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有關英語語法什麼是復合結構

發布時間:2021-03-04 08:46:43

❶ 英語復合結構

英語的四大復合結構
英語的復合結構由兩個部分組成:一個部分表示人或者物,另一個部分表示動作或者狀態。兩個部分之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系,就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分動作的執行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示的狀態就是第一部分所表示的人或物所處的狀態。例如:

We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. (英語必不可少)

With stepping stones along the road, you don』t have to walk in the mud. (沿路的是石頭)

英語中有四大復合結構:

1. 動詞不定式的復合結構 ( for sb to do sth )

Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子們做工作)

The book is too difficult for me to read, (我讀不懂)

2. 動名詞的復合結構 ( sb』s / sb doing sth )

His being late again made the teacher angry. (他遲到)

Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽煙)

動名詞復合結構不在句首時可以用「賓格加動名詞」。

以上兩種結構中,一個只能用不定式表示動作,一個只能用動名詞;而在下面兩個結構中,可以有多種詞性的詞表示動作或狀態。

3. 獨立主格結構 (主格名詞或代詞+補足成分)

The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分詞)

She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. (形容詞)

Sword in hand, the man came at me. (介詞短語)

獨立主格結構在句子中做狀語,表原因或伴隨狀態。

4. 復合賓語 (賓語+賓語補足語)

His speech made us laugh. (不定式)

When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. (介詞短語)

I want the house painted white. (分詞)

Don』t keep the lights on all the night. (副詞。這類副詞還有:here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等)

We consider him one of our best friends. (名詞)

We found the movie wonderful. (形容詞)

能夠接復合賓語的動詞可分為三類:

(1). 感官類,如:see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel 等

(2). 意識類,如:believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等

(3). 使動類,如:keep, leave; make, have, let 等

除動詞可以接復合賓語外,介詞with也可以接復合賓語,在句子中做狀語和定語。

The farmers found some stone with writing on it. (定語)

With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop. (狀語)

與動詞一樣,With復賓中的賓語補足語也可以由各種結構來充當。
英語語法With的復合結構用的較多,以下是用法:
表伴隨時,既可用分詞的獨立結構,也可用with的復合結構。

with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語

舉例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例題:

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常常用with來引導。由於本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關系,因此用過去分詞,選D.

注意:

1) 獨立主格結構使用介詞的問題:
當介詞是in時,其前後的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復數。但 with 的復合結構不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。

2) 當表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時,及物動詞用現在分 詞,不及物動詞用過去分詞。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

典型例題:

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本題中沒有連詞,它不是復合句,也不是並列句。 句中使用了逗號,且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的復合結構。據此判斷,本句中使用的是獨立結構, 其結構為:名詞+分詞。 由於permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許',表主動,應用現在分詞,故選B。
如果不會判斷獨立結構作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然後將if 去掉,再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。

❷ 復合結構英語語法

復合句通稱為從句 。從句是由主句和從句(關系詞加句子的結構出現)兩個部分專組成。
共有三類屬從句 名詞性從句(主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句)
定語從句
狀語從句( 時間狀語從句 地點 條件 原因 讓步 方式結果)
賓語從句 在復合句中 充當賓語的句子就是賓語從句。
賓語從句可以由 that what when how which why ,how many ,how much ,who whether if 等引導
例:she explaned that she came late.此句中 she 是主語 ,explaned是謂語,謂語後面跟著的肯定是賓語,在賓語的位置是有 that 連接的一個句子,所以稱之為 賓語從句。

❸ 英語中什麼是復合結構如何判斷一個句子屬於復合結構急

二個或者二個以上的單句用連詞連接的就是復合結構 比如定語從句 名詞性從句 非謂語動詞 等等 歡迎再問喲

❹ 英語中的「復合結構」是什麼意思

英語的四大復合結構
英語的復合結構由兩個部分組成:一個部分表示人或者物,另一專個部分表示動作或者屬狀態。兩個部分之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系,就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分動作的執行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示的狀態就是第一部分所表示的人或物所處的狀態。

❺ 英語:什麼是復合結構詳細!

復合句(Complex Sentence)分為並列復合句和從屬復合句,並列復合句是有並列連詞:and、or、but連接;從屬復合句由一個主句(Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。用疑問詞作引導詞,主句是全句的主體,通常可以獨立存在;從句則是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。從句不能單獨成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在於,從句須由一個關聯詞(connective)引導。 根據引導從句為主不同大大可分為:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句等。
定語從句的定義定語從句在句中作定語,用來修飾一個名詞、名詞片語或者代詞。先行詞和引導詞被修飾的名詞、名詞片語或代詞叫做先行詞;
在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導詞。
引導詞分為「關系代詞」和「關系副詞」。關系代詞和關系副詞關系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關系副詞有:when, where, why。 注意:關系副詞裡面沒有how。
如果要修飾方式,用that或in which引導,或者不用引導詞。
I don』t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.
我不喜歡他看我的那個樣子。關系代詞:who關系代詞who在從句中主要作主語,在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語。
He is the man whowants to see you.
He is the man whoI saw in the park yesterday.關系代詞:whomHe is the man (whom) I saw in the park yesterday.
(whom在從句中作賓語)關系代詞:whosewhose 用來指人或物,(只能用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。
They rushed over to help the man whosecar had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (of which the cover/the cover of which)關系代詞:which(1)which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時在非正式語體中可以省略。
They needed a plant whichdidn't need as much water as rice.
The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.關系代詞:which(2)當在which和that面前進行選擇的情況下,一般情況下要選which:
1.在非限制性定語從句中通常用which作引導詞,而不能用that做非限制性定語從句的引導詞。
2. 修飾整個主句。
I never met Julia again after that, whichwas a pity.
3. 修飾謂語部分。
He can swim in the river, whichI cannot.
4. 介詞 + which
They are all questions to whichthere are no answers.關系代詞:that(1)that多用來指物,有時也可以用來指人;在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時候多用that,也可用which。
It』s a question that(which)needs careful consideration.
(指物,作主語。)
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
(指人,作主語。)
The girl (that)we saw yesterday is Tom』s sister.
(指人,作賓語,可省略。)關系代詞:that(2)在以下的情況中,只能用that作引導詞,而不能用which作引導詞。
1. 先行詞為all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代詞時。
All(that)she lacked was training.
2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
This is the best film thatI have ever seen.
3. 先行詞被序數詞和the last修飾時
4. 先行詞中既有人又有物時
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑問句,為了避免重復時編輯本段狀語從句地點狀語從句地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
WhereverI am I will be thinking of you.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1) as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用於正式文體,例如:
Always do to the others asyou would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。
Aswater is to fish, soair is to man.
我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2) as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的",例如:
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語,例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要說什麼似的。原因狀語從句比較:because, since, as和for
1) because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。
I didn't go, becauseI was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2) 由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, forhe is absent today.目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導,例如:
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.結果狀語從句結果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導,掌握這兩個句型,首先要了解so 和 such與其後的詞的搭配規律。
比較:so和 such
其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞片語,so 是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配。
sofoolish, sucha fool
sonice a flower, sucha nice flower
somany / few flowers, suchnice flowers
somuch / little money, suchrapid progress
somany people, sucha lot of people
( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當於 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配。)
so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school條件狀語從句連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unlessyou are too tired.
Ifyou are nottoo tired, let's go out for a walk.讓步狀語從句though, although
注意:當有though, although時,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用
Althoughit's raining, they are still working in the field.
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whetheryou believe it ornot, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whateverhappened, he would not mind.
替換:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
(錯)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對)Whateveryou say is of no use now.
你現在說什麼也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
(對)Prisoners have to eat whateverthey're given. 囚犯們只能給什麼吃什麼。比較while, when, a1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)當從句的動作發生於主句動作之前,只能用when 引導這個從句,不可用as 或 while。
Whenyou have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。
Asthe day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。比較until和till這兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時",動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可 以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在於判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。
肯定句:
I slept untilmidnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Waittill I call you. 等著我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat beforethe sun sets.)
否定句:
She didn't arrive until6 o'clock.
Don't get off the bus untilit has stopped.
1)Until可用於句首,而till通常不用於句首。
Untilyou told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告訴我以前,出了什麼事我一點也不知道。
2)Until when 疑問句中,until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什麼時候?
--- Untilnext Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒裝。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世紀初,人類才知道熱能是什麼。
Not until I began to work did Irealize how much time I had wasted.
直到我開始工作,我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
(2) It is not until… that…
10 表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思,例:
I had hardly / scarcely got home whenit began to rain.
I had no sooner got home thanit began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置於句首,句子必須用倒裝結構:
Hardly / Scarcely had Igot home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.編輯本段名詞性從句賓語從句(The Object Clause)· 賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語,作短語動詞的賓語,介詞的賓語。
· 賓語從句:及物動詞的賓語
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
· 賓語從句:短語動詞的賓語
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
· 賓語從句:介詞的賓語
I am interested in what she is doing.
· 賓語從句:否定的轉移
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
我想你不習慣這種飲食。
I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.
我相信她8點之前不會到。表語從句(The Predicative Clause)· 表語從句
在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
This is what we should do.
That's why I want you to work there.
as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
It is because you eat too much.
· 虛擬語氣:表語從句
主語是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞時,作表語從句的動詞為原形動詞或should+原形動詞。
My suggestion is that we (should)go and help him.
Our only request is that this shouldbe settled as soon as possible.同位語從句(The Appositive Clause)
· 同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事實),belief
(信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;觀念),promise(承諾),information(信息),conclusion(結
論),order(命令), suggestion(建議),problem(問題),thought (想法)等後面。例如:
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
· 同位語從句:whether
whether可以引導同位語從句,而定語從句不能用whether作為引導詞。
He hasn』t made the decision whetherhe will go there.
I have small doubt whetherhe is suitable for the job.
· 同位語從句:what
what可以引導同位語從句,而定語從句不能用what作為引導詞
I have no idea whathe is doing now.
· 同位語從句:how
how可以引導同位語從句,而定語從句不能用how作為引導詞
It』s a question how he did it

❻ 什麼是復合結構

英語復合結構是一種特殊的句子成分,它復雜句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句是全句的主體,通常可以獨立存在;從句則是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。

從邏輯上看,兩個部分之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系很像句子的主語和謂語,但從結構上看卻與句子中的主謂關系不同,區別在於復合結構的第二部分不是謂語形式,而是由動詞的非謂語形式及其他詞類或介詞短語、從句組成的短語。

作用:

1、作主語 ;

2、作動詞或短語動詞的賓語 ;

3、作介詞賓語;

4、作表語;

例如:

動詞不定式的復合結構?( for sb to do sth )

Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子們做工作)

The book is too difficult for me to read, (我讀不懂) 

英語的句型結構可分為簡單句、並列句和復合句。

(6)有關英語語法什麼是復合結構擴展閱讀

英語語法中的從句:

1、名詞性從句;

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

2、主語從句;

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。

如果what-分句本身明顯表示復數意義,比如what分句的動詞和補語都是復數,那麼主句動詞也可用復數。

❼ 英語里的「復合結構」指什麼說的

為您解答
這里consider的復合結構指的是賓語加賓補的復合結構,是四大復合結構之一。
英語里的復合結構有四種。
比較復雜,我直接引用語法點給你看好了。

❽ 英語裡面有復合結構

英語中名詞分簡單名詞和復合名詞。簡單名詞比如:child, water; 復合名詞比如專mother-in-law(岳母,婆婆),goldfish(金魚屬),credit card(信用卡),諸如此類的都叫復合詞。你能理解了嗎,童鞋。

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