⑴ 英語中考總復習(人教版)專題二的答案
最好自己獨立完成
在網上恐怕你找不到答案
還要耽誤時間
\(^o^)/~
⑵ 人教版必修二英語語法知識點
高一英語必修一語法要點
一. 一般現在時
1. 表示主語現在所處的狀態及其所具備的特徵、性格、能力等
例如:I am a girl.
2. 表示習慣性、經常性的動作
例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 標志性的詞語
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助於為第三人稱單數(he she it)則動詞要用單三現
二. 現在進行時
1. 說話時正在進行的動作
例如:I am reading.
2.表示即將發生的動作,多用於go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中,句子中常常有時間狀語
例如:The plane is going to Beijing.
3.當句子中出現了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如:I am always thinking of you.
三. 倍數比較
1.A+系動詞+倍數詞+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如:The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系動詞+倍數詞+adj\adv的比較級+than+B
例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系動詞+倍數詞+the size\amount(數量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如:The class is twice the size of that class.
四. With的復合結構
1. With+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語根據邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語,如形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等,with在復合結構中常作狀語
2.常用結構
○1with+賓語+doing
表主動與進行
例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+賓語+done
表被動與完成
例如:With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+賓語+to do
表將來
例如:With so many thing to deal with.
五. 現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時
1.基本表達式(I have been doing )
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2.表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作,並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。(動作還將繼續下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。(動作還將繼續下去)
3.表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經等你半個鍾頭了(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會繼續等)
4.有些現在完成進行時的句子等同的句子。
例如:They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經工作五年了。
5.大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
例如:I have been writing a book.(動作還將繼續下去)
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.(動作已經完成)
我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。
6.表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
例如:I have known him for years.
我認識他已經好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有:love愛,like喜歡, hate討厭,等。
注意:比較過去時與現在完成時
1.過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3.現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如: I saw this film yesterday.
(強調看的動作發生過了。)
I have seen this film.
(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(強調起床的動作已發生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(強調有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六.過去完成時
1. 概念:表示過去的過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2. 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3.過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七.現在完成進行時
1.其構成形式如下:
I / we / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞 功用如下:
2. 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3.表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.
4. 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在,可以包括現在在內的一個階段內,重復發生的行動,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5. 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響,而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身,如:
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
現在完成時有否定結構、而現在完成進行時沒有否定結構。 現在完成時態可表示做完的時期以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以 現在完成進行時的否定結構 現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。
如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven』t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn』t been working for me and I haven』t has that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過,我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
6.否定句構成:
主語+has/have+not+been+現在分詞
7.一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他好好努力吧!
⑶ 高錢求:英語第二輪復習的專題(比如專題一,名詞和主謂的一致,二,形容詞,三,副詞 前面都有考點預測)
同志,你要的練習我都有,可字數太多了,沒法粘貼上來啊,只能先奉上主謂一致的啦
語法復習專題主謂一致
一、 考點聚焦
1、語法形式上的一致
主語為單數形式,謂語動詞用單數形式;主語為復數形式,謂語動詞也用復數形式。 The number of students in our school_________1,700.
Mary and Kelly________ alike.
2、意義上一致
(1)主語形式雖為單數,但意義為復數,謂語動詞用復數。
The crowd ______ runing for their lives.
單數形式代表復數內容的詞有people、police、cattle等。
(2)主語形式為復數,而意義上卻是單數,謂語動詞用單數。
The news is very exciting.
形復意單的單詞有new、works(工廠)、means和以ics結尾的學科名稱physics、poli-tics、economics等。
3、就近原則。即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語。如果連詞or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等連接的並列主語,如果一個是單數,一個是復數,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。
Eg.Either you or I________ mad.
4、應注意的若干問題
(1)名詞作主語。
①某些集體名詞如family、team等作主語時,如果作為一個整體看待,謂語用單數,反之用復數。 My family_________going out for a trip.
The whole family _________ watching TV.
這類詞常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。
Population和「a group(crowd)of + 復數名詞」也適用於這種情況,強調整體用單數,強調各個部分用復數。
②某些集體名詞如people、police、cattle、oxen只當復數看待,謂語動詞必須用復數。
③單、復數同形的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。
A sheep ________over there. Some sheep________over there.
④名詞所有格之後的名詞被省略,這種情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等;作主語時,動詞一般用單數。 My uncle』s________not for from here.
常見的省略名詞有the baker』s 、the barbar』s、the Zhang』s等。
表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待,但用作主語時,謂語動詞往往用復數。如:
Richardson』s_________a lot of old goods to sell.
⑤當名詞片語中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數名詞時,往往可以根據意義一致的原則,把這些復數名詞看作一個整體,謂語用單數。
Thirty years ________ passed. Five minutes _______enough to finish the task.
⑥不定代詞each、every、no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時,謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如:
Each boy and each girl in my class ________a dictionary.
⑦如果主語有more than one … 或many a … 構成,盡管從意義上看是復數內容,它的謂語動詞用單數形式。 More than one student _____ seen the play.
Many a boy________ bought that kind of toy.
但是,「more + 復數名詞 + than one」結構之後,謂語用復數。
⑧一些由兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。
但如果主語用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名詞構成時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。 A pair of shoes ________ on the desk.
⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(這種書),其謂語動詞;短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口語)(這一類人),但this kind of men的謂語用單數,men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語用復數,all kinds of後跟復數名詞,謂語用復數形式。如:
This kind of men _______dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort ________dangerous.
⑩復數形式的單、復數同形名詞作主語時,按意義一致的原則,用作單數意義時,謂語用單數,反之,謂語用復數。這類名詞有means、works、species(種類)、Chinese、Japanese等。當它們的前面有 a、such a、this、that修飾時,謂語用單數;有all、such、these、those修飾時,謂語用復數。
(11)如果名詞片語中心詞是all、most、half、rest等詞語,所指是復數意義,謂語動詞用復數形式,反之用單數。
All of my students work hard. All of the oil _______gone.
(12)在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如:
Between the two windows __________an oil painting.(hang)
(2)由連接詞連接的名詞作主語。
①用and或both … and 連接並列主語,謂語動詞通常用復數形式。但如果並列主語指的是同一個人,同一事物或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數形式,這時and後面的名詞沒有冠詞。
Truth and honesty ________the best policy.
To love and to be loved _______the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early _______a good habit.
A knife and fork_________ on the table.
②當主語後面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引導的片語時,採取「就遠原則」。
③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等連接的詞作主語時,採取「就近原則」。
(3)代詞作主語。
①名詞型物主代詞連接的動詞,既可以用單數,也可以用復數,這取決於它所代替的是單數還是復數。 Ours (Our Party) ________a great Party.
Your shoes ________ white, mine (= my shoes)_______ black.
②such、the same起指示代詞作用時,應根據其所指的內容來決定單、復數。
Such ________our plan. Such _________ his last words.
③關系代詞who、that、which等在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。
④疑問詞who、what、which作主語時,謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數。 Who lives next door? It________Xiao Liu.
Who lives next door? It __________Wang and Li.
⑤不定代詞any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主語時,要注意下列情況:
(A)單獨作主語時,視其在文中的意義,動詞可用單數或復數形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.
(B)其後接of時,若of的賓語為不可數名詞,動詞用單數形式;若of的賓語為復數名詞或代詞時,動詞可以是單數,也可以是復數;在正式文體中,單數形式的動詞更常用。
Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.
(4)分數、量詞作主語。
①「分數或百分數 +名詞」構成的短語以及由「a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞」構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of後面的名詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中後面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。如:
Lots of damage_________caused by flood.
A number of students ________ gone to the countryside.
A large quantity of people _________needed here.
Quantities of food (nuts) ________ still on the table.
②a great deal of、a large amount of修飾不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數;large amounts of修飾不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復數。
③表示數量的one and a half後,名詞要用復數形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
One and a half apples________ left on the table.(be)
④half of、(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數,修飾可數名詞復數時,謂語動詞用復數。
(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語。
如果主語由「the + 形容詞(或分詞)」結構擔任時,謂語通常用復數。這類詞有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用單數,如the unknown、the beautiful等。
(6)從句作主語。
①由what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞通常用單數,但所指的具體內容是復數意義時,謂語動詞一般用復數形式。
What we need _________more money.
What we need__________ more people/teachers.
②在「one of + 復數名詞 + who/that/which」引導的從句結構中,關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是one,因此從句中的謂語動詞也應該是復數形式。如one前有the only則用單數形式。
This________one of the most interesting stories that ______been told by my father.
She_________the only one of the girls who_________late for class today.
(7)不定式、名動詞(短語)作主語用單數形式;There be句型中be的單復數取決於be後的第一個詞的數。
There ______a book, two pens on the desk.
There ______two pens, a book on the desk.
二、精典名題導解
選擇填空
1.—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.
—So do I .(上海 1998) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped
解析:答案為B。本題考查主謂一致中的意義一致原則,不定代詞either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的復合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞應根據意義一致的原則採用單數形式,排除A。選項C是非謂語動詞的一種,不能單獨作謂語,亦應排除。根據答語中的時態又可排除選項D。
2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.(NMET 1996)
A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were
解析:答案為C。本題考查the number of和a number of 的區別。「the number of + 復數名詞/代詞」結構中的中心詞是number,「a number of + 復數名詞/代詞」結構中的中心詞是of後的復數名詞或代詞,故謂語動詞分別用單、復數。解題關鍵在於仔細區分哪個是真正的主語。