㈠ 高中英語語法有哪些
動詞 名詞 形容詞 副詞 賓語從句 主語從句 定語從句 狀語從句,虛擬語氣 ,主謂一致等等 ,買本語法書,分章節的,那就全知道了
我是一個高考的過來人,高考成績129分,平時大考碰狗屎運也考過130+的分數。首先我想請閣下明白一個道理冰凍三尺非一日之寒,所以堅持很重要,英語是一門很看重積累的科目。 雖然我高考已經好多年了,而且今年即將大學畢業,踏入社會。但英語一直沒有丟,英語一直是我的排頭兵!我對英語的自信還有,我覺得學好英語不難,重要的是你要有恆心,急躁冒進,三天打漁兩天曬網都是不行的。在這里我就毛遂自薦一下我的學習方法吧: 首先先你要端正心態,不要急躁,,你做你自己的事,這樣才能靜下心來學習。要成為英語高手就必須比別人走更多的路,做更多的事。你應該明白一個事實,英語是單詞和語法的綜合,所以單詞和語法都要拿下。 其次,對於單詞,有如下幾種方法,第一個,是加強記憶的頻度,也就是說,早上記了幾個,隔幾個小時又看一次,總之一天之內,記憶的間隔不要太長,否則你辛苦積累的記憶會隨著時間的延長而淡化,第二個,是可以根據自己的理解編順口溜,比如good morning 是狗摸你…(見笑了)…,第三個,最重要的是,記單詞的時候,不要忘了閱讀,一邊記單詞,一邊看文章,這樣可以把孤立的單詞串聯起來,記憶的效果會加倍,第四個。我建議你記單詞要分門別類記憶,要形成一個意群,比如,重要性用magnitude magnificence ,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……這樣做在你寫作時,是十分有好處的,寫作時不要盡寫一些低級詞彙,你要寫高級詞彙,比如重要性寫magnitude,許多寫a multitude of 或者handsome。再次,是語法。學習語法,首先要明白什麼是主謂賓定狀補,什麼是系動詞,什麼是直接賓語,間接賓語,這些是學習語法的基礎,語法是房子,主謂賓定狀補等是沙石磚瓦。然後就要多做一些語法專項練習,並在此過程中不斷總結,並時時回顧那些了解,那些依然不理解,需要注意的是,那些不理解的一定要花時間弄清楚,否則對自己的不負責將會導致英語語法一知半解的結局!這對於想成為英語高手的人來說,是十分不利的!(註:本人從開始時不知主謂賓,到熟練掌握語法,把語法書看了不下二十遍,書都翻爛了!莫笑本人愚笨……) 此外,對於完形填空以及閱讀理解,那就只能靠平時的練習了,在這個過程中,你要時時總結,縱深對比,千萬不要陷入題海戰術只做題,不總結的誤區當中。在做題的過程中,你把各種體型都總結了一遍,積累了豐富的經驗,而且你還提升了自己的閱讀速度,一舉兩得,所以做題是很重要的!其實,完形填空無非就是單項選擇加語境分析,也就是說,做完形填空你的語法要好,而且你要積累比較多的固定搭配,短語,特殊用法等,完形填空的語法還是很重要的!對於閱讀,我個人感覺是,純粹是個人經驗積累多少的問題,只有保證一定的練習量,你才能用質的提高!最後,我建議你,平時讀報,或者做題的時候,發現有好的句子好的詞彙,你要抄下來,長期下來,你的作文會有提高的,需要說明的是,這個提高過程可能很緩慢,但是最後能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保證在21-23這個級別,靠的就是對語法的熟練掌握和積累了許多較高級的詞彙,句型,句子。我個人的理解是,在你的語法達到基本不會出錯的程度上,作文便應該以詞彙取勝,因為在這個層次上,大家的語法都差不多,沒什麼變化,唯一有變化的就是你的詞彙!給你打個比方吧,很多想到「許多」就用many,但是你別忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到「專家」就寫expert,但很少人會想到specialist,很多人在想到「擅長」這詞,就寫be good at ,卻不知還有更高級的表達法:be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才,就體現在這些細微的差別上 !!
㈡ 高中英語應該掌握的語法和哪些知識
高中英語有十五個語法點一:名詞和冠詞,考點有名詞的可數與不可數,名詞的格,名詞作定語,冠詞的考點是,定冠詞與不定冠詞,零冠詞。二:代詞和it的用法,一般常考的是other,another,the other,others的區別,both,either,neither,all,every,each,none的區別,還有something,anything,everything的用法(這個比較簡單)這一塊最難的應該是it,that,one作代詞時的區別了三:介詞和連詞,一般考動詞的固定搭配,in,at,for,to,of,on,with,about,from,into,after···常用介詞。連詞最常考得應該是「除此之外」了,expect,expect for,besides,還有表原因的連詞;as,for,since,because的區別四:形容詞和副詞,這一塊比較簡單最常考的就是比較級了,其次是以ly結尾但不是副詞的詞了,比如說friendly是形容詞,形容詞的排序問題在今年的高考中也出現了,不過這個是基礎但不是重點五:動詞和動詞短語,這個考點是重點,在完形填空及改錯和單選中是必考的,這個只能靠你自己的積累,課本中的動詞短語是重點,必須記下來六:情態動詞和虛擬語氣,常見的情態動詞就夠應付考試了,虛擬語氣是高中語法的難點但不是重點七:動詞的時態和語態(就是主動句和被動句)時態有一般現在時,一般過去時,現在進行時,過去進行時,一般將來時,現在進行表將來,一般現在表將來,過去將來時(一般不考),現在完成時,過去完成時,現在完成進行時(現在很常考)。八:非謂語動詞,動名詞作主語,不定式作主語,動名詞作賓語,不定式作賓語,動名詞作定語,不定式做定語,這一塊也比較簡單九:數詞和主謂一致,數詞的考點;基數詞,序數詞,分數,百分數,(這一塊既不是難點也不是重點),主謂一致在以前比較重要,現在地位有所下降十:簡單句和並列句,這一塊很簡單十一:定語從句,這可是重點,不過只要上課認真聽,這一塊其實不難理解十二:名詞性從句,常和定語從句進行比較區別,尤其是what和that的區別十三:狀語從句,時間地點狀語從句,原因狀語從句,結果狀語從句,方式狀語從句,目的狀語從句,有一個問題可以總結以上三個從句十四:省略,倒裝和強調。比較常考的是,部分倒裝和全部不倒裝,這一塊就這一個重點十五:交際英語,也就是口語,這一部分現在很火,每年必考,這個只有靠自己總結。以上就是十五道選擇題的來源,當然,不是哪個都會考得,你只要學會以上十五個考點,在高考時絕對沒問題謝謝採納!
高中英語語法
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,定語,狀語等。
順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數詞,不定式等充當。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態或特徵。
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態,語態和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們為人民學習。
2),復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分,它位於系動詞如be之後,說明主語身份,特徵,屬性或狀態。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之後,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數詞,動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之後。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。
7.補語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態或正在進行的動作,因為英語中有些動詞加賓語後意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說:我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應該說:我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的「美麗的(beautiful)」為形容詞做補語,說明祖國的狀態。英語句子為:We will make our country more beautiful.作補語的詞或片語為:形容詞,副詞,名詞,不定式,ing形式,數詞等。
句子的類型:
1.主語+謂語
2.主語+謂語+狀語
3.主語+謂語+賓語
4.主語+系動詞+表語
5.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
6.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語
7.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
㈢ 高中英語語法總結,以及一些必備的英語片語、詞彙和句型 [email protected]
時態和語態
一、 一般現在時:
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
4.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
例句:. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others.
二、 一般過去時:
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞,行為動詞的過去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時:
1.概念:表示說話時正在進行的動作及行為或現階段持續的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本結構:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
What are you doing now? He is reading this week.
四、 過去進行時:
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或持續進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 3.基本結構:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時:
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語:so far, until now ,recently , lately, since…for…,in the past few years
,in recent….
3.基本結構:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句:have或has 放於句首。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時:
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為並對此造成的影響或結果,即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by+點時間+過去時間,etc. 3.基本結構:had + done. 4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般將來時:
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。
They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It will rain.
八、 過去將來時:
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
九.將來完成時:
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前完成的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時間短語(將來);by the time+從句[將來]
3.基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.現在完成進行時:
1.概念:在過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直持續到說話為止
2.基本結構:have/has +been+doing
動詞的語態
一般用於強調承受者, 主語是謂語動詞的承受者。動詞的語態是和時態、非謂語動詞一起考,只是需要注意以下考點。
考點一:不能用於被動語態的動詞和片語
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
考點二:下列動詞是主動表被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。
lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責備);ride (乘坐); write ( 寫 );
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。
考點三:一些常用經典被動句型:
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…, It is expected…stimated…,
這些句子一般翻譯為「據說……」,「人們認為……」, 而 「以前人們認為……」 則應該說:It was believed…, It was thought…
㈣ 高中英語語法大全
1根據您的情況,能在短期內沖高分的只有作文,聽力,閱讀,完型了,至於考查語法比較多的單項選擇,那就容後再說了。你可以多看語法書上的練習題以及解析,培養一種感覺,不懂的多問老師,盡量掃除多一點的盲點,在語法這一塊能爭多少分就多少分。
2作文就是多背一些模板,高級句型,片語,考試時候把字體寫好一點。
3閱讀完型跟語法聯系不是很大,所以這是提高幅度僅次於作文的兩塊。既然跟語法沒有關系,那麼它們就跟你的語感,經驗密切相關了,這些只能靠做題,並適時總結,時時回顧來達到了。
4聽力,你要好好總結一下,常考題型有哪些,一般某種題型是怎樣提問的,是怎樣設置陷阱的,還有就是在什麼地方暗示答案的。比如數值型的題目,人家問你a book 多少錢,一般聽到的都不是答案,數值型需要一定的計算,而計算的最常用方法就是discount,打折等……這些就是聽力題中常見的考點。你可以花點時間看看聽力原文,看出題人怎樣設置答案的,這樣提問的……這些都能讓你心中有數,而不會在考試的時候蒙掉了,也不會讓你在考試的時候不知道聽哪裡。
其實聽力,也是練出來的,為了保證一定的強度,你還可以把聽力的mp3放進手機里,不論走路,還是吃飯,或者是逛商場……你都可以隨時聽,,因為聽力很注重語感,所以到了你需要應付考試的時候,你能天天聽,時時聽,那更是重要!
我能說的只能是這些,至於具體的語法細節就只能靠您自己把握了。祝你好運!!!
㈤ 高中英語語法包括哪些,哪些語法考試必考
一、高中英語語法:
基數詞
表示數目多少或順序先後的詞叫數詞。
1.基數詞的構成:
1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;
11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, ei
1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand m
Two of the girls are from Tokyo.
這些姑娘中有兩位來自東京。
2)作賓語:
Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.
四個人申請這工作,但我們僅需一人。
3)作表語:
The population of China is over 1.3 billion.
中國有十三億多人口。
I』m twenty while my brother is sixteen.
我二十歲,我弟弟十六歲。
4)作定語:
We have 300 workers in our company.
我們公司有三百名員工。
Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名學生參加了這次采訪。
5)作同位語:
You two clean these seats.
你們兩個打掃這些位子。
Have you got tickets for us three?
有我們三個人的票嗎?
序數詞
表示順序或等級。
1. 序數詞的構成:
1-10: first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th;
11-19: eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;
20-90: twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th;
≥100:
100 hundredth;
1,000 thousandth;
1,000,000 millionth;
1,000,000,000 billionth
2、序數詞的用法
1)作主語:
The second is what I really need.
第二個是我真正需要的。
The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.
第一個瓶已滿,但第二個還空著。
2)作賓語:
I got a third in biology.
我生物得到了第三名。
Do you prefer the first or the second?
第一個和第二個你更喜歡哪一個呢?
3)作表語:
I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you
.我將是第一個支持你的人,也是最不會反對你的人。
Columbus was the first who discovered America.
哥倫布是第一個發現美洲的人。
4)作定語:
I』ll try a second time and see if I can do it.
我還要試一次,看看我能否做得了。
Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you』ll get there.
在第一個轉彎處向右轉,然後在第二個轉彎處向左轉就到了。
5)作狀語:
He came second in the race.
他在賽跑中得了第二名。
It was a snowy day when we first met.
我們初次見面時是一個下雪的日子。
3、 序數詞前冠詞的使用
1) 明確指明了先後順序或一系列事物按一定的規律排列時,序數詞前用定冠詞。
This is the second time that I have been in London.
這是我第二次來倫敦。
Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.
阿爾瓦市懷特家的第五個孩子。
2) 表示「又一、再一」,不強調順序時,序數詞前用不定冠詞。
You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?
今天你已經買了四個玩具了,為什麼還想再買一個呢?
I failed again, but I will try a third time.
我又失敗了,可是我要再試一次。
3) 序數詞前有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格或其他修飾語時不用任何冠詞。
My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.
我五歲前是和祖父母一塊度過的。
Mrs. Black』s second child is a genius.
布萊克夫人的第二個孩子是個天才。
4) 序數詞與名詞構成復合形容詞時,冠詞由被修飾詞而定。此時序數詞是復合形容詞的一部分而不是獨立的,前面的冠詞完全由這個形容詞所修飾的名詞而定。
This MPV car is a second-hand one.
這輛商務車是二手的。
Habit is second nature.
習慣是第二天性。
5) 序數詞還可作副詞,此時不用任何冠詞。
First I am short of money; second I haven』t enough time.
首先我缺錢,其次我沒有足夠的時間。
6) 序數詞用在表示「每隔……」的every 後,其前不用冠詞。
every second day 每隔一天
every fifth day 每隔四天
every second line 每隔一行
7) 某些固定搭配中序數詞前不用冠詞。
first of all 首先
at first 起初
at first sight 乍一看,第一
數詞的用法
1. 分數:表示分數時,分子須用基數詞,分母須用序數詞。
(分子是1以上的任何數時,作分母的序數詞要用復數形式。)
1) 真分數通常用英語單詞表達。
one-fourth 四分之一
two-fifths 五分之二
a quarter 四分之一
2) 分子和分母的數目較大時,兩者都用基數詞,之間用over/by/out of/in 連接。
Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.
二十個學生中有七個通過了飛行測試。
3) 帶分數:「整數+ and + 分數部分」。
Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.
周末期間的降雨量達二又四分之一英寸。
2. 小數:小數總是用阿拉伯數字表達。小數點後不論有多少位都不能用逗號分開,但小數點之前的數依然按照三位一個逗號的原則書寫。
0.786432 120,372.428
注意:小數點前的數按普通基數詞的讀法讀,小數點後的數每一位都要單獨讀。
15.503 讀作fifteen point five zero three
0.05 讀作zero point zero five
3. 百分數:百分數中的數目用阿拉伯數字,後接percent或百分號(%),在專業統計或表格中常用%代替percent,在句首時則用英語單詞書寫。
I have invested 40 percent of my income.
我把40%的收入用作投資了。
Farmers』 income has increased by 30%.
農民的收入已經增加了30%。
4、 倍數:表示倍數時,一倍用once,兩倍 用twice/double,三倍以上用「基數詞+ times」。
1)「倍數 + as many/much … as …」
My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.
我同桌聲稱他的郵票是我的兩倍。
This computer costs three times as much as that one.
這台計算機的價格是那台的三倍。
2)「倍數 + the size of …」
用法與size相同的名詞常見的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),width(寬度),age(年齡),length(長度)等。
Our playground is five times the size of theirs.
我們的操場是他們的五倍大。
This street is twice/double the width of that one.
這條大街是那條大街的兩倍寬。
3)「倍數 + what從句」
The value of the house is double what it was.
這所房子的價值是原來的兩倍。
People』s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
人們的平均收入是十年前的五倍。
4)「倍數 + 比較級 + than」
The room is twice larger than ours.
這間房子比我們的房子大兩倍。
This ball seats three times more people than that one.
這個大廳能坐的人數是那個大廳的四倍。
5)「比較級 + than … + by + 倍數/程度」
The line is longer than that one by twice.
這根線是那根線的兩倍長。
The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.
中國人口是美國人口的六倍多。
5、四則運算:
1)加法:在口語中,小數目的加法常用and代表「+」,is 或 are 代表「=」。
在正式的場合或較大數目的加法用plus代表「+」,equals或is 代表「=」。
7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.
2) 減法:在口語中,小數目的減法用「Take away + 減數 + from + 被減數 + and you get + 余數」
「減數 + from + 被減數 + leaves/is + 余數」
在正式的場合或較大數目的減法用minus 代表「—」,equals 代表「=」。
12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.
21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.
3) 乘法:在口語中,小數目的乘法的乘數用復數形式,用are 代表「=」。
大數目的乘法用times代表「×」,is/makes 代表「=」。
在正式的場合下用multiplied by 代表「×」,equals 代表「=」。
4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588
Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
4) 除法:小數目的除法:用divided by 代表「÷」,equals 代表「=」。
「被除數 + divided by + 除數 + equals + 商」;「除數 + into + 被除數 + goes + 商」
32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.
Four into thirty-two goes eight.
大數目的除法:用divided by 代表「÷」,equals 代表「=」。
216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.
6、比率:一般來說表示比率都用阿拉伯數字(包括句首的情況),但在非專業性的文字中,也可用英語單詞的形式。
The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.
七比四寫作7:4或7/4。
You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.
你成功的機會只有一半。
7、編號:用基數詞時 名詞 + 基數詞 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…
用序數詞時 the + 序數詞 + 名詞 ?the First World War
8、年代與幾十幾歲:通常是逢十的基數詞用作復數形式。表示年代的數詞前用定冠詞 in the 90s;表示歲數的數詞前用形容詞用物主代詞 in one』s twenties
9、約數:
1)表示「大約」可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less,用or so 表示「左右、大約」置於數詞之後。
The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.
The man in rags is sixty years old or so.
那個衣衫襤褸的男子大約有六十歲/六十歲左右。
Peter is something like thirty.
皮特大約有三十歲。
2)「多於、超過」用more/than/over/above;「少於、不超過」用less than。
She was more than/less than forty when she got married.
她結婚時有四十多歲/不到四十歲。
3)其他
半天(小時)half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour
一個半 a day and a half=one and a half days
兩天半 two days and a half=two and a half days
一兩天……one or two days=a day or two
兩三天/周/個蘋果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…
三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time
三年五載 from three to five years; in a few years
三三兩兩 in twos and threes; in knots
二、高中英語語法考試必考的內容:
1、as 句型
(1) as引導方式狀語從句句型:「按照……;正如……」
例:As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你們國家一樣,我們北方種植小麥,南方種植水稻。
(2) as+形容詞/副詞原級+(a /an)+名詞+as ;
否定式:not as/so --- as
例:He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一樣是位優秀的運動員。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致於……
例:She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一個如此的一個笨蛋以致相信了他所說的話。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致於……
例:He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的強壯以致於能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之類的…… (接名詞或定語從句)
例:He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成為一個像雷鋒這樣的人。
(6) the same +名詞+as 和……一樣的…… (接名詞或定語從句)
例:He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是從前的那樣子了。
(7) as 引導非限制性定語從句
例:As is known to us, knowledge is power.
眾所周知,知識就是力量。
(8)引導時間狀語從句,與while意義相近
例:We get wiser as we get older.
隨著我們長大,我們也變得越來越聰明。
(9) 引導原因狀語從句,與 because的用法相近
例:As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因為越來越遲了,所以我們不久就回來了。
(10) 引導讓步狀語從句
例:Child as he is, he knows much about science.
盡管他是一個小孩,但他對科學了解得很多。
2、prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例:I prefer to stay at home.
我寧願呆在家裡。
(2) prefer doing sth
例:I prefer playing in defence.
我喜歡打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例:Would you prefer me to stay?
你願意我留下來嗎?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
寧願…...而不願...
例句:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我寧願呆在家裡而不願出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例:I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜歡看籃球,不喜歡打籃球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例:I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when 句型
(1) be doing sth...when...
例:He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑著的時候門突然開了,他妻子走了進來。
(2) be about to do sth ... when ...
例:We were about to start when it began to rain.
我們剛要出發,天就開始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例:I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在勞累了一天之後我剛剛就寢,電話鈴就響了。
4、seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that從句
例:It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看來好像每個人都很滿意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例:It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是對的,
(3) There seems to be ...
例:There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一場大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例:It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看樣子她不能來上課了。
5、表示「相差……;增加了……;增加到……」句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我們之間相差一歲。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三歲。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他們把價格上漲了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工資已經漲到了每月10,000元。
6、what 引導的名詞性從句
(1) what 引導主語從句
例:What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
讓我吃驚的是每個人似乎對她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不關心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引導賓語從句
例:We can learn what we do not know.
我們能學會我們不懂的東西。
(3) what 引導表語從句
例:That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引導同位語從句
例:I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他們正在談論什麼。
7、too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例:Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了,不能由政治家來決定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例:I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家裡就非常高興。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例:These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿這雙鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例:This is too difficult a text for me.
這篇課文對我來說太難了。
(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過
例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
8、where 句型
(1) where 引導的定語從句
例:This is the house where he lived last year.
這就是他去年住過的房子。
(2) where 引導的狀語從句
例:Where there is a will,there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他將鑰匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引導的表語從句
例:This is where you are wrong.
這正是你錯的地方。
9、wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人現在做某事
例:I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一樣強壯。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人過去做某事
例: I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早點告訴我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人將來做某事
例:I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你這次會成功。
11、 before 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 寧願做……而不願做……
例:She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她寧可死也不去背叛祖國。
(2) would rather have done sth 寧願過去做過某事
例:I would rather have taken his advice.
我寧願過去接受他的意見。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 寧願某人過去做過某事
例:I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通過上星期的考試。
(4) would rather sb did sth 寧願某人現在或將來做某事
例: Who would you rather went with you?
你寧願誰和你一起去?
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……
例:Before I could get in a word ,he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話,他就給我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +時間+ before + 還有多長時間……
例:It will be 4 years before he graates.
他還有四年時間變畢業了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例:We hadn』t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。
(5) It was not +一段時間+ before 不多久就……
例:It wasn』t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們離開了那國家。
13、用於表示過去未實現的希望和計劃的句型
(1) It is /was +被強調部分+that(who)...
例:It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天給我叔叔寫信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被強調部分 + that (who) ...
例:Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇見的是你兄弟嗎?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑問詞 + is/was it that ...
例:How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎樣去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +謂語動詞 (強調謂語)
例:They do know the place well.
他們的確很熟悉那個地方。
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例:I would like to have written to you.
我本想給你寫信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時態表示原打算做什麼)
例:Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一場籃球比賽。
㈥ 請給我30到50個高中英語常用的詞語的名詞,動詞,形容詞,副詞,過去式的形式。
名詞形容詞副詞哪兒有過去式……
動詞常用的就高中英語書後的不顧則動詞表
㈦ 求高中英語語法固定片語大全!
一、接不定式(而不接動名詞)作賓語的24個常用動詞afford to do sth. 負擔得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 請求做某事
care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 決定做某事 decide to do sth. 決定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 決心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 幫助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 學習做某事 manage to do sth. 設法做某事
offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某事
prepare to do sth. 准備做某事 pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事
promise to do sth. 答應做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事
註:有些不及物動詞後習慣上也接不定式,不接動名詞:
aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作賓補的36個常用動詞advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.請(叫)某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 導致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth .驅使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 選舉某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 強迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 討厭某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜歡某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 寧願某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 訓練某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事三、接動名詞(不接不定式)作賓語的34個常用動詞
admit doing sth. 承認做某事 advise doing sth. 建議做某事
allow doing sth. 允許做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事
delay doing sth. 推遲做某事 deny doing sth. 否認做某事
discuss doing sth. 討論做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜愛做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事
excuse doing sth. 原諒做某事 fancy doing sth. 設想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原諒做某事 give up doing sth. 放棄做某事
imagine doing sth. 想像做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 錯過做某事 pardon doing sth. 原諒做某事
permit doing sth. 允許做某事 practice doing sth. 練習做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推遲做某事 report doing sth. 報告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒險做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 understand doing sth. 理解做某事四、接現在分詞作賓補的20個常用動詞
bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感覺某人做某事
find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 聽某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth. 看著某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 觀察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事 send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事
set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事 start sb. doing sth. 使某人開始做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 觀五、接動詞原形作賓補的11個常用動詞
feel sb. do sth. 感覺某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做某事 let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 聽著某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看著某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth. 觀察某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 觀察某人做某事五、接不定式或動名詞作賓語意思相同的12個動詞
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜歡做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜歡做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 寧可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 開始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 開始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 繼續做某事
can』t bear to do sth / can』t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻煩做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 試圖做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事六、接不定式或動名詞作賓語意思不同的7個動詞
(1) remember to do sth. 記住要做某事 remember doing sth. 記住曾做過某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記曾做過某事
(3) regret to do sth. 後悔(遺憾)要做某事 regret doing sth. 後悔(遺憾)曾做過某事
(4) try to do sth. 設法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事試試看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
(6) can』t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 can』t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事後接著做另一事 go on doing sth. 繼續做一直在做的事
註:stop to do sth. 與stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下來去做某事,後者指停止正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是賓語,是目的狀語七、可接雙賓語的38個常用動詞
(1) 雙賓語易位時需藉助介詞to的常用動詞
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 頒獎給某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物帶給某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借給某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 將某物給某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付給某人某物(錢) post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物讀給某人聽 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物還給某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送給某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物賣給某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物給某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿給某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告訴某人某情況 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔給某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 給某人寫信(2) 雙賓語易位時需藉助介詞for的常用動詞
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 為某人預定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 為某人買某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 為某人選某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 為某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 為某人畫某物f etch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 為某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 為某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 為某人准備某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 為某人拿來某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 為某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 為某人訂購某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 為某人採摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 為某人准備某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 為某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 為某人唱某物(歌) spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 為某人讓出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 為某人偷某物八、可用於「動詞+sb+of sth」的8個常見動詞
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪),指責某人做某事
cheat sb. fo sth. 騙取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病,改掉某人的壞習慣
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情況(事)
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情況(事)
rid sb. of sth. 使某人擺脫某物
rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人的某東西
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情況九、可用於「動詞+sb+for doing sth」的8個常見動詞
blame sb. for doing sth. 指責某人做某事
criticize sb. for doing sth. 批評某人做某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 原諒某人做某事
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原諒某人做某事
pardon sb. for doing sth. 原諒某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth. 懲罰某人做某事
scold sb. for doing sth. 指責(責備)某人做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感謝某人做某事</SPAN></SPAN>
㈧ 高中英語語法包括什麼
一、關系代詞引導的定語從句
1、that 指人或物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
which 指物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語(作賓語時可以省略)
who 指人在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
whom 指人在從句中作賓語
whose 指人或物在從句中作定語
as 指人或物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
but 指人或物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
注意:指物時,whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which或 of which+the+名詞
2、as 的用法
(1)常用於下列結構:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意:the same…as 表示同一類,不同一個
the same…that 表示同一個
(2)as與which的區別
a、位置不同
as可放在主句後,主句前或主句中間;which只能放在主句後。
b、as起連接作用,表達說話人的觀點、看法,並指出主句內容的根據或出處,意為「正如,正像」。
Which相當於並列句,可以用and this來代替,意為「這一點,這件事』」。
注意:as常用於下列結構:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在從句中作主語時,which既可作系動詞be的主語也可作實義動詞的主語,而as只可作系動詞be的主語。
二、只用that不用which的情況
1、.先行詞為 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時
2、先行詞被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修飾時.
3、 當先行詞是最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
4、 當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時。
5、當先行詞是數詞時.
6、 當先行詞既指人又指物時。
7、如有兩個定語從句,其中一個關系代詞已用which,另一個關系代詞則宜用 that。
8、主句是There be結構,修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that 作關系代詞。
9、被修飾成分為表語,或者關系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關系代詞宜用that。
10、先行詞為what,關系代詞用that。
11、有時為了避免重復而使用that引導定語從句。
三、只用which不用that的情況
1、 當介詞放在關系代詞之前時。
2、 在非限制性定語從句中。
3、 當關系代詞指整個主句的概念時。
四、只用who不用that的情況
1、當先行詞是one, ones,anyone或those時。
2、there be 結構中。
3、當先行詞是人,後面有較長修飾語時。
4、為了避免重復或引起歧義。
5、當先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(常用於諺語中)。
6、先行詞是指成員的集體名詞。
7、who可以引導非限制性定語從句。
8、先行詞是擬人化的名詞。
9、先行詞指特定的人時用who,不指特定的人用that。
五、關系副詞引導的定語從句
1、when時間狀語
注意:It/Ihis/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略,從句用相應的完成時。
2、where 地點狀語
注意:當先行詞為模糊的地點時,如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名詞時用where.
3、why 原因狀語 先行詞為reason。
六、介詞與關系代詞
1、介詞如何確定
(1)依據定語從句中動詞的習慣搭配來確定
(2)依據先行詞的習慣搭配來確定
(3)根據意思來確定
(4)為了強調某一名詞,不定式前加上關系詞
2、關系代詞作介詞的賓語時,介詞的位置
(1)whom和which可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間,也可以把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的後面。
(2)含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動詞的後面。
(3)關系代詞that在從句中作介詞賓語時,介詞不能放在它的前面,只能放在從句中有關動詞的後面。
(4)關系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語。
3、「名詞/數詞/代詞+介詞+關系代詞」結構常見的形式有:名詞/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比較級/the+最高級…+of+which/whom。
七、定語從句中的主謂一致
1、關系代詞作從句的主語時,從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數要與先行詞保持一致,先行詞是句子時,從句的謂語動詞用單數形式。
2、「one of+復數名詞」位於關系代詞前作先行詞時,關系代詞在從句中作主語,從句的動詞通常用復數,但當one前有the,the only,the very等修飾時,從句的謂語動詞要用單數。
八、注意way和time後接定語從句的情況
1、當先行詞是way,且意為「方式、方法」時,引導定語從句的關系詞有下列三種形式:that/in which/不填。
注意:關系詞在從句中必須作狀語。如果關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語,按正常的定語從句分析。
2、當先行詞是time時,若time作「次數」講,應用that引導定語從句,that可省略;若time作「一段時間」講,應用關系副詞when或介詞at/ring+which引導定語從句。
㈨ 高中英語語法句型(全一點哦)
非謂語動詞
在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式,動名詞,和分詞(分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞)。
1)不定式
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)動名詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式: not +不定式, not + 動名詞, not + 現在分詞
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和 一般過去時。常見的結構有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,並將其置於主語之前。
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從復合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時,其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,D 中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前,後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時,一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意:只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時,才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語,不可用倒裝結構。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案:B. nor為增補意思"也不關心",因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。
注意: 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時,不可用倒裝結構。意為"的確如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。
注意:
1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時,後面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。
其他部分倒裝
1) so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時,需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝願的句型中:
May you all be happy.
3) 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞,可將if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主語之前,採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例題:
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案為D. 否定詞Not在句首,要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案為B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析:答案為B. 句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構,表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句,表示前一情況的重復出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞:that,whether,if 不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞:
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較:whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置於句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如:
主語: How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語: That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置於句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
if, whether引導的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同, 例如:
主語:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
㈩ 高中最常用的語法是哪些
語法表格圖(上)一.名詞I. 名詞的種類:專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名,團體機構名稱可數名詞不可數名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞II. 名詞的數:1. 規則名詞的復數形式:名詞的復數形式,一般在單數形式後面加-s或-es。現將構成方法與讀音規則列表如下:規則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞後加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞,變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以母音字母加y結尾的名詞,或專有名詞以y結尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以母音字母加-o結尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不規則名詞復數:英語里有些名詞的復數形式是不規則的,現歸納如下:規則例詞1改變名詞中的母音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2單復數相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3隻有復數形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(整體)也可以作復數(成員)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復數形式表示特別含義customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示「某國人」加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變為復數sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最後一部分變為復數grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變為復數women singers, men servantsIII. 名詞的所有格:名詞在句中表示所有關系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種:一是名詞詞尾加』s構成,二是由介詞of加名詞構成。前者多表示有生命的東西,後者多表示無生命的東西。1. 』s所有格的構成:單數名詞在末尾加』sthe boy』s father, Jack』s book, her son-in-law』s photo,復數名詞一般在末尾加』the teachers』 room, the twins』 mother,不規則復數名詞後加』sthe children』s toys, women』s rights,以s結尾的人名所有格加』s或者』Dickens』 novels, Charles』s job, the Smiths』 house表示各自的所有關系時,各名詞末尾均須加』sJapan』s and America』s problems, Jane』s and Mary』s bikes表示共有的所有關系時在最後一詞末加』sJapan and America』s problems, Jane and Mary』s father表示"某人家""店鋪",所有格後名詞省略the doctor』s, the barber』s, the tailor』s, my uncle』s2. 』s所有格的用法:1表示時間today』s newspaper, five weeks』 holiday2表示自然現象the earth』s atmosphere, the tree』s branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the country』s plan, the world』s population, China』s instry4表示工作群體the ship』s crew, majority』s view, the team』s victory5表示度量衡及價值a mile』s journey, five dollars』 worth of apples6與人類活動有特殊關系的名詞the life』s time, the play』s plot7某些固定片語a bird』s eye view, a stone』s throw, at one』s wit』s end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法:用於無生命的東西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用於有生命的東西,尤其是有較長定語時:the classrooms of the first-year students用於名詞化的詞:the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an),定冠詞(the),和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法:1指一類人或事,相當於a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示「每一」相當於every,oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示「相同」相當於the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用於人名前,表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用於固定片語中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用於quite, rather, many, half, what, such之後This room is rather a big one.8用於so(as, too, how)+形容詞之後She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法:1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用於世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用於樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用於形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示「一家人」或「夫婦」the Greens, the Wangs7用於序數詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two children.8用於國家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用於表示發明物的單數名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復數數詞之前,指世紀的某個年代in the 1990』s11用於表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用於方位名詞,身體部位名詞,及表示時間的片語前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠詞的用法:1專有名詞,物質名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節,月份,星期,節假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學科,語言,球類,棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞並用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復數名詞前Horses are useful animals. 三.代詞:I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類:1人稱代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII. 不定代詞用法注意點:1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,復數為ones。some多用於肯定句,any多用於疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don』t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用於疑問句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復,或者表示建議,請求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數名詞單數時,some表示某個,any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數詞連用表示「大約」,any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強調個別,代表的數可以是兩個或兩個以上,而every強調整體,所指的數必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no:no等於not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語,代替不可數名詞,謂語用單數,代替可數名詞,謂語單復數皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another: 1) other泛指「另外的,別的」常與其他詞連用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,the other特指兩者中的另外一個,復數為the others。如:He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. 2) another指「又一個,另一個」無所指,復數形式是others,泛指「別的人或事」如:I don』t like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可數名詞時,其謂語動詞用單數。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none. All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English. Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.