高中英語語法最全匯總

⑦ 高中英語語法句型（全一點哦）

非謂語動詞

在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞)。

1）不定式
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done

2）動名詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done

3）分詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done

否定形式： not +不定式， not + 動名詞， not + 現在分詞

倒裝句之全部倒裝

全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和 一般過去時。常見的結構有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.

2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒裝句之部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。

1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例題

1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前，後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒裝

表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor為增補意思"也不關心"，因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。

注意： 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為"的確如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒裝的情況

Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

as, though 引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。

注意：
1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:
讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，後面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。

其他部分倒裝

1) so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝願的句型中：
May you all be happy.

3) 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例題：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案為D. 否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案為B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案為B. 句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞

引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連接詞：that,whether,if 不充當從句的任何成分）
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
連接副詞：when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較：whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末，用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名詞性that-從句

1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。

2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置於句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……

b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……

c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……

d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句

1）由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：

主語： How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。

直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。

表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。

賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。

同位語： I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。

形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。

介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。

2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置於句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
if, whether引導的名詞從句

1）yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：
主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。

賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。

同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。

介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。

2）選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。