時態要統一。如果主句是一般現在時，從句可根據需要用其它任何時態；如果主句是一般過去時，從句應該用相應的過去時態范疇（也就是用一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果從句表明的是一個客觀事實或真理，那麼無論主句是什麼時態，從句都只能用一般現在時。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意：在think後的賓語從句，如果需要表示否定意義，一般不在賓語從句中否定，而是在主句中否定。 eg. I don』t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 誤)
Could you tell me how to get to the park?
請你告訴我怎麼才能去郵局好嗎？中的how to get to the park
是疑問詞與動詞不定式連用，用作賓語，但不是賓語從句，可是
相當於how I can get to the park（賓語從句）如：
I don』t know how to solve the problem. ==
I don』t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解決這個問題
Can you tell me when to leave? ==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告訴我什麼時候離開？
Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands.
should have asked」是「情態動詞＋現在完成時」表示過去本應該做某事，事實上沒有做
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式賓語 真正賓語
常見的形式賓語有：
find / think + it/them +形容詞 to do sth. 如：
I think it hard to study English.
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人（感到），使……處於某種狀態
（make的賓語之後可跟名詞，形容詞，分詞來充當賓語的補足語）
make sb. / sth. + do …使某人做某事（不能帶不定式符號to）
make it 習慣用語，及時趕到，到達目的地
make of /from./out of
★Make of 原材料製成成品後，原材料未經任何化學變化，仍保持原有性質. 例如： The chair is made of wood. At first people believed that air was made of only one gas.★Make from 當原材料製成成品後，經過了化學變化，失去了原有性質.
make up of 常用於被動結構：be made up of相當於consist of（由…組成） make up from 由…所製造
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
現在完成時是由「助動詞have（has）+動詞過去分詞」構成。
用法: 1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等連用,也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語,如these days, today, this year, so far等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已經不在我這兒了)
★注意：在這里要注意already和yet的辨析:
★①already通常用於肯定句。 I have already told him.我已經告訴他了. I have already put it in my suitcase. 我已經把它放進我的手提箱了.
★②yet常用於疑問句和否定句。 ----Have you watered the tree yet? 你澆樹了嗎? ----Yes，I have already watered it. 我澆了. ----Have you fed the dog? 你喂過狗了嗎? ----No. I haven』t fed it yet.沒有，我沒喂. 2.表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,一直持續到現在,也許還將繼續下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for +時間段,since+時間點/從句, in the last ten years等,謂語只可用延續性動詞.
解析： 1.英語動詞根據詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示動作的發生與結束於一瞬間完成,不能再延續,所以它的現在完成時不能和表示延續的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段, since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導的特殊疑問句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動詞要表示持續時, 可用以下方法:
⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段 + ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.
eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應的狀態動詞或延續性動詞
★常見終止性動詞與延續性動詞(或狀態動詞)的對應關系如下：
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
3.現在完成時中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經歷,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等連用.
4.現在完成時中的 for 與 since
for + 時間段 與延續性動詞的現在完成時連用 since + 時間點/從句
I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is /has been +一段時間 + since 從句.自從某事發生已有一段時間了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引導的從句中動詞用過去時
2.when 引導 的特殊問句不與現在完成時連用.
3.have got,has got 雖然是現在完成時,但have got=have has got==has
『陸』 初中九年級英語語法
leave sb by oneself 獨自留下某人
needn't=don't have to 不需
it's+形容詞+to do sth
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事
let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得開心
tell sb (not)to do sth 告訴某人做某事
ask sb (not)to do sth 詢問某人做某事
be(not)+形容詞+enouth+to do sth
be+too+形容詞+to do sth
take care of=look after 照顧
each+of 固定搭配
as soon as 一……就
want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn
以上詞語後跟to do sth
finish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise
以上詞語後跟doing sth
stop,forget,remember
以上詞語後可跟to do sth也可跟doing sth。比如「forget to do sth」意思是「忘記去做某事(表示事情還沒做)」,「forget doing sth」則表示「忘了做過某事(表示事情已經做了)」,如此類推,其餘兩個用法相同。
see sb doing sth 看見某人正在做某事
see sb do sth 看見過某人做某事
make it+形容詞+to do sth
enjoy/help/teach+oneself 靠自己
reach=get to=arrive in/at 注:arrive in表示到達較大的地方,比如一個國家,一座城市等;arrive at表示到達較小的地方,如學校,電影院等。
have been to 曾經去過某地(現在已經回來了)
have been in 一直在某地(現在仍在某地)
have gone to 去了某地(現在正在去的途中,還沒回來)
現在完成時:have(has)+動詞過去分詞
look forword to+動詞ing
diveded into 把……分成
a little=a bit of 一點點
too……to+動詞原形
現在完成時的動詞短語變化:
began→be on
come/arrive→be here
go/leave→be away
buy→have
die→be dead
borrow→keep
join→be a member(in)
in+一段時間 表示將來
將來時表達形式:be going to do sth=will do sth=be doing sth
do one's best = try one's best 盡力去做某事
afraid to +動詞
afraid of +名詞
use to do sth 過去常做某事
didn't use to do = usen't to do 過去不做某事
no longer = not any longer 現在不做某事
fill with = be full of 裝滿
go to bed 上床去睡覺
go to sleep 入睡
fall asleep 從上床到入睡的全過程(動態)
be asleep 睡著(靜態)
on+具體某天的早上/下午/晚上
make out of 用……做出
a bit + 形容詞
a bit of + 名詞
a few (用於可數名詞肯定句)
few (用於可數名詞否定句)
a little (用於不可數名詞肯定句)
little (用於不可數名詞否定句)
many (用於可數名詞)
much (用於不可數名詞)
bit (可數與不可數兩者均可)
one 一個
ones 復數
another 另外一個
the other 兩個裡面剩下的一個,表單數
others (除了一部分)其中的一部分
the others 剩下所有的,表復數
other+名詞
fall asleep = stay awake 熬夜
did(not)……until 知道……才(不)做
常用句型:
both...and 兩者都
neither...nor 兩者都不
either...or 不是……就是,表示兩者選擇其中一者
...
『柒』 初三新標准英語句型語法（帶中文翻譯的）好的多賞分
句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
張老師是我曾經遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive ecation.
沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎麼強調...的重要性也不為過。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否認的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否認的，我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫無疑問的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our ecational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的優點是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won』t create (proce) any pollution.
使用太陽能的優點是它不會製造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 （如此...以致於...）
例句：So precious is time that we can』t afford to waste it.
時間是如此珍貴，我們經不起浪費它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~~~ （雖然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不}
雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V,
~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V,
~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈進步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學問。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借著...，..能夠..）
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借著做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受詞）+ to + V （..使..能夠..）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我們絕對不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。
十五、It is time + S + 過去式 （該是...的時候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
該是有關當局採取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
違反交通規定的人應該受處罰。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （沒有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
沒有人不渴望上大學。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子 （明顯的）
It is apparent that + 句子 （顯然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don』t like it.
夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 時間，S + 現在完成式...（過去...年來，...一直...）
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
過去兩年來，我一直忙著准備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過去式，S + 現在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自從他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.
幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以...為基礎）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社會的進步是以和諧為基礎的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遺餘力的）
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應該不遺餘力的美化我們的環境。
還有下面這些是我正在讀的一些原版書里的好句子
You can never have too much sky. You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad. Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky. Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful. Still, we take what we can get and make the best of 。你永遠不能擁有太多的天空。你可以在天空下睡去，醒來又沉醉。在你憂傷的時候，天空會給你安慰。可是憂傷太多，天空不夠，蝴蝶不夠，花兒也不夠。大多美好的東西都不夠。於是，我們去我們所能，好好的享用。——《芒果街上的小屋》
IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that （a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.）這是一條舉世皆知的真理，那就是...（套進去^^）——《傲慢與偏見》
There is no royal road to (science.) ......路上無坦途。——馬克思。
一般現在時：
句子結構：肯定句 主語＋be (am, is, are ) +其他
否定句 主語＋be not +其他
疑問句 Be＋主語＋其他
或： 肯定句 主語＋動詞原型＋其他 ( 第三人稱單數作主語動詞要加「s」 )
否定句 主語＋don』t+動詞原型＋其他（第三人稱單數作主語don』t改為doesn』t）
疑問句 DO+主語＋動詞原型＋其他（第三人稱單數作主語do改為doess）
關鍵詞：sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon, at 10 o』clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等。
註：在時間壯語從句、條件壯語從句中，常用一般現在時表示將來時，這時一般從句用一般現在時，主句用將來時
現在進行時：
句子結構：肯定句 主語＋be +動詞的現在分詞＋其他
否定句 主語＋be not+動詞的現在分詞＋其他
疑問句 Be +主語＋動詞的現在分詞＋其他
關鍵詞：now, right now, at the moment, It』s+幾點鍾等的句子。或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語。
一般將來時：
句子結構： 肯定句 主語＋will+動詞原型＋其他
否定句 主語＋will not +動詞原型＋其他
疑問句 Will +主語＋動詞原型＋其他
(will 可改為be going to ,當主語是第一人稱時will可用shall)
關鍵詞：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o』clock tomorrow evening, next year,
at ten o』clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days』 time, in the future 等。
一般過去時：
句子結構：肯定句 主語＋be（was，were）＋其他
否定句 主語＋be not＋其他
疑問句 Be＋主語＋其他
或： 肯定句 主語＋動詞的過去式＋其他
否定句 主語＋did not＋動詞原型＋其他
疑問句 Did＋主語＋動詞原型＋其他
關鍵詞：yesterday，yesterday morning等 ，last week, last year, at the end of last term,
一段時間＋ago如：ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等。
Just now，in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等。
過去進行時：
句子結構: 肯定句 主語＋was/were+動詞的現在分詞＋其他
否定句 主語＋was/were not ＋動詞的現在分詞＋其他
疑問句 Was/Were + 主語＋ 動詞的現在分詞＋其他
關鍵詞：具體時間＋過去的時間壯語 如：at ten o』clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等。
現在完成時：
句子結構：肯定句 主語＋have/has+動詞的過去分詞＋其他（第三人稱單數用has）
否定句 主語＋have/has not+動詞的過去分詞＋其他
疑問句 Have/Has + 主語 ＋ 動詞的過去分詞＋其他
關鍵詞：already, yet, just, ever, never ，so far, for +一段時間，since＋過去的時間或過去時從句。或this year alone「今年以來」，these five years alone「這五年以來」，in the last ten years 「在過去的十年中」等。
過去將來時：
句子結構§ ： 肯定句 主語＋ would＋ 動詞原型＋其他
否定句 主語＋ would not + 動詞原型＋ 其他
疑問句 Would+主語＋動詞原型＋其他
(would可改為was/were going to ,主語第一人稱時would可用should)
過去將來時主要用在賓語從句中。
過去完成時：
句子結構： 肯定句 主語＋had ＋ 動詞的過去分詞＋其他
否定句 主語＋had not +動詞的過去分詞＋其他
疑問句 Had＋主語＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他
關鍵詞：by＋過去某一時間點 如：by last year, by the end of+過去某一時間點 如：by the end of last year, before+過去某一時間點,by the time +從句，或賓語從句中。
『捌』 初三英文語法（要最詳細的~）
初三語法講義
一．動詞（一）名詞
名詞分類：可數名詞，不可數名詞可數名詞變復數
1． 在名詞詞尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x結尾的名詞，加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o結尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以輔音字母加y結尾的，去掉y，加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe結尾的，去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改變形式的復數
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.單數復數形式一樣
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊詞彙的復數
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可數名詞沒有數的概念
名詞所有格
1．一般情況』s
2．表示時間、距離、城市、國家
today』s paper at arms』 length a mile』s journey
Beijing』s weather China』s economy
3．of表示所有格 4．雙重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
（二）代詞
人稱代詞 人稱 單數 復數 主格 賓格
第一人稱
I me we us
第二人稱
you you you you
第三人稱
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代詞
單數復數第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名詞性物主代詞
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代詞人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
復數ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代詞each other/one another
不定代詞another/other/others
（三）數詞
基數詞
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正確數詞+hundred 正確
Hundred of 錯誤數詞+hundreds 錯誤數詞+hundreds of 錯誤
序數詞First second third fourth….
分數1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
（四）冠詞不定冠詞
例句用於可數名詞單數形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示「一」的數量，但沒有one強烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用於固定片語中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠詞
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
雙方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提過的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
獨一無二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序數詞和形容詞最高級前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名詞構成的專有名詞前
The Great Wall
習慣用語
In the morning
On the left
零冠詞
用法
例句
專有名詞和不可數名詞前
China
名詞已經有定語this, that, my, your, some, any等
That letter is in her bag.
復數名詞表示一類人或物
My father and mother are teachers.
星期、月份、季節、節日前
It is Sunday today.
稱呼前
What colour are Mrs. Green』s shoes?
三餐和球類運動前
He went to school before breakfast this morning.
（五）介詞
多數考察為固定搭配，需要死記硬背
（六）形容詞與副詞
規則變化
構成方法
原級
比較級
最高級
單音節和少數雙音 節詞
一般在詞尾加-er/est
Cold
Strong
Fast
slow
Colder
Stronger
Faster
slower
Coldest
Strongest
Fastest
slowest
以字母e結尾的形容詞，在詞尾加-r/-st
Nice
large
Nicer
larger
Nicest
largest
重讀閉音節詞只有一個輔音字母時雙寫輔音字母，加-er/-est
Big
Thin
hot
Bigger
Thinner
hotter
Biggest
Thinnest
hottest
以輔音字母+y結尾的雙音節詞改y為i加-er/est
Easy
happy
Easier
happier
Easiest
happiest
部分雙音節詞
在詞前面加more/most
Delicious
Interesting
Easily
Carefully
More Delicious
More Interesting
More Easily
More Carefully
Most Delicious
Most Interesting
Most Easily
Most Carefully
不規則變化
原級
比較級
最高級
Good/well
Bad/badly/ill
Many/much
Little
far
Better
Worse
more
Less
Father
further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
furthest
形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的用法
級
用法
例句
比較級
表示兩者的比較
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.
最高級
表示三者或者三者以上的比較
Whose drawing is the best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
同級比較
I think science is as important as maths.
It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.
二．動詞
（一） 時態
1．一般現在時
三單變形
情況
變化規則
例詞
一般情況
加-s
come, comes; learn, learns
以o,s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞
加-es
pass, passes; do, does
以輔音加y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
fly, flies; cry, cries
2.現在進行時
現在分詞構成方法
情況及變化
例詞
一般情況，在動詞原形後加-ing
go, going; see, seeing
以不發音的e結尾的動詞去掉e加-ing
take, taking; live, living
以重讀閉音節結尾的詞，如果詞尾只有一個輔音字母，先把詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加-ing
plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting
以ie結尾的詞變ie為y加-ing
die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying
以ye和oe結尾的詞，直接加-ing
eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing
3.一般將來時
shall
will
be going to
4一般過去時
規則動詞過去構成
構成規則
原形
過去式
一般動詞在尾加-ed
look
play
start
looked
played
stared
結尾是e的動詞加-d
live
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節，雙寫輔音字母，加-ed
stop
plan
trip
stopped
planned
tripped
結尾是輔音字母+y的動詞，變y為i加-ed
study
carry
worry
studied
carried
worried
詞尾 –ed的讀音
讀音
例詞
濁輔音和母音後
/d/
called borrowed
moved enjoyed
welcomed answered
清輔音後
/t/
finished helped
passed cooked
在t, d後面
/id/
wanted shouted
needed counted
5．過去進行時
was/were+現在分詞
6．現在完成時
have/has+過去分詞
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到現在，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去發生的事情而不用一般過去時，特點：不用延續動詞，不加段時間狀語
構成
7．過去完成時
時間軸：
--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à
A B C
過去的過去 過去 現在
（過去完成時態）
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到過去一時間，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去的過去發生的事情
8．過去將來時
不是考試的重點
（二） 被動語態
使用情況：不知道誰是主語
不強調主語
用來表示客觀的表達
構成：助動詞be+過去分詞
有些動詞主動語態中省略了不定式在變為被動語態時要講TO補充出來（非謂語動詞重點講解）
（三） 情態動詞
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
dare/need
dare
肯定
否定
情態動詞
dare do
dare not do
實意動詞
dare/dares to do
do/does not dare to do
need
肯定
否定
情態動詞
need do
need not do
實意動詞
need / need s to do
do/does not need to do
may/can
may表示許可
can 表示自身能力
can/be able to區別
a) Can只有現在和過去兩個時態，be able to可以是任何時態
b) Can 不強調結果一定成功，be able to暗示結果一定成功
must表示必須，否定用needn』t
mustn』t表示禁止
（四） 非謂語動詞
1． 不定式to do
否定不定式為not to do
可以省略不定式to的詞
let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to
注意：在以上詞出現在被動句中時要將to補充出來
2． 現在分詞與過去分詞
flying bird可以表達成the bird is flying.
broken arm可以表達成 the arm is broken
現在分詞強調過程，過去分詞強調結果
falling leaf/fallen leaf
boiling water/boiled water
3.動詞後加動詞的不同形式
(1)、加to doing
devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing
(2)、加to do
afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish
(3)、加doing
admit/appreciate/avoid/can』t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up
(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有區別的
forget/remember/stop
(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有區別的
see/notice/hear
三．簡單句
（一） 反意疑問句
反意疑問句
反意疑問句用來表示提問者有一定的主見，但是沒有把握，希望對方來證實。
The weather here is very cold, isn』t it? Yes, it is.
You』re from Australia, aren』t you? yes, I am.
對反意疑問句回答，不管問題的提法如何，事實是肯定的就用肯定回答，否定的就要用否定的回答。
He isn』t going to the meeting, is he?
Yes, he is. 不，他要去的
No, he isn』t. 對，他不去
反意疑問句通常由一個陳述句和一個疑問句組成。當陳述句為肯定時，疑問句為否定；當陳述句為否定時，疑問句為肯定。但是以下幾個要注意：
1. 陳述部分主語 I, 疑問部分要用aren』t I
I am as tall as your sister, aren』t I ?
2. 陳述部分謂語是wish, 疑問部分要用may+主語
I wish to have a word with you, may I ?
3. 陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定。
The Swede made no answer, did he?
4.有ought to的，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn』t/oughtn』t+主語
He ought to know what to do, oughtn』t he?
5. 陳述部分有have to疑問部分用don』t+主語
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don』t we?
6．陳述部分謂語是used to，疑問部分用didn』t+主語或者didn』t+主語
He used to take pictures there, didn』t he?
7．陳述部分有had better疑問句用hadn』t you?
You』d better read it by yourself, hadn』t you?
8.陳述部分有would rather疑問句用wouldn』t +主語
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn』t he?
9．陳述部分有．陳述部分有you』d like to疑問部分用wouldn』t+主語
You』d like to go with me, wouldn』t you?
10．感嘆句中，疑問部分用謂語+主語
What colours, aren』t they?
what a smell, isn』t it?
11陳述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑問部分根據實際邏輯意義而定
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
12． 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或者不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this疑問部分主語it
Everything is ready, isn』t it?
13.陳述部分為主語從句，疑問部分要根據情況而定
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn』t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
I don』t think he is bright, is he?
14陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑問部分常用復數they
Everyone knows the answer, don』t they?
15.省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you
don』t do that again, will you?
16.陳述部分是there be結構，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞
There is something wrong with your watch, isn』t here?
17．否定前綴不能視為否定詞
it is impossible, isn』t it?
18．Must表示推測時，根據其推測情況來確定
He must be there now, isn』t he?
（二）感嘆句
How cold it is today!
What a good idea!
（三）祈使句
肯定類型
Be careful!
Come in, please.
Let me have a look.
否定類型
Don』t be lazy.
Don』t throw the ball like that.
Let him not go there./ Don』t let her go there
四．復合句
（一） 定語從句
We all like Old Fish that is handsome.
先行詞 關系詞
關系代詞： which, who, whom, whose, that
關系副詞：when, why, where
1．先行詞指人，用who/whom
（1）who可以做主語、賓語、或者表語，但who之前不能有介詞
（2）whom只能做賓語或者表語，但在all of/many of加先行詞時後只能加whom
注意：who.whom做賓語可以省略
2．先行詞為物，用which
（1）which可以代單詞
（2）which可以代短語
（3）which可以代句子
3．that與which區別
（1）只能用that情況
先行詞有人有物
先行詞為 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc
先行詞為不定代詞
先行詞前修飾詞為 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last
（2）只能用which情況
非限定性定語從句
關系詞前有介詞
4．whose表示所屬關系
（1）whose後加名詞
（2）可以代人可以代物
（3）先行詞加whose加名詞=先行詞加名詞 of which結構
介詞+關系代詞=關系副詞
關系代詞後加不完整句
關系副詞/介詞+關系代詞後加完整句
主系表： 主系表都有， 完整句
主系表缺一個，不完整句
主謂賓：謂語動詞為及物動詞：主謂賓都有，完整句
主謂賓缺一個，不完整句
謂語動詞為不及物動詞： 主+動詞+介詞+賓語，完整句
主+動詞，完整句
主+動詞+介詞，不完整句
（二） 狀語從句
時間狀語從句：when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….
地點狀語從句: where, wherever
條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….
原因狀語從句：because, since, as, now that
結果狀語從句：so, so that, so…that, such…that
讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever
目的狀語從句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
比較狀語從句：than, as…as, so…as
五．主謂一致
就近原則
or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also
就前原則
as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except
集體名詞的主謂一致
people, cattle, youth, police+復數謂語
machinery, equipment, furniture+單數謂語
audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可單可復
時間、地點等數量概念的主謂一致
謂語用單數
Ten miles is a long way to go.
a of b結構中的主謂一致
按照A來確定謂語
a pair of trousers is enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough.
以S結尾的主謂一直問題：地理名詞、群島山脈等風景、學科名詞
國家加單數謂語： the United States
地理名詞，群島山脈等風景加復數謂語： the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England
學科名詞加單數謂語： politics, economics
六．習慣用語
七．固定搭配
八．介詞搭配
（一） 介詞＋名詞
against one』s will
at a loss
at one time
at home
at the same time
at work
at night
beside the point
by chance
by the way
by the end of
by all means
for the time being
for the sake of
from beginning to end
from time to time
in the end
in surprise
in trouble
in the street
in English
in a word
in the meantime
in vain
in need
in half
in no time
in a low voice
in the least
in public
in life
in a minute
in the eyes of
in time
in sight of
in place of
in detail
in a hurry
in any case
in case
in charge of
in bed
in addition to
in the course of
in particular
in time of
in return
in spite of
in reply to
in memory of
in honour of
in fear of
influence on
off hand
on guard against
on the ground
on the radio
on the way
on the right
on purpose
on strike
on account of
on sale
on the air
on time
out of work
out of order
on behalf of
on watch
on the whole
on show
on day
out of sight
out of repair
out of place
out of practice
out of date
out of breath
over the radio
to this day
thousands of
on the one hand, on the other hand
（二）形容詞＋介詞
absent from
aware of
apart from
according to
anxious for
angry at
afraid of
busy with
careful of
cruel to
e to
different from
equal to
be familiar to sb
be familiar with sth
be famous for
far from
fond of
full of
fussy about
grateful for
good at
hard on
interested in
instead of
kind to
keen on
late for
opposite to
once for all
polite to
proude of
ready for
responsible for
short of
sorry for
strict with
thankful to
wrong with
（三）動詞＋介詞
act on
answer for
agree to
agree with
agree on
arrive at
aim at
ask after
ask for
borrow from
believe in
belong to
break into
beat down on
begin at
base on
consist of
congratulate on
come to an end
compare with
compare to
care for
change for
change from to
clear up
catch up with
come across
come into
call up
call for
catch hold of
call on
depend on
do away with
disagree with
die of
die from
die for
devote to
engaged in
end with
fit in with
fail in
find out
give up
get over
get on
get on
get in touch with
get ready for
get in
go in for
grow up
give in
give lessons to
get up
go on
go all out
go through
go over
go down
go on with
go without
hand in
have nothing to do with
have something to do with
have a look at
head for
help with
have a word with
have words with
hope for
introce to
be inspired by
insist on
interfere with
join in
keep on
knock at
keep up with
long for
look up to
look up
learn by heart
leave for
look for
lie in
live on
laugh at
look down upon
look forward to
look through
meet with
make up one』s mind
make friends with
make room for
owe to
operate on
pay attention to
play with
put up
put off
point out
put up with
prevent from
persist in
put into practice
run out of
reply to
recover from
rely on
rob of
run over
result from
result in
set an example to
set about
set out
succeed in
speak of
supply with
share in
share with
settle in
see through
send for
stand by
stand for
stop from
spend on
show around
talk about
tide over
turn against
turn into
turn to
think of
think about
take care of
take off
turn out
turn round
turn up
take part in
to begin with
wait for
watch out for
write to
wake up
watch over
（四）過去分詞＋介詞
be absorbed in
be burdened with
be connected with
be covered with
be crowded with
be dressed in
be engaged to
be equipped with
be experienced in
be filed with
be furnished with
be interested in
be joined to
be known as
be known for
be made into
be made up of
be married to
be pleased with
be prepared for
be regarded as
be satisfied with
be ashamed of
be tired of
be terrified at
（五）動詞＋名詞＋介詞
apply ones』 mind to
catch sight of
do harm to
do wrong to
feel pity for
fix one』s eyes on
form the habit of
get a good hold of
give advice on
have none of
have trust in
have difficulty in
have trouble in
have effect on
have mercy on
have the honour of
keep a record of
make fun of
make best use of
make an apology
make one』s way to
make preparations for
make a mistake about
pass a judgment on
set fire to
put one』s heart and soul into
shake hands with
take aim at
take the side of
throw light on
take pride in
take delight in
take a message for
（六）動詞＋副詞＋介詞
add up to
break away from
be up to
cut down on
come up to
do well in
drop in on
face up to
fit in with
fall back on
get though with
get down to
get along with
go out of
go on with
go back on
go out of
go in for
grow out of
go ahead with
keep away from
keep up with
live up to
make up for
make up with
make out of
think highly of
watch out for
work hard at
（七）動詞＋介詞＋名詞
arrive at a conclusion
burst into pieces
burst into tears
burst into laughter
come to the rescue
come into use
come into power
come into effect
come into light
come to a conclusion
get in a word
set to work take on a new look