英語生成語法

Ⅰ 英語造句（語法）

一般句子就是主謂賓， 形容詞可以修飾名詞， 名詞可作主賓，名稱就相當於名詞了，副詞修飾形容詞或動詞，動詞作謂語，買本語法書，第一章就會說明了，網上搜搜也可。

Ⅱ 關於英語轉換生成語法

1。轉換生成語法:它產生於20世紀50年代，由形式語法學家喬姆斯基提出。他認為僅僅描寫語法形式是不夠的，而要探索隱藏在語法行為背後的人類普遍的「語法能力」，這種語言能力通過一套「深層結構」向「表層結構」的轉換規則，從而把意義和形式結合起來，把靜態描寫提高到動態描寫。

2。美國認知語言學家喬姆斯基（A·N·Chomsky）的轉換生成語法認為，語言是受規則支配的體系，人具有天生的語言習得機制和語言能力。人類使用語言不是靠機械模仿和記憶，而是不斷理解、掌握語言規則、舉一反三地創造性地運用語言的過程。

找到一個圖，發不上來，用流程畫給你看下

語法→轉換部分→表層結構→語音部分→句子的語音表現
|
基礎部分→深層結構（指向轉換部分）→語義部分→句子的語義表現

簡單的說，轉換-生成語法理論研究的是人類為什麼會說話以及如何了解新的句子。上圖是一個轉換-生成語法的理論框圖。喬姆斯基認為語言學家只需要制定上圖中突出顯示的四個部分的規則。上圖也是轉換-生成語法的理論內容的示意圖：語法主要包括基礎和轉換兩個部分，基礎部分生成深層結構，深層結構通過轉換得到表層結構，語義部分屬於深層結構，它為深層結構作出語義解釋。語音部分屬於表層結構並為表層結構作出語音解釋。

Ⅲ 能用形式語言中的生成式來定義自然語言（比如英語）嗎

用自然語言「描述」程序要做的事是困難的，並且難免是啰嗦的。例如一個數學專表達式，用自然語屬言來表達，是極為不方便的。所以個人斗膽認為，用自然語言編寫程序是低效的，難以完全取代人造的編程語言

當然，在一定的場合，通過約束允許使用的語法，還是能有很好的應用。現在的SQL語言大體就是類似於自然語言

根據一種語言編寫的內容，由演算法生成用另一種語言所寫的、含義相同的內容，這在現在也是比較常見的事。一個例子就是機器翻譯。由於自然語言的多義性，機器翻譯很難做到完全准確地理解源語言的內容，也很難做到完全准確地用目標語言表達相同的意思。把自然語言翻譯成CPU能直接識別的機器語言，在「理解源語言」方面和機器翻譯有相同的難度，在「用目標語言表達」方面，難度則低於機器翻譯。
而如果是把有一定明確規則的人造語言翻譯成另一種（具有相同表達力的）人造語言（包括機器語言），則是目前的科技也能做到的

Ⅳ 求一篇英語論文，關於轉換生成語法的（Transformational-generative grammar）1500字左右

As we refer to the transformational-generative grammar, we must talk about A. N. Chomsky and his transformational-generative grammar. Because Chomsky, being a student, thought that the classification of structural elements of language according to distribution and arrangement had its limitations, he decided to open up a new route. In 1957, he published his book Syntactic Structures, and the publication marks the beginning of the Chomskyan Revolution. From its birth to the present day, TG Grammar has seen five stages of development. The classical theory aims to make linguistics a science.
There is a language acquisition device called by Chomsky. He believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with it. The theory reflects that children are born with the knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal. Besides, this knowledge throws some light on the nature of the human kind. Chomsky』 innateness hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. And his theory suggested that although babies are not born knowing a language, they are born with a predisposition to develop a language in much the same way as they are born with a predisposition to learn to walk.
The next stage is that the development of the Generative Grammar. For it, Chomsky simply means a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences. He believes that every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. A generative grammar is not limited to particular languages, but to reveal the unity of particular grammars and universal grammars. It does not describe one language as an end, but as a means to explore the universal rules in the hope of revealing human cognitive systems and the essential nature of human beings.
The third is the classical theory. In the classical theory, Chomsky』s aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is characterized by three features: (1) emphasis on generative ability of language; (2) introction of transformational rules; and (3) grammatical description regardless of meaning. The main idea can be found in Chomsky』s Syntactic Structures.
The fourth theory, the Standard Theory, is marked by Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. After the publication of his Syntactic Structures, Chomsky found serious problems that called for solution in order to reach his theoretical goals. The first problem is that the transformational rules are too powerful. An ordinary sentence can be transformed at will, negated, passivised, with certain elements added or deleted, without restrictions. The second problem is that his rules may generate ill-formed sentences as well as well-formed ones. In his Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Chomsky made a remarkable change by including a semantic component in his grammatical model. He says that a generative grammar should consist of three components: syntactic, phonological and semantic.
The extended standard theory is the fifth theory. Chomsky revised his standard theory twice. In spite of the revisions of the classical theory made in the standard theory, there are still a lot of problems to be solved. Firstly, the transformational rules are still too powerful, tor they can move or delete linguistic segments, change the categories, keep the original meaning intact, and vary according to specific circumstances. Secondly, the standard theory holds that derived nouns such as criticism and explanation have the same semantic properties with their corresponding verbs.
In the 1980s, Chomsky』s TG Grammar entered the fourth period of development with the theory of government and binding. It consists of X-bar theory, Bounding theory, Government theory, Case theory, Control theory and Binding theory. Although all others had been mentioned in EST, the GB Theory further developed and complemented the discussions in EST.
Generally speaking, the development of TG grammar can be regarded as a process of constantly mineralizing theories and controlling the generative powers, and the Minimalist Program and the Minimalist Inquiries are just some logical steps in this process. Although TG Grammar has involved putting forward, revising, and cancelling of many specific rules, hypotheses, mechanisms, and theoretical models, its aims and purposes have been consistent.
Chomsky』s TG Grammar differs from the structural grammar in a number of ways: (1) rationalism; (2) innateness;(3) dective methodology;(4) emphasis on interpretation;(5) formalization;(6) emphasis on linguistic competence;(7) strong generative powers;(8) emphasis on linguistic universals.
First, Chomsky defines language as a set of rules or principles. Second, Chomsky believes that the aim of linguistics is to proce a generative grammar which captures the tacit knowledge of the native speaker of his language. This concerns the question of learning theory and the question of linguistic universals. Third, Chomsky and his followers are interested in any data that can reveal the native speaker』s tacit knowledge. They seldom use what native speakers actually say; they rely on their own intuition. Fourth, Chomsky』s methodology is hypothesis-dective, which operates at two levels: (a) the linguist formulates a hypothesis about language structure----a general linguistic theory; this is tested by grammars for particular languages, and (b) each such grammar is a hypothesis on the general linguistic theory. Finally, Chomsky follows rationalism in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.

Ⅳ 生成語法的60年代的語法規則系統

早期的生成語法學家研究以數學的集合論為語法研究的基礎。他們認為，每種語言都是句子的無窮集合，不能列舉,只能用規則描述,因此學語言的人不可能一句句地學會，必須掌握語法規律。但是，一般人雖有說話和聽話的能力，卻並不意識到有哪些規律在起作用。生成語法學家認為，應該假設一套規則來描寫語言能力。例如用語類規則來描述句子、片語等各種語類的內部結構，用 S→NP+VP來表示一個句子，句子(sentence)由一個名詞片語 (noun phrase)加上一個動詞片語(verb phrase)構成。這種精確的、 形式化的語法稱為生成語法。他們認為，傳統語法學的規則太含混，只能意會，不易發展成精密科學；結構主義語法學的規則又內容太貧乏，只能作成分分析，不易揭示豐富多彩的語言規律。他們主張採用更加靈活的規則──轉換規則,以便反映出下面這種規律:「他吃了這個蘋果」,他把這個蘋果吃了,「這個蘋果他吃了」,這3個句子雖然表面不同，但彼此之間有其內在的聯系。轉換規則也用形式化的符號表達，例如用X—V—NP→NP—X—V表示名詞片語NP在句中變換了位置。用轉換規則的語法叫轉換語法,既生成又轉換的語法叫轉換-生成語法。現在一般稱生成語法。20世紀80-90年代曾邦哲從符號學的系統科學（《結構論》）觀提出英語的語序結構由Vi.j.、Aj.v.(l.,a.,m.)、Nc.u.、P(C)四種詞符的六種關聯或連接模式相加展開構成。
人的語言知識不僅有句法結構方面，也有語音和語義方面。例如我們都知道句子中哪個詞應該讀得最重,某個句子是什麼意思等等，因此完整的生成語法應該包括音系規則和語義規則，分別描寫人們頭腦中潛在的音系知識和語義知識。 喬姆斯基於1957年後做了幾年研究，到了1965年便建立起一個完整的生成語法系統，包括語類、轉換、音系、語義 4個子系統，各子系統之間有一定的順序關系。每個子系統都有一套規則，規則之間有一定的使用順序，像用數學公式一樣，逐步推導出句子來，不同的規則推導出不同的句子。這樣，生成語法系統好比一部機械裝置,運轉起來能夠生成某種語言中的一切合格的句子,而且只能生成那些合格的句子。

Ⅵ 有什麼手機軟體可以學習英語語法的

《我愛學語法》是一款英語速成法軟體。該軟體語法知識全面梳理，語法題目一網打盡，語法考試從頭疼到滿分的制勝法寶！

Ⅶ 「生成語法」，「認知語法」與英語語法教學

你這個是啥意思呢？生成語法是在喬姆斯基里提到的，這是他的一個很重要的成果！感興趣可以看看《喬姆斯基》這本書！

Ⅷ 英語語言學方面，關於喬姆斯基轉化生成語法的試題解答，麻煩專家們幫幫忙

淺層結構是人們現實說的話，深層結構是這句話怎麼來的，深層結構+轉換規則=淺層結構，留下你的郵箱，我傳你樹行圖

Ⅸ 英語語法中 S=NP+VP是什麼的縮寫 具體是什麼意思呢~

S→NP+VP來表示一個句子,句子(sentence)由一個名詞片語
(noun
phrase)加上一個動詞片語(verb
phrase)構成。這種精確的、
形式化的語法稱為生成語法。