㈠ 人教版八年級英語上冊第四單元語法!!急!!要各個單詞的用法!!
火眼金睛:
1.「花銷」細盤點:
spend,take,cost和pay的用法:
初中階段關於「花錢」,「花費時間」的詞常見的有以下五個:buy,cost,pay(for),spend和take。很多學生對這幾個詞的詞義和用法似懂非懂,用起來往往出錯。其實這些詞都與錢物有關,與時間有關的只有take和spend。下面具體談一談其用法:①spend指花錢,花費時間。主語是人。其常見結構分別為to spend money on sth.,spend time(in)doing sth.。
I spent six yuan on a new dictionary.
—How do you spend your spare time?
—I spend my spare time writing books.②take指花錢(=cost)
It takes/costs me a lot of money to buy a big house.
= To buy a big house takes/costs me a lot of money.
take用來說明做某事需要多少時間,有三種不同的結構:
1)主語是人
She took the whole day to read the novel.(她花了一整天那本小說。)
2)主語是某種活動
The journey took me half an hour.
Reading the novel took her the whole day.
3)用形式主語it
It took me half an hour to get home yesterday.
It takes much time to do the shopping.
③pay(for),pay表示付給人家錢、帳單等;pay for表示買東西付款,也表示替別人付錢。主語是人。其常見結構是to pay sb.some money,pay money for sth.
You must pay me 100yuan a week for your meals.
How much did you pay for that book? ④cost指花錢,表示價值或代價(此代價可以是時間)。主語是事或物或動詞不定式短語。
其常見結構是to cost sb.some money。
The dictionary cost me 6yuan.
【小試牛刀】翻譯:(1)我六十元錢買了一本詞典 (五種譯法)
(2)讀這本書花了我一整天的時間 (四種譯法)
(Keys:
(1)a.I bought the dictionary for 60 yuan.
b.The dictionary cost me 60 yuan.
c.I paid 60 yuan for the dictionary.
d.I spent 60yuan on the dictionary.
e.It took me60 yuan to buy the dictionary.
(2)a.I spent the whole day reading the book.
b.I took the whole day to read the book.
c.Reading the book took me the whole day.
d.It took me the whole day to read the book.)
2.「數目」要說清:
a number of…「許多」與the number of…「……的數字/數目」這兩個片語的用法要分清:
①a number of…意思是「一些,若干」(= some),後接可數名詞復數或代詞,謂語動詞用復數形式。
a number of…片語中還可以加入形容詞表示數量大或小等(例如:a large/small number of…許多/少數……)。
②the number of…意思是「……的數字/數目」,介詞of同其後名詞構成介詞短語,修飾the number.當它作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。例如: Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of them kept on running to the end. 許多人參加了10000米跑,但只有一些人堅持跑到底。
A number of my friends think I should take a holiday.
我的一些朋友認為我應該休假。
The number of students is about forty.學生人數大約是40人左右。
3.到達路線有幾條:
arrive in/at,get to;reach意為「抵達,到達」,我們在句子中要正確運用。
【辨析】 arrive vi.到達什麼地方,後接in或at,大的地方用in,小的地方用at;reach vt.後接地點名詞;get to也可表示「到達」,後接地點名詞,比以上兩詞更口語化,也可用get加副詞(home,here,there等)。
題例:When did you __________ home?
A. go to B.arrive at C.reach in D.reach
【解析】 在英語中「到達」可表達為get to,arrive in/at和reach。get和ararrive是不及物動詞,所以後面接賓語時,應藉助於介詞。而reach是及物動詞,它後面可以直接跟賓語。但是本題的home是副詞,副詞前不可以有介詞,所以此題的正確答案是D。
【拓展】arrive一詞除了表示「到達」外還有「來到」、「出生」的意思:
Good weather is arriving.好天氣就要來了。
My baby arrived last night.我的寶寶是昨天夜裡出生的。
Too swift(快的) arrives as tardy(遲緩的) as too slow.
[諺語]欲速則不達。
4.條條大路通羅馬:(All Roads Lead to Rome)
英語中表示交通方式的形式很多,但總的來說,不外乎兩種方式,即: 用介詞和動詞來表示。
(一) 用介詞表示。
(1) by + 表示交通工具的名詞,泛指「乘/坐某種交通工具」,其中名詞前無任何修飾語,且只能用單數。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
他坐火車來的,但他妻子坐汽車來的。
Travelling by elephant is great fun. 騎象旅行很有趣。
類似的片語還有:by car乘車;by plane乘飛機;by ship乘船;by taxi乘計程車;等。
(2) in/on + 表示交通工具的名詞 , 或泛指或特指「乘/坐某種交通工具」,其中名詞前常有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等修飾語,名詞可以是單數或復數。
① bus,train,boat,plane,ship等有廂,有艙的名詞前,用介詞in或on。如:
We are going there in/on a bus.我們將乘公共汽車去那裡。(泛指)
Don't come here on /in the ship.不要坐船來這里。(特指)
② bike或motorbike前,只能用介詞on。如:
They go to work on their bikes.他們騎自行車上班。(特指)
She went out on her new motorbike.
她騎著她的新摩托車出去了。(特指)
③ car,taxi前,多用介詞in。如:
We are going to France in John』s car.
我們將坐約翰的車去法國。(特指)
(3) by/on + 表示交通工具的名詞,特指「乘/坐某一趟/輛/艘(車,船等)」,其中名詞為單數,其前常有定冠詞與數詞或具體時刻一起作修飾語。如: They came here by/on the first bus.他們是坐頭班車來的。
You can get there by/on the Number 10 bus / bus No.10.
你可以乘10路公共汽車到那裡。
He went up to London by/on the 10:30 (train).
他是乘10時30分的火車去倫敦的。
(4) by + 表示交通工具的名詞,泛指「乘/坐某種檔次的交通工具旅行」,其中名詞為單數,其前常有表示「等級或檔次」的形容詞作修飾語。如:
She travels by third-class train. 她乘三等車旅行。
I will go to Beijing by the fast train. 我將乘快車去北京。
He flew to Paris by first class (plane). 他坐頭等艙飛往巴黎。
He went to Tokyo by a large ship.他乘一艘大船去了東京。
(5) by + 表示交通線路或交通線路所經范圍的名詞 ,表示「經由陸路/水路/空中等線路旅行或運輸」,其中名詞為單數或不可數,其前無任何修飾語。如:
Shall we go by land or by sea ? 我們是由陸路去還是由水路去?
It saves a lot of time to travel by air.
乘飛機旅行可以節省許多時間。
類似的片語還有:by water由水路;by road由公路;by rail由鐵路;等。
(6) on + 表示人或動物特定身體部位的名詞,表示「步行或騎馬/駱駝」,其中名詞只能是foot、horseback或 camelback,其前無任何修飾語。如:
She usually goes to school on foot. 她通常步行上學。
Our friends arrived on horseback.我們的朋友是騎馬到的。
(7) on + 表示交通工具的動物名詞,表示「騎驢/馬/象/駱駝」,其中名詞為donkey、horse、elephant或camel,其前常有不定冠詞a/an。如:
The old man used to go out on a donkey.
那個老漢以前都是騎驢外出的。
He went there on a horse. 他騎馬去了那裡。
類似的片語還有:on an elephant騎象;on a camel騎駱駝。
二、 用動詞表示。
(1)「動詞 + to + 地點名詞」或「動詞 + 地點副詞」。 這種動詞主要是walk (步行),ride(騎車),drive(開車),fly(乘飛機),sail(乘船)等。如:
I usually walk to school. 我通常步行上學。
We sometimes ride to school. 我們有時騎車上學。
They drove to the station. 他們開車去了車站。
Jack flew there last Sunday. 傑克上星期乘飛機去那裡了。
(2) 「take a/the + 表示交通工具的名詞」,表示「乘/坐……」。如:
Will you take a bus to go there?你乘汽車去那兒嗎?
I took a taxi to the hospital. 我坐計程車到醫院去了。
類似的表達還有:take a ship(乘輪船),take a plane(乘飛機)等。
(3) 「ride a/an + bike,motorbike或表示交通工具的動物名詞,表示「騎……」。如:
I ride a bike to work every day. 我天天騎自行車上班。
He came here riding a horse /an elephant. 他騎馬/象來到了這里。
(4) 「ride on/in + a/an + 表示交通工具的名詞」,表示「乘/坐/騎……」。如:
The boy liked to ride on a motorbike.那男孩喜歡騎摩托車。
類似的表達還有:ride in/on a ship/train/plane/boat等。
【辨析】ride a bike著重動作;ride in/on a bike著重狀態。
(5) 「have/take a ride in/on + 表示交通工具的名詞」,表示「乘/坐/騎一下/次……」。如:
Would you like to have/take a ride in my new car ?
你要不要坐坐我的新車?
He let me have/take a ride on his camel.
他讓我騎了一下他的駱駝。
(6) 「go for a ride in/on + 表示交通工具的名詞」,表示「乘/坐/騎……去兜風」。如:
They went for a ride on their horses/bicycles.
他們騎馬/自行車去兜了一圈。
I went for a ride on my horse before breakfast.
早餐前我騎馬出去遛了遛。
鞏固練習:
I:用by,in,on,take填空。
1.—How do you go to school every day?
—____ bike.
2.They will go to the cinema ____ bus.
3.He went to the park ____ a car yesterday.
4.Helen will go there ____ the 12:00 bus.
5.Will you ____ the bus to Beijing tomorrow?
II:就劃線部分提問。
1.Mr Green goes to the post office by bike.(對劃線部分提問)
2.Ann is going shopping on foot.(對劃線部分提問)
(Keys:I: 1.By 2.by 3.in 4.on /by 5.Take
II: 1. How does Mr Green go to the post office?
2. How is Ann going shopping ? )
5.否定也「溫柔」:
「not all」是一個部分否定,可見否定也「溫柔」。例如:In North America,not all students take the bus to school. (在北美,並非所有的學生都乘車上學。)
英語中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表示方法:
一 )all 的否定式:not all…(或:all…not)表示"並非都……"、"不是所有的都……" 例如: Not all bamboo grows tall. 並非所有的竹子都會長很高。
二)both 的否定式:not…both (或:both… not) "並非兩個……都……" 例如:
I don't want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。
Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子並不都開著。
三) every…的否定式: "不是每……都……" 例如:
Not everyone likes this book. 並非人人都喜歡這本書。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花並不是隨處可見的。
四) always的否定式: "並非總是(並非一直)……" 例如:
He is not always so sad. 他並不是一直都這樣悲傷。
五) all the time 的否定式: "並非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如:
A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time.
笨人未必老是犯錯誤。
六) not…and…的否定式,被否定的往往是and後面的那一部分。 例如:
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。
She cannot sing and dance. 她會唱歌但不會跳舞。
如果將and 換成or,not 對其後面的兩部分就全盤否定了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他講的既不清楚也不正確。
【注意】 如要對上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等詞作完全否定,那就分別要用與之相對應的全否定詞,如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如:
All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here.
6.風雲「聚」義廳:
本單元重點句子釋義集錦:
1. How do you get to school? I walk to school.你是怎樣到校的?我步行。
翻譯:你們如何去上海?我乘飛機去,他坐火車去。
2. How about the white shirt? 這件白襯衫怎麼樣?
翻譯:去游泳怎麼樣?
3.I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.
我通常步行,但有時坐公共汽車。
翻譯:他總是騎自行車上學,但這次他乘地鐵上學了。
4.How long does it take you to get to school?
It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus.
你需要多長時間到校?步行大約10分鍾,乘汽車15分鍾。
翻譯:建造這座橋工人們將花費1年多的時間。
5. How far is it from his home to school? About 10 kilometers.
從他家到學校有多遠?大約10公里。
翻譯:從地球到月球有多遠?大約38萬公里遠。
6.Lin Fei』s home is about 10 kilometers from school.
林飛的家離學校大約10公里
翻譯:我們學校到東湖公園大約7公里。
7. He leaves for school at around six-thirty.
他大約在6點30分動身去學校。
翻譯:我們下星期去北京。
8. Then the early bus takes him to school.然後,他乘坐早班車到學校。
翻譯:請把書帶到學校來。
9.Thomas wants to know where Nina lives.托馬斯想要知道尼娜住在哪裡。
翻譯:我想知道她認為交通怎麼樣。
10. In Japan, most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes.
在日本,大部分學生乘坐火車上學,盡管其他人也步行或騎自行車。
翻譯:他雖然有病,仍堅持學習。________________________________________
11. A small number of students take the subway to school.
小部分學生乘坐地鐵上學
翻譯:我有許多信件要寫。
12.What do you think of the transportation in your town?
你對你們鎮的交通認為怎麼樣?
翻譯:你認為這本書怎麼樣?
13. She is dead but her memory still lives on.
她雖然死了,但人們仍然懷念她。
翻譯:羊靠青草維持生命。
(Keys:
1.How are you going to Shanghai? I am going by plane,he′s going by train.
2.How about going swimming?
3.He usually ride a bike to school, but this time he takes the subway.
4.It took the workers over one year to build the bridge.
5.How far is it from the earth to the moon? About 380,000 kilometers.
6.Our school is about 7 kilometers from Donghu Park.
7.We are leaving/(leaves )for Beijing next week.
8.Please bring the books to school.
9.I want to know what she think of /(how she likes)the transportation.
10. He kept studying although he was ill.
11.I have a number of/(many/a lot of/lots of) letters to write.
12.What do you think of this book?
13.Sheep live on the grass.)
語法聚焦:
How引起的特殊疑問句
How引起的特殊疑問句可用來詢問各種情況。例如:
(1) How are your parents?你父母好嗎? Very well, thank you. 很好,謝謝
(2) How do your spell the word? 這個詞怎麼拼?
(3) How do you like the film? 這電影你覺得怎麼樣?
=What do you think of…?(你認為……怎麼樣?)
(4) How do you usually go to school? 你通常怎麼上學?
I usually go by bike. 我通常騎自行車上學的。
(5)How is the weather today?=What is the weather like today?
今天天氣如何?
How構成的疑問句短語: how many多少(指可數的量) how much多少(不可數名詞,也可以問價格)how often(問頻率) how soon(問將來時間,多久)howl ong (問時間或物體長度) how far多遠 how old多大年 齡
㈡ 新目標八年級上冊英語第四單元語法總結
找每個單元的語法功能,不出意外的話就在那裡
㈢ 初二上冊英語1~4單元語法歸納詳細點,人教版的
是不是快要考試了,初中英語很簡單呀?
首先1-4單元的單詞一定要熟悉,課文也多讀讀就可以了,至於語法還不是來自於課本嗎,
所以不要歸納什麼的,平時老師也會有筆記呀
多看下
㈣ 人教版新目標初二英語上第四單元的語法要點
far+from depend+onmust+V原ill為表語形容詞近義詞sickso mucha number of相當於many 許多的意思a small number of一少部分a large number of 一大部分the number of ....的數量around the word=all over the word全世界重點語句1.can I help you?2.how far is it from here?3.how long does it take?4.thank you very much 5.you are welcome6.how do you get to school重點語法1.by+交通工具名詞2.by+交通路線位置3.in+交通工具名詞4.on+限定詞+交通工具名詞5.take a、the+交通工具名詞6.ride+限定詞+交通工具名詞7.fly+to表示乘飛機;飛往8.表示步行去某地可用go to+某地+on foot,也可用walk to+某地9.not all譯為不都相當於all..not...10.leave for意為動身去...11.leave..for...意為離開去...12.It takes +一段時間+to do sth以為做某事花費某人多長時間
㈤ 初二英語上冊第四單元語法、重點
1.If 引導的條件狀語從句,because 引導的原因狀語從句和because of 引導的原因狀語。
2. 條件狀語從句里,回要注意if後的句子多用答一般現在時,而主句多用將來時。
3because引導的原因狀語從句有時候侯可以和because of + 片語進行轉換。
如: He was late because It rained heavily.
換成He was late because of the heavy rain.
㈥ 新目標八年級上冊英語第四單元語法
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重點語法:詢問別人做某事的方式
用 How 引導特殊疑問句
其回答有內多種方式,其中一種結構是容 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的結構。
詢問兩地的距離用 how far 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的結構。
例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上學?)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地鐵去上學。)
OK?希望能幫到你啊!
㈦ 八年級上冊英語第四單元語法聚焦翻譯
articularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in alt
㈧ 人教版八年級上冊英語第一,二,三,四單元語法和片語重點
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
重點語法:頻率副詞
詢問別人做某事的頻繁程度
提問用 How often 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞。
例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看電視。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜歡的節目是什麼?)
B: It's Animal World.(是《動物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多長時間看一次這個節目?)
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重點語法:詢問別人如何感覺
了解人體器官和部位的英文名稱
了解一些常見病的英文名稱
告訴別人應該怎樣做和不應該怎樣做
例句:A: What's the matter?(怎麼了?)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感覺不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什麼時候開始的?)
B: About two days ago.(大約兩天前開始的。)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
重點語法:用現在進行時態表示一般將來時態
強調某個動作已經計劃好即將按照計劃去執行
例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林輝,放假准備干什麼呢?)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅遊一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(這聽起來很有趣。)
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重點語法:詢問別人做某事的方式
用 How 引導特殊疑問句
其回答有多種方式,其中一種結構是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的結構。
詢問兩地的距離用 how far 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的結構。
例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上學?)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地鐵去上學。)