1. 要高一牛津版英語詞彙和語法總結總結 要全,英語不好,希望各位高手幫幫,我不吝嗇懸賞
對於詞彙,一定要多積累,首先,每個單元後面的單詞每一個要過關,不止內要會讀還要會默寫。然後,容在閱讀中遇到的生詞,你最好把它記下來,日積月累,相信你的詞彙不是問題。至於你的語法,當然是沒有什麼訣竅的啦,只要你勤奮,上課認真做筆記,課後把老師講的語法知識背下來,再做相關的練習,這樣就能夠鞏固你的語法知識了,這是我學英語的經驗,你可以試下!
2. 誰幫忙整理一下牛津高中英語模塊一的片語,語法
對不起啊,這些資料可能對你來說不對,但我只能找到這么多了.還有因為這些資料我是從WORD上復制下來,所以格式上有點亂,請見諒.
定語從句
1. 定語從句的結構及理解
2. 定語從句的關系詞的使用
3. 定語從句的簡化表達
知識總結歸納
(一)定語從句的結構:在復合句中,修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子(做這個名詞或代詞的定語)叫定語從句,定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞後面,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞,它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接,這個詞指代先行詞的內容叫做關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行詞在定語從句中充當主語,賓語,時間,地點,原因狀語。
結構:先行詞+關系詞+定語從句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
(二)定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句:
限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明,缺少它,則句義顯得不完整,從句與先行詞緊密相連。
非限定性定語從句:對先行詞進行補充說明,解釋,它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.
(三)關系詞前面可以根據定語從句的內容加上一些介詞,這些關系詞在介詞後面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知識重點與難點
(一)當先行詞有最高級,序數詞修飾,是不定代詞,或是all, no, only等形式時,關系代詞一般用that,而不能用which。
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
(二)當先行詞是表示時間,地點,原因的詞時,關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that
1. I』m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn』t tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
(三)定語從句的簡化表達:
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
說明:以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來:
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
說明:修飾一個名詞除了後面用定語從句以外,還可以用非謂語動詞形式:doing短語,done短語,being done短語,to be done短語修飾。其結構和意思如下:
1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語: 正在做….的人/正在發生的事。
2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語: 被…..的人/事
3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語:正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語:將要被…..的人/事
(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?
(2)The 「crazy」 gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means 「you have a phone call」 in Brazil.
(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?
(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.
(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
(7)The Yellow River, said to be 「the mother river」 runs across China like a huge dragon.
總結:以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞,不定式的各種形式作定語。
1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的後面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語,則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。
2. 分詞作定語時,其動作應與全句動作同時發生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做,V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的
3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的,to be done表示將要被做的
情態動詞
1. 情態動詞的推測表達
2. 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣
3. 某些情態動詞的特殊用法
知識重點與難點總結
知識重點:
情態動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用:
(一)用情態動詞表達事實的推測。can,could,might,may,must可以用來表達對事實的推測。根據說話人對事實的把握性大小,must表示「肯定…」,may / might / can / could表示「可能……」, must只用於肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 「可能不……」, 而can / could可以用於疑問句,表示「可能,可能……嗎?」,其否定式can』t / couldn』t 表示「不可能」。用情態動詞可以對現在或過去的事實進行推測。對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構。
(二)對現在的事實進行推測:
主要結構:…must / may / might +動詞原形
be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語
be + doing
例句:
1. You must be Jeanne. I』m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.
2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.
3. The teacher must be joking.
4. Freda isn』t in class. She must be sick.
5. There must be something wrong.
6. She might be very clever, but she hasn』t got much common sense.
7. He may be arriving this evening.
8. He may be traveling around the world.
9. The keys can』t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.
10. Can the news be true ?
(三)對過去的事實進行推測:結構:情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語
例句:
1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.
2. He couldn』t have seen Anna yesterday. She』s gone abroad.
3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.
4. He might have overslept again.
5. Where can Tom have gone ?
情態動詞表達虛擬語氣:表達「本來…」,「不然早就…」。這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反。表達了說話人的埋怨,後悔的語氣。其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構。根據要表達的意思,有如下結構:
should have done / ought to have done:本應該……
shouldn』t have done / oughtn』t to have done:本不該……
could have done:本來可以……
needn』t have done:本來沒必要……
would like to have done:本來很想……
would rather not have done: 本來不願意……
could / might / have done: 不然早就……
例句:
1. You shouldn』t have laughed at his mistakes.
2. You could have told us earlier.
3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.
4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.
5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.
6. They would like to have seen that film last film.
7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.
8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.
知識難點:
某些情態動詞的特殊用法:
need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法
need 和dare可以用做實義動詞,後面接不定式(to do)結構,在疑問句和否定句中,加助動詞do/does/did/或don』t/doesn』t/didn』t。作為情態動詞使用時,主要用於疑問句和否定句中。情態動詞needn』t(沒有必要,不必)相當於don』t have to
例句:
1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.
2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn』t.
3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?
注意:
句型I dare say+從句。 意思是:我肯定…… = I』m sure或There is no doubt that+從句。
例句:
I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.
will和would
表示「意志」或「願意」,would 則指過去願意做……
例句:
1. He said that he would help us.
2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.
would可以表達「過去習慣做……」類似於「used to do」
例句:
1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.
表示請求,固定的句型:Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?
例句:Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?
shall
1. 用於第一,三人稱,表示「請求」;「建議」 或「推薦」
例句:
1. Shall we start the meeting now?
2. Shall I watch TV now ?
3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?
2. 用於第二人稱,表示「命令,「要求」,「許諾」
例句:
1. You shall take whatever you like.
2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.
在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中,常用can /can』t /could / couldn』t表示,意思是:「可能…嗎?」;「…不可能…」。而不能使用mustn』t或must等詞。
與it有關的主要句型
it強調句型
知識總結歸納:
(一)it用做形式主語或形式賓語:根據句子結構的需要,it用做形式主語或形式賓語,而真正的主語或賓語(to do 短語,doing短語,名詞性從句)則放在句尾。
主要句型:
It』s +形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句
to do sth.
doing sth.
find / make / think / feel it +形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句
to do sth.
doing sth.
例句:
1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English .
2. It』s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs .
3. It』s a pity that I didn』t think of it earlier.
4. It』s no use going there so early.
5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.
6. Didn』t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?
7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.
(二)其他句型
1. It takes+時間段+sb.+ to do sth.
2. 表示「據說,據報道,/人們認為/相信/建議等
It』s said that…….
It』s reported that ……
It』s believed/thought/suggested that……
例句:
1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength .
2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring(探險)on their own and get stuck on the cliff .
3. It』s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem .
4. It was once predicted(預測)that British and American English would become separate languages finally .
(三)it在強調句型中:在英語中,為了突出強調句子的某一個成分(謂語除外),達到強調或使聽話人特別注意這一部分的目的。便形成了一種強調句型。
It is / was+被強調的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。
It is / was not until+時間+that+句子的其他部分。
例句:
1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.
It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.
It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.
It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.
2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much .
5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so .
知識難點:
(一)注意強調句型的變形,即以一般疑問句或特殊疑問句的形式出現的強調句型。
1. What is it that Joe can』t find in the bathroom ?
2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia?
3. I can』t quite remember when it was that we married.
4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?
(二)是強調句型還是that主語從句或其他復合句
1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
2. It is these poisonous procts that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
3. It was almost ten o』clock when our soldiers came back from the front.
4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?
(三)注意強調句型中被強調部分帶有定語從句
Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.
知識總結歸納
(一)概述:
主語與謂語的一致:在英語表達中,謂語動詞的形式要和主語的人稱和數保持一致。主要體現在be動詞,助動詞do, have 以及一般現在時態中的動詞形式。
謂語動詞與主語保持一致的基本原則:語法一致,就近一致和意義一致。
名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單,復數之分,動詞的單數就是第三人稱單數形式,而動詞的復數形式即動詞的原形。
例句:
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o』clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
(二)語法一致:
1. 由and連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語:
(1)這部分主語表示的是兩個人或兩件不同的事物,謂語動詞用復數形式。
例句:
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R』s.
(2)這部分主語表示具有兩個身份或性質的同一個人或一個完整的事物,謂語動詞用單數形式。
例句:
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
(3)這部分主語前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。
例句:
① Each doctor and(each)nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 動名詞,不定式,主語從句做主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
例句:
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示時間,金錢,距離,重量的復數名詞表示數量做主語時,被視為一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式。
例句:
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
例句:
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.
(三)就近原則
由連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時,謂語動詞和離它最近的哪個名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。
例句:
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin』s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意:There be句型中be 的形式由它後面的第一個名詞的數決定。
例句:
1. There aren』t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名詞後面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語共同做主語時,謂語動詞與這些短語前面的那個名詞的數一致。
例句:
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.
(四)意義一致
1. 代詞none, neither, all的不可數形式還是復數形式由它們指的內容決定
例句:
(1)All hope has gone.
(2)All are agreed on this point.
(3)—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
(4)None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名詞的單,復數形式根據它們強調的內容而定。
例句:
(1)The class were all cheerful.
(2)The team were taking over some new plays.
(3)The group are reading the newspapers.
(4)The army is going to remain in this town.
(5)The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定詞短語all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分數/百分數+of ….修飾名詞構成的名詞短語做主語時,謂語動詞的形式由of 後面的名詞形式決定。
例句:
(1)None of these suggestions are very helpful.
(2)I don』t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
(3)Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
難點突破
1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現在單項選擇和短文改錯兩個題型中。同學們在練習和應試時,遇到這樣的題時,要牢記主謂一致的三個基本原則。一定要根據句子內容抓住關鍵的主語部分。同時還要考慮句子的時態和語態。
2. one of +復數名詞做定語從句的先行詞時,定語從句中的謂語動詞與復數名詞一致。 the only one of +復數名詞做定語從句的先行詞時,定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數形式。
例句:
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
3. 蘇教版高一英語必修一語法知識點總結
一. 直接引語和間接引語 (一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。 1. 時態的變化:直接引語變為間接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態,即把原來的時態向過去推,也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,等等。例如: Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」 →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據意義進行相應的變化,例如: She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」 →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,「These books are mine.」 →He said that those books were his. (二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如: She said,「Is your father at home?」 →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. 「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如: She said to us,「Please sit down.」 →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,「Go away!」 →He ordered him to go away. He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」 →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各種時態的被動語態 被動語態概述 被動語態的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被動語態的構成 被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下: 1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞 例如:Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞 例如:These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞 例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞 例如:Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t. 7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞 注意: 1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如:Their questions haven』t got answered. 2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如: More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語,其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如: The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別:「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構,與被動語態的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞,多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者,而後者則不可以。例如: The map was changed by someone.(被動結構) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構) 系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾,被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。 例如: He was very excited.(系表結構) He was much excited by her words.(被動結構) 5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如: These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。 The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。 The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
Unit 11. 片語: add up add up to add… to… add to calm… down have got to be concerned about / with walk the dog cheat … of go through go ahead go by set down set up set off set out a series of on purpose by accident/ chance in order to so as to in order that so as that at sk at dawn at midnight at noon face to face no longer not … any longer settle down suffer from recover from get/ be tired of make a list of list pack… up get along/ on with fall in love be grateful to sb. for sth. join in take part in join attend make sb/ sth + 賓語補足語 have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with it』s because….. +原因 it』s why…. + 結果 dare + (to) do (實義動詞) do (情態動詞) a year and a half it』s no pleasure+ doing sth happen to do sth have trouble with sb (in) doing sth exactly find it + adj. + to do sth make friends with swap … with it is / was + 序數詞 + that + has done / had done ….unit 2片語: because of come up come up with come in come on come out actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality be based on at present make use of make full/ good use of such as play a part/ role in recognize … as more than one + 謂語用單數 at the end of in the end at an end voyage tour travel journey than ever before even if / though communicate with those + 定語從句 用who 1600』s 1980s in + 物主代詞 + 數字的復數 in his forties the former the latter a number of the number of make sense usage VS use believe it or not there is no such + 名詞 (不加冠詞) the way + in which / that /省略 especially specially straight adj/ advunit 3片語: prefer to do , rather than do would rather do , than do would do , rather than do fare VS fee ever since it』s is / has been + 時間段 + since 從句 graate from/ in be fond of cut across cut up cut down care about care for determine to do sth = be determined to do sth change one』s mind make up one』s mind at an altitude of give in give up give off give out give away keep pace with as usual bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth unit 4片語:right away at once immediately burst into laughter/ tears burst out doing sth as if / though in ruins injure wound hurt destroy damage be trapped in dig out bury oneself in doing sth rise raise arise too… to be away it seems as if + 陳述語氣/ 虛擬語氣 act out be pleased / willing/ glad to do sthhonor in honor of be proud of express my thanks to unit 5片語: of high/ good quality devote to + doing found VS set up in principle in peace out of work in work out of control in control vote for vote against be equal to in trouble turn to turn on / off turn up / down lose heart lose one』s heart escape from / + doing sth come to power / in power be sentenced to in one』s opinion fight for / against blow up dream of/ about imagine doing sth the first time for the first time 語法點1. whether VS if 的用法2. tell sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth 3. be + doing 表將來4. 定語從句: 只用that 的情況 只用who 的情況 只用which的情況 as VS which the same … as / that… such… as as … as 介詞+ which/ whom which 引導一個句子的用法 非限制性定語從句which 引導一個句子的用法 非限制性定語從句 插入語 I think I believe I guess I thought 間隔式定語從句 Is this car the one he bought last year? Is this the car he bought last year? What 的用法5. will be done be about to be done be to be done be going to be done 6. has/ have been done 7. be being done 加always 表示一種厭煩等語氣8. 強調句 it is + 被強調部分 + that 從句 It is not until + 時間 + that 從句 特殊疑問詞 + is it that 從句 9. 倒裝句 部分否定,含有否定詞的 hardly never little only seldom 等, 把情態動詞,be 動詞, 助動詞提到主語 的前面10. as if , insist suggest request command ,從句用虛擬語氣, 用(should) do 。
4. 牛津高中英語語法講解
推薦一本語法書,應試性實用性兼備。
《英語語法實踐指南》,復旦大學出版社。
認真研究,語法題滿分無憂。
5. 高一英語所有的語法...
look up 抬頭向上看
look up to sb尊敬某人 look down on 輕視
a well-dressed lady 一位穿著講究的女士
glance at 瞥一眼
greet sb with a smile 用微笑打招呼
a senior employee資深的員工
be senior to 比…年長的,資深的
prefer sth to sth 喜歡….不喜歡…..
prefer doing a to doing b喜歡做a不喜歡做b
prefer to do a rather than do b寧願做a而不願做b
the way +that 做….的方式,方法
+in which
+ /
more than 超過,不只是,經常
more than speaking and listening 不只是
gesture 手勢
expression 表情
expression on your face 你的臉部表情
appearance 外貌,外表
appear 出現,似乎 disappear消失
It appears that….. 似乎,好像
communicate with sb 交流
communicate sth to sb 把(信息,消息)傳遞給某人
keep up/lose communication with sb 與某人保持/失去聯系
leave/make/ give sb a good impression leave/make /give a good impression on sb 給某人留下很好的印象
make sb feel+ adj. 是某人覺得….
decide to do sth 決定做某事
decide on sth= choose 選擇
for assistance 為了得到幫助
improve 提高
smile at sb 像某人微笑
enter the classroom 走進教室
enter for 報名參加
it seems to work 這好像起作用了
without hesitation 毫不猶豫
hesitate to do sth 猶豫做某事,不願意做某事
remark 評論 downwards 向下的
sigh for sth 為…..嘆氣
remind sb to do sth /remind sb of sth /remind sb +從句 提醒某人(做)某事
throughout the history of mankind 在人類歷史上
in many situation 在許多情況下
the key to sth ….的關鍵
signal (n)信號 ,(v)示意,表示
hostility 敵意
confusion 困惑
in western culture 在西方文化里
maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流
contact v. & n. 交往,聯系
keep contact with sb 與某人取得聯系
lose contact with sb 與某人失去聯系
avoid doing 避免做某事
in authority 掌權
as a matter of fact =in fact 事實上
for instance =for example 比如
concentration 專心
concentrate(v.) on sth 集中時間做某事
subtle 微妙的,細微的
consider sth as sth 把…看作…
be considered (as) sth 認為,看作
consider doing sth 考慮做某事
stare at 盯著
be rude to sb = be impolite to sb 不禮貌
boredom 無聊
lack(n.) of sth缺少
lack(v.) sth
respect v.& n. 尊敬
lead to =result in=give rise to導致
lead to this road 通向這條路
unit 2
call on sb =drop in on sb 拜訪某人
call at some place =drop in at some place拜訪某地
care for your hair 照料你的頭發
hairstyle 發型
suit sb 適合某人
guarantee to do sth 保證做某事
guarantee sth to sb 向某人保證
be /feel on top of the world 覺得興高采烈
get advice from expert 從專家那得到建議
curl 卷發
angle 稜角
keep healthy 保持健康
eat a balanced diet 吃均衡的飲食
plenty of 許多,大量
in addition 另外
look after = take care of 照顧
shampoo 洗發劑
it is adj. for sb to do sth
it is adj. of sb to do sth
effective 有效的
conditioner 護發素
apply 使用
apply to 使用,申請,塗
apply to the company for the position 向公司申請某個職位
squeeze out 擠出
damage(v) sth 損害某物
do damage(n) to sth
loosen 使松
dirt 灰塵
comb n.& v. 梳子 梳頭發
hairdryer 吹風機
wash out 洗掉
at least 至少
remember to do sth 記得要去做某事(沒做)
remember doing sth 記得做過某事(做了)
overuse 過度使用
suggest doing sth 建議做某事
make / put forward a suggestion 提出建議
normal 正常的
wet (v)把….弄濕 Some people…..while others……一些人….然而另一些人…..
bald 禿頂
as a result of 由於
a result of …..的結果
ensure 確保,保證
pay attention to sth/to doing sth 注意
protein 蛋白質
adequate 足夠的
eight to ten glasses of water 喝8-10 杯水
keep sth from doing sthe 避免
rob sb of sth 搶了某人的東西
steal sth from sb 偷了某人的東西
shiny 閃亮的
remedy for …..的療法
rinse your hair 沖洗掉你的頭發
help sb/sth do 幫助做某事
regularly 經常的
be sure to 務必,確保
the key to sth …..的關鍵
dairy proct 乳製品
stress 精神壓力
rub your hair 搓你的頭發
Unit 3
places of interests = tourist attraction旅遊景點
the Great Wall 長城
be interested in 對….有興趣
show interest in
interests 利益
twist and turn 蜿蜒曲折(v.)
twist the truth 扭曲事實
turn down 拒絕
turn up 出現
turn out 結果是
turn to 求助於
turn over移交
mountain chains 山脈
construction of sth ….的建造
be under construction 在建設中
take shape 成型
be designed by 被誰設計
complete 完成
completion
magnificent壯麗的,宏偉的
from a distance 從遠處看
structure 建築物
base 底座
include 包含---exclude 不包含
gallery (藝術品)展覽館
bronze ware 青銅器
sculpture 雕塑
calligraphy 書法
seal 印章
furniture 傢具
it takes+一段時間for sb to do sth 做什麼事情花費某人多少時間
historical 有關歷史的
historic 歷史性的
preserve the buildings 保存,保護這些大樓
preservation 保護區
be admitted to some places被允許進入
admit to doing sth 承認做某事
scenery 風景
landscape,風景,山水
landscape painting 山水畫 odd 古怪的,奇數
reflection 倒影,反思
the remains of sth ….的遺跡
ancient temple 古老的廟宇
be the pride of sth 是…..的驕傲
be proud of =take pride in 對…..感到驕傲
abandon v.& n. 放棄
access(n) to sth 到達,有….的權利
access(v) some places
fall of the roman empire 羅馬帝國的衰落
stadium 競技場
fall into ruin 成為廢墟
hold more than 5000 people 容納超過五千人
wonder 奇跡
tomb 墳墓
overlook 俯瞰
sit in the stands 坐在看台上
civilization 文明
be made of 有…..製成(看得到材料)
be made from 有…..製成(看不見材料)
be attracted by 被…吸引
unit4
surprise n. & vt.驚奇,吃驚
to one』s surprise令人驚訝的
be surprised to do sth吃驚的做某事
studio studios演播室
film v.& n.拍攝,電影
director導演
contestant競爭者
contest v.& n.競爭,比賽
contest with=compete with競爭
a speech contest 演講比賽
whisper 低語
whisper to sb向某人低語
on the stage在舞台上
faint adj &v. & n. 微弱的,暈倒,昏厥
a faint hope 渺茫的希望
faint with 因…..而暈倒
in a dead faint 不省人事
gasp 喘著氣說
gasp out 氣喘吁吁地說出
off the stage 下舞台
raise one』s hand 舉起某人的手
rush forward 沖向
powder one』s face 在臉上抹粉
comb one』s hair 梳頭發
make-up artist 化妝師
cue sb 給某人提示
clap拍手
boom 低沉地說
terrific 極好的
be ahead of 領先
tense 緊張的
sit on the edge of one』s seat 坐在座位的邊緣
chew one』s fingernails 要手指甲
keep still 靜止不動
make sb up 化妝
make up one』s mind 下定決心做某事
make up sth 編造
make up for 彌補
a bag of nerves 一個神經緊張的人
cameraman 攝影師
seat v. 使坐下
quiz 智力競賽
trend 趨勢
entertainment technology 娛樂科技
feel like + n/adj. 感覺就像
feel like sth /doing 想要什麼,想要做什麼
imax dome theatre 3D電影院
the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
上海科技館
surround 環繞
surroundings 環境
audience 觀眾
achieve a similar effect 達到相似的效果
flat-screen寬屏
be suspended on the wall被懸掛在牆上
digital technology 數字科技
be arranged round the viewers被安排圍繞著觀眾
arrange安排
be introced in 被引進
high- quality music 高質量音樂
no longer 不再
record v & n 記錄
cassette磁帶
stereo立體聲的
beat sb 戰勝某人
Unit 5
vegetarian 素食者
vegetable 素食
mixed grill 烤什錦
pork chops 豬排
steak 牛排
sausage 香腸
sound good to sb 聽起來很好
sound +adj.聽起來….
nor more 不再
the program on tv 電視節目
be influenced by 被…..影響
have an influence on = have an effect on
對….影響
on space 在太空
become an astronaut 成為宇航員
instry 工業
instrialization 工業化
spend time on sth 在……花時間
spend time in doing sth
in tiny spaces 在狹窄的空間里
get sick 生病
by the way 順便說一下
ought to 應該
instead of= in place of 替代
it contains vitamins and minerals 它包含維生素和礦物質
pesticide 農葯
be healthy for sb 有助於健康
the best source of energy 能量做好的來源
be full of energy = energetic
the importance of sth …..的重要性.
a variety of sth.多種多樣的
advise doing 建議做某事=suggest doing
advise sb (not ) to do 建議(不)要做某事
advise on sth 建議某事
a balanced diet 營養均衡的食物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事
warn sb that從句
lack of (v.)缺少
a lack of (n.)
especially 尤其是,特別是 risk doing (v.) 冒險做某事
run the risk of doing sth
at the risk (n.)of= at the cost of 以 ….為代價
decide on 選定=choose
decide to do sth 決定做某事
tell from 區別
on one hand / on the other hand
在一方面,在另一方面
Crowd 聚集=gather together
Crowded 擁擠的
Pepper 胡椒粉
Grow種植
Cattle牛群appetite胃口
Cheeseburger干乳酪漢堡包
Milkshake奶昔
Increase增加
Heart attack心臟病
Intelligent 聰明的
Unit 6
agriculture 農業
farming務農
farm v. 務農,飼養
natural 自然的
grow plants in soil 在土裡種植植物
sources of …..的來源
zone 地區
nourish v. 滋養
nourishment n.滋養
mixture混合物fertilizer肥料
make the best use of 充分利用
experimental research on 關於..的實驗性實驗
facility 場所
involve 包含
profitable盈利的
chemical化學品
technique科技
prove to 證明
used to do過去常常
get/be used to doing習慣於
economic benefits經濟利益
appear amazed to do 看似很驚訝做某事
It appears that 好似
appear to do 好像要做某事
backward 落後的
high-tech高科技的
many forms of 許多形式
cancer癌症
health problems健康問題
as common as像…..一樣平常
account for 解釋,說明
in moderation 適中
in contrast to 相比之下
stay healthy保持健康
in comparison 與…..相比
be aware of 意識到
experience (v)經受
fortunately 幸運的
weight 重量
6. 高一英語的所有時態及句子類型,和語法
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7. 高中英語牛津版的所有語法
中學英語語法精典總結
1.賓語從句:1.主句若是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況用適當時態。He says (that) he will have a walk soon.
The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.
I want to know who came here late this morning.
2.主句若是一般過去時,從句也要用過去時。
He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well.
She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.
3.無論主句是何時態,從句若表客觀真理,要用一般現在時。
Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.
4賓語從句無論有何引導詞,都要用陳述句語序。
Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?(不是will you)
Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)
2.狀語從句:1主句若是一般將來時、祈使句或含不表過去的情態動詞等,則if(如果), unless(除非),when(當…的時候), as soon as(一…就…),before, after, until, till, as(當…的時候)所引導的狀語從句用一般現在時。
You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.
I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.
Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.
2而主句若是一般過去時,從句也要用過去時,如:
I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.
When he got to the park, his classmates had left.
My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.
3.定語從句:關系代詞who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 後必須跟有名詞,既指人,也可指物。關系詞作主語時,不可省略,作賓語時可省略。whom只指人,只作賓語。關系副詞where指「在那裡」,when指「在那時」。
She is a girl who/that is beauty l and kind-hearted.
She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.
That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. (所屬)
The girl who is tall is my sister. / I own a bike whose price is high.
I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. (指物)
I prefer a place which/that is clean and quiet.
I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. (在這兒)
I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog.
4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that從句.
I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qing.
I wish youto join my party this Sunday.
I wish (that) I could be a scientist.
2hope接to do sth. 或that從句. 但不接sb to do sth.
I hope to receive a letter from you some day.
I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon.
5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.
(表達對對方為自己做了某事的感謝,後無補充的結果。)
Thanks to your suggestion, I didn』t make such mistakes.
(表達感謝由於某方所做的有利的事,出現了後面的結果。)
6.感官動詞用法之一:see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, feel等詞,後接賓語,再接動詞原形/ 動詞ing, 分別表示全過程和正在進行。句中有頻率詞時,以上的詞也常跟動詞原形。
I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (正進行)
I heard someone knock at the door three times. (聽的是全過程)
I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (頻率詞)
若以上詞用於被動語態,後面原有動詞原形改為帶to不定式:
We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife. →
He was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife.
7.感官動詞用法之二:look, sound, smell, taste, feel可當系動詞,後接形容詞。He looks . It sounds good. The flowers smell beauty l. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired.
這些動詞不用於被動語態。The sweets are tasted sweet.是錯誤的。
注意:如果加介詞like, 則後不可接形容詞,而接名詞或代詞:
He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea.
It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.
8.find和think部分用法: + 賓語 + 賓語補足語。(代替賓從)
賓補有以下情況:1.名詞短語,John found his son a clever boy.
2.形容詞短語,Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.
3.有時賓補後可接帶to不定式,I found it hard to fool the girl.
9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like,和want類似:◇都可接名詞短語:I would like/ want another three desks. ◇都可接帶to 不定式:I would like/ want to go out for a walk. ◇都可接sb,然後再跟帶to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.
2 feel like: ◇後也可接名詞短語:Do you feel like some tea?
◇後若接動詞,須用動詞ing形式:Do you feel like having a walk? I don』t feel like drinking tea.
【feel like常用於疑問句或否定句中。】
10.詞序易錯的短語:1 形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞,形容詞在後面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge?
Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the computer.
I want to go somewhere warm.
2 else修飾疑問詞和不定代詞、不定副詞,也放在後面。
What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?
Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?
3 enough修飾形容詞和副詞,enough 放在後面。
This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.
He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.
11.對「評價」、「天氣」的提問之區別:1What do you think of …?=
How do you like …? 「你對…怎麼看?」(How…?句中有like,是動詞。) 2What』s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?「…的天氣什麼樣?」(What…?句中有like,是介詞「像」。)
12.take, cost, pay, spend區別:
1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.
It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.
2 物+cost+sb+錢: The bag cost me thirty yuan. (cost, cost, cost)
若cost後無sb, 則譯作「價錢是」:The bag costs 30 Yuan.
3 人+ pay +sb + 錢+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike. (pay, paid, paid). (pay後所加內容可視具體情況取捨。)
4 人 + spend + 時間/ 錢 + on sth / (in) doing sth.
The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.
The girl always spends much money on her clothes.
spend 有時可指「度過」:spend holiday/ weekends/ winter
13.雙賓結構:pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/
ask/ tell/ build等可加雙賓結構。即後接sb + sth.
其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.
buy, build等可接sth + for sb.
另外,若sth是代詞時,不用雙賓結構。Please pass it to me.
14.部分詞作連詞與介詞:(連詞接句子,介詞接名詞或代詞)
Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher. (連詞)
Keep care l when listening to the teacher. (介詞)
類似的,while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。
如:I』ll wait until I hear from her. (連詞)
I』ll wait until next Friday. (介詞)
15.動詞ed與動詞ing作形容詞用法之一: 1. 動詞ed作形容詞:表示被動或已發生,常作定語。The boy named Peter is my friend.
那個叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。劃線部分起修飾作用,下同。
He』s eating fried chicken. 他在吃炸雞。There is no time left.
I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我讀了一部魯迅寫的小說。
He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.
2. 動詞ing作形容詞:表示正進行或功能,常作定語。
the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正進行)
a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit (功能)
16.動詞ed與動詞ing作形容詞用法之二:和心理感受有關,但ed修飾人,ing常修飾物。I felt surprised at his words.
How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing.
8. 高一牛津版英語語法
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9. 高中英語語法時態
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十六種時態 :
一般現在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時;
現在進行時,過去進行時,將來進行時,過去將來進行時;
現在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時;
現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時,過去將來完成進行時.
一、 一般現在時:take 形式為原形。
例子:It takes me five years to finish the painting。
這幅畫花了我十年功夫
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
2。二、 一般過去時: take 形式為 took.
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
三、 現在進行時:take 形式為 am/is/are taking
1.概念: 表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are+doing
四、 過去進行時: take 形式為 was/were+taking
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構:was/were+doing
五、 現在完成時: take 形式為 have/has +taken
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:have/has + done
六、 過去完成時: take 形式為 had +taken
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:had + done.
七、 一般將來時: take 形式為:am/is/are/going to +take ;
will/shall +take
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
八、 過去將來時: take 形式為:was/were/going to +take ;
would/should + take
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
九.將來完成時: take 形式為:be going to/will/shall + have taken
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.現在完成進行時: take 形式為:have/has +been+taking
1.概念:在過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直持續到說話為止
2.基本結構:have/has +been+doing
十一:過去將來完成時:take 形式為:should /would have taken
基本構成形式:should /would + have done
十二:將來進行時。:take 形式為:shall/will be + taking
基本夠成形式::shall/will be + doing
十三:過去將來進行時:take 形式為:should /would be+taking
基本夠成形式:should /would be+doing
十四:過去完成進行時:take 形式為:had been +taking
基本夠成形式:had been +doing
十五:將來完成進行時:take 形式為:shall/will have been+taking
基本夠成形式:shall/will have been+doing
十六:過去將來完成進行時:take 形式為:should/would have been +taking
基本夠成形式:should/would have been +doing
最後幾種形式不太常用。只給你簡單列舉了下。希望可以幫到你。
10. 高一英語語法全部詳解
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。