Ⅰ 初二英語下冊每單元語法講解和語法練習
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Ⅱ 人教版初二下學期所有英語語法和同義句轉換
初中英語片語總結
1 (see 、 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於 31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎麼樣
108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什麼怎麼樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名詞)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什麼而准備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上學(用於專業的)go to the school 去學校(不一定是上學) 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事
129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談
131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來
133 have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
135 have to do sth 必須做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用處
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼的看法
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能准時到達
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般時態)+條件語態從句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最後
150 in the north of… 什麼在什麼的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 )
151 in the sun 在太陽下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +(名 ) 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果,而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學
154 introce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introce oneself 自我介紹
155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎麼樣
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎麼樣
159 It's +adj for sb 對於某人來說怎麼樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎麼樣
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(對某人來說) 做某事怎麼樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎麼樣
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意
162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了
164 join = take part in 參加
165 just now 剛才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什麼保持什麼樣?
167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入
168 keep sb adj 讓……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名詞 表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke
172 learn by oneslfe 自學
173 learn from sb 向某人學習 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng
174 learn to do sth 學做某事
175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
176 Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應該讓我們的父母失望
177 live from :離某地遠
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看
180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you
183 make it early 把時間定的早一點
184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什麼成為什麼 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎麼樣 eg : You must made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎麼樣
188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫
189 make up be made up of (被動語態)由……組成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什麼
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (實義動詞) need do (情態動詞)
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no +名詞
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all
202 not…at all 一點都不
203 not…either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什麼東西給某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我給你提供水
207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談
210 on time 准時 in time 及時
211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天
212 one of +可數名詞的復數形式
213 one to another 一個到另一個
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin
215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作
216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢 ,付錢
217 please +do
218 please help yourself
219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing 練習做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學中,我更喜歡物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不願意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車,不開小車
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧願做…也不願
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車,也不去修舊車
prefer sb not to do sth 更願意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來
223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什麼 pretend that 從句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案
224 rather…than 寧可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我願肯當醫生,也不當老師
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗,不喜歡貓
225 regard…as 把……當作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候
I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不愛關心別人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什麼事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做飯
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什麼
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother
228 return sth to sb 還什麼東西給某人
229 say to oneself 對自己說
230 say to sb 對某人說
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少錢在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少時間做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎麼樣 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy
237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物
238 send…to…把什麼寄到哪裡去?
239 shock 使……震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什麼東西給某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.
243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 從……開始 begin…with… 從……開始
245 stay away from 遠離……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時,我們要遠離動物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥,你最好遠離甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 這樣 ,這種
251 suit sb 適合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇
253 take classes 上課
254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說 eg : I talk with him
③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談論關於……
257 talk with sb 和某人說話
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什麼 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什麼
263 tell…from…
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to…(地點) 到哪的269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school
He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school
270 transalte ……into…… 把什麼翻譯成什麼 eg : Trasalte English into chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅遊272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什麼,但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什麼,已經做過了
eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已經做過了
274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大
276 turn off 關上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著
278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
Ⅲ 初二英語下冊語法練習題
http://www.xxdoc.com/all--p0.htmlhttp://www.dxstudy.com/sort7/152_1.htm
Ⅳ 新目標英語八年級下冊英語測試報有重點語法和句型的卷子還用開心綜合練的卷子答案謝謝
還是靠自己吧。8年級英語隨便學學就會了
Ⅳ 八年級下冊英語語法 急求........
英語18種特殊的反意疑問句
介紹
1.祈使句。祈使句後一般加上will you或won't you構成反意疑問句,用will you 多表示「請求」,用won't you 多表示提醒對方注意。例如:
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好嗎?
Let引導的祈使句有兩種情況:
1)Let's...,後的反意疑問句用shall we或shan't we。例如:
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好嗎?
還可以用may I來表示徵求對方的同意或許可。
2)Let us/me...後的反意疑問句用will you或won't you。例如:
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 讓我試一試,行嗎?
2.感嘆句。感嘆句後加反意疑問句時,其反意疑問句需用be的一般現在時態的否定形式。例如:
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天氣啊,是吧?
3. 當陳述部分謂語動詞是need, dare, used to,且這些詞被用作實義動詞時,其反意疑問句需用do的適當形式。例如:
He needs help, doesn't he?他需要幫助,是嗎?
4.陳述部分主、謂語是I am...時,反意疑問句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如:
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是嗎?
5.陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, anything或something 時,反意疑問句的主語應用代詞it。例如:
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音機出毛病了,是吧?
6.陳述部分的主語是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 時, 其反意疑問句的主語需用復數代詞they。例如:
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是嗎?
No one knows about it, do they? 沒有人知道這件事,對嗎?
7.陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this或that時,反意疑問句的主語用it,當陳述部分的主語是指示代詞these或those時,其反意疑問句的主語用they。例如:
This is a plane, isn't it? 這是一架飛機,是嗎?
These are grapes,aren't they? 這些是葡萄,是嗎?
8.陳述部分的主語是不定代詞one時,反意疑問句的主語可以用one,也可用you(美式英語用he)。例如:
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每個人都應該樂於助人,是吧?
9.當陳述部分含有以下這些含有否定意義的詞時:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑問句需用肯定結構。例如:
He is never late for school, is he? 他上學從不遲到,是嗎?
10.當陳述部分所含的否定詞是通過加前綴或後綴構成的,其後的反意疑問句依然用否定結構。例如:
It is unfair, isn't it? 這不公平,是吧?
11.含有否定含義的詞在陳述部分作動詞的賓語時,其反意疑問句用肯定結構,也可以用否定結構。例如:
You got nothing from him, did you? 你從他那兒什麼也沒得到,是嗎?
12.當陳述部分主語是從句、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式時,反意疑問句的主語應該用it。例如:
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的東西更重要,是吧?
13.當陳述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 結構時,其反意疑問句須與從句的主、謂語保持一致,注意主句的主語必須是第一人稱。例如:
I don't think he will come, will he? 我認為他不會來,對嗎?
14.have(has)不是表示「有」的意思,並在句中做謂語時,其反意疑問句的助動詞要用do, does, did。例如:
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他們剛才開了個會,是嗎?
15.陳述部分有have to 時,其反意疑問句要用助動詞的否定形式。例如:
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要澆菜,對吧?
16.陳述部分是there be句型時,其反意疑問句中要用there。例如:
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 過去這兒有家醫院,是嗎?
17.陳述部分有had better時,反意疑問句中要用hadn't。例如:
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我們現在最好馬上去上學,好嗎?
18.當陳述部分含有情態動詞must時,我們便要分析一下must的含義。如果must 作「一定;要;必須」講,反意疑問句須用mustn't或needn't;而當must作推測意義「一定是;必定」講時,反意疑問句則需根據must後的動詞原形選用相應的形式。例如:
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必須努力學物理,是吧?
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 湯姆一定在家,是吧?
反意疑問句的回答
在回答的時候, 如果是前肯後否的句子,思維和中國人相同;如果是前否後肯的句子,思維正好同中國人相反:
He is a student, isn't he? (他是個學生,不是嗎?)
Yes, he is.(是的,他是學生)
No, he isn't.(不是,他不是學生)
He doesn't like playing football, does he?(他不喜歡踢球,是嗎?)
Yes, he does.(不是,他喜歡踢球)
No, he doesn't.(是的,他不喜歡踢球)
I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老師,是嗎?)
Yes, I am.(不是, 我是一名老師。)
No, I am not.(是的,我不是一名老師。)
對反意疑問句的回答,無論問題的提法如何,如果事實是肯定的,就用yes,事實是否定的,就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結構,反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時,回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成「不」,no要譯成「是」。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn』t he? 他喜歡踢足球,不是嗎?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn』t. ,是 他喜歡。/ 不 他不喜歡。
---His sister didn』t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會議,是嗎?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn』t. 不,她參加了。/ 是的,她沒參加
若be動詞後是never//few//little,後面的動詞仍用肯定形式
反意疑問句的幾點特殊情況
反意疑問句的構成有以下幾點特殊情況須注意:
1.當陳述句的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時,簡短問句中的主語通常用they。如果陳述句的主語是非人稱的復合詞,如everything, something, anything, 則簡短問句中相應的人稱代詞是單數的中性詞it。例如:
Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn』t they?
Nobody came, did they?
Everyone thinks they』re the center of the universe, don』t they?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
2.當陳述句是表示存在的句子時,簡短問句用there 作形式主語。例如:
There isn』t a book on the table, is there?
There』s something wrong, isn』t there?
There won』t be any trouble, will there?
3.如果陳述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定詞, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing,則簡短問句通常用肯定形式。但如果陳述句中僅包含有否定前綴,則簡短問句中用否定形式。例如:
He was unsuccessful, wasn』t he?
The rules are invariable, aren』t they?
He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?
He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?
Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
4.陳述句中是I am時,簡短問句則用aren』t I。例如:
I am an excellent English speaker, aren』t I?
I am late, aren』t I ?
5.陳述句中是非限定人稱代詞one時,正式文體中,簡短問句的主語為one,而非正式文體中用you。例如:
One must be honest, mustn』t one?
6.含有賓語從句的主從復合句的反意疑問句中,簡短問句一般反映主句中主、謂之間的關系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等時,則簡短問句反映的是that從句中主語與謂語之間的關系。例如:
They agreed that the United States shouldn』t make a war on Iraq, didn』t they?
I suppose (that) he is serious, isn』t he?
注意:否定詞移位的情況,如:
I don』t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
7.如果陳述句的謂語動詞是have (當 「擁有」講時), 簡短問句可用have形式或用do形式。例如:
You have a nice house, haven』t/don』t you?
但如果陳述句是否定形式時,簡短問句中動詞的選擇則由陳述句中的動詞形式而定。例如:
He hasn』t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn』t have a house of his own, does he?
如果陳述句中的動詞 have 表示「經歷,遭受,得到,吃」的意思時,則簡短問句中的動詞用 do的形式。例如:
You often have headaches, don』t you?
8.當陳述句的動詞是ought to時,英國英語中簡短問句用ought,而美國英語中則用should。
9.陳述句中的動詞是used to時,簡短問句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn』t / didn』t they?
He didn』t use/used to tell lies, did he?
10.陳述句中動詞為needn』t時,簡短問句通常用 need。例如:
You needn』t do it if you don』t want to, need you?
You needn』t have told him the news, need you?
11.陳述句中must後動詞的類屬和時態不同,反意疑問句也不同。例如:
The food must be good, isn』t it?
You must have read the book last month, didn't you?
You must see the doctor, needn』t you?(must表必要性,故用needn』t)
You mustn』t do that again, must you?(must表示「不可以」)
12.當陳述部分是一祈使句時,簡短問句則通常為 won』t you, would you, can you, can』t you, could you等,使語氣婉轉、客氣。如果陳述部分的祈使句中含有第
一人稱時,如Let』s do something, 則簡短問句為 shall we?例如:
Do sit down, won』t you?
Shut up, can you?
在否定的祈使句後, 只能用will you。例如:
Don』t forget, will you?
13.當遇到賓語從句時候.一般反主句.但是以 I think I believe. Isuppose ....開頭的反從句
Ⅵ 八年級下冊英語語法都是什麼啊
新目標英語八年級下復習資料
◆unit 1 Will people have robots?
知識點:
1. 形容詞,副詞的比較等級考查熱點透視:
a) 表示A與B在程度上相同時, 「as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。表示A不如B時,可用「not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。
b) 表示A比B在程度上「更…..」時,可用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+than」結構
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比較,其中一個在程度上「最…..」時,常用「the+形容詞或副詞的最高級」結構,後面可帶「of/in的短語」來說明比較的范圍。(注意:副詞的最高級在句中常省略「the」.)
d)
在形容詞或副詞的比較級前,可以用「a
little, even, far, much,still」的等詞語來修飾,以加強語氣。
e) 表示「越來越….」時,常用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構,但要注意,對於多音節和部分雙音節形容詞,副詞而言,若要表達此意時,要用「more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級「結構。
f)
在表示「其中最….之一「的含義時,常使用 「one
of+the+形容詞最高級形式+名詞復數」結構,其中的定冠詞the不可以省略。
g) 如果強調「兩者中比較…的(一個)」的意思時,可使用「the+形容詞比較級+其它」結構。
h) 表示「越….越….」, 可使用「the+形容詞或副詞的比較級,the+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構。
2 .一般將來時
a) 一般將來時的構成:由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構成,shall用於第一人稱。在口語中,will在名詞或代詞後常簡略為』ll, will not常簡略為won』t。這個時態的肯定,否定和疑問結構可表示如下:
肯定句否定句疑問句I (We)shall(will) go.You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?Will you (he, she, they) go?
用」be going to +動詞原形」也可表示將來時,表示將要發生的事,打算或決定要做的事。
b)一般將來時的用法:1)表示將要發生的動作或情況;2)不以人的意志為轉移,肯定要發生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.後天是國慶日。
3. in/after:in是指以現在時間為起點的「在一段時間以後」。也可以表示「在將來多少時間之內」,句子中的謂語動詞要用一般將來時態;after常指以過去時間為起點的「一段時間之後」,所以它與過去時態連用。當after指某個特定的未來時刻或日期之後,或指以將來某一時間為起點的若干時間之後時,它可以與將來時態連用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法區別:more為many, much的比較級,意為「更多」,可修飾可數與不可數名詞。Less是little的比較級,意為「更好,較少」,修飾不可數名詞。Fewer是few的比較級,意為「更少」,修飾可數名詞復數。
【注意】few, little表示否定「幾乎沒有」。a few, a little表示肯定「一點,幾個」。
5.would like sth意思為「想要某物「; would like todo意思為」想要做某事「。回答would like句型的一般疑問句時,其肯定回答為 「Yes, please.」;否定回答「No, thanks」或 「I』d like /love to, but….」
6. Such作形容詞,意思是「如此的」「這樣的」,修飾各種名詞。
Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣。
Such常和as搭配,表示一種類別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子。
Such常和表示結果的that從句搭配,表示「如此….以至於…」如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stayat home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用來引出一個結果狀語從句。由於such是形容詞,所以that從句前有一個受such修飾的名詞;而so 是副詞,用以修飾形容詞或副詞,因此that從句前一般不出現名詞。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers thatpeople in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many studentsfailed to pass it.
a) 如果名詞是可數名詞的單數形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞
so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞
b) 如果名詞是不可數名詞或名詞復數,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容詞+不可數名詞或復數名詞
c)
如果被修飾的不可數名詞被much,
little, 或復數名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時,用so,不用such.
d) 當little表示「年紀小的」時,可用such+little+名詞。
7.be able to 為「能,會」,表示能力,在這個意義上與can的意思相同,一般情況下兩者可以互換,但can只有現在式和過去式(could)而be able to則用於更多的時態,主要體現在be的變化。兩者在用法上有一些差異:can(could)表示主觀能力不表示意願,它的將來時用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意願強調克服困難做某事。
◆unit 2 What should I do?
知識點:
1..loud是形容詞,loud-louder-loudest意思是「響亮的」;作副詞時,常與talk, sing, laugh 等詞連用,如speak loud; loudly 「大聲地」帶有喧鬧的意味,常用來修飾shout, cry, call, knock等動詞,通常沒有比較級和最高級,作狀語;aloud 副詞,出聲地,大聲地,僅指發出聲音(以使能被聽得見)。
2.Enough為形容詞,意思是「足夠的」;enough +n.修飾名詞enough money; adj/adv+enough修飾形容詞或副詞;enoughto do 足夠做某事
3.present, gift禮物:gift帶有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂貴的「禮物」,強調送禮人的誠意,有時有「捐贈」之意,多用於正式場合;present指為表達情誼,敬意或出於禮節,在某特定時刻或場合贈送的「禮物」,此禮物價值不一定高。makesb a present of把…作為禮物送給
4.borrow, lend:
borrow「借入,借給」即說話人向他人借東西borrow
sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent「借出,借給」即說話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides強調「除了…之外還有…」在no one, nobody, nothing等詞後加介詞but也表示「除了」。
6.find out,find, look for: find out「找出,發現,查明」多指通過調查,詢問,打聽,研究之後搞清楚,弄明白或指找出較難找到的,無形的抽象的東西;find「找到,發現」通常指找到或發現有形的東西也可指偶然發現某物的某種情況,強調找的結果;look for「尋找」強調動作。
7.talk about談到,談論;talk of談到,說到;have a talk with與..談談,做報告;talk to sb對…談話;talk with sb與…交談;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示「和某人談話」,「講話」。talk to sb比較常用,側重一方談,一方聽;talk with sb側重雙方交談;talkabout sb則表示「談論某人」
8.miss 和lose:miss意思為「發現丟失」「覺得不在」;lose意思為「丟失」「失去」。在本質上,miss是一種主觀感覺,而lose是一種客觀結果。
9.be used todoing習慣於做某事;used to do過去常常,暗含與現在明顯的不同,只用於過去時;be used to do是use的被動語態,意思是….被用來做某事。
10.own 與 have: own強調的是擁有,佔有某物為自己的財產,但所佔有的東西目前不一定是由人使用,強調所有權;have為普通動詞,表示的所有關系。own+n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +賓語+賓補 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+從句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one』s own完全屬於某人自己的;on one』s own獨立地,自願地;with one』s own ears親耳
11. attend, join, take part in:
attend「出席,參加,上學」attend school 上學,attend
meeting出席會議;take part in 參加,是指參與某項活動
take an active part in積極參加;join 參加,當join用於加入某個團體或組織,成為其中的一員,後面直接跟名詞,當join表示參加某項活動時後面跟介詞in
.
◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFOarrived?
知識點:
1. 過去進行時
a) 過去進行時由「was/were+動詞ing形式」構成。以動詞work為列,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式以及簡略答語見下表:
肯定式:I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They were working.
否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑問式和簡略答語:Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, hewasn』t.
【注意】was not常簡略為wasn』t; were not常簡略為weren』t
b) 過去進行時的用法:過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用時間狀語來表示
2. not …until直到…才。表示動作在某時之前尚未開始,直到此時動作才開始。not…until可以用after或when來代替,但主句謂語動詞要用肯定形式。Until為連詞時後接時間狀語從句,until作介詞時,後面接表示時間的名詞。Until
用於肯定句多表示動作或狀態一直延續到until所表示的時間為止,意思為「直到…」
from..till…中till往往表示不太具體的時間。From
…to…或from…until常用來表示具體的時間。
3. find it…to do,it在此句中為形式賓語代表動詞不定式,動詞不定式為真正的賓語,常用於這種用法的動詞有find, feel, think, make等。
4. 「疑問詞+不定式「結構相當於一個名詞性從句,常常可用同等成分的從句代替。改寫時,只需在疑問詞後面加一個適當的主語(這個主語一般與主句的主語一致),並將不定式改成適當形式的謂語即可。如,Where to go is still a question.=Where we should go is still a question.
5. when 與while:when連接的狀語從句是個特殊句型,「前一個分句(謂語動詞用過去進行時)+when(作並列連詞,意思為「這時,突然」)+後一個分句(謂語動詞用一般過去時)」表示在前一個動作正在進行的過程中突然發生了後一個動作, when強調動作的突然性,when後面的動詞為非延續性動詞;while表示「在….過程中」,強調在一段時間內,所以while引導的從句中的謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞。在狀語從句中,若從句放在句首時,應用逗號與主句隔開。
6. 感嘆句的構成:What +a/an+形容詞+單數名詞+主語+謂語!What a good book it is!
What+形容詞+復數可數名詞+主語+謂語!What easy questions they are!
What+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語!What cold weather it is!
How+形容詞+主語+be動詞!How nice thewatch is!
How +副詞+主語+謂語!How hardthey are working!
8.take place, happen「發生」:take place指「發生事先計劃或預想到的事物」;happen指「一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預見地發生」。兩者都是不及物動詞或短語,後面不能跟賓語,也不能用於被動語態;happen的意義很廣泛,而take place 僅用於歷史上的事件,集會等,是先行布置而後發生或舉行的事件,它不用於地震等自然界的現象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happensto sb某人遭遇某事
9.不定代詞all, both,each,every與not連用時,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and連接兩個賓語,表語,定語,狀語時,只表示部分否定,並且否定 and後面的部分;如用or連接句中兩個部分,則表示全部否定。如,She isn』t a bright and beautiful girl.她並不是一個既聰明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn』t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一個既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)。
◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知識點:
1. 在稱述句中直接引語和間接引語的轉換:
a) 直接引語:說話人直接引用別人的原話。
b) 間接引語:說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉述出來。
c) 直接引語一般前後要加引號;間接引語不用引號。
d) 規則:1)人稱變化:從句中的第一人稱多改為第三人稱;第二人稱根據情況改為第一或第三人稱;第三人稱不變。2)時態變化:如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,直接引語變為間接引語時從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要做以下變化:
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時(客觀真理除外)
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,直接引語變為間接引語時,從句的動詞時態保持不變;直接引語如果是客觀真理變為間接引語時,時態保持不變。3)其他指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語和動詞等的變化。直接引語中的一些指示代詞,時間狀語和地點狀語須作相應的變化:
直接引語 間接引語
指示代詞 this這 these這些 that那 those那些
時間狀語 now現在 then那時
today
今天 that
day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this
week 這星期 that
week那個星期
yesterday
昨天 the
day before前一天
last
week 上星期 the
week before前一個星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next
week 下星期 the
next week 第二個星期
地點狀語 here 這里 there 那裡
動詞 come來 go 去
【注意】1)直接引語中的時間狀語根據實際情況轉述為間接引語時,有時不需要改變,如tomorrow。如果轉述的動作發生在當天,無需改變;如果轉述的動作不在當天,則需將tomorrow變為the next day.
2.habit,practice, custom: habit指「個人由於自然條件,社會環境,愛好或經常接觸而導致可以為常的行為或特性」;practice語氣比habit弱,指「個人或大家都習慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式。」;custom指「經過一段時期在某人,地區或社會中形成的傳統習慣或風俗。」
3.bring, take, carry: bring指「從別處把東西或人帶來」「拿來」,表示將人或物帶到或拿到說話者所在的位置的這個動作;take指「把東西帶走或拿走」,表示將人或物拿開或帶離說話者所在的位置的這個動作;carry指「隨身攜帶(不說明方向)有時含有「負擔」的意思。
4.Surprise用法:1)surprise作名詞,表示「驚奇,詫異」;2)surprise作幾物動詞(後接某人作賓語)表示「使…驚奇」;surprise的過去分詞作表語,表示「感到驚奇」;to one』s surprise表示「使…吃驚的是」;be surprised at sth/sb表示「對…感到驚奇」。
5.however 與 but:兩者均可作「但是,然而」,而且都引出並列分句。從語義上看,but所表示的是非常明顯的對比,轉折的意味較however要強;從語法上看,but是並列連詞,而however卻是連接副詞;從語序上看,but總是位於所引出的分句前,而however卻可位於句首,句中和句末,但是譯成漢語時一定要把它放在分句之首;從標點符號上看,but之後一般不使用逗號,而however則必須用逗號分開。However當連詞用時,「無論以何種方式,不管怎樣」,引導讓步狀語從句。
6.first, at first與first of all:1)first可以做副詞,意思是「首先,第一次,最初地」,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first還可以用作形容詞,意思是「第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的」,first作名詞,意思是「首要,第一,最初」2)at first的意思是「起初,當初」,指剛剛開始做某事的時候,暗示後來的情況有所改變3)first of all的意思是「第一,最初,首先」,同first的用法相同,但語氣上比first要強,常常用來加強語氣。
7.true, real: true意思為「真的」「真正的」,強調與實際相符,而不是杜撰的,它與real相對。與to連用,意思是「忠實的」,true用作名詞,與定冠詞the連用,表示「真實,真理」等;real無此意。Real是形容詞,強調客觀存在的「真實」「實在」,不是想像的。
8.above, on,over:三者都有「在…上」之意。1)on表示兩者上下緊貼在一起2)over表示一種直接的垂直概念,但沒有上下緊貼的意思,反義詞為under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,也無相互緊貼的意思,反義詞是below.
◆unit5 If you go to the party, you』ll havea great time.
知識點:
1. If引導的條件狀語從句:1)構成:if引導的條件狀語從句表示「如果…」。構成形式為「主句+一般將來時時態+if從句+一般現在時態」,或「If從句+一般現在時態,主句+一般將來時態」。2)用法:表示假設或條件
2. half 與half
of的用法:1)half
the class中的「half」為形容詞,意思「一半的,半個的」2)
「half of+代詞/the+名詞」中的half為名詞,意思為「一半,半個」。當該結構在句子作主語時,謂語動詞必須和該片語中的代詞或名詞保持數的一致。即當代詞或名詞為單數時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式;若所接名詞或代詞為復數,則謂語動詞用復數形式。
3.
all the time與always: all the
time是個副詞性的短語,意思為「一直」「始終」,表示某一特定階段開始一直到結束,不表示頻度,多置於句末。除此,all
the time還有「不斷」的意思;always為表示頻度的副詞,意思為「總是」,表示動作的反復,狀態的繼續,中間沒有間斷,其反義詞為never。它與進行時態連用時,常翻譯成「總是」,「老是」,帶有贊美,厭煩,不滿等感情色彩。
4.Enough的用法:1)enough
to do sth表示「足夠…可以做…」2)enough也可以用「for+賓語+to
do sth的結構」3)enough修飾名詞時前面不用冠詞4)當主語是代詞時,enough可以作表語。當主語是名詞時,enough不能做表語。
5.Choose的用法:1)choose+名詞意思為「選擇…」;2)choose+between/from從…中選擇;3)chooseto do選擇做某事
6.Exercise的用法:1)運動,鍛煉,是不可數名詞2)體操,練習,是可數名詞。3)動詞,使….運動
7.wear,
put on, have on, dress: wear「穿著」「戴著」,表示狀態,是延續性動詞,一般現在時表示經常狀態,現在進行時表示暫時狀態;put
on「穿上」「戴上」,表示動作,是非延續性動詞;have on「穿著」「戴著」,表示狀態可以與wear互換;dress「穿上」「穿著」,既表示狀態,也表示動作,既可以作及物動詞,也可以作不及物動詞。Dress作及物動詞,表示「給自己或別人穿(衣服)」,賓語是人,常用被動語態。dress
oneself給。。穿衣服。dress up化裝
8.a
lot, a lot of與lots of三者都有「許多,很多」的意思。a lot
of, lots of一般用於肯定句,後接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞;a lot作名詞時=alot of thins,作副詞,修飾動詞或形容詞,副詞比較級。
◆unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
知識點:
1.
現在完成時表示發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。通常表示短暫動作或位置轉移的動詞(非延續性動詞,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用;也可以表示過去開始,一直延續到現在的動作或狀態。也就上說,現在完成時雖與過去有關,但實際上強調的是對現在的影響或結果,句中謂語動詞通常是延續性動詞,且常與表示一段時間狀語連用(these days,all this year,
recently,for+時間段,since+時間點)
2.
通常與現在完成時連用的幾個副詞:already,recently,just,
ever,never,before,yet等。表示不確定時間的時間詞連用。Already,just多用於肯定句;yet,ever,never多用於疑問句或否定句。
3. 現在完成時的結構:主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞
4.
have
been to, have gone to:have been to「到過某地」說話時此人很可能不在那裡,已經回來,側重指經歷;have gone to「已經去了某地」,說話時此人在那裡,或可能在路上,反正不在說話現場。
5.
neither開頭的倒裝句:在英語中「Neither+助動詞/情態動詞/+主語」這個倒裝結構是一種否定形式,表示「兩者都不」。如,I can』t work out the problem.
Neither can Li Ming.
6.
be
from, come from:兩者都為「從…來,出自…」;表示「出身於…」,應用come from
【注意】問別人的出身或敘述自己的出身時,時態一定要用一般現在時,如果時態為一般過去時,則表示「從…地方來」。
7.Population的用法:1)population是個集合名詞,意思為「人口,人數」,常用來指人口的總稱。被看作一個整體時,一般不加-s,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數形式。如,The population of China isabout1,300,000,000.
2)如果指一個整體中有多少人數是干什麼的時候,謂語動詞要用復數形式,這時強調的是一部分人。如,Half of the population in that country are
farmers.3)表示「…的人口」時,既可用「the population of+地名」,也可用「the population in +地點」,作主語中心詞時謂語動詞用單數形式。如,The population in Shenyang is about 8
million.4)表示某國,某城市有多少人口時,用have/has a population of…結構。如,New Zealand has a population of 3,800,000.5)對人口數量提問用what或what large。用large或big表示人口多,用small表示人口少。
8.If的用法:if引導的條件狀語從句表示「如果…」。構成形式為「主句+一般將來時態+if從句+一般現在時態」,或「If從句+一般現在時態,主句+一般將來時態」;if還可以引導虛擬語氣,表示假設的情況或是發生的可能性不大的情況,從句用過去的某種時態。
9.Sleepy,sleeping:sleepy可作表語或定語,意思為「想睡的,困的」,可用very 修飾;sleeping所修飾的名詞可以是人也可以是物。
◆unit10 It』s a nice day, isn』t it?
知識點:
1.
反意疑問句:1)反意疑問句的含義:當對所陳述的某種情況不確定而反問對方時,常用反意疑問句來表達。2)反意疑問句的構成:陳述句+簡略疑問句→前部分肯定陳述句+後部分否定疑問句;前部分否定陳述句+後部分肯定疑問句。3)使用反意疑問句時的注意事項:a.前後兩部分要在人稱上保持一致。b.時態要保持一致(或動詞要保持一致)c.回答的一致性(特別注意中文翻譯)。注意:yes與no後面的回答部分要一致。4)使用反意疑問句時的特殊情況:a.在祈使句後進行附加疑問句時,用will
you表示請求。b.在Let』s後面,常用shall we,表示征詢意見。c.在Let us…後面進行附加疑問時,用will you,這一點屬於祈使句范圍。d 在英語口語中,I am 後面的附加疑問句部分常用aren』t I .e 由nothing作主語的句子,附加問句中人稱代詞用it.f.由nobody作主語的句子,附加問句中用they代替nobody.g.如果陳述句部分主語是everyone,someone,anyone,no one等不定代詞,其附加疑問句部分的主語可以用he,也可用they.h There be…後面的附加疑問句部分仍用there. i.s如果陳述句部分含有否定副詞never,few,little等詞時,則其附加疑問句部分用肯定形式。J.反意疑問句要求用yes或no來回答,當陳述句部分為否定形式時,回答要特別注意兩種語言的表達習慣的不同,注意根據實際情況前後保持一致。
2.
cost,
price:cost作名詞時表示「費用」,通常指服務費,學習費,生活費或房租費等,price通常指具體物品的價格。詢問價錢用how
much來提問。
3.
at
lest:至少,最少。其中least為little的最高級,little的比較級為less;無論如何
4.
Prepare的用法:1)prepare for為…做准備,相當於getready for2)prepare+名詞+for +名詞,意思為「為…准備…」.3)prepare+名詞+to do sth意思為「為…而做准備。」4)prepare to do准備做某事
Ⅶ 初二下學期英語語法
1 、賓語從句:
如果一個句子作為動詞或介詞的賓語,稱為賓語從句。
(1) 如果一個特殊疑問句作某個動詞或介詞的賓語,一定要用其陳述的語序。如: they often ask him where he is from.. 不能說成: they often ask him where is he from.
(2) 某些特殊疑問句作賓語可以簡寫成「特殊疑問句 +to do」 的形式。例如: i am thinking about what to say < what i should say.> 我正在考慮我該說點兒什麼。
練習:
一, 選擇題;
( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to tell b.tell c.telling d.told
( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in
( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly
b.for short c.easy d.easily
( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.
a.are b.is c.will d.were
( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day
c.womens day d.women day
二, 改錯題:
( ) 1.every here like english very much.
a b c d
( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.
a b c d
( )3.in england, you never cant put their family name first.
a b c d
( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.
a b c d
( )5.id like to buy something for mr wu in teachersday.
a b c d
三、 單項選擇:
( ) 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with
( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.making
( )3.in england , people never use the first name their family name.
a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after
( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.
a.new anything b,new something c.anything new d.something new
( )5.everyone is here. nobody is-----------
a.not away b,away c.not out d.go
( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for
( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?
a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks
( )8.come to my office after school, tom. lets a talk about your
lessons.
( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------
a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher
( )10.david william lewis is called when we meet him for
the first time.
a.dave b.david c.mr lewis d.mr willian
( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call
him-------
a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert
( )12. something about your family, ok?
a.say b.tell c.speak d.talk
( )13.you can call me bob, you should never call me mr bob.
a.but b.or c.and d./
( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.
a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with
( )15,im very glad the news.
a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening
( ) 16.what about to the great wall hotel ?
a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 語法 :
2. 一般將來時 : be going to 結構的用法 :
(1) 用 be going to+ 動詞原形表示 」 將要發生的事情或主觀上打算 , 計劃 , 決定要做的事 . 其後的時間狀語通常為表示短期或近期含義的短語或表示固定時間的從句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow evening, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等
(2) be going to 結構中 ,be 是助動詞 , 要按句中主語的人稱和數的變化而變化 . 其後要接動詞的原形 . 該句的否定式是在 be 後面加 not, 其疑問式將 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to help her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow evening. /are they going to have a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be
an english call tomorrow afternoon..
(3), 在英語中 , 表示位置轉移的動詞 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, leave, stay, 等 , 可用現在進行時表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事 , 不必用 be going to 結構 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一個人飛往南京 . are you driving home ? 你開車回家嗎 ?
練習:
單項選擇題:
( ) 1.what are you going to do friday evening ? a.in b.on c.at d.of
( )2.do you have to do every day ?
a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works
( )3.what about meat for supper ?
a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any
( )4. ann her hair this saturday .
a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash
( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.
a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so
( )6. these new shoes are for .
a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you
( )7. would you like boating ?
a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to
( )8. why not there by bus ?
a.to go b.goes c. go d .going
( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.
a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why
( )10.i s li ming good singing ?
a.at b.in c.on d. for
( )11.i have some books .
a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading
( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .
a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home
( )13. kate has good friends at school.
a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of
( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .
a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by
( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .
a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads
( )16. they are going to play football next friday.
a.on b./ c.in d.at
( )17. lets now .
a.going to the park b.to play games c.are singing d.have a rest
3 . 形容詞的比較級和最高級的用法:
(1) 表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級,常用於「比較級 +than 」結構。如:
this box is heavier than that one . 這個盒子比那個重。
he is much taller than i < am > ,< 口語一般用 me >. 他比我高很多。通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , even 等詞修飾比較級。還可以用「數詞 + 名詞」構成的名詞短語表示確定的度量,來修飾比較級。如:
i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的小弟弟大了十歲。
(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比較時用最高級,常用於「最 -----「.
最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞 the, 後面可帶 of<in> 短語來說明比較的范圍。如: the one with nuts is the nicest of all . 裡面夾果仁的月餅是所有月餅中最好吃的。 li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他們班英語學得最好。
此外,最高級還可以被序數詞所修飾。如:
the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黃河是中國第二大長河。
一, 根據句意填入適當的詞:
1,they are having tea the open air .
2,thank you very much your help.
3,would you like to come supper?
4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.
5,this is a book many colour picture
6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.
7,this bottle is empty .may i have a one ?
8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.
9, is the third season of a year.
二, 句子改寫:
ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 變為一般疑問句 )
—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?
2,jims box is the heaviest of all.( 變為否定句 )
jims box _____the heaviest of all.
3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 對劃線部分提問 )
_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?
4,li lei is thirteen. zhang hong is twelve.( 連成一句 )
li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.
5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同義句改寫 )
tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.
6,he watches tv every evning.( 用 this evening 替換 every evening)
he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this evening.
三, 用所給的詞的適當形式填空:
1,i have nothing_____(do) today.
2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?
3,what kind of _____(ck) are you feeding now?
4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.
5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?
6can you hear something_______(sing) in the next room?
7,stop_____(play). now lets have our lesson.
8what _____(grow)on this farm?
9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).
10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).
四, 根據句意填上一個最恰當的詞,使句子通順,語法正確:
1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.
3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?
5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at
home. 7,my little dog is hungry. i must _____it.
8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.
9,what are you going to do after you _____school?
10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五,句型轉換:
1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.
______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.
2,do you have time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?
3, lets have a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____have a rest.
4, which is the way to the station, please ?
______ _____the station, please?
5,i dont know. i have _____ ______.
6,the post office is not inside the station.
the post office is______the station.
7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.
8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm
work.
9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.
this pen is_____ ______in the shop.
五, 動詞的適當形式填空:
1. listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?
2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.
it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.
3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______
(do) it at home now .
4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______
(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?
6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?
4 .提建議的表達方法:
ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 動詞原形 )------ ?表示「我 / 我們 ----- 好嗎?」 例: shall we go to the zoo? 我們去動物園好嗎?
ⅱ、 lets do( 動詞原形 )------ 。表示「讓我們做 ----- 吧」
例: lets make it half past one. 讓我們定在一點半吧。
iii 、 why not do( 動詞原形 )------ 表示「為什麼不做 ----- 呢?」
例: why not give her some flowers? 為什麼不送給她一些花呢?
5 .怎樣「表示需要」、「詢問方向」和「指點方向」
i .表示需要: 1.he needs some help . 2.you need a number 16 bus.
3.which number do i need ?
ii. 怎樣「問路(詢問方向)」:
1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the post office?
2.excuse me. can(could) you tell me the way to the park?
3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?
4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?
5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?
6.excuse me.can(could) you tell me how i can get to the hospital?
7.excuse me,can(could) you tell me where the theatre is?
8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?
iii. 怎樣「指點道路」(指點方向):
1 、 its over there on the right /left.
2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.
3 、 walk along /do down this road.
4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the
first turning.
5、 ts about two hundred metres along on the left /right .
6、 ts about five kilometers away.
a) its about ten minutes 『 walk from here.
b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.
c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.
6. 序數詞的用法:表示事物的順序叫序數詞。序數詞往往與定冠詞 the 連用。
( 1 ), 1----3 ,沒有規律,要逐個記憶。
one first ; two second ; three third ;
(2). 4-----12. 有規律,其中 four, six , seven ,ten , eleven 是在基數詞的後面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是沒有規律,要逐個記憶。
(3). 13------20 有規律,是在基數詞的後面加上 th 就行。
( 4 )。第二十至第九十的整十的倍數都是在基數詞後將詞尾的 -y 改為 i, 再加 -eth 構成的。
( 5 ),十位以上的基數詞變成序數詞時,把個位數變成序數詞即可,十位數不變。第一百、第一千、第一百萬都是在基數詞的後面直接加上 -th 構成。
( 6 ),序數詞的縮寫形式是由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最後兩個字母構成。
附: 基數詞變為序數詞的口訣:
基變序,有規律,詞尾加上 th ;
一、二、三,特殊記,詞尾字母 t,d,d ;
八減 t , 九減 e, f 來把 ve 替;
單詞 ty 作結尾, ty 變成 tie;
若是碰到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。
練習題:
一.聽力: 20 分。 (四個類型)略。
二.筆試: 80 分。
《一》。 詞彙:
a. 根據句子的意思及首字母提示,用適當的詞填空:
1. w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.
3.there are many b______flowers in the park.
4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.
5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.
6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?
7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.
8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.
9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .
d) thank you all the s______.
e) do you n____any help , miss black?
f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.
g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .
h) jim often goes the w_____way .
i) i am very t______. shall i have a rest?
b. 按要求寫出下列各詞:
1. busy( 比較級 )______ 2.big( 最高級 )_______3.early( 比較級 )____4.nice( 最高級 )______5.beautiful( 比較級 )___________
6.good( 比較級 )______7.many( 最高級 )______8.slowly( 比較級 )_____9.five( 序數詞 )_____10.one( 序數詞 )_____11.two( 序數詞 )_______12.three( 序數詞 )______13.nine( 序數詞 )______
14. twelve( 序數詞 )_____15 .twenty( 序數詞 )_____16. swim( 現在分詞 )_____17. close( 形容詞 )_____18. friend( 形容詞 )______
19. wish( 復數 )______20. full( 反義詞 )_____21. before( 反義詞 )_____22. right( 同音詞 )_____23. alse( 同義詞 )______24. free( 反義詞 )_____25. strong( 比較級 )______26.foot( 復數 )______27. run( 名詞 )_____28. zoo( 復數 )_____29. play( 名詞 )______30. quick( 副詞 )______
c. 根據漢語提示,用單詞的適當形式填空:
1. lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.
2. this turkey ________( 嘗起來 )fine.
2. miss li is __________( 講 )children a story.
3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.
4. he jumps_______( 最高 )at the sports meeting.
二.選擇填空: 20 分。略。
三.改寫句子:根據要求完成下列各句:
1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改寫 )
he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.
2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 變為同義句 )
he is______ _______in his class.
3. you had better go there on foot .( 改為否定句 )
you had ______ ______go there on foot.
4. they are going to leave on monday.( 劃線部分提問 )
_______ _______they going to leave?
5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改為否定疑問句 )
_______you usually______to school by bike?
四.口語運用:從 b 欄中找出能與 a 欄配對的答語:
a b
( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.
( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.
( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .
( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.
( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.
( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.
( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.
( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.
( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.
( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.
五.動詞填空:用所給的動詞的適當形式填空:
1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?
2.everyone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.
3.i have much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .
5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).
6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?
六.補全對話:
a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?
b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that policeman_______there.
a; thank you ______the_____.
b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?
c;sorry ,there isnt.
a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?
c: its_______seven kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.
a: which bus shall i take ,please ?
c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .
a; where is the bus stop ,please ?
c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .
a; thank you very much.
c: not at all.
七.看圖完成對話:
kate: excuse me! _____can i
____ _____the nearest market ,please?
jill:_____ ______this street, and
______the third______on the ____.
then take the second turning on the _______.
its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.
kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .
jill:its my pleasure.
八. 書面表達:
根據要求寫一段對話:(看圖寫,不少與 50 個詞)
henry is going to buy a dictionary.
he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .
so he asks sam to go with him .
but sam says he is busy. he shows henry
on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.
Ⅷ 2014人教版新目標八年級下冊英語語法匯總
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。
be going to do
(動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:
It is going to rain.
will do
結構表示將來的用法:
1.
表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2.
表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(
1
)
will+
主語
+do
„
? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(
2
)
there be
結構的一般疑問句:
Will there + be
„
?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成:
will + not
(
won』t
)
+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+
will
+主語+„?
What will Sarah do next Sunday?
★★練一練★★
根據例句,用
will
改寫下列各句
例:
I don』t feel well today.
(
be better tomorrow
)
I』ll be better tomorrow
.
1. Gina has six classes today.
(
have a lot of homework tonight
)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now.
(
sleep later
)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car.
(
buy one soon
)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now.
(
leave a little later
)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today.
(
be better tomorrow
)
_____________________________
答案:
1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.