① 語法梳理全部英語
《高中英語語法通霸》對英語知識的梳理很到位。網上能下載電子文檔。學英語就要下決心把英語學好,一點一點地學,還要反復復習。如果只為應付作業那就沒意義了,
有語言學家說過:「語言是語法化的詞彙。」也就是說,語言是按照語法規則組織起來的詞彙。一句話表達得是否正確,主要是看它是否符合語法規則;任何一個錯句,都能從語法上找到原因。因此,學好語法是學好一門語言的基礎。
在當前的英語教學中,上面倡導要淡化語法教學,要重視學生綜合應用能力的培養。實施這么多年來,老師們普遍感到學生准確應用英語的能力下降了很多,特別是「寫」的能力。大部分學生寫的英語作文「慘不忍睹」。這實際上是淡化語法教學所產生的嚴重後果。
學習母語不學語法只要「浸泡」得多就能學好,但在我國英語畢竟是一門外語,連第二語言都不是,只靠「浸泡」而不通過學習語法知識來幫助理清規律,至少對於相當多的學生是不適用的。一些沒有學好語法的學生去美國上學,他們整天「浸泡」在英語環境中,「聽」、「說」的能力提高了不少,但很多人「寫」的能力卻鮮有提高。
語法差的學生,總是感到自己的英語一塌糊塗。許多學生英語從「差」中逆轉過來,就是從學好語法開始的。只有學好了語法,才能寫出語法正確、句式靈活的句子來;只有學好了語法,才能讀懂文章中的長難句;只有學好了語法,才能快速提高自己的「聽」、「說」能力。語法是什麼?語法是幫助你解決「寫」、「讀」、「說」、「聽」中遇到的困難的知識的總稱,語法是指導你正確使用英語的精華知識。
但現在許多人都害怕英語語法。一方面是因為現在盛行的教學理論在作怪,學校教學過於淡化語法教學,過於強調語言的「習得」,導致學生的語法基礎較差。另一方面,是因為沒有合適的語法資料。教材上的語法講解,「千呼萬喚始出來,猶抱琵琶半遮面」,總是放不下架子,就是講一點,其深度比考試的難度要低得多,根本靠不住。書店裡的語法資料,一類是語法大家們編的,旨在解釋一些語法現象,本來就不是給高中學生看的,有些知識學生看了沒有用,有些知識學生根本看不懂。再一類就是一些名校編的資料,由於編寫有時間有限、稿酬是按編的頁數給的,這類資料大部分粗製濫造,總是先籠統地講解一下,再弄點題一湊就好了。結果是,考點沒講清,練習針對性又不強,學生前學後忘,印象不深。
本書由有二十多年教學經驗的一線教師所編,原是編者在平時教學備課中精細編寫的教學講義,經過多年修改完善,日臻系統、成熟。發到網上後,成為熱門資料,在熱心讀者的推薦下,獲得出版社的正式出版。在編排上,本書有以下特點:
一、針對性強。在編寫時,用的是「歸納」法。先下載近十幾年的高考真題,按考點逐題歸類,歸類時特別注意了學生學習過程中的難點和易混點。最後再在需要的地方加上必要的講解,因此重點、難點突出,詳略得當,針對性強。
二、選題經典。書中絕大部分練習題都是經過精挑細選的高考真題。在選擇練習題時,主要是從其典型性、思維容量和所含語言點是否豐富,寫作是否能用,裡面是否含有完形填空可能出的詞等多個方面考慮。因此也有相當多的題是保留了十幾年前的題而舍棄了近幾年的高考題。
三、題量科學。我們發現,針對每個考點的練習量如果過大的話,效果也不好。練習量少的話,譬如兩三個,我們就可以輕松自如地在腦中翻動、回味這些題,效果反而更好。因此,就忍痛刪去了許多來之不易的好題。
四、重視習題排序。有人說,像這樣把同類型的題編排在一起,學生容易猜到答案,而不去思考。於是我們就做了一個實驗,我們把不同類型的題混在一起,但再看時,發覺做後效果反而不好了,做後印象不深、規律在腦中不清晰。然後又把題按類型編排,同類型的題列在一起,再看一下,感覺真好!學知識同如向某個空間放東西一樣,有條理了就好放也好找,雜亂了就不好放,用時也不容易找到。科學家對大腦的研究也表明,信息在腦中存放、排列是有規律的。
五、考點目錄化。本書編了詳細的目錄,分為「章」、「講」和「考點」三個級別。老師想講解某個知識點或者學生想查看某個知識點的講解時,可以藉助目錄輕松找到。
六、練習題型多樣化,適用於多個題型的備考。本書每一節分為兩部分。「考點精講精練」先按考點進行簡明講解,然後以單選題的形式強化所學考點知識。「綜合技能提升」以單句改錯、語法填空、漢譯英三種形式對所學的重點語法知識再進一步鞏固。這部分的練習題,大部分來自高考真題,但又不拘泥於高考真題,可以從根本上來提高學生做短文改錯、語法填空、書面表達的能力。「長難句分析技巧」一章介紹的「七字秘訣」是破解長難句的鑰匙,有利於提高學生的閱讀能力。
本書的這種編排,適合全國各省考生的使用。學生一看就懂,一做就會,有效地解決了語法學習中費時低效的問題。老師利用這本資料,可以使語法課不再空洞乏味。學生利用這本書,可以使語法學習變得有趣高效,優生可以利用此書來鞏固自己的學科優勢,待優生可以利用此書來實現英語上的徹底逆轉。
本書使用方法:
與其看好多書,前看後忘,還不如反復把一本書看熟。因此,在心中要樹立「我要把這本書上所有的題都做熟」這個目標,要有「只要把這本書學好,我的語法就是最棒的」這種信念。本書的使用方法:認真做、反復看。
做:如果時間允許的話,可以從前到後按順序全做;如果時間不允許的話,可以挑自己不太懂的專題或重點專題有針對性地做。
查:在做別的資料上的練習遇到難題時,可以藉助本書前面的目錄方便地找到相應的考點,裡面有講解、有針對性的練習,從而有效地解決學生遇到的問題。
讀:還有同學花費大量時間來「讀」這本書,效果也非常好。「讀」並不是死記硬背,因為「讀」可以使「看題」的速度慢下來,從而可以使學生有更多的時間去思考、去理解掌握語法規律。本書所選習題大都語言點豐富,讀熟後對提高寫作能力和做完形能力的幫助也很大。
使用此書的注意事項:
速度要慢:要讀完每個選項,既要知道為什麼要選這個,也要知道為什麼不選那幾個。
標記難題:對做錯的題或一些好題,要做上標記,以便隨後復習。
及時復習:對標記過的題,還有用粉紅底紋標記出的概念及要點,都要及時復習,這樣才能提高學習效率;要反復復習,這樣才能確保學習效果。
要「有效」學習:一章完全學會弄熟後再學下一章,這樣才有成就感。學習最忌諱半生不熟,前學後忘。
② 初中英語語法名詞全解
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+ do
eg :I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣
6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with 同……一道,伴隨……
eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 遠離
28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於
31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自
eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句
39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料)
52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀
54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜
56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定
66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth 一定會做某事
eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣
73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他習慣努力工作
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進來
88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…… eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書
100 end up +doing
(這個網站還有)
參考資料:http://www.jxenglish.com/juniorenglish/juniorenglish/juniorenglish_385.html
③ 英語名詞語法問題
1、The ___ of the buildings were broken in the hurricane.
只有 (C) 是正確的。
有些以f結尾的外來詞的名詞其復數形式是不規則的。如:
chief — chiefs (首領)
chef — chefs(廚師長)
roof — roofs(屋頂)
但是也有一些外來詞有規則和不規則兩種形式。如:
scarf — scarves 或 scarfs (圍巾)
wharf — wharves 或 wharfs (碼頭)
hoof — hooves 或 hoofs (蹄子)
handkerchief — handkerchiefves 或 handkerchiefs(手帕)
staff — staffs或 staves(全體職員)
2、Our school is only a_____walk from my home.
本題應該選 D. ten minute』s
數詞和單位名詞構成的合成名詞作定語,數詞和單位名詞之間要有連字元,單位名詞只能用單數形式。如:a ten-minute walk
如果數詞和單位名詞分開書寫,單位名詞仍然用單數,但需要用名詞所有格形式。以s結尾復數名詞的所有格只需要把撇號(』)放在詞尾 s 後,但是不能用作定語。除了少數外來詞外,沒有有 s』s 這種形式,所以 C 項是錯誤的。
3. 表示年代是 the 1990『s還是1990s?
the 1990『s和 the 1990s兩種寫法都正確,都表示「上世紀90年代」。
④ 英語語法點歸納,詳細的,
從網路上截取下來的知識,希望對你有幫助。
名詞和主謂一致 I. 名詞的種類 專有名詞 普通名詞 國名地名人名,團體機構名稱 可數名詞 不可數名詞 個體名詞 集體名詞 抽象名詞 物質名詞 特別注意名詞類別的相互轉換 個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉換 例 句 意 義 名詞性質 ①She held some flowers in her hand. ②The trees are now in flower 花兒 個體名詞 開花 抽象名詞 ①Youth is beautiful. ②He is a youth of twenty 青春 抽象名詞 年輕人 個體名詞 ①They have achieved remarkable success in their work. ②—How about the Christmas evening party? —I should say it was a success. 成功 抽象名詞 成功的事 個體名詞 物質名詞與個體名詞的相互轉換 例 句 意 義 名詞性質 ①Iron is a kind of metal. ②Please lend me your iron. 鐵 物質名詞 熨斗 個體名詞 ①He broke a piece of glass. ②He broke a glass. 玻璃 物質名詞 玻璃杯 個體名詞 ①I bought a chicken this morning ②Please help yourself to some chicken 小雞 個體名詞 雞肉 物質名詞 抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉換 具有動作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動詞(如:have等)連 用,表示某一次短暫的動作 ①—I』d like______information about the management of your hotel,please. —Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a ②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 (抽象名詞) A.a B.an C./ D.the ③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 話(個體名詞) A.a B.an C./ D.the 類例:have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(進步)/make an early start(早點出發) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(發出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try 表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉換為普通名詞時可以用來表示 其中的一部分 ①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today. A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道實際情況) give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關於中國更為翔實的知識) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識) ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school. A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time ③ is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名詞轉換為普通名詞可用來表示「一次、一陣、一種」具體的行為、事件、現象或結 果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾 ①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ②She looked up when I shouted. A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 其它例子:The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise ③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual II. 名詞的數 規則名詞的復數形式:名詞的復數形式,一般在單數形式後面加-s或-es(參看有關語法書)。英語里有些名詞的復數形式是不規則的,請看下錶 規 則 例 詞 1 改變名詞中的母音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 單復數相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3 只有復數形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集體名詞總是用作復數 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集體名詞既可以作單數(整體)也可以作復數(成員) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 復數形式表示特別含義 customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟) 7 表示「某國人」 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 單復數同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 8 合成名詞 將主體名詞變為復數 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 無主體名詞時將最後一部分變為復數 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 將兩部分變為復數 women singers, men servants III. 主謂一致 規則 情 況 舉 例 語 法 一 致 原 則 以單數名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語,動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時,謂語動詞 用復數形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引導的主語從句,後面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的並列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。 what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you. 由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語後面,要用復數形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物 時,它後面的謂語就用單數形式。由and 連接的並列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數名詞和由some, any no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。. Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 後面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數。若它後面的名詞是復數,它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 在定語從句里,關系代詞that, who, which 等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在強調句型中應與被強調部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數形式; 如果它指的集體的成員,其謂語動詞用復數形式 The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.(他的家人) Class four is on the third floor.(四班) Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.(四班的學生) 由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構成的短語以及由分數或百分數+名詞構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 此外,還有a number of +復數名詞有類似的用法(用復數),但the number of +復數名詞的數就得依number 而定(用單數)。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument. 邏 輯 意 義 一 致 原 則 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代詞可以是單數,也可是復數, 主要靠意思來決定。 Which is your bag? Which are your bags? Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen? All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing. 表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的復數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式,這是由於作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如強調這類詞的復數意義,則謂語動詞要用復數形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day. 若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。 The United States is smaller than China. 「The Arabian Nights」 is an interesting story-book. 表數量的短語「one and a half」後面接復數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一些學科名詞是以-ics結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都屬於形式上是復數的名詞, 實際意義為單數名詞, 它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.這家造紙廠建於1990年。 I don』t think physics is easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等詞作主語時,謂語用復數,但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair of 等量詞修飾時(clothes被a suit of 修飾)謂語動詞用單數。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 「定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞」,表示某一類人動詞用復數;若表示某一類東西時,動詞用單數。 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 就 近 /遠 一 致 原 則 當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語保持一致,即就近一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? there be 句型中be 動詞的單復數取決於其後的主語。如果其後是由and 連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致,即就近一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 主語後面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語, 謂語動詞要跟主語一致,即就遠一致。 Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
⑤ 英語關於名詞語法
Hi!這里是我對你問題的回答:
你的第一個問題:
women是woman的復數形式。這屬於復合名詞,
兩個組成部分均為表示人的主體詞,
所以在變復數時,
兩部分都要由單數變成復數。記住:以man或woman為前綴的名詞變復數時,前後兩個名詞都變成復數。
你的第二個問題:Boy在作名詞時,譯作男孩。這里要涉及一些復合名詞的知識。記住:以兩個名詞構成的復合名詞(前面的名詞為man或woman除外),一般把後面的名詞變復數
來自網路知道。
參考資料:http://ke..com/link?url=-mVWKu8V-IAtrEun4uK#4
拓展:復合名詞,英語為compound
nouns,是指兩個名詞直接連在一起構成的復合詞,用法簡潔,可以被看作一種固定形式。有些中間帶連字元,有些沒有。
⑥ 語法梳理用英語怎麼說
梳理叫 comb
例句 :She is combing her dark tresses. 她正在梳理她那黑發。
⑦ 英語語法總結,所有的
一、非謂語動詞
「非謂語動詞」可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作謂語外,它可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復合賓語(主語補語或賓語補語)。有些及物動詞後面接不帶to的不定式作復合賓語。這些動詞歸納如下:一感(feel).二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing。還有「二讓」屬特殊:get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing。而有些及物動詞後面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語。這些動詞歸納為一句話:Papa C makes friends。這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜:「允許完成練習,建議避免冒險,考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想像,需要反對忍受」。其相對應的動詞依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can』t stand。
二、復合句
1、學生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區別。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)
關鍵的區別在於連接或關系代詞that:有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位。因為引導定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用。
2、接著容易混淆的是引導定語從句的關系代詞that與 which:that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(詞)、(形容詞)最高級:which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語。而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放於謂語或表語之後。
例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少數表語之後接動名詞作真正的主語。這些表語是:無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費時(a waste of time)、又危險(a danger)。
例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It還可以作形式賓語。通常下列動詞後面可接it作形式賓語:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make)。
例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用於強調句式。要強調句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當作先行詞。這種句子的結構是:It is(was)+ 被強調部分+that(who)+句子的其餘部分。
例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強調主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強調狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意與定語從句的區別。
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)
在強調句式里,我們把強調結構It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
四、倒裝結構
學生容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝。如何區分之,編個順口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動,讓步狀語倒表語;復合句式倒主句,不
倒裝的屬特殊。下面舉例說明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)
B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語,不倒裝)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語提前,全倒裝)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語從句,表語倒裝)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修飾狀語,主句倒裝)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語.不倒裝)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個主語,不倒裝)
五、虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣也是一個難點。所謂虛擬語氣是表示說話人的願望、假設、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實。它通過句子的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。現歸納如下:純假設,用虛擬,動詞時態退一級:條件句,分主從,主句謂語前加would (should,could,might);表願望,用虛擬,wish後面接賓語(從句):現在過去與將來,動詞時態退一級:提建議,用虛擬,賓語(從句)動詞用(should)do:倆建議,三要求,再加堅持與命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,後接叢句用虛擬:部分主語從句中, 謂語用虛擬結構 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do)。 下面舉例說明:
A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示願望虛擬)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語從句虛擬)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)
⑧ 初中英語語法歸納一、名詞的可數和不可數
各數名詞,有復數,不可數名詞沒有復數,只能用於單數的句子中,表示它的數量要加上相應的明基和間期of
名詞的復數變化規則分為規則變化和不規則變化