❶ 《英語學霸》英語語法精講
浙大出版社出版的《高中英語語法通霸》 挺不錯的,可能是目前最實用的語法書專。該書把復雜屬的語法知識詳細歸納到一個個考點,先簡單講解,然後給出幾個高考真題進行練習。練習題型有單項選擇,句子改錯,語法填空和句子翻譯,對許多考試題型都有幫助。
❷ 求英語書上第28頁的語法中文翻譯
我過去很矮
我過去在學校不受歡迎
保羅過去真的很文靜
她過去不喜歡考試
你過去很矮,不是嗎
是/不是
他過去戴眼鏡嗎
是,他過去戴眼鏡/不,他過去不戴眼鏡
❸ [高分]求:28種常考英語修辭格的理解方法、例句及練習。
以下是英譯,更准確:
Figures of speech (修辭)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.
1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
3) Analogy: (類比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification:(擬人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(賦予) to inanimate(無生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole:(誇張) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement:(含蓄陳述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism:(委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(無冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".
8) Metonymy (轉喻) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (換喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (雙關語) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis:(一語雙敘) It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue ecation and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (軛式搭配) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反語) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo:(暗諷) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不贊美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (諷刺) It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的雋語) It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron:(矛盾修飾) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(結合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不協調) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis:(對照) It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句) It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(強烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (漸進) It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos:(突降)It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(賦予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe:(頓呼) In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet:(轉類形容詞) It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修飾) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration:(頭韻) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(間隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) Onomatopoeia:(擬聲) It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement.
Selected from Figures of Speech by Feng Cuihua
以下是部分的中文:
反語 (Irony) 英語修辭格irony就是說反話,用反面的話來表達正面的意思。這種修辭格可用來進行諷刺,但多數是用來表達一種善意的幽默或俏皮,故意說出與本意相反的話,例如: ● Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it (the cheque ) up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. (老太太慢慢地彎下腰,把支票從地上撿起來,她的禮物,她的可愛的禮物!用顫抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。) 老太太八十歲壽辰那天,急切地盼望女兒回家看望她,稍稍安慰她那顆孤寂的心,然而盼來的卻是女兒的一張冷冰冰的支票,這當然不是老人心愛的禮物。故此處her lovely present 是典型的irony,是句反話。 ● She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive.(她並不如我想像的那麼年輕。她的外表與其說吸引人,不如說是令人難忘。)imposing意指因為外貌、形體而使人印象深刻,作者在此以諷刺挖苦的口吻來描述一個貪吃而肥胖的女人。
仿擬(Parody) 根據家喻戶曉的成語或諺語,臨時更換其中的某個部分,造成新的成語或諺語;或者根據古今名言警句,在保持其原句不變的情況下,更換其中部分詞語,這種修辭方式叫仿擬。例如: ● To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒謊還是不撒謊--醫生的難題) 看到這個標題,我們不禁想起莎翁戲劇Hamlet中那個永遠也解不透的句子「To be or not to be, that is the question」。顯然,文章的題目由此模仿而來,給人印象深刻。 ● Lady hermits who are down but not out(窮困而不潦倒的女隱士們)文中的down but not out 源於down and out, 原是拳擊比賽的術語,後來喻指窮困潦倒的人。
矛盾修辭法 (Oxymoron) 用兩種不相調和,甚至截然相反的特徵來形容一項事物,在矛盾中尋求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辭效果,這就是矛盾修辭法,用這種方法,語言精煉簡潔,富有哲理,並產生強大的邏輯力量,產生一種出人意料,引人入勝的效果。例如: ● A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的聖誕節)。聖誕節那天,故事主人公小男孩經歷了從痛苦的邊緣到幸福的頂峰的過程。因此,父母精心安排的聖誕節既是最糟的,又是最好的。
頭韻 (Alliteration) 與前面幾種修辭方式不同,頭韻是一種語音修辭方式,它指一組詞、一句話或一行詩中重復出現開頭字母相同的單詞,常用於文章的標題、詩歌及廣告語中,簡明生動,起到突出重點,加深印象,平衡節奏,宣洩感情的作用。例如: ● A miserable, merry Christmas ● Profits of praise
明喻 (Simile) 明喻是一種最簡單、最常見的修辭方法,是以兩種具有共同特徵的事物或現象進行對比,表明本體和喻體的關系,兩者都在對比中出現,其基本格式是「A像B」,常用的比喻詞有as, like, as if, as though 等。例如: ● He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往後一跳,好像被什麼東西叮了一下似的,他那張布滿皺紋的臉頓時漲得通紅。) 在《品嘗家》一文中老人對「我」的慷慨施捨的反應如同被蜜蜂叮過一樣,生動地刻畫出一個處境凄涼內心卻極度敏感的可憐老人的形象。 ● The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一隻斷了翅膀的小鳥。) 《禮物》一文中,老太太喜迎八十大壽,大女兒不來慶祝,只寄來一張支票。作者把這張支票比作斷了翅膀的小鳥,形象地表達出此刻老太太希望破滅,極度傷心的心情。
暗喻 (Metaphor) 暗喻也是一種比喻,但不用比喻詞,因此被稱作縮減了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一種事物名稱用在另一事物上,從而更生動、更深刻地說明事理,增強語言的表現力。例如: ● What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果沒有這位電子保姆,父母該怎麼辦呢?) 形象地說明了電視機的保姆功用。 ● ... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我們中的很多人太容易給別人批評的冷風,而不願意給自己的同伴贊揚的陽光。)作者把批評比作冷風,把贊揚比作溫暖的陽光,生動形象,寓意雋永。
轉喻 (Metonymy) 轉喻(即借代)是通過相近的聯想,借喻體代替本體。例如: ● My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley.(我的十五位學生讀了愛默生、梭羅和赫胥黎的作品。)這是典型的轉喻,以人名借代作品。 ● Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. (面對「地球卵形說」者,我能打的第一張牌是,太陽和月亮的相似性。)文中作者用具體第一張牌來借代抽象的「第一個論據」,更加生動形象,淺顯易懂, 也使語言新鮮活潑,富有表現力。
擬人 (Personification) 擬人是把人類的特點、特性加於外界事物上,使之人格化的修辭格。例如: ● ... four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the st and fumes from a busy main road.(……四叢常綠灌木分別位於每個角落,它們忍受著從繁忙的大街上吹來的塵煙,掙扎著活下去。)「掙扎」是有生命的物體的動作,作者給自然的花草賦予了生命,使它人格化。 ● But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠無情,門窗緊閉,一點也不友好。)house本來是沒有感情的,作者通過擬人的手法,表現房子里人的冷漠無情。
誇張 (Hyperbole) 誇張是一種故意言過其實,或誇大或縮小事物的形象,藉以突出事物的某種特徵或品格,鮮明地表達思想情感的修辭方式。用於描寫可以使形象更生動突出,渲染氣氛,烘托意境,給讀者留下深刻、鮮明的印象。例如: ● Vingo sat stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs - 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds.(文戈坐在那兒望著橡樹驚呆了。樹上掛滿了黃手絹--二十條,三十條,或許幾百條。)此句中20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds就是運用了誇張的手法,主觀地渲染了氣氛。 ● She gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.(她給我的印象是:她有一口潔白整齊的大牙,為數之多已超過任何實際需要。)在這里作者通過誇張的描述,使一個貪婪好吃的女性形象躍然紙上。
❹ 28英語翻譯
我會注意輕撫小狗,這樣它才不會受傷或者受到驚嚇,以此來表達我對它的善意。
❺ 推薦一個最全的英語語法。實用性最高的。
如果是初或高中,可以推薦 張道真 初中英語語法,高中英語語法,實用英語語法,薄冰 英語語法。
如果是大學 可以推薦 汪家楊 李俊峰的,同時搜這兩個人名和語法這兩個字,就可以找到他們編的書。
❻ 有哪些實用有效的英語學習方法 如英語語法的學習方法
英語的基礎是單詞,要多記多背,記憶單詞的方法有很多種,可以在閱讀中記憶單詞,這樣既不乏味也記得牢。像語法、翻譯、答題技巧等主要就是通過課上習得的,所以一定要專心,課後要學會總結、歸納、理解記憶、做題實戰運用。如果語法太差,可以買一本語法書攻克一下。
提高英語閱讀理解能力。英語閱讀是比較重要的一個環節,英語閱讀理解最好能做到每天至少練習一篇。英語閱讀理解能力簡單的說就是:通過快速的閱讀文章、材料,快速的提取段落、文章的脈絡和重點,促進整理歸納分析,提高做題效率。快速閱讀是一種高效的閱讀方法,其原理在於激活「眼、腦」的潛能,培養和提高閱讀速度、整體感知、歸納理解、注意力集中等方面的能力,對應於閱讀理解方面的幫助很大。快速閱讀的練習可以參考《精英特全腦速讀記憶訓練》。掌握快速閱讀後,可以快速的對文章的關鍵信息進行提取,提高做題效率和准確性,同時可節約大量的時間,做到游刃有餘。
做英語閱讀理解的時候要注意:閱讀時不要逐字逐句的翻譯,也不要一句話反復閱讀,即閱讀時碰到一時不理解的句子就一遍一遍地沉浸在閱讀那個句子當中,反復琢磨。其實完全沒有必要,因為要選對答案並不意味著對原文的每個句子都要讀懂,抓住一些重點句子就夠了,正確的做法是,以理解整個段落和整篇文章為主,在涵蓋出題點的句子上用心捉摸。
英語寫作,寫作是一個綜合的東西,單詞、語法、閱讀都是基礎,有了前面的積淀,平時再多加練習,寫作就不是問題了。時間允許的話可以一天寫一篇,最糟糕也要一周練習一篇。
聽力。要想練好聽力,首先,要選擇適當的語音材料:①所選語音材料必須地道、原汁原味;②所選語音材料應盡可能包羅萬象,涵蓋不同領域、不同話題,既要有正式用語,又要有日常會話;③材料應從簡單的入手,逐漸增加難度。其次,聽得方法:①利用零碎時間,這種聽法要求你連貫地、不重復地聽取大量語音材料,不需要聽懂每一句話,只需聽個大概就行。②抽出一段專門的時間,集中精力全神貫注地去聽。這種聽法不要求你聽太多的內容,但務必要聽懂每一句話,把握每一個細節。
❼ 求 "邁克實用初中英語語法精講與訓練" 的練習答案~ 有的發!
『最終刪取勿來頂,蜻蜓點水影如弓,佳人相約黃昏後』, 把這三句合成一局,要好聽,有詩意,押韻。求解 。 句子越短越好,易懂。求求求
❽ 英語原文翻譯(28)
大多數美國家庭(成員數目/規模)比其他國家的都要小些。通常,每個美國家庭由父母中的一方帶著一或兩個孩子(組成),或者父母帶著一到兩個孩子(組成)。
❾ 英語高手請進28
2.10.儲藏架
鋼儲藏架是冷成形鋼的主要應用之一。儲藏架設計中最重要的因素之一是走道強度和穩定性。這種穩定性顯著地受束流-柱連接件的影響,因為該結構通常在允許貨盤的載入和卸載的走道方向是鬆弛的。兩篇最近的學術論文提供了貨架搖擺和震動行為的有價值的信息。Baldassino和Bernuzzi [48] 提供了束流-柱模型對儲藏架走道穩定性的影響的數值研究. 次生效應、框架缺點、基板連接件的影響被詳細研究.一個半剛性連接件的框架模型建議用來做更精練、更優秀的設計. Bernuzzi and Castiglioni [49] 描述了鋼儲藏架的束流-柱連接件循環行為的研究。儲藏架的Seismic設計需要完全理解這種行為並且該論文提供了詳細的實驗結果。連接件表明有足夠的延展性,它們比鋼建築框架中傳統鋼構件使用的連接件有更好的柔韌性。
2.11. 最優化
兩個獨立的作者群體報道了記算機神經網路模型在冷成形面優化中的應用。 Karim和Adeli [50] 根據1989 版的AISI規范採用此法對冷成形鋼冠狀束流進行優化。比較而言,El-Kassas 等 [51]用該方法優化了薄壁冷成形 開口與非開口通道和冠狀面。優化參照最新版本的英國標准 「BS5950 Part 5」 [52]。論文提供了神經網路使用來解決針對此類問題的非常有用的信息。