⑴ 我想要初中的英語的語法總結~~~~要詳細的
1. 形容詞的位置：
代名形容詞＋數量形容詞＋性狀形容詞＋名詞
再細分如下：
1放在冠詞前的形容詞(all, both, such...)＋2冠詞、指示形容詞、所有形容詞、不定形容詞(the, a, an, this, that, your, some, any...)＋3序數(first, second...)＋4基數(one, two...)＋5性質、狀態(kind, fine, good...)＋6大小、長短、形狀(large, small, big...)＋7新舊、溫度(old, new, hot...)＋8顏色(red, blue...)＋9國籍(Chinese, English, Japanese...)＋10材料(iron, brick, stone...)＋11名詞、動名詞(boy, house...)
2. some和any的用法：
（1）兩者修飾可數單數名詞，表某一個；任何一個； 修飾可數復數名詞和不可數名詞，表一些；有些。
〔2）一般的用法：some用於肯定句；any用於疑問句，否定句或條件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
〔3）特殊的用法：
(A) 在期望對方肯定的回答時，問句也用some。
Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一個時，也可用於肯定句。
Come any day you like.
（4）some和any後沒有名詞時，當做代名詞， 此外兩者也可做副詞。
Some of them are my students.〔代名詞）
Is your mother any better?（副詞）
3. many和much的用法：
〔1）many修飾復數可數名詞，表許多； much修飾不可數名詞，表量或程度。
He has many friends, but few true ones.
There hasn't been much good weather recently.
（2）many a:
many a和many同義，但語氣比較強，並且要與單數名詞及單數形動詞連用。
Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)
〔3〕as many和so many均等於the same number of。 前有as, like時, 只用so many。
These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
They worked like so many ants.
（4）as much等於the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。
He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量）
I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情）
（5）many和much之後不接名詞時，作為代名詞；另外much也可用副詞。
Many of them were very tired.
I don't eat much for lunch. 〔代名詞）
He is much taller than I. （副詞〕
4. (a) few和(a) little的用法：
(1) (a) few用在復數可數名詞之前，(a) little用在不可數名詞之前。
He took a few biscuits. (=several)
He took few biscuits(=not many)
He took a little butter. (=some)
He took little butter. (=not much)
(2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。
The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.
Few (=Almost no) men can solve it.
(3) a few相當於some, several, 含肯定的意味。
He has a few (=some or several) friends.
(4) a little和little之間的差別，就和a few和few的差別一樣，只是(a) little須修飾不可數名詞，表量或程度。
He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.
He is not much better, but there is a little hope.
5. 其他的數量形容詞：
(1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表許多，修飾復數可數名詞或不可數名詞。
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.（復數名詞）
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.（不可數名詞）
(2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表（量）， 修飾不可數名詞。
The room contained a great deal of furniture. （不可數名詞）
The room contained a good deal of furniture. （不可數名詞）
The room contained a large quantity of furniture. （不可數名詞）
The room contained a large amount of furniture. （不可數名詞）
The room contained a small quantity of furniture. （不可數名詞）
The room contained a small amount of furniture. （不可數名詞）
(3) a number of 「許多；一些」；a great (large, good) number of 「許多」，修飾復數可數名詞，並且要與復數動詞連用。
A number of books are missing from the library.
The number of books from the library is large.
（the number of ＋復數名詞←→單數動詞）
The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.（復數可數名詞）
(4) enough的用法：
(A) 可接復數可數名詞和不可數名詞。
There are enough chairs. （可數）
There is enough furniture. （不可數）
(B) 可放在年修飾名詞的前後。
We don't have enough time. =We don't have time enough.
(5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of ＋復數可數名詞
冠詞或數詞(one, two...) ＋ (hundred, dozen, thousand, score) 復數可數名詞
(6) the rest of 「其餘的」， 可接復數可數名詞及不可數名詞，作主詞時，接可數名詞則用復數動詞，接不可數名詞則用單數動詞。
The rest of the students are absent. （復數可數名詞）
The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可數名詞）
註：the rest作代名詞， 等於 the others， 和復數動詞連用。
6. 不可名詞量的表示語：
(1) 不可數名詞可加表單位的形容片語，表示數的觀念。其公式為：
數詞＋單位詞＋of＋不可數名詞
(2) 各類表單位的形容詞片語。
(A) 物質名詞：
a piece (suit) of armour;
a piece (slice) of cake;
a piece (an article) of furniture;
a piece of jewelry;
a piece (sheet) of paper;
a cake of soap;
a piece (slice) of bacon;
a piece (stick) of chalk;
a bit (blade) of grass;
a piece (strip) of land;
a bit (grain) of rice;
a bowl of soup;
(B) 抽象名詞
a word of abuse;
an item (a bit) of business;
an attack of fever;
a bit (an amount) of interest;
a fit of passion;
a piece (word) of advice;
a piece of evidence;
a piece (an item) of information;
a piece (an item) of news;
(C) 自然現象：
a flash of lightening;
a bolt of thunder;
7. 名詞種類的表示語：kind of, sort of, type of,
(1) 三者都可接可數名詞及不可數名詞，其後的冠詞a (an)常被省略。
What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?
I don't like that sort of game.
(2) kind of, sort of, type of之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.
I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.
(3) 比較下列用法：（加*表非正式用法）
I don't like this (*those) kind of person.
I don't like many (or these) kinds of roses.
I like this kind of flower.
I like flowers of this kind.
I like *these kind of flowers.
I like this kind of roses.
I like roses of this kind. （置名詞後更強調種類）
I like roses of these kinds.（置名詞後更強調種類）
8. 數詞：
(1) 基數(Cardinal numerals)：one, two, three...
(A) 除one接單數名詞外，其餘均接復數名詞。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的後面須加and（但可以省略）。
12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序數(Ordinal mumerals)：first, second, third...
(A) 序數前面必須附以定冠詞。而a second, a third等，則是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序數。
It's on Friday, the fifth of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).
(C) 序數的簡體。
9th = the ninth; 12th = the twelfth; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分數：
(A) 分數的表示法：第一，分子用基數，分母用序數。第二，分子大於2時，分母須加「s」以形成復數。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分數可接與不可數名詞；所接的名詞是單數，則與單數動詞連用，是復數則與復數動詞連用。
A third of the peach was bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍數詞：常用的有half, double, treble（三倍）等。
(A) half a, a half, half the ＋名詞，表（一半的）。
He ran a half mile in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half還可作名詞，代名詞及副詞。
Two halves make a whole. （名詞）
This is half as much again as that. （副詞）
(C) 倍數常用的表達法：
(half; double; treble; twice; two times; three times; four times...) ＋定冠詞或所有形容詞＋名詞或所有代名詞
I had to pay double (= twice) the usual fare.
That window is three times the size of this.
9. 「數詞＋名詞」結合而成的形容詞：
(1) 數詞＋名詞＝形容詞
a five-dollar bill;
two three-hour periods;
the Three-power Conference(三強會議);
(2) 數詞＋名詞＋形容詞＝形容詞
a six-year-old boy;
a three-hundred-year-old tree;
註：上述的復合字是以hyphen(-)連結，而且其中的名詞要用單數形式。
(3) 名詞（無冠詞）＋基數＝the ＋序數＋名詞
World War Ⅱ= World War Two or the Second World War;
Vol. Ⅰ= Volume One or the First Volume;
Page 4 = page four or the fourth page;
Lesson 6 = lesson Six or the Sixth Lesson;
Chap. Ⅲ = Chapter Three or the Third Chapter;
Charles Ⅰ= Charles the First;
cf. Napoleon the Great = the Great Napoleon;
（這幾種用法，非專有名詞，可不用大寫，但等號兩邊須一致。〕
(4) 「數詞＋復數名詞」作主詞，雖為復數形，但強調單一性，則用單數動詞。若強調一個一個的個別數，則用復數動詞。
Thirty minutes is sufficient for a good sermon.
Fifty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes, but is nothing to him.
cf. Ten years have passed since I saw you last.
10. 各種數字的讀法：
(1) 年號的讀法：
1979←→nineteen seventy-nine or nineteen hundred (and) seventy-nine;
(2) 電話號碼；貨幣的讀法：
1023←→one o two three; 1227←→one double two (or two two) seven; $4.25←→four dollars (and) twenty-five (cents);
(3) 小數點的讀法：
13.91←→thirteen decimal (point) nine one; 0.23 = nought demical two three;
(4) 算術式的讀法：
2+3=5 Two plus three is (equals, is equal to) five.
5-3=2 Five minus three is equal to two.
3×2=6 Three times two is six. or Three by two are six.
9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes three.
形容詞（二〕：
1. 限定用法：形容詞緊靠著〔代）名詞，直接修飾該〔代）名詞。
(1) 前位修飾：
(A) 字尾為en或表比較的形容詞，大多隻能作限定用法，放在名詞的前面。
a wooden leg; earthen ware; his elder sister; the upper room, etc.
(B) 下列這些形容詞只有限定用法，沒有敘述用法。
upper; former; latter; outer; inner; utmost; mere; only; utter; main; certain; very; live; spare;
(C) 形容詞前有so; no; too; how等字時，不定冠詞應放在形容詞之後。
He could not do it in so short a time.
He is no less remarkable a man than his elder brother (is).
(2) 後位修飾：
(A) 名詞之後的數詞＋名詞＋old; long; high; wide; deep; etc.
a man eighty-five years old; a river two hundred miles long;
(B) 為加強語氣或音調美，而將限定形容詞放在後面。
He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.
(C) something; anything; everyone; anybody... ＋ 形容詞。
I'll tell you something very important.
That's nothing new.
(D) 由形容詞子句省略主詞和動詞而不的過去（或現在）分詞或形容詞片語。
I have answered all the letters (which were) received (by me).
Alfred was a king anxious for his people's welfare.
2. 敘述用法：形容詞作補語，間接地修飾〔代）名詞。
He was awake all the night. 〔主詞補語）
The noise kept me awake. 〔受詞補語）
註：可作限定用法和敘述用法的形容詞。
I have many trustworthy friends. 和 All of my friends are trustworthy.
It was a hot and sultry day. 和 The weather became hot and sultry.
3. 作補語的形容詞：
(1) be＋形容詞＋介系詞：由此結合而成的片語，有些等於及物動詞。
I am fond of skiing. = I like skiing.
He is afraid of it. = He fears it.
註：其他如：be capable of; be concerned with; be (un)familiar with (to); be late for; be subject to; be worthy of; etc.
(2) 某些已轉化為形容詞的過去分詞，其後通常接at; about; with; in; of等介詞。
John is interested in English grammar.
He was surprised at her behaviour.
(3) be＋形容詞＋介系詞：可接〔代）名詞，動名詞，或名詞子句，但名詞子句若是hat子句須省略介詞，因that子句不可直接作介詞的受詞。
She was not aware of the facts.
She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned.
She was not aware that there is danger.
(4) It+ be ＋形容詞＋that子句
It is true that she never came.
此類形容詞有：certain; likely; obvious; plain; possible; true; etc.
(A) that子句中的假設法。
It is appropriate that he (should) get the post. （should可省略〕
(B) 人稱形容詞亦可接其他連接詞引導的子句。
I'm not sure why he came.
I'm not clear where she went.
4. 有關worth; worth while; worthy的句型 如下:
(A) 主詞(含it) + be worth + (動)名詞
(B) It(虛主詞) + be worth while + 不定詞或動名詞
(C) 主詞 + be worthy + of + (動)名詞
主詞 + be worthy + 不定詞
This book is worth reading. (= It is worth while to read this book. = This book is worthy of reading. = This book is worthy to be read.)
5. like和as: like只能作介詞不能作連接詞; as則兩者都可。
I hoped to succeed as you have (succeeded).
I hoped to succeed like you.
I hope to succeed *like you have. (like作連詞是非正式的用法)
冠詞 (三)
1. 不定冠詞的用法:
(1) a用在子音前; an用在母音前。
An hour
(2) 表同種類的全體, 此時a帶有any的意味。
A dog is a faithful animal. (=Dogs are faithful animals.)
(3) 等於one。
I have a sister and two brothers.
(4) 等於the same.
Birds of a feather flock together.
(5) 等於per「每一......」。
We work eight hours a day. Ninety miles an hour;
(6) a = a certain, 表說話者不認識此人。
Do you know a Mr. Smith?
(7) 物質名詞或抽象名詞加a (an)即成普通名詞，
Asparagus is a grass. (a = a kind of) ;
This is a good cloth for summer.
(8) 「have (or take) + a + 抽象名詞」，與抽象名詞的動詞形同義。
Let us take a swim. = Let us swim.
2. 定冠詞的用法：
(1) 由於上下文的關系, 某名詞所指的東西已非常明顯, 或已有一定的范圍, 該名詞應加the。
Shut the door.
Please pass me the caster.
(2) 表該名詞的總稱。
The cow is a useful animal. (= Cows are useful animals.)
(3) 前面已提過的名詞，再度提到時前面加the。
Once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage.
The cottage was in the country, and the boy lived there all his life.
(4) 用於為片語或子句所修飾的名詞之前。
This is the book that I promised to lend you.
(5) 用在宇宙（獨一無二）的天體名詞之前。
The sun; the moon; the sky; the earth;
(6) 用在方位，方向等名詞之前。
The sun rises in the east and set in the west.
(7) 樂器的名稱前要加the。
To play the piano (violin, guitar, flute, etc.)
(8) 表示單位的名詞前要加the。
Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
Meat is sold by the catty.
(9) 在最高級的形容詞或序數(the first...)之前要加the。
Taiwan is the best place to live in.
(10)專有名詞在下列情況可加the。
（A）海、河、運河的名稱：The Thames; the Bahamas;
(B) 復數形的專有名詞: The West Indies; the Bahamas;
（C）船泊的名稱: The Queen Mary; the Flying Scotsman; the Comet;
(D) 書報、雜志、經典的名稱： the Times; the Central Daily News; the Koran;
(E) 公共建築、機關的名稱: The Ritz Hotel; the Ministry of Ecation;
(F) 國民的總稱: the French; the Japanese; the Chinese;
(G) 用在姓氏的復數前指其全家人: The Chens will move to the country.
3. 冠詞的省略:
(1) 稱呼語之前不加冠詞。
Waiter, bring my bill, please.
(2) 家庭稱謂如父母兄弟前不加冠詞，甚至傭人也都不需加冠詞。
Father is out, but Mother is at home.
Cook has made mince-pies for Christmas.
(3) 三餐名稱前不加冠詞。
Come to dinner (breakfast, lunch) with me.
(4) 運動、游戲、顏色、感官的名詞前不加冠詞。
He likes basketball.
White is a beautiful color.
Do you play bridge?
Sight is one of the five senses.
(5) 表官職、身份或親屬關系的名詞當補語，或作同位語時不加冠詞。
He was elected president.
George Ⅵ, King of England.
(6) School; church; hospital等字，指原有的用途時不加冠詞，若指建築物本身或場所時，則要加冠詞。
School begins at eight. （school作抽象名詞用）
The school stands on the hill. （school指建築物）
(7) 兩個相對的名詞並用時不加冠詞。
Arm in arm; day by day; man to man; young and old;
副詞 (四)(Red修飾Blue)
1. 副詞的用法:
(1) 修飾動詞: He works hard. He speaks slowly.
(2) 修飾形容詞: The flower is very beautiful.
(3) 修飾其他副詞: He works very hard.
(4) 修飾名詞: Even a child (or Even he) can do it.
(5) 修飾全句: Probably he will come back.
(6) 修飾副詞片語: He came exactly at two o』clock.
(7) 修飾副詞子句: He started soon after we came.
2. 副詞的位置
(1) 副詞修飾形容詞、副詞（片語或子句）時，通常放在前面。
The mountain is very beautiful.
He came long before the appointed time.
(2) 修飾動詞的副詞
不及物動詞 + 副詞 She speaks well.
及物動詞 + 受詞 + 副詞 She speaks English well.
(3) 表確定時間或場所的副詞, 通常放在句首或句末, 放在句首時語氣較強。
She was born in Taipei in 1948.
(4) always, never, often, sometimes, usually等頻率副詞的位置。
(A) 在一般動詞前: They always say so.
(B) 有動詞be時,在be動詞後: I am always busy.
(C) 有助動詞時, 在助動詞和本動詞間: This job will never be finished.
(5) 置於句首修飾全句: Fortunately he succeeded in the examination.
(6) 同類兩個以上的副詞須依 (單位較小者 + 單位較大者) 的順序排列。
He lives at Taichung, in Taiwan, Republic of China.
(7) 有兩個以上不同種類的副詞修飾語時, 其順序為: 地點+狀態+次數+時間。
She arrived there safely the other day.
3. 時間副詞
(1) Time「時候」: 可以用作when的答語, 如: late ( = at a late time), now ( = at this time), presently (= at the present time), then ( = at that time), just, nowadays, today, etc.
I』ve just heard that you are leaving us. ( = at this very moment)
Nowadays, many teenagers have long hair. ( = at the present time)
注: 兩個以上表時間的副詞須依「單位小的時間＋單位大的時間」排列。
I』ll see you at nine on Monday.
(2) Duration「期間」 : 用來作how long的答語，如：
momentarily, temporarily, for many weeks, long, from May till August, etc.
Has he been ill long? Yes, he has been ill since the end of May.
He was away from school (for) four or five weeks.
(3) Frequency「頻率」: 用來作how often的答語，可分兩種：
(A) 非限定頻率：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, etc.
The sun always rises in the east. My brother rarely writes to me.
(B) 限定頻率：daily, hourly, monthly, annually, twice, everyday, once, etc.
I have been in Singapore once.
We have English lessons every other day.
註：以上三種時間副詞在一起時，其順序為「期間＋頻率＋時間」。
I was there for a day or so every year ring my childhood.
註： Seldom, rarely, never等有否定意義的頻率副詞置於句首，要將助動詞或be動詞放在主詞之前。
Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs.
4.地方副詞: 表示where？的副詞，也包括「動態方向」的副詞，如：
below, by, down, elsewhere, far, here, home, in, locally, near, off, opposite, out, around, away, back, outward(s), right, sideway(s), upward(s), etc.
(1) 地方副詞通常置於句尾，加強語氣時可放在句首。
He lives in a small village. They are not there.
(2) 兩個地放副詞並列時，地方確定的副詞在後面，地方不確定的副詞在前面。
The children running around upstairs.
(3) 兩個以上的地方副詞須依「小地方＋大地方」的順序排列。
Many people eat in restaurants in London.
5. 幾個特殊副詞的用法：
(1) enough, too,
(A) enough放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞後面; too放在形容詞和副詞前面。
She』s old enough to do some work.
She』s too old to do any work.
(B) too...to + 動詞「太…而不能」, enough to + 動詞「足夠可以」(= so...that)
I am too poor to afford such extravagance.
= I am so poor that I cannot afford such extravagance.
You are rich enough to keep a maid.
= You are so rich that you can keep a maid.
(2) very, much,
(A) very修飾形容詞，副詞； much (或very much)修飾動詞。
He spoke very carefully.
It is much talked about these days.
(B) Very修飾原級形容詞及副詞；much修飾比較級，最高級的形容詞及副詞。
Your work is very good.
This is much better.
This is much (by far) the best.
(3) already, yet, still,
(A) Already用於肯定句，作「已經」解； yet用於否定句，作「還」解，用於疑問句作「已經」解。
I already like him. (= I have by this time come to like him.)
He can』t drive yet. (= He can』t drive up to this time.)
註：Already用在疑問句或否定句時，表驚訝。
Have you already seen him? (= That was quick.)
(B) Still表動作或狀態的持續，作「仍然」解。
I still like him. (= I continue to like him.)
註：Still放在動詞前後，有時句意不同。
He is still standing. (continue to stand)
He is standing still. (= standing motionless)
(4)only和 also常隨句中位置的變動，句意和語氣也會改變。
Only John phoned Mary today.
John phoned only Mary today.
John phoned Mary only today (today only).
(5) just, merely, purely, simply等字放在所修飾的詞語之前；
⑵ 初中英語語法總結
以我看來學習英語不能一步登天，如果真心要學好英語就應該多一點努力少一點僥回幸，眾多高手的方法有很答多我不太認同，初二的英語很重要，比初三還重要，只要初二的學好了，初三的學起來就有希望多了。
學好英語最重要的是培養良好的語感，千萬不要錯過每一次的早晚讀。良好的語感會讓我們學起單詞和語法很有幫助。閱讀理解就更不用說了。
http://groups.tianya.cn/tribe/showArticle.jsp?groupId=411854&articleId=
⑶ 初中英語語法總結
。「語法要精，就用奧風！」你可以試試奧風英語的 中學語法三劍客。中學語版法三劍客分中考版和高考版。中權考/高考語法完全突破 視頻教程，記憶大綱，和精編中考/高考語法專項練習，三件一套，可以說是目前公認最好的語法資料了。網路 中考語法完全突破 就能找到視頻教程，不妨找來看看。
⑷ 初中英語語法總結，要全啊
我是轉載的 看看吧：
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2）情態動詞 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1） shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？
2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢？
b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意願。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開？十分鍾後。
2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3）在時間或條件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後，讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡，就寫信給你。
4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have （has） +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）
I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）
He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）
He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續）
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
（錯）I have received his letter for a month.
（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意：並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現在已不在這里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）
注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1）（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。
3） since +從句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後，變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後，變化可大了。
4） It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1） 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 （表結果）
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）
2） 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
3） 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1） 兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先後，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。
2 ） 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1） 構成will have done
2） 概念
a. 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時，你已經到達上海了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法：
a. 表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。（說話時並未在寫，只處於寫作的狀態。）
c. 表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由於沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1）表示事實狀態的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理狀態的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.20 過去進行時
1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作延續的時候，另一個短動作發生。
3） 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，後跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
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⑻ 初中英語的語法總結
1.名詞：單復數復，所有格制，可數與不可數
2.人稱代詞：名詞性物主代詞、形容詞性物主代詞，人稱代詞主格和賓格的用法
3.指示代詞用法
4.系動詞用法
5.時態用法
6.to do 和 doing 用法
7.there be 句型
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