⑴ 初三英語語法（新目標版）
1.不定代詞（some any, all both, ither neither, none, each every, many much, few little的區別與聯系）
A復合不定代詞12個
B some any的用法
2.時態
A一般現在、過去、將來時
B現在、過去完成時
C過去、現在、將來進行時
D現在完成進行時
3.賓語從句（3種）
4.定語從句（以that為主）
5.構詞法，主要詞綴（un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等）
6.主要縮寫
7.形容詞與副詞的比較級，最高級
A特殊變化與一般變化
B用法
8.動詞的種類
行為、情態、聯系、助動詞
9.句子的成分
主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語
10.簡單句5大基本句型（順便掌握及物與不及物動詞的區別）
11.動詞不定式
A基本結構（to+動詞原型，否定式為not to+動詞原型）
B用法
C疑問詞+不定式
12.被動語態
A主動與被動的概念
B構成
C情態動詞被動語態
13.虛擬語氣（以「現在不可能發生」為主）
結構為If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意從句裡面be用were
14.雙賓語
15.情態動詞
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
特別注意掌握情態動詞表推測
16.直接引語，間接引語
注意指示代詞、時間與地點詞、動詞轉換的情況
注意不轉換的情況
注意主從一致
17.狀語從句（特別是IF ，WHEN和UNTIL）
注意主句一般將來時，從句用一般現在表將來。（需特別注意）
18.名詞
A專有名詞與普通名詞
B可數與不可數
C可數名詞單數與復數
D所有格
19.代詞
A人稱代詞
B物主代詞
C指示代詞
20.數詞
A基數詞
B序數詞
21.動詞縮略形式
22.介詞
A時間介詞
B地點介詞
C其他
23.冠詞
24.分詞
A現在與過去分詞
B現在分詞做主語等
C分詞做定語
25.倒裝
A so+動詞+主語 （類似於so am i/so is he/ so do I so does he.）
B部分倒裝
26.特殊
A季節，星期，月份，年份讀法
B報時
C動詞+介詞，動詞+副詞的各種特殊意義
D其他（如7大洲，4大洋，撲克花色，電影.音樂的類型，國家與首都等
片語
Unit 1 How do you study for a test ?
1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不
2 end up 結束
3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出錯
4 later on 隨後
5 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
be afraid of sth/sb 害怕……
6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
7 take notes=write down the notes 做筆記
8 make up 組成
9 deal with=do with 處理
10 be angry with 對……感到生氣
11 go by （時間）過去、消逝 Time goes by. 時間流逝
12 try one』s best to do sth 盡力做謀事
13 break off 突然終止
14 make/use flashcards 製作使用抽認卡
15 make a vocabulary list 製作詞彙表
16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大聲說
play the CD too loud 把CD放開大聲
sweep the floor clean 把地板掃干凈
17 practice the pronunciation 練習發音
18 get the pronunciation right =pronounce right發音準確
19 specific advice/suggestions 詳細而精確的建議
20 memorize/recite the words/text 背書
21 read the textbook 讀課本
22 English grammars 英語語法
23 feel differently 覺的不同
24 frustrate sb = make sb frustrated
使某人沮喪
find sth frustrating 發現某事沮喪
25 speak quickly/fast 說得很快
26 get/be excited 激動
look excited 看起來很激動
look at sb sadly 傷心地朝某人看
an exciting match/game 一場刺激的比賽
27 spoken/oral English 英語口語
28 full comma 句號
29 regard sth as a challenge 把某事視為挑戰
30 impress sb 感動某人 be impressed 被深深感動
be impressed deeply by sb 被某人深深感動
31 have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth做某事有困難
32 look up the words in a dictionary用字典查閱單詞
33 feel/touch soft 感覺/觸摸柔軟
34 study for a text 為一次數學小測學習
36 work with sb 與某人一起工作
35 listen to tapes 聽磁帶
listen to the teacher carefully 認真聽課
36 ask sb for help 尋求幫助
He is asking for help. 他正在求救
ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事tell sb about sth 告訴某人某事
37 improve my listening/speaking skills
提高聽力/口語技巧
38 enlarge the vocabulary 擴大詞彙量39 watch English news 看英語新聞
40 understand the voices 聽懂(說的內容)
41 learn a lot/much 學了很多
42 join an English club 參加英語俱樂部
43 keep a diary in English 用英語寫日記
44 review notes 復習筆記
45 write original sentences 寫新穎的句子
46 practice conversations with sb 與某人練習對話
47 do well/OK 做得好
48 get mad at sb 生某人的氣
49 the best way to learn English 學英語的最好方法
50 be fair/unfair 公平、不公平
51 on ty 值日
It』s one』s ty to do sth 某人的職責做某事
It』s our ty to distribute to the society
52 be lost/missing 丟失
53 young alts 青少年
54 see a psychologist 看一個心理醫生
55 get a lot of practices 得到許多練習
56 end up doing sth 最後做某事
57 become unhappy 變得不高興
58 behave with sb 與某人相處的方式
59 stay angry 持續生氣
60 change problems/troubles/difficulty into challenge
把困難變成挑戰
61 solve the problem 解決問題
62 realize sth =sth come true 實現某事
63 make a complete sentence 造一個完整的句子
64 complete/finish doing sth 結束做某事
65 the secret of sth …的秘密 The secret of becoming a good language learner is practicing . 成為一個優秀語言學家的秘密是練習
66 an important part of sth. 最重要的一部分
67 developing country 發展中國家
developed country 發達國家
68 with the help of sb 在某人幫助下
help sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事
69 compare A to B 把A與B進行對比70 physical problems 生理缺陷
71 find a pen pal 找一個筆友
72 in a positive way 用積極的方法
75 last for a long time 持續很長時間
73 first of all 首先
74 to begin with 以…開始
75 make sb laugh 使某人笑
76 help a lot/a little 幫助很多、一點
77 have disagreement 意見不合
78 decide not to do 決定不做某事
79 talk to each other 互相談話
80 too much + n. 太多…
much too + adj.
81 be strict with sb 對某人嚴厲
82 regard sth as a challenge 把……視為挑戰
Unit2 I used to be afraid of dark .
1 used to 過去常常
He used to be thin .
I used to like riding . I didn』t use to like tests.
2 be interested in =take an interest in 對…感興趣
3 be afraid of=be terrified of 害怕
4 go to sleep with the light on 開著燈睡覺
5 eat candy [U] 吃糖
6 chew gum [U] 嚼口香糖
7 chat with sb=have a chat with sb 與…聊天
8 Fuzhou Daily Newspaper 福州日報
9 daily life 每天的生活
10 die(u)-dead(adj)-death(n) 死
He died in 1990. He has been dead for 3 years.
He is dying. 他將死./臨終
11 afford sth/to do sth 負擔得起
He couldn』t afford to pay for his child』s ecation.
12 cause a lot of trouble (for sb.) 引起很多麻煩
13 get into trouble with the police 陷入警察手裡
14 be patient with sb 對…有耐心
15 finally=in the end=at last 最後
16 make a decision on sth/doing sth 決定做某事
=make up one』s mind to do sth=decide to do sth
17 head teacher 班主任
head master 校長
head group leader 組長
monitor 班長
18 It』s necessary to do sth 必須做某事
19 to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚
be surprised at sth 吃驚於…
To my surprise, a phone call changed his life.
20 even though=even if (+讓步狀語從句) 即使
Even though he is eighty, he looks young and healthy.
21 no longer=not...any longer 不再(延續性)
no more=not…any more 不再(短暫性)
22 take pride in=feel/be proud of 為…而自豪
I take pride in being a Chinese.
I am/feel proud of being a Chinese.
23 pay attention to sth/the grammar 注意語法
24 give up 放棄
Don』t give up. 不要放棄
25 a couple of days 兩天
26 look different 看起來不同
look the same 看起來一樣
27 waste water 浪費水
waste one』s time 浪費時間
28 wear glasses/contact lenses 戴眼鏡/隱型眼鏡
29 have a good memory 記性很好
30 have long/straight/curly hair 留著…發型
31 on the swim team 在游泳隊
32 People sure change. 人是會變的
33 for a long time 很長一段時間
34 make sb stressed out 使某人筋疲力盡
35 have/like/hate gym class 有/喜歡/討厭體育課
36 paint/draw pictures 畫畫
37 be/live alone 獨處/單獨居住
feel lonely 覺得孤獨
38 walk to school=get to school on foot 走路去學校
take a bus=go by bus=go on a bus 乘車
ride a bike=go by bike=riding 騎車
39 worry about sth/sb=be worried about sth/sb. 擔心
40 study all the time=study all along 一直學習
41 a six-year-old brother 一個6歲的弟弟
42 spend time (in) doing sth 花時間做某事
43 take sb to a concert 帶某人去音樂會
44 hardly ever 幾乎不
45 change a lot 改變了許多
46 in the last few years 近幾年
47 can』t stop doing 忍不住做某事
48 problem child 問題小孩
49 give sb sth 給某人某物
50 look after=take care of=care for 照顧
51 as…as 與…一樣
as well as… 與…一樣好，也
as well as she could 盡她全力
52 send sb to+地點 送某人去某地
53 It』s+ adj +to do sth
54 make sb do sth 使某人做某事
55 lose weight 減肥
56 make a diet 節食
57 make terrible noise 吵鬧
58 a top student 尖子生
59 take a deep breath 深呼吸
60 shout at the top of one』s voice 高聲喊
61 be used to doing 習慣於做某事
The boy is used to telling a lie. 那男孩習慣撒謊
62 be used to do 被使用於
Money is used in many ways.
Wood is used to make paper.
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to
choose their own clothes .
1 choose one』s own sth. 選擇某人自己東西
have one』s own sth.. 有某人自己的某物
2 should do sth. 應該做
shouldn』t do sth. 不應該做
3 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事
should be allowed to do sth. 應該被允許做sth.
4 get one』s driver』s license 獲得某人駕駛執照
5 have/get/find/look for a part-time job
找/有/得到一個兼職
6 a fifteen-year-old student 一個15歲的學生
fifteen-year-olds 15歲的學生/孩子(復數)
the+adj./old/young 一類人（復數）
7 get one』s ears pierced=pierce one』s ears 釘耳洞
have/get sth.done 使….被做
have/get one』s hair cut = cut one』s hair 剪某人頭發
have/get the shoes repaired = repair the shoe 補鞋
8 go to the mall with sb. 和某人去購物/商業街
9 be sure (of/ about sth.) 確信某事
be sure that+從句 確信
make sure 確認
10 too us enough太魯莽,不夠冷靜
⑵ 初三英語語法大全(新目標）謝謝
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2）情態動詞 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1） shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？
2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢？
b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意願。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開？十分鍾後。
2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3）在時間或條件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後，讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡，就寫信給你。
4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have （has） +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）
I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）
He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）
He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續）
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
⑶ 初三英語語法全部 新目標的 要求每個單元的分開 就80分啦，拿走
新目標九年級英語重點基礎語法歸納輔導
(一)現在完成時態
1,現在完成時的定義:現在完成時是表示在過去發生但與現在情況有聯系的動作或狀態的時態.
2,現在完成時的構成:現在完成時是由"助動詞have/has+動詞過去分詞"構成的.
①助動詞have/has可以與主語縮寫為've/'s.
e.g. I have → I've We have → We've He has → He's It has → It's
②規則變化的過去分詞與動詞過去式一樣.
③不規則變化的動詞過去分詞見表.Book 3 P255—257
3,現在完成時的基本句型.
①陳述句肯定形式.
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已經吃過午飯了. He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了.
②陳述句否定形式.(在助動詞have/has後+not,可縮寫為haven't/hasn't)
e.g. I haven't had lunch. 我還未吃午飯. He hasn't gone to Beijing. 他還沒有去北京.
③一般疑問句形式及其答語.(將助動詞have/has提前,答語一般用have, has回答)
e.g. Have you had lunch 你吃過午飯了沒 Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Has he gone to Beijing 他去過北京了沒有 Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
否定回答還可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等.
④特殊疑問句形式.(疑問詞+一般疑問句)
e.g. Where has he gone 他去了哪裡
4,現在完成時的三個基本用法.
(1) 現在完成時的第一個基本用法表示過去發生或已完成的某一個動作對現在造成的影響或結果.
e.g. Have you had lunch Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你吃過午飯沒 有,吃過了,我剛剛吃的.(影響及結果:我現在飽了,不需要了)
He has gone to Beijing.
他已經去北京了.(影響及結果:他人現在不在這里了)
該用法常already(已經), never(從不), ever(曾經), yet(仍然), just(剛剛), before(以前)等副詞(作狀語)連用.
① already, just, ever, never常用於助動詞之後,實義動詞之前.
already, just多用於肯定陳述句.
e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已幹完了活.
Would you like to go to see the film No, I've seen it already.不,我已經看過了.(already偶爾會出現於句末)
They have just won a game. 他們剛剛贏了一場比賽.
有時already可以用於疑問句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示驚訝,意外.
e.g. Have you finished reading the book already 你真的已經讀完這本書了 (表示驚訝)
ever多用於疑問句,問初次經歷.
e.g. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner 你跟外國人講過話嗎 (問初次經歷)
never多用於否定陳述句(注:本身表示否定意義)
e.g. He has never done such a thing, has he 他從來沒有做過這樣的事,不是嗎 (否定)
② yet一般用於疑問句(已經)或否定句(還),常位於句末.
e.g. Have you got ready yet 你已經准備好了嗎
He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他還沒完成作業.
③ before一般位於句末.
e.g. I have never seen the film before. 以前我從未看過那部電影.
現在完成時的第一種用法常與以上的副詞連用,因此這些詞有時可以作為現在完成時的標志詞.
(1) 現在完成時的第二個基本用法表示過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態.該用法常和表示過去某一時刻延
續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用.
①與for +一段時間連用,表示多久.
e.g. He has learned English for two years. 他已經學習兩年英語了.
I have been here for three days. 我在這里已經3天了.
②與since +時間(起點)連用,表示自…以來.
e.g. His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991年以來都在這家工廠工作.
I've had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了.
③與since +一段時間+ ago連用,表示自…以前就….
e.g. Jim has waited there since half an hour ago. 吉姆自半個小時前就已經在那裡等候了.
He has stayed here since three weeks ago. 他在這兒已呆了三個星期.
④與since +從句(從句用一般過去時)連用,表示自某事發生後就一直….
e.g. The Greens have lived in Beijng since they came to China. 格林一家自從來到中國後就一直住在北京.
I've known her since I came to work here. 自從我來這里工作就認識他了.
(3) 現在完成時的第三個基本用法表示到現在為止這一時期中多次動作的總和或所做過的工作的量的積累.
e.g. I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京兩次.
We've learnt five English songs this year. 今年我們學了五首英語歌曲.
How many pages of the book have you read 這本書你讀了多少頁了
5,延續性與非延續性動詞在現在完成時態中的使用.
(1)有一些動詞是瞬間動詞,也叫非延續性動詞,這些動詞一發生就結束了,常見的有:come, go, arrive, reach, leave,
begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等.這些動詞雖然可以用於現在完成時(說明某個
動作的結果還存在),但由於它們不能延續,因此不能跟表示一段的時間狀語連用.(也即現在完成時的第二個
基本用法中不能使用非延續性動詞).
e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已經回來了.
Jim has come back for a month. (誤) come back的動作不能延續一個月,因此錯誤.
(2)瞬間動詞不可以用於有段時間的現在完成時態中,因此,若要解決這一問題,就應把它改為相應的延續性動詞
或短語,主要有以下幾種:
①用相應的延續性動詞
如: buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be
put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold
②轉換成be+名詞
如: join → be a member of go to school → be a student
③轉換成be+形容詞或副詞
如: die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over
fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed
④轉換成be+介詞短語
如: come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(軍隊)
e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已經借了那本書.
I have kept the book for two days. 我已經借那本書兩天了.
Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已經加入那樂隊了.
Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已經加入那個樂隊一個月了.
His grandfather has died. 他祖父已經死了.
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已經死了兩年了.
My father has arrived in China. 我父親已經到達中國了.
My father has been in China for a week. 我父親已經在中國一個星期了.
(3)在否定句中,非延續性動詞也可以與時間段連用.
e.g. I haven't borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以來我就沒有在圖書館借過書.
Jim hasn't come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年沒回來了.
6,現在完成時的幾種常見的句型轉換.
現在完成時可以轉化成一般過去時,還可以轉化成"It is/has been +時間段+since從句(用一般過去時)"等句型.
e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已經回來一個月了.
= Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一個月前就回來了.
= It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回來已經有一個月了.
= A month has passed since Jim came back.
I have kept the book for two days.
= I borrowed the book two days ago.
= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book.
= Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.
7,現在完成時和一般過去時的區別:
現在完成時強調的是過去的動作對現在的影響,它和現在有密切的聯系.現在完成時經常會出現下列的標志詞.
如:already, yet, just, ever, never, several times, before, so far, for +時間段, since +時間點或從句等.一般過去時強調的是動作發生的時間,地點,不涉及對現在的影響,所以凡含有表示過去的時間狀語的句子,都必須用一般過去時,不能用現在完成時.
(二)賓語從句
1,賓語從句的概說:賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語.
整個復合句結構如下:
I think (that) I have lost it. 我想我已經把它丟了.
主語 + 謂語 +(引導詞)+ 主語 + 謂語
主句 賓語從句
由此可見賓語從句就是作及物動詞,介詞或某些形容詞的賓語的句子.
2,由that引導的賓語從句.(即陳述句作賓語從句)
(1) 主句的謂語.
① 很多及物動詞後都可接由that引導的賓語從句,如:think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, remember, mean等.
② 一些表示人的感情的形容詞如sure, happy, glad, pleased, surprised, sorry, afraid等後面也可接由that引導的賓
語從句,表示產生這種感情的原因.
e.g. I'm sure (that) he will come tomorrow. 我肯定他明天會來.
I'm happy (that) I see you here. 我很高興看到你在這里.
注意:如果主句與從句的主語一致,可把從句改為不定式,如果不一致,則只可用that從句.如②句可改寫為
I'm happy to see you here. 而①句則不可改.
(2) 從句的引導詞,即that.
在連詞that引導的賓語從句中,that本身無意義,在句子中不但任任何成分,在口語或非正式文體中常常省略.
e.g. I hope (that) you'll have a good holiday. 希望你們假日愉快.
He says (that) the Chinese people are very friendly. 他說中國人民很友好.
(3) 從句的語序:賓語從句永遠用陳述語序.
e.g. Does he know (that) she is a scientist 他知道她是科學家嗎
Are you sure (that) you will win 你肯定你會贏嗎
(4) 從句的時態.
若主句為一般現在時態時,則賓語從句要根據具體情況選擇所需要的時態.
e.g. He says (that) he is ill now. 他說他現在病了.
He says (that) he has been ill for ten days. 他說他已經生病十天了.
He says (that) he was ill last week. 他說他上周生病了.
He says (that) he will return soon. 他說他很快就回來.
若主句為一般過去時,則賓語從句也要用某種過去時態.
e.g. He said (that) he was ill then. 他說他那時病了.
He said (that) he was doing his homework then. 他說他那時正在做作業.
若賓語從句說的是客觀真理,自然現象等,要用一般現在時.
e.g. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉.
(5) 否定的轉移.
若主句的主語是第一人稱(I, we),且謂語動詞是think, guess, believe, suppose等時,如果要否定,只能否定主句,
而不能否定從句.
e.g. I don't think he will come tonight. 我認為他今晚不會來.
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(6) 含賓語從句的復合句的反意疑問句,一般情況下,根據主句主謂語來確定附加疑問句.
e.g. The teacher didn't say that he would come here, did he
但對於有否定轉移的主從復合句來說,其附加疑問句的主謂語須根據從句來確定.
e.g. I don't think he can swim, can he 我認為他不會游泳,對嗎
I believe he is a student, isn't he 我相信他是個學生,不是嗎
3,由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句.(即特殊疑問句作賓語從句)
(1) 主句的謂語:可由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的動詞有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out,
show, choose, remember, forget等.
e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk 你知道誰將給我們做演講嗎
We asked him why he was late. 我們問他為什麼遲到.
I am going to see how Kate is. 我准備去看凱特怎麼樣了.
(2) 從句的引導詞.
由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what和which引導,這些詞在賓語從句中可作主語,賓語,表語和定語,因而不能省略.
e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk 你知道誰會給我們做演講嗎 (who在賓語從句中作主語)
Can you tell me whom you are waiting for 你能告訴我你在等誰嗎 (whom在賓語從句中作賓語)
She asked whose jacket it was. 她問這是誰的夾克衫.(whose在賓語從句中作定語,修飾jacket)
I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是誰的 (whose在賓語從句中作表語)
由連接副詞when, where, why和how引導,這些詞在賓語從句中作狀語,不能省略.
e.g. Do you know when he will be back 你知道他何時回來嗎
We asked him why he was late. 我們問他為何遲到.
I want to know where she lives. 我想知道她住在哪裡.
(3) 從句的語序:特殊疑問句坐賓語從句,仍用陳述句的語序.
e.g. What day is it today Do you know → Do you know what day it is today
When will the train leave I want to know. → I want to know when the train will leave.
Where does she live Can you tell me → Can you tell me where she lives
How did you do it Please tell me. → Please tell me how you did it.
(4) 從句的時態:與that引導的賓語從句的時態一樣.
(5) 注意:① 當what, which, whom, who等疑問代詞作賓語從句里句末介詞的賓語,又引導賓語從句時,句末的
介詞不可隨意省掉.
e.g. I don't know what they are looking for 我不知道他們正在找什麼.
Do you know which room she lives in 你知道她住在哪個房間嗎
②當賓語從句的主語與主句的主語(或賓語)一致,且從句謂語時態為將來時或表示將來意義,如should
時,從句可簡化為疑問詞(why 除外)+不定式.
e.g. I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 我不知道要去哪裡.
I'll show you how you should do it. = I'll show you how to do it. 我將教你該怎麼做它.
4,由if和whether引導的賓語從句
(1) if和whether用以引導賓語從句時意為"是否",該賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來的.其語序,時態變化和前兩
種賓語從句一致.
e.g. Did he like this coat She asked. → She asked if / whether he liked this coat.
Will Mary be free tomorrow I don't know. → I don't know if / whether Mary will be free tomorrow.
(2) 一般情況下,whether和if用於引導賓語從句時可以通用,但在下列情況下,whether和if的用法有區別:
whether後可以接不定式短語,而if不能.
e.g. I can't decide whether to go to Beijing. 我不能決定是否去北京.
當引導的從句作介詞賓語時,只能用whether,不能用if.
e.g. They're talking about whether they can finish the work on time. 他們正在談論他們是否能按時完成工作.
whether引導的從句可移至句首,if則不行.
e.g. Whether this is true or not, I can't say. 這是不是真的,我不敢說.
動詞discuss後面的賓語從句,只用whether引導,不用if.
e.g. We discussing whether we will have a sports meeting next week. 我們正在討論下周是否舉行運動會.
當從句中有 "or not" 時,or not可以緊接whether之後,也可以位於句末,此時,一般不用if.
e.g. Please tell me whether or not he'll come here. = Please tell me whether he'll come here or not.
請告訴我他是否會來這兒.
whether和if一般引導肯定形式的賓語從句,若賓語從句是否定形式,表示"是否"的連詞只能用if.
e.g. We want to know if they won't come truly. 我們想知道他們是不是真的不來.
whether和if除共同可以引導賓語從句,各自還可以用來引導其他類型的從句.
① if可以引導條件狀語從句,意為"如果",whether不能.
e.g. The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow. 如果明天天氣晴朗,學生們要去野餐.
② whether可以引導讓步狀語從句,意為"不管,無論"之意.
e.g. Hainan Island is the place to be, whether it's summer or winter.
不管是夏天還是冬天,海南島都是應該去的地方.
(一)過去將來時
1,表示的意義和用法:過去將來時表示在過去的某一時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,判斷這一時態一定要
有用於表示"過去"的動作,而不是時間,過去將來時常用於主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中,少單獨使用.
2,謂語結構.
(1). should / would +動詞原形,第一人稱用should / would 都可以,其他人稱只用would.
e.g. You knew I should / would come. 你知道我會來的.
They told us that they would come back two days later. 他們告訴我們他們兩天後會回來.
She said she would be free next week. 她說她下周會有空.
(2). was / were going to +動詞原形
e.g. I thought they were going to visit me tonight. 我原以為他們今晚會來拜訪我.
The radio said it was going to snow tomorrow. 收音機說明天將下雪.
3. 某些"移位"動詞如go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return等的過去進行時也可用來表示
過去將來時.
e.g. He didn't say when he was coming. 他說沒什麼時候會來.
I was not sure if he was leaving for shanghai the next week. 我不確定他是否下周會去上海.
3,注意:
1. 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時.
e.g. She said she would ring you when he got to shanghai. 她說她到上海時將給你打電話.
Li Lei told me that he would go to the park alone if you didn't. 李雷告訴我,如果你不去公園的話,他獨自去.
2. should / would 不一定都表示過去將來時,should可以作為情態動詞,表示義務,"應該,應當" 而would 可以
表示客氣,禮貌的請求,你能……嗎
e.g. We should keep our classroom clean. 我們必須保持教室清潔.
Would you lend me your ruler 你能把尺子借給我嗎
(二)過去完成時
1,過去完成時的定義:表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態,即動作或狀態發生在"過
去的過去".
2,過去完成時的構成:過去完成時是由"助動詞had+動詞過去分詞"構成的.助動詞had可以與主語縮寫為'd
e.g. I had… → I'd He had… → He'd
3,過去完成時的基本句型與現在完成時的基本句型基本一樣.
陳述句肯定形式:
e.g. They had read the book. She had arrived at Chaozhou.
陳述句否定形式:在助動詞had後+not, 可縮寫為hadn't
e.g. They hadn't read the book. She hadn't arrived at Chaozhou.
一般疑問句形式及其答語:將助動詞had提前,答語一般也用had回答
e.g. Had they read the book Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
Had she arrived at Chaozhou Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
特殊疑問句形式:疑問詞+一般疑問句
e.g. What had they read Where had she arrived
4,過去完成時的基本用法.
(1). 表示在過去某一時間之前已經發生或完成的動作,常與介詞"by / before+過去的時間"構成的短語連用.
e.g. We had learned one thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上學期結束時,我們已經學了一千個單詞.
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到愛迪生10歲的時候,他已給自己建了一個實驗室.
He had got up before six o'clock yesterday morning. 昨天早上6時以前他就起床了.
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They had planted 1000 trees before 2000. 2000年以前他們已經種了1000顆樹.
(2). 表示在過去某一動作之前就已經發生或完成了的動作,動作在前的用過去完成時,在後的用一般過去時.
e.g. He told me that he had sent a letter to me.
他說他已經給我寄來了一封信.("寄"先於"告訴")
該用法也常與when, before等引導的從句連用.
e.g. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
當我來到電影院時,電影已經開始了.("開始"先於"到達")
Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
在我回到家之前,媽媽已做好了晚飯.("煮飯"先於"到家")
After I had finished reading the novel, I went to sleep.
在我讀完這部小說之後,我睡覺了.("讀完"先於"睡覺")
注意,因為after和before本身已表達了動作的先後關系,所以謂語動詞常用一般過去時代替過去完成時.
e.g. After he finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作業後他便上床睡覺了.
Where did you study before you came here. 你來這兒之前你在哪裡學習.
還可以通過上下文表示.
e.g. I met him yesterday. We hadn't met each other for a long time.
昨天我遇到了他,我們彼此很久沒有見面了.
(3). 表示從過去某一時間開始,持續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態,往往與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或
從句連用.
e.g. Mr. Wang had taught in the school for six years before I came here.
在我來這兒之前,王老師已在這所學校任教了六年.
I received a letter from Tom last week. We had not heard from him since 1998.
上周我收到了湯姆的一封信.自從1998年以來我從未收到他的來信.
5,不用過去完成時的三種情況.
句子如有yesterday, last year, in 1996, three years ago等表示很確定的過去時間的狀語,強調某動作或狀態在該時間發生,謂語動詞必須用一般過去時.
e.g. He was a worker three years ago. 三年前他是個工人.
He came here yesterday. 他昨天來過這兒.
漢語中雖然有"了""曾""過"等表示動作完成的字眼,但沒有說明該動作是在過去某一時間或動作之前完成的,譯成英語時要用一般過去時,不用過去完成時.
e.g. They finished reading five English story-books last year. 去年他們讀完了五本英語故事書.
They went to Japan last year. 他們去年曾去過日本.
敘述在過去連續發生的兩件以上的事,雖然時間有先後之別,但仍用一般過去時.
e.g. He got up quickly, ate a light breakfast and hurried to school by bike.
他飛快的起床,稍稍地吃了早飯,快速地騎車奔學校而去.
(三)動詞不定式作主語.
動詞不定式(短語),可以直接放置於句首擔當句子主語.
e.g. To say is easy, but to do is difficult. 說起來容易,做起來難.
To learn a foreign languages is not easy. 學好一門外語不容易.
動詞不定式作主語的句子,通常可以用形式主語"it"代替,同時把真正的主語,即動詞不定式(短語)放在後面,以使句子平衡.即構成句型It + be +形容詞+to do sth.
e.g. It's easy to say, but it's difficult to do. It's not easy to learn a foreign language.
如果要表示不定式動作的執行者,就在It + be +形容詞+to do sth該句型中的不定式之前加for sb或of sb.
①在形容詞hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, impossible, good, helpful, useful, dangerous, safe等之後常用for sb,即構成句型:It + be + 形容詞+for sb to do sth.
e.g. It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language well. 對我們來說學習好一門外語不容易.
It's dangerous for you to swim in the river. 在那河裡游泳對你來說很危險.
該句型中的形容詞修飾的是不定式,強調的是做某事怎麼樣.
②在形容詞nice, kind, clever, foolish(愚蠢的), polite(有禮貌的), careless, careful等之後,常用of
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sb,即構成句型:It + be + 形容詞+of sb + to do sth
e.g. It is very kind of you to help me. 你能幫助我,你真是太好了.
It was wrong of them to cut the trees. 他們砍伐樹木是不對的.
該句型中的形容詞主要修飾人,表示某人的性質或特徵,強調的是這個人怎麼樣.
it作形式主語時,其後的謂語也可以是實義動詞.
e.g. It took us five hours to get there. 我們用了5小時到達那裡.
It made me happy to find my friends there. 發現朋友在那裡令我很高興.
動詞不定式與疑問詞how, what, when, where, which等構成不定式短語,也可作主語.
e.g. How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用電腦是個問題.
Where to go has not been decided. 去哪兒還沒有定下來.
注意:主語,表語都為動詞不定式時,不能用形式主語it代替不定式.
e.g. To see is to believe. 眼見為實.
(四)定語從句
定語從句的概念:在復合句中,用來修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之後,對先行詞起修飾限定作用.
e.g. He is the man who I want to see.
先行詞 關系詞 定語從句
定語從句的引導詞:
定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞that, which, who (whom, whose)和關系副詞where, when, why兩種,關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯系作用,同時又在定語從句中充當一定成分.
關系代詞引導的定語從句:
如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,關系代詞應用who (whom, whose) 和that.
e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作主語)
這就是昨天給我們作報告的小王.
The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that
⑷ 初中新目標英語學哪幾種語法
初一：上冊：掌握一般疑問句（既有be動詞形式又要掌握do助動詞形式特殊 疑問句（僅需掌握be動詞形式）
學會常用句型：My name is ......
what's this in English?
what color is it?
This is...... /Is that......?
where is ......?
Do you /Does he......?
How much ......?
When is......?
Do you want to......？
Can you......?
What time do you.....?
My favorite ...is......
沒什麼重點語法，了解基本英語結構。
下冊：背下部分英語固定搭配，片語和詞語用法（如：want to do等等）
掌握一般現在時態，正在進行時態
熟練掌握含助動詞do does 的句子（疑問句，陳述句，否定句）
祈使句
初二：上冊：掌握How often......?
What's the matter ?
正在進行時態的疑問句
含情態動詞的句子（一般疑問句，陳述句，否定句）
學會應用形容詞的比較級和最高級
一般過去時態（疑問句，陳述句，否定句）
be born 句型
be going to 的一般將來時
下冊：一般將來時（will形式）
含情態動詞的句子（特殊疑問句）
過去進行時態（一般疑問句，陳述句，否定句）
賓語從句
條件狀語從句（If ......?）
現在完成進行時態
提建議
現在完成時態
附加疑問句
初三： A。時態：（所有要求掌握的包括初一初二的）
一 般 現 在 時
.概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
動詞用原形(單三人稱動詞加s / es)
(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)
一 般 過 去 時
概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
動詞用過去式
(問句和否定句借用助詞did)
現 在 進 行 時
概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
am +動詞-ing
is +動詞-ing
are +動詞-ing
過 去 進 行 時
概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
was +動詞-ing
were +動詞-ing
一 般 將 來 時
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
(1)will + 動詞原形
(2)am +going to+動詞原形
Is +going to+動詞原形
are +going to+動詞原形
過 去 將 來 時
概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
(1)would + 動詞原形
(2)was +going to+動詞原形
were +going to+動詞原形
現 在 完 成 時
概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
have +過去分詞
has +過去分詞
過 去 完 成 時
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
had +過去分詞
B。從句：
賓語從句
狀語從句
定語從句
假設性條件狀語從句
C其他：
used to 用法
被動語態
主要就這些了，希望對你有用！
⑸ 急急急！！！(新目標)初中英語總結.和所有重點及短語、單詞、語法。急急急！！！
初中英語片語總結
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比較級 and 比較級） 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於 31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原） 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州？
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名（單）每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎麼樣
108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什麼怎麼樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名詞）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什麼而准備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上學（用於專業的）go to the school 去學校（不一定是上學） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事
129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談
131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地還沒回來
133 have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
135 have to do sth 必須做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用處
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能准時到達
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態）＋條件語態從句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最後
150 in the north of… 什麼在什麼的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 ）
151 in the sun 在太陽下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果，而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學
154 introce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introce oneself 自我介紹
155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎麼樣
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎麼樣
159 It's +adj for sb 對於某人來說怎麼樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎麼樣
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（對某人來說） 做某事怎麼樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎麼樣
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意
162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了
164 join = take part in 參加
165 just now 剛才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什麼保持什麼樣？
167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入
168 keep sb adj 讓……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke
172 learn by oneslfe 自學
173 learn from sb 向某人學習 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng
174 learn to do sth 學做某事
175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
176 Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應該讓我們的父母失望
177 live from :離某地遠
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看
180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you
183 make it early 把時間定的早一點
184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什麼成為什麼 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎麼樣 eg : You must made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎麼樣
188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫
189 make up be made up of (被動語態）由……組成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什麼
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (實義動詞） need do (情態動詞）
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no +名詞
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形 、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all
202 not…at all 一點都不
203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什麼東西給某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我給你提供水
207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談
210 on time 准時 in time 及時
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天
212 one of +可數名詞的復數形式
213 one to another 一個到另一個
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin
215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作
216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢 ，付錢
217 please +do
218 please help yourself
219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing 練習做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學中，我更喜歡物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不願意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧願做…也不願
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車
prefer sb not to do sth 更願意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來
223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什麼 pretend that 從句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案
224 rather…than 寧可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我願肯當醫生，也不當老師
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗，不喜歡貓
225 regard…as 把……當作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候
I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不愛關心別人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什麼事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做飯
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什麼
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother
228 return sth to sb 還什麼東西給某人
229 say to oneself 對自己說
230 say to sb 對某人說
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少錢在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少時間做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎麼樣 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy
237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物
238 send…to…把什麼寄到哪裡去？
239 shock 使……震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什麼東西給某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.
243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 從……開始 begin…with… 從……開始
245 stay away from 遠離……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時，我們要遠離動物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥，你最好遠離甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 這樣 ，這種
251 suit sb 適合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇
253 take classes 上課
254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說 eg : I talk with him
③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談論關於……
257 talk with sb 和某人說話
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什麼 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什麼
263 tell…from…
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to…（地點） 到哪的269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school
He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school
270 transalte ……into…… 把什麼翻譯成什麼 eg : Trasalte English into chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅遊272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什麼，但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什麼，已經做過了
eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經做過了
274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大
276 turn off 關上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著
278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
⑹ 跪求新目標英語初三全冊的語法和重點語法
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈！
九年級英語復習---語法講解（-7單元）
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。
否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化： 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：
二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下： 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什麼時態，全句就是什麼時態，be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如：我們學過的was / were born 生於，就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰，不用by＋動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
（2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
（3）作客觀說明時，常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是：（1）把原句中的賓語變為主語（2）動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞（3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by後面，如果沒必要，可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can』t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。
1．定語從句中that與who、which的區別
2．定語從句中關系詞的省略
典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析：指事物的先行詞前有序數詞修飾時，只能用關系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。
2. I don』t think history is as interesting as English.（改為同義詞）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是「我認為歷史不如英語有趣」。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改為同義句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：讀題後可知：上句含義是「戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽」，對應下句，可知空格處應填「戴」，故正確答案是in。
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which B．what C．who D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which B．what C．／ D．who
3. I』m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what B．which C．why D．that
Unit7
表達意願的幾個基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to b. I』d like to c. I』d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （對劃線部分提問）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中為副詞，go後面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞。
九年級英語復習---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
⑺ 初中新目標英語語法知識點
動詞時態是英語語法的重點，下面把初中的動詞時態給你梳理了一下。希望對你有所幫助。
一般現在時的用法
1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2）情態動詞 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。
11.4 一般將來時
1） shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？
2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢？
b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意願。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開？十分鍾後。
2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3）在時間或條件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後，讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡，就寫信給你。
4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have （has） +過去分詞。
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）
I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）
He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）
He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續）
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late
2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意：並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現在已不在這里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）
注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1）（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四種用法
1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。
3） since +從句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後，變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後，變化可大了。
4） It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1） 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 （表結果）
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）
2） 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。
11.15 過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
3） 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1） 兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先後，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。
2 ） 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 將來完成時
1） 構成will have done
2） 概念
a. 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時，你已經到達上海了。
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法：
a. 表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。（說話時並未在寫，只處於寫作的狀態。）
c. 表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由於沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1）表示事實狀態的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理狀態的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
11.20 過去進行時
1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作延續的時候，另一個短動作發生。
3） 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，後跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
⑻ 新課標初中英語語法 有哪些越全越好
重點：
完成時態、被動、反義疑問句、定語從句、狀語從句、虛擬語氣、選擇疑問句。