⑴ 英語必修1的全部語法 外研版
高一英語必修一語法
一. 直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1. 時態的變化:直接引語變為間接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態,即把原來的時態向過去推,也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,「These books are mine.」
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,「Is your father at home?」
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,「Please sit down.」
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,「Go away!」
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下:
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t.
7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如:Their questions haven』t got answered.
2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語,其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別:「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構,與被動語態的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞,多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者,而後者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾,被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)
5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
⑵ 拜託!急急急!外研社高一英語必修一全冊知識點【包括短語,重點句子,語法】
高一英語必修一知識點總結.txt
⑶ 必修一英語一單元語法講解
直接引語和間接引語
引述某人的話一般採用兩種形式:一種是直接引語(Direct Speech),即原封不動地引用原話,把它放在引號內;另一種是間接引語(Indirect Speech),即用自己的話加以轉述,被轉述的內容不放在引號內。
一、 直接引語變間接引語
A. 陳述句的間接引語
直接引語是陳述句,變為間接引語時,在多數情況下都構成一個that引導的賓語從句,引述動詞通常是say, tell等。與此同時,間接引語中的人稱、時態和其他方面也要相應有所變化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告訴我:我很喜歡北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告訴我說他(她)很喜歡北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports. 她說:我們都喜歡體育運動。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她說他(她)們都喜歡體運動。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他說:我將把語法課再復習一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他說他將要把語法課再復習一遍。(that可省略)
B. 疑問句的間接引語
1.一般疑問句和反意疑問句
一般疑問句改為間接引語時,要用陳述語序,並要加連詞if 或 whether,其主句動詞常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用問號。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老師問我:你喜歡美國鄉村音樂嗎?
→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老師問我是否喜歡美國鄉村音樂。
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他問:你沒去過北,是嗎?
→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他問我是否去過北京。
2.否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句
如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時,用whether
⑷ 求外研版高一必修1英語語法全解
1. be absent from…. 缺席,不在
2. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
3. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被動語態):be absorbed in 全神貫注於…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on
4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富於,富有
5. access(to) (不可數名詞) 能接近,進入,了解
6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
7. of one』s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自願地 ,主動地
8. in accord with 與…一致 . out of one』s accord with 同….不一致
9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根據
11. on one』s own account
1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one』s own risk) 自行負責
3) (=by oneself)依靠自己
on account 賒賬; on account of 因為; on no account不論什麼原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.
12. take…into account(=consider)把...考慮進去
13. give sb. an account of 說明, 解釋 (理由)
14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說明.
15. on account of (=because of) 由於,因為.
16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時句子要倒裝)
17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
18. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
19. act on 奉行,按照…行動; act as 扮演; act for 代理
20. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己適應於
21. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(以適應新的需要)
22. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
23. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
24. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 堅持, 遵循
25. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗鄰的, 臨近的
26. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)調節; 適應;
27. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的餘地.
28. in advance (before in time) 預告, 事先.
29. to advantage 有利的,使優點更加突出地.
30. have an advantage over 勝過.
have the advantage of 由於…處於有利條件
have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
31. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
32. agree with 贊同(某人意見) agree to 同意
33. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
34. ahead of 在…之前, 超過…;……………. ahead of time 提前.
35. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具體. 2)在謠傳中.
36. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.
37. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 總共, 總計
38. after all 畢竟,到底; (not) at all 一點也不;
all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大體上說; be all in 累極了; all but 幾乎.
39. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考慮到, 估計到.
40. amount to (=to be equal to) 總計, 等於.
41. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 對…負責.
42. answer to (=conform to) 適合,符合.
43. be anxious about 為…焦急不安; 或anxious for
44. apologize to sb. for sth. 為…向…道歉
45. appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼籲. appeal to sb. 對某人有吸引力
46. apply to sb. for sth. 為…向…申請 ; apply for申請; apply to 適用.
47. apply to 與…有關;適用
48. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 贊成, approve vt. 批准
49. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.
50. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…
51. arrive on 到達; arrive at 到達某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到達某地(大地方);
52. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…為羞恥
53. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保證, 使…確信.
54. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 縛, 系 ,結
55. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 試圖做…
56. attend to (=give one』s attention, care and thought)注意,照顧;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料
57. attitude to/ toward …對…的態度.看法
58. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..歸因於.., 認為..是..的結果
59. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均
60. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意識到,知道.
61. at the back of (=behind) 在…後面
62. in the back of 在…後部(裡面); on the back of 在…後部(外面); be on one』s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.
63. at one』s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,維護; have sb. at one』s back 有…支持, 有…作後台
64. turn one』s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背棄,拋棄
65. behind one』s back 背著某人(說壞話)
66. be based on / upon 基於
67. on the basis of 根據…, 在…基礎上
68. beat…at 在…運動項目上打贏
69. begin with 以…開始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(經常用於開始語)
70. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名義
71. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依賴,信仰.
72. benefit (from) 受益,得到好處.
73. for the benefit of 為了…的利益(好處)
74. for the better 好轉
75. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打敗, 勝過.
76. by birth 在出生上,論出身,按血統 at birth 在出生時; give birth to 出生
77. blame sb. for sth. 因…責備某人 blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上
78. in blossom開花(指樹木) be in blossom開花(強調狀態) come into blossom開花(強調動作)
79. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火車或飛機
80. boast of (or about) 吹噓
81. out of breath 喘不過氣來
82. in brief(=in as few words as possible)簡言之
83. in bulk 成批地,不散裝的
84. take the floor 起立發言
85. on business 出差辦事.
86. be busy with sth.忙於某事 be busy doing sth. 忙於做某事
87. last but one 倒數第二.
88. last but not least最後一點但也是最重要的一點
89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假設
90. buy sth. for…money 用多少錢買
91. be capable of 能夠, 有能力 be capable of being +過去分詞:是能夠被…的
92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)無論如何
93. in case (=for fear that) 萬一;
94. in case of (=in the event of)如果發生…萬一 in the case of 至於…, 就…而言
95. in no case在任何情況下都不(放句首倒裝句)
96. be cautious of 謹防
97. center one』s attention on(=focus one』s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.
99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地
100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然
101. for a change換換環境(花樣等)
102. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
103. in charge of (=responsible for) 負責(某事)
in the charge of …由…管
104. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)負責管理(照顧)
105. charge…for 因…索取(費用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…
106. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 晝夜不停地
107. comment on 評論
108. commit oneself to 使自己承擔… commit sb. to prison把某人送進監獄; commit one』s idea to writing 把某人的想法寫下來; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交給委員會討論
109. in common (和…)有共同之處,共用. be common to sb. 是與某人所共有的
110. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好.
⑸ 誰幫我總結一下 英語高一必修一(外研版) 所有的語法情況
額 。,,,,,,,。。。。。。。。。
⑹ 高中英語必修一語法總結 外研版
按順序的:被動語態,連詞,間接引語,動詞不定式,but + to do的方法,定語從句版(限定和非限定),將權來進行時,祈使句,條件狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,非謂語動詞作後置定語,by+ing表示通過……方法,復習情態動詞,動詞+have done表對過去的推測
⑺ 外研版高一英語必修一有什麼語法知識點 請詳細的列一下,並解釋一下,我剛上高一什麼
外研版高一來英語必修一有以下語法源項目語法:
四種時態:一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時、一般過去時;
兩種非謂語動詞:v-ing 形式、動詞過去分詞;
形容詞的比較級
冠詞
構詞法中的合成詞
課文中還有:
倒裝知識
強調結構
否定轉移
祝你開心如意!
⑻ 外研版高中英語1-5各冊,各單元的語法點,只要概況,不要具體講解。主要是了解一下語法的分布
高一: 定語從句 反義疑問句 直接引語 間接引語 情態動詞
高二 非謂語動詞 倒裝 省略 了解就可以了
⑼ 求外研版高一必修一英語重要短語和語法。
必修一
in other words 換句話說
look forward to 期待;盼望
at the start of 在……開始的時候
at the end of 在……結束的時候
go to college 上大學
be divided into 被(劃)分成……
take part in 參加
make sure 確定;確信;查明;弄清楚
so that (引起表示結果的從句)因此
make progress 取得進步
as a result 結果
in fact 事實上
fall asleep 睡著
tell jokes 講笑話;開玩笑
get on 上(車、船等)
get off 下(車、船等)
get into 上(車)
get out of 下(車)
take off (飛機)起飛
be short for 是……的縮寫/簡稱
not …any more 不再
out of date 過時
refer to 指的是
put up 修建
so far 到目前為止
up to now到目前為止
till now 到目前為止
get away from 擺脫
a great many 許多;大量
a number of 許多;大量
go up 上升
add … to … 往……加入……
used to 過去(常常)……
in the area of 在……領域
be proud of 為……感到驕傲/自豪
be supposed to 應當;理應
consists of 由……組成
as well 也
become known as … 作為……而出名;被稱為……;叫作……
go down 下降
come up with 提出
from that moment on 從那時起
concentrate on 聚精會神;集中思想
compared with 與……相比
1. I don』t think I will be bored in Ms Shen』s class! 我認為上沈老師的課我是不會感到厭倦的。
否定轉移(把否定詞從從句移到主句):如:I think/suppose/believe/imagine …等。
2. 倍數表達法:
A + 謂語+倍數+the +n.(size/ height/ length…)+of B Eg. This square is twice the size of that one.
A + 謂語+倍數+as + abj. + as B Eg. This square is twice as large as that one.
A + 謂語+倍數+adj. 比較級+than B Eg. This square is twice larger than that one.
3. prefer to do A rather than do B…(兩者相比)願意干A而不願意干B
= would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than B
would rather +從句(從句要用虛擬語氣)
4詢問某人對某物的評價或看法,其回答是評價性的話語:
What do you think of……? = How do you find……? =How do you like…..?
5. Sb. can do nothing but do... 除了做……, 某人什麼也做不了.
Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……別無選擇.
6. To one's delight / joy / surprise/astonishment, ... 讓某人高興/驚奇的是,…….
Eg. To my surprise, he looked at me in surprise.
必修一的語法項目:
一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時、一般過去時、動詞-ing形式、動詞過去分詞、形容詞的比較等級、冠詞、合成詞。
語法內容實在太多了,我這兒不可能給你把這些語法規則一條條地寫出來,請參見課本P107--112。