❶ 初二英語下冊語法重點
下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一．定義
語態是動詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者，或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態；如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時，常用被動語態，這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執行者，用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因，或是說為了更好地安排句子。如：
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了，若用它作主語，主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)
8種常用時態的被動語態
由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時：am/is/are +過去分詞。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時：am/is/are being +過去分詞。如：
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時：was/were/being +過去分詞。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時：will be +過去分詞。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時：would be +過去分詞。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時：have/has been +過去分詞。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時：had been +過去分詞。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時，發現票已賣完了。
❷ go for it（新目標英語）八年級下要學什麼時態和重要語法知識點
有情態動詞，一般將來時，現在完成時，過去進行時
，附加疑問句，直接引語和間接引語，狀語從句等
❸ 初二下冊英語必知的語法有哪些
您好, 初二下冊英語必知的語法有
八年級下冊語法和短語
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態：(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?
重點短語：won't = will not
they'll = they will
she'll = she will
he'll = he will
I'll = I will
fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上（某人/某物）
be able to do sth. 能夠做某事
come true 實現
in the future 未來
hundreds of 數以百計的
thousands of 數以千計的
look for(sb./sth.) 尋找（某人/某物）
will → would 情態動詞 will 的原形和過去式
may → might 情態動詞 may 的原形和過去式
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片，預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
do/does 的過去將來時態形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態：(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?
重點短語：keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了？
out of style 不時髦的；過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處（好）
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種；許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be （情態動詞 + 動詞原形）可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下，一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態：(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 後加瞬間動詞，while 後加延續性動詞。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
感嘆句
結構：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!
重點短語：get out 出去；離開
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 進來
hear about = hear of 聽說
take place 發生
as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現在時態，賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態，賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重點短語：direct speech 直接引語
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（該事未做）
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事（該事已做）
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……（加形容詞）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞，你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態，狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點短語：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了？
in order to do sth. 為了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。）
make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容詞）
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（時間/錢）用於做某事
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事（強調整個過程）
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事（強調偶然性）
say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態：have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合：
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後，我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
重點短語：run out of 用完；用盡
by the way 順便說說
be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠處
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人
in fact 實際上
room 房間（用於可數名詞）；空間（用於不可數名詞）
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重點短語：not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候，我們需要尋找「主題語句」，也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」，或者每個文段的全部意思，來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後，該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送；分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時，常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題，達到總結的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態：(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後，把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話，那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的，則必須用 no 回答。
例句：你還沒有準備好，對吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准備好了。
Yes, I am.
重點短語：look through 瀏覽
come along 出現；發生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級
英語翻譯123團隊幫您
學習快樂.
及時採納.
❹ 總結初二下英語時態
英語的時態（tense）是一種動詞形式，不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。
是表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態結構的時候，指的是相應時態下的動詞形式。
英語時態分為16種：一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時
下面就英語中常見的八種基本時態進行闡述，其它的時態都是在這八種時態的基礎上結合而成的。
一、 一般現在時：
1.概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般過去時：
1.概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構：be動詞；行為動詞 的過去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時：
1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時：
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時：
1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時：
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句：had放於句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般將來時：
1.概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：be放於句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時：
1.概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.將來完成時：
1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語：by the time of;by the end of+時間短語（將來）;by the time+從句（將來）
3.基本結構：be going to/will/shall + have done
十.現在完成進行時:
1.概念：在過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直持續到說話為止
2.基本結構：have/has +been+doing
幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：
十一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中，延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中；②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中，表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來，媽媽！」請看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六種時態
一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，一般過去將來時；
現在進行時，過去進行時，將來進行時，過去將來進行時；
現在完成時，過去完成時，將來完成時，過去將來完成時；
現在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來完成進行時，過去將來完成進行時．
❺ 八年級下冊英語復習資料（語法和重點短語，少點）
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態：(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?
重點短語：Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片，預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
do/does 的過去將來時態形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態：(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?
重點短語：keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了？
out of style 不時髦的；過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處（好）
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種；許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be （情態動詞 + 動詞原形）可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下，一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態：(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 後加瞬間動詞，while 後加延續性動詞。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
感嘆句
結構：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!
重點短語：get out 出去；離開
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 進來
hear about = hear of 聽說
take place 發生
as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現在時態，賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態，賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重點短語：direct speech 直接引語
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（該事未做）
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事（該事已做）
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……（加形容詞）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞，你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態，狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點短語：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了？
in order to do sth. 為了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。）
make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容詞）
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（時間/錢）用於做某事
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事（強調整個過程）
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事（強調偶然性）
say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態：have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合：
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後，我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
重點短語：run out of 用完；用盡
by the way 順便說說
be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠處
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人
in fact 實際上
room 房間（用於可數名詞）；空間（用於不可數名詞）
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重點短語：not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候，我們需要尋找「主題語句」，也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall
meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」，或者每個文段的全部意思，來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後，該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送；分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時，常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題，達到總結的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態：(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後，把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話，那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的，則必須用 no
回答。
例句：你還沒有準備好，對吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准備好了。
Yes, I am.
重點短語：look through 瀏覽
come along 出現；發生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級
❻ 八年級下冊英語重點語法和短語
英語八年級下冊重點語法和短語
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法(Grammar Focus)：1. The Simple Future tense
一般將來時的三種基本結構：
⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years? 一般將來時的時間狀語：in + 時間，in the future，next + 時間，與tomorrow 相關的時間，this + 時間，from now on，right now，some day…
2.形容詞、副詞的比較級用法
重點短語：
1. won't = will not (would) 2. 愛上（某人/某物） fall in love with(sb./sth.) 3. 能夠做某事 be able to do sth.(區別於can) 4. (夢想等)實現，成為現實 come true 5. 在未來 in the future（區別in future） 6. 數以百計的hundreds of; thousands of 數以千計
7. look for(sb./sth.) 尋找（某人/某物） 8.. 免費的 be free
9. study at home on computers 在家用電腦學習 10. live to be 200 years old 活到200歲
11. in 100 years 100年以後(in+時間段，用將來時) after 100 years(用於過去時)
100 years from now 一段時間 + from now （從現在起）…之後
12. 做預測 make predictions 13 有更少的空閑時間 h ave less free time
14. fly…to乘坐飛往…fly a rocket to the moon… 15. 放風箏fly a kite
16. 預測未來predict the future 17. (U.) 更少的空氣污染less air pollution
18. (制服/套裝) wear a uniform/ suit 19. 一場工作面試a job interview
20.更加擁擠 more crowded 21. 住在一幢公寓樓里live in an apartment
22.在太空站on a space station 23. 問題的答案the answer to the question
24.單獨居住live alone（區別於lonely） 25. 養一隻寵物鸚鵡keep a pet parrot
26.去溜冰 go skating 27. 作為一名記者 as a reporter
28. 穿得更隨意些dress more casually 29. see sb. do sth. 看見sb做了或經常做sth
30. (過去或將來)某一天one day 31. 贏得一個獎項 win awards/an award
32. 為自己工作 work for myself 33. may—might
34. one of the biggest movie companies 35. 被某人使用(被動語態) be used by sb:
36. 在太空in space: 37. 去上大學//在大學go to college in college
38. 今後 from now on = in the future 39. 在一周的工作日內ring the week=on weekdays
❼ 八年級英語幾個時態的語法要點。
重點語法掃描1. 一般將來時 表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。例如：He will come to see you next month.他下個月將會來看你。Will people use money in five hundred years?500年後人們用錢嗎？2. 委婉建議用should should作為情態動詞，可用於各種人稱，意為「應該」，用於表示勸告、建議等，其否定形式為shouldn』t。例如：You should write a letter to your mother.你應該給你媽媽寫封信。He shouldn』t drink and drive.他不應該酒後駕車。3. 過去進行時 表示在過去某個時間正在進行的動作或過去某一階段一直進行的動作。例如：—What were you doing when your mother came in? 你媽媽進來時你正在干什麼？—I was playing computer games. 我正在玩電腦游戲。4. 直接引語與間接引語 直接引語指直接引述別人的原話，而間接引語則指用自己的話轉述別人的話。直接引語變間接引語時，要注意在人稱和時態上作適當的調整。例如：He said, 「I will fly to Paris tomorrow.」→ He said that he would fly to Paris tomorrow / the next day.
❽ 八年級下冊英語的語法要點
八年級下 Unit1
1. 免費 be free
3. 活到200歲 live to be 200 years old
5. 更少的污染 less pollution
7. 更少地使用地鐵 use the subway less
9. 更多的高樓 more tall buildings
11. 十年後 in ten years
13. 住的地方 places to live
15. 住在太空站 live on the space station
17. 住在公寓 live in an apartment
19. 一個人住 live alone/by oneself
21. 去滑冰 go skating
23. 看起來很時髦 look smart
25. 穿著隨意 dress casually
27. 實現 come true
29. 在未來 in the future
八年級下 Unit 2
argued with sb. 與某人生氣
have an argument with sb.與某人生氣
out of style 不時髦的
in style 時髦的
keep out 不讓……進入
call sb. up 打電話給……
on the phone 用電話交談
pay for 付款
part-time job 兼職工作
Teen Talk 青少年論壇
the same as 與…同樣的
get on 相處
as much as possible 盡可能多
all kinds of 各種
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out 找出
is popular at school 在學校受歡迎
except me 除了我
have a quick supper 去吃快餐
not……until 直到……才
try to do 試著去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to do
comparing…with 把…與…做比較
think for 為…著想
find it +adj.+to do sth.發現做某事很怎樣
learn to do 學會做某事
八年級下 Unit 3
barber shop 理發店
get out 出去
take off 起飛
train station 火車站
come in 進來
Beijing International Airport北京國際機場
hear about 聽說
take place 發生
World Trade Center世界貿易中心
as…as 和…一樣
in front of 在…的前面
clean my room打掃我的房間
sleep late 睡懶覺
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner 做晚飯
eat lunch 吃中午飯
cut hair 剪頭發
have…experience有…經歷
in the morning 在早晨
walk down 走下來
very surprised 非常驚奇
souvenir shop 紀念品商店
TV station 電視台
in the museum 在博物館
climb a tree 爬樹
jump down 跳下
take a photo 照相
called the police報警
rode his bicycle 騎自行車
buy a newspaper買一份報紙
run away 逃跑
think about 考慮…做某事
for example 舉例子
heard about 聽說
having fun 玩的高興
in silence 在…
told us 告訴我們
in space 在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to 挨著
1. arrive at/in
2. a TV reporter
3. in front of
4. in the front of
5. get out of
6. sleep late
7. in(at) the library
8. the Museum of Flight
9. buy a souvenir
10. call the police
11. call the TV station
12. call the newspaper
13. take off
14. an unusual experience
15. jump down from
16. take photos of
17. too scared
18. walk to school
19. in the tree
20. on the tree
21. police officer
22. at the doctor』s
23. go shopping( do some shopping)
24. a barber shop
25. on/in the playground
26. ten minutes ago
27. in silence
28. keep silent/quiet
29. take place
30. become a national hero
31. become/be famous for
32. become/be famous as
33. all over the world (in the world)
34. in turn
35. have fun (enjoy oneself)
36. on the moon
37. be murdered
38. be destroyed
39. on this day
40. hear about/of
41. be born
42. cut hair ( have one』s cut)
八年級下 Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高興
let in ` ```進來
stay at home 呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..幫助某人做某事
take away 拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party 在晚會上
go to college 去大學
be\become famous變的有名
Travel around the world環游世界
make money 掙錢
work hard 努力工作
A professional soccer player
一名職業足球運動員
seem like 看起來像
Make a living 謀生
all over the world世界各地
give money to 捐錢
All the time 一直
for a living 為``````謀生
get injured 受傷
in fact 事實上
Be able to 能夠
be going to
spend time 消磨時間
too much 太多
laugh at 笑話某人
go back
In order 為了``````
八年級下 Unit 9
be late for 遲到
look like 看起來象
in order 按順序
by noon 到中午為止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 瀏覽
waiting inline 排隊
really low 降低
tell sb. about yourself告訴某人有關你的事
a ball game fan 球迷
be friendly to sb.對某人友好
feel like 感覺像
a friend like you 像你一樣的朋友
get along 相處
thanks for 因……而感謝
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me 和我一起去
think of 想起
leave early 早早離開
at least 至少
be careful 小心
八年紀 下冊 Unit 10
most of 大多數
make sb. Laugh讓某人笑
like to do 喜歡做某事
like doing
both like 都喜歡
the same like 和``````一樣
for me 對我來說
get the job 上班
enjoy doing sth
❾ 初二下學期的英語語法重點和時態重點拜託各位了 3Q
新課標8年級下英語語法重點 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重點語法：一般將來時態的應用 Unit 2 What should I do? 重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法） Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重點語法：過去進行時態 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 重點語法：賓語從句 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time! 重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重點語法：現在完成進行時態 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事 Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf? 重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重點語法：現在完成時態 Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重點語法：反意疑問句