Ⅰ 初中英語的語法總結
1.名詞:單復數復,所有格制,可數與不可數
2.人稱代詞:名詞性物主代詞、形容詞性物主代詞,人稱代詞主格和賓格的用法
3.指示代詞用法
4.系動詞用法
5.時態用法
6.to do 和 doing 用法
7.there be 句型
Ⅱ 初中英語語法總結,要全啊
我是轉載的 看看吧:
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
Ⅲ 初中英語句子的類型 與語法知識總結
採納我就給你答案
Ⅳ 尋初中英語常見句子(語法要正確!)及語法!
英語日常用語一
▲Potluck Party :一種聚餐方式,主人准備場地和餐具,叄加的人必須帶一道菜准備飲料,最好事先問問主人的意思。
▲Pull over!把車子開到旁邊。
▲Drop me a line!寫封信給我。
▲Give me a ring. = Call me!來個電話吧!
▲For here or to go?堂食或外賣。
▲cool; That's cool! 等於國內年輕人常用的囗語「酷!」,表示不賴嘛!用於人或事均可。
▲What's up? = What's happening? = What's new? 見面時隨囗問候的話「最近在忙什麼?有什麼新鮮事嗎?一般的回答是「Nothing much!」 或「Nothing new!」
▲Cut it out! = Knock it out!= Stop it! 少來這一套!同學之間開玩笑的話。
▲Don't give me a hard time! 別跟我過不去好不好!
▲Get yourself together! 振作點行不行!
▲Do you have "the" time? 現在幾點鍾?可別誤以為人家要約你出去。
▲Hang in there. = Don't give up. = Keep trying. 再撐一下。
▲Give me a break ! 你饒了我吧!(開玩笑的話)
▲Hang on. 請稍候。
▲Blow it. = Screw up. 搞砸了。
▲What a big hassle. 真是個麻煩事。
▲What a crummy day. 多倒霉的一天。
▲Go for it. 加油
▲You bet. = Of course. 當然;看我的!
▲Wishful thinking. 一廂情願的想法。
▲Don't be so fussy! 別那麼挑剔好不好。
▲It's a long story. 唉!說來話長。
▲How have you been? = How are you doing? 你過得如何?近來可好?
▲Take things for granted. 自以為理所當然。
▲Don't put on airs. 別擺架子。
▲Wishful thinking.一廂情願的想法。
▲Don't be so fussy! 別那麼挑剔好不好!
▲Give me a lift! = Give me a ride! 送我一程吧!
▲Have a crush on someone. 迷戀某人。
▲What's the catch? 有什麼內幕?
▲Party animal. 開Party狂的人(喜歡叄加舞會的人)。
▲Pain in the neck. =Pain in the ass.討厭的東西、人或事。
▲Skeleton in the closet.家醜
▲Don't get on my nerve! 別把我惹毛了!
▲Afat chance. =A poor chance. 機會很小。
▲Don't put on airs! 別擺架子!
▲I am racking my brains. 我正在絞盡腦汁。
▲She's a real drag. 她真有點礙手礙腳。
▲Spacingout.=daydreaming. 做白日夢。
▲I am so fed up. 我受夠了!
▲It doesn't go with your dress. 跟你的衣服不配。
▲What's the point? = What are you trying to say? 你的重點是什麼?
▲By all means.=Definitely. 一定是。
▲ steam 蒸 poach 水煮 boil 煮 toast 烤(麵包)grill 烤、煎 roast(ck) 烘烤、紅燒、(烤鴨) braise 油炸過用溫火燉 pure 煮成濃湯 broil 燒、烤 season 加調味料 panbroil 用淺鍋燒烤 seasoning 調味料 fry 炸、炒 dressing 沙拉醬 bake 烤 gravy 肉 saute' 用溫火慢炒 appetizer 飯前菜、小菜 stew 燉、燜、紅燒 entree 主菜 simmer 慢燉、煨 snack 點心、小點 stir fry 快炒、大火炒 marinate 腌、用鹵泡,鹵 smoke 熏
▲Let's get a bite. = Let's go eat. 去吃點東西吧!
▲I'll buy you a lunch (a drink; a dinner). = It's on me. =My treat. 我請客
▲Let's go tch. 各付各的
▲My stomach is upset. 我的胃不舒服
▲diarrhea [dai r'i ] 拉肚子
▲吃牛排時,waitor 會問 "How would you like it ?" 就是問「要幾分熟?」的意思,可以選擇 rare,medium 或 well-done。
▲I am under the weather. =I am not feeling well. 我不太舒服!
▲May I take a rain check? 可不可改到下次?(例如有人請你吃飯,你未能赴約,只好請他改到下一次。)
▲I am not myself today. 我今天什麼都不對勁!
▲Let's get it straight. 咱們把事情弄清楚!
▲What's the rush! 急什麼!
▲Such a fruitcake! 神經病!
▲I'll swing by later. =I'll stop by later. 待會兒,我會來轉一下。
▲I got the tip straight from the horse's mouth. 這個消息是千真萬確的(tip指消息)!
英語日常用語二
▲easy as pie = very easy = piece of cake 很容易。
▲flunk out 被當掉。
▲take french leave 不告而別。
▲I don't get the picture. =I don't understand. 我不明白。
▲You should give him a piece of your mind. 你應該向他表達你的不滿。
▲hit the road = take off = get on one's way 離開。
▲Now he is in the driver's seat =He is in control now.
▲Keep a low profile (or low key). 採取低姿態。
▲Kinky =bizarre =wacky =weird 古怪的。
▲klutz (=clutz) =idiot 白痴、笨蛋。
▲know one's way around 識途老馬。
▲lion's share 大部份。
▲tailgate 尾隨(尤其跟車跟得太近)。
▲take a back seat. 讓步。
▲take a hike =leave me alone =get lost 滾開。
▲hit the hay =go to bed 睡覺。
▲Can you give me a lift? =Can you give me a ride? 載我一程好嗎?
▲green hand 生手、沒有經驗的人。
▲moonshine = mountain dew 指私釀的烈酒(威士忌)或走私的酒。胡說八道也可用moonshine。His story is plain moonshine.
▲chill out =calm down =relax(來自黑人英語)
▲rip off =steal;I was ripped off.我被偷了;rip off 也常被用為「剝奪」My right was ripped off. 權利被剝奪(來自黑人英語)。
▲我們稱美國大兵為G.I. (Government Issue) or GI Joe, 德國兵或德國佬為
Fritzor Kraut,稱英國佬為John Bull,日本人為Jap.或Nip,猶太人為Jew都是
很不禮貌的稱呼。
▲mess around (with)瞎混;Get to work. Don't mess around.趕快工作,別瞎攪和。
▲snob 勢利眼。
▲sneak in,sneak out 偷偷溜進去,溜出來。sneakers 運動鞋。
▲She is such a brown-noser. 她是個馬屁精。
▲This is in way over my head. 對我而言這實在太難了。
▲I am an exam jitter and I always get a cramp in my stomach. 我是個考試緊張大師,一考試胃就抽筋。
▲Keep your study (work) on track. 請按進度讀書(工作)。
▲Did you come up with any ideas? 有沒有想到什麼新的意見?
▲Don't get uptight !Take it easy. 別緊張,慢慢來!
▲Cheese ! It tastes like cardboard. Cheese吃起來味如嚼臘!
▲Get one's feet wet. 與中文裡的「涉足」或「下海」,寓意相同,表示初嘗某事。I am going to try dancing for the very first time. Just to get my feet wet.
▲美國總統到底是比爾·柯林頓還是威廉·柯林頓?吉米·卡特和詹姆斯·卡特是否同一人?根據語言學家William Safire的分析,美國多數政客都喜歡使用昵名代替他們原來的名字,如Bill就是 William的昵稱,Jimmy等於James等,好造成一種平易近人的形象。
▲選課、課程
Add/Drop Course
Audit
Bulletin
College Catalog
Core Curriculum
Credit/Unit
Elective
Handout
Independent Study
Lecture
Prerequisite
Practical Training
Registration
Syllabus
Withdraw
▲考試、作業
Assignment
Blue Book
Cram
Dissertation
Final
Mid-term
Multiple-choice Exam
Open-book Exam
Oral Exam
Placement Test
Preliminary Test
Quiz
Research Paper
Take-home Exam
Presentation
▲學位、成績
A.A./A.S
B.A./B.S.
Doctorate
Dropout
Grade Point Average
Incomplete
Major
Master's Degree
Minor
Pass/Fail Grading System
Probation
▲學校行政
Academic Advisor
Academic Year
Alumna/Alumus
Bursar/Treasurer
College
Community College
Dean
Department
Faculty
Foreign Student Advisor
Professor Emeritus
Quarter
Registrar
Registry
Semester
Session
Stipend
Trimester
Vocational School
Ⅳ 初中英語語法總結
語法項目 構 成 用 法 象 征 詞 規則變化 不規則變化 例 句
一般現在時 動詞用原形
三人稱單數-s / es 表示經常性的
動作或狀態 Every often always on 天 in月、季、節、年。 一般-s –es 輔音+y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般過去時 動詞用過去時
Be—was/ were 表過去某個、段時間內動作及狀態 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結尾-ied go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般將來時 be going to+V原
will / shall + V原 在將來某個時間或
某段時要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用進行表將來 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
現在進行時 be+doing 表此時此刻正進行的動作或狀態 listen look now
all the time Don』t… 一般去e 雙寫
+ing tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
現在完成時
現在完成進行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 發生在過去影響在現在的動作或狀態等 含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever 分詞規則的同過去式是一樣的 不規則的動詞的過去分詞需逐個記憶 I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.過去進行時 was / were +doing
多用於復合句中 表在過去某時間正在進行的動作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening 一般去e 雙寫
+ing tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
過去完成時 had+動過去分詞
多用於復合句中 該動作發生在過去的過去 by the time+過去時
when after before 規則的分詞構成與過去時一樣的 需要逐個記憶
詳見不規則動詞表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
過去將來時 would + V 原形
多用賓語從句中 過去看來將要發生的動作或狀態 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .
比較級形式
形容副詞名詞 後--er 前加more
名詞比較用more 表示兩個人、物
之間進行比較時 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結尾-ier good/well —better
much/many—more She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高級形式
形容副詞名詞 後-est 前加most
名詞比較用most 大於等於三個人、物之間進行比較 in the +比較范圍
of the 具體的數字 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結尾-iest bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高級加the)
動詞不定式
to do沒有人稱和數的變化 作主語
To read is helpful for anybody now . 作賓語
He wants to buy a dictionary. 作賓補
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it. 作表語
His job is to take care of children . 作狀語
He』ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定語
He has much homework
to do every day .
主從復合句 狀語從句
句子作狀語 (時間地點原因條件讓步比較)
He was writing a letter when I came in。 賓語從句
句子作賓語(語序、時態、引導詞、客觀事實)
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定語從句
句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞)
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主動結構
與
被動結構
主動語態:主語(人、物)+ 謂語 + 賓語
動作執行者 + 及物動詞 + 動作承受者
被動語態:主語(人、物)+be PP + by賓語
動作承受者 + be PP + by動作執行者
在被動語態中沒有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .
主語 謂語 賓語
English is spoken by us
賓改主 謂語動詞 be PP 主by 賓 主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細心,謂語動詞be pp,時態隨主、數隨被
PP 是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed 或不規則詳見表
被動句的時態(be)隨主動句的時態(do)人稱和數應隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等 )