Ⅰ 高中英語語法有哪些
高中英語語法主要有：最重要的三大語法（定語從句、名詞性從句、非謂語動詞）、強調句、虛擬語氣、對情態動詞用法的補充、倒裝句、省略句、it的用法.
夾雜著對初中語法的復習：狀語從句、各種詞性、各種時態（一般現在、過去、將來時；現在、過去、將來進行時；現在、過去、感嘆句、5種基本句式.
Ⅱ 高中英語語法知識
非謂語動詞
在英語中，動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞（包括現在分詞和過去分詞）可以出現在句子中除謂語以外的任何一個位置上，充當句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等成分，這些動詞形式稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞主要的句法功能一覽表：
非謂語動詞 功能
主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 補語
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
動名詞 √ √ √ √
分詞 √ √ √ √
Ⅰ). 作主語----doing/ to do：
⒈ 沒有多大區別。動詞原形不能在句中作主語
To see is to believe 百聞不如一見。=Seeing is believing.
⒉ doing抽象籠統的一般行為
to do具體的特別是將來的動作
Smoking is bad for health. 吸煙對人身體有害。 （籠統地談吸煙問題）
To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在兩天之內完成這項工作是不可能的。（具體地談這項工作）
⒊ it用形式主語於句首常用不定式置於句尾
* It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do
* It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth.
It is impossible to finish the job in two days.
It is no good/ use having a car if you can』t drive.如果你不會開車，有車也沒用。
It is a waste of time watching TV. 看電視是浪費時間。
⒋ There is no…句型中，常用doing作主語。
There is no saying what will happen. 無法估計將會發生什麼事。
There is no use making an excuse for this.為這事編造借口沒用。
Ⅱ). 作賓語-------doing/ to do：
⒈ 有些及物動詞後面只能接doing作賓語，不能接不定式，常見的有：
void 避免/ miss錯過/ postpone 推遲/ suggest 建議/ finish 完成/ practise練習/ enjoy 喜歡/ imagine 想像/ can』t help禁不住/ admit 承認/ deny 否認/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脫/ risk 冒險/ forgive 原諒/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,贊賞/ consider 認為/ delay 耽誤/ detest 討厭/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要
I』m sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai.很遺憾，我在上海時沒看到你。
He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建議在班會上討論這個問題。
Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗戶關上嗎？
Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承認打破了窗戶了？
He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免給我們一個肯定的回答。
I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢讓這個男孩冒險爬那棵樹。
I couldn』t help crying when I heard the news.聽到這個消息我不禁哭起來。
⒉有些動詞後面只能跟to do作賓語，不能接動名詞，如：wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail
I don』t wish to be disturbed in my work.我不願在工作中被打攪。
We managed to get there in time.我們設法及時到了那裡。
He pretended to be reading a book.他假裝在讀書。
They promised to get up early.他們答應早起床。
He refused to do that job.他拒絕做那工作。
⒊ 有些動詞後面既可以接動名詞，也可以接不定式作賓語，其意義基本一樣，如： begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can』t stand, 但like, love 和would 或should 連用時，接不定式作賓語。
例 句 解 析
1. It began to rain. It began raining.
2. It was beginning to snow.
3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.
4. I like listening to music, but today I don』t like to.
5. I don』 t prefer to swim in the river now.
1. 意思無差別，但謂語動詞用進行時，後面只跟不定式。
2. 表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動，多接不定式。
⒋有些動詞後面既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語，但意義不同。如：
⑴mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味著…
I didn』t mean to hurt you.我沒打算傷害你。
Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.誤了車就意味著等一個小時。
⑵stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下來問路。
They stopped talking.他們停止了談話。
⑶go on to do sth. （做完一件事之後）接著做（另一件事）go on doing sth.繼續做某事
After learning history, we went on to learn geography.學完歷史之後，我們接著學地理。
You shouldn』t go on living this way.你不應當繼續過這樣的生活了。
⑷try to do sth. 試圖做某事try doing sth.試試做某事（往往表示某種方法或方式）
Let』s try knocking at the back door.咱們敲敲後邊的門試試。
We tried to solve the problem.我們努力想解決這個問題。
⑸forget, regret, remember後接to do表示尚未發生的動作，接doing表示已經發生動作。
I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了給他寫信。（ 以前沒寫信）
I forgot writing him a letter.我忘了以前曾寫信給他。 （曾寫過信）
I remember seeing you before. 我記得以前見過你。（ 曾見過）
Please remember to write to me.請記住要給我寫信。 （目前還沒寫）
I regretted speaking to them about it.我後悔跟他們講過那件事。 （以前講過）
I regret to tell you that you didn』t pass the exam.我遺憾地告訴你，你考試沒及格。 （以前沒告訴過你）
⑹be used to do sth. 被用來做…be used to doing sth. 習慣於做…
We are used to going to bed early.我們習慣於早睡。
Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用來造紙。
⑺can』t help（to）do sth. 不能幫助做某事can』t help doing sth. 不禁…
We can』t help to solve the problem.我們不能幫助解決這個問題。
On hearing the news, we couldn』t help laughing. 一聽到這個消息，我們忍不住大笑起來。
⑻allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb to do
We don』t allow smoking here.我們這里不允許吸煙。
We don』t allow them to smoke.我們不允許他們吸煙。
He advised having a rest.他建議休息。
He advised me to have a rest.他建議我休息。
I considered going to Canada.我考慮去加拿大。
I consider him to be honest.我認為他誠實。
⑼need, require, want + to be done/ doing 「需要（被作某種處置）」
The bridge needs/ requires/ wants repairing.
=The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 這個橋梁需要修一修了。
⒌介詞（除but以外）後面的動詞賓語一律用doing形式。
They are interested in singing.
他們愛好唱歌。（ 動名詞singing作介詞in的賓語）
* but 與no, not any, all 等詞連用時為介詞，但其後面的動詞用to do，
如果but前面有實義動詞do 的任何形式，則but 後面用動詞原形do
He did nothing but cry.
他什麼也沒做，只是哭。（but 前面有實義動詞did, 所以but後面要接動詞原形）
I had no choice but to cry.
我別無辦法，只好哭。（but前面沒有實義動詞do,所以but後面要跟不定式形式）
⒍ 「wh- + to do，這一結構可轉換成該疑問詞引導的從句。
It hasn』t been decided where to go. 還沒決定到哪裡去。（主語）
I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉價買水果的地方。（賓語）
The question is what to write about.問題是應寫什麼。（表語）
Ⅲ. 作表語---doing/ to do/ done：
⒈ doing比較抽象籠統的一般行為
to do具體某次動作，特別是將來動作
有時兩者都可以用，在意思上沒多大區別。
My job is typing letters and papers.
我的工作就是打信件和文件。（打信件和文件是我日常的工作）
The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him.
下一步將是討論他提出的問題。
⒉ 主表一致
當主語是doing形式時，表語一般也用doing，如主語是to do，表語一般也用to do
Saving is having. =To save is to have. 節約即是收入。
（不能說Saving is to have.或To save is having.）
Teaching is learning.=To teach is to learn. 教書是學習。
(不能說Teaching is to learn.或To teach is learning.)
⒊ doing作表語多表示主語所具有的特徵，有時可譯為「令人…的」；
done作表語多表示主語所處的狀態，有時可譯為「感到…的」。
interesting 令人有興趣的，有趣的 interested 感興趣的
tiring 令人疲勞的 tired 感到疲倦的
moving 令人感動的 moved 受到感動的
exciting 令人激動的 excited 感到激動的
puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 感到迷惑的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的
She felt a bit disappointed. 她感到有點失望。
The result is disappointing. 結果令人失望。
The news is exciting. 消息令人興奮。
I was excited at the news. 聽到這個消息我很興奮。
**⒋ 過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別：(be + p.p)
被動語態表示一個動作，過去分詞作表語表示主語的特點或所處的狀態。如：
The window is broken.
窗戶打破了。（分詞作表語，表示現在窗戶處於破碎的狀態）
The window was broken by the boy.
窗戶是被那個小男孩打破的。（被動語態，表窗戶是被誰打破的，表動作）
The book is well written.
這本書寫得不錯。（分詞作表語，表狀態）
The book was written by her.
這本書是她寫的。（被動語態，表動作）
The tree is fallen.
樹倒了。（分詞作表語，表狀態）
Ⅳ. 作定語----to do/ doing/ done：
⒈ to do 做後置定語，與中心詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，表示將要發生的動作或狀態
I have something important to tell you. (something important 是tell you的邏輯賓語)
我有重要的事情要告訴你。
I want to get something to read ring the winter vacation. （something 是read的邏輯賓語）
我想找點書在寒假讀。
** 若to do是不及物動詞介詞不可省略
We are looking for a paper to write on.
我們正在找寫字用的紙。
I』m not sure which restaurant to eat at.
我對在哪家餐館吃飯沒有把握。
It would be a comfortable room to live in.
這房間住起來會很舒適。
** 常用to do作定語的情況
1)名詞前有序數詞、最高級所修飾This is the first building to be designed by him.
這是由他設計的第一棟樓房。
They are the first to come, and the last to leave.
他們是最先來而最後離開。
He is the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal.
他贏得奧運金牌的年齡最大的運動員。
2) 只能接to do 做賓語的動詞轉化的名詞
⒉ 動名詞作定語表示該名詞的用途，
現在分詞作定語表示該名詞正在進行的動作或存在的狀態。
a reading room (=a room for reading ) 閱覽室（動名詞）
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming)游泳池（動名詞）
a swimming girl (=a girl who is swimming)在游泳的女孩（現在分詞）
a sleeping car (=a car for sleeping)一節卧車 （動名詞）
a sleeping girl (=a girl who is sleeping)在睡覺的女孩（現在分詞）
⒊ doing作定語，多表示動作正在進行/與謂語動詞同時進行/經常性的動作或狀態；
done作定語，則多表示分詞動作「先於謂語動詞表示的動作」，表「被動」
⑴Did you see the boy dancing with the girl?
= the boy who was dancing with the girl (表正在進行)
⑵There were 50 children returning from school.
= 50 children who were returning from school（表正在進行）
⑶The factory making the cars is a small one.
= The factory which makes the cars (表示經常性)
⑷I live in a house facing the north.
=a house that faces the north (表狀態)
⑸It is the problem left over by history.
= which have been left over by history. (先於謂語動詞的動作、表被動)
⑹He is a leader respected by the people.
= who is respected by the people. (表被動)
⒋ being +done作定語時，表示一個正在進行的、被動的動作
The freeway being built will lead to Xingang Seaport.= which is being built (表正在被修建的)
⒌having + done不能作定語，此時可以用一個定於從句代替
完成作業的那些人現在可以回家了。
誤：Those having finished their homework can go home now.
正：Those who have finished their homework can go home now.
Ⅴ. 作狀語---- to do/ doing/ done：
⒈ doing作狀語往往和邏輯主語之間存在主動關系，表示時間、原因、方式、結果、條件、伴隨情況
Walking down the street, I met an old friend of mine.(時間狀語，walk 和meet 同時發生)
Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.(原因狀語，hear 和rush out 幾乎同時發生)
We sat by the window, talking about what had happened.(伴隨狀語，talk 和sit同時發生)
Having brushed my teeth, I came downstairs for breakfast.(時間狀語，brush teeth 在come downstairs 之前發生)`
Thinking it over, you will not take the job.= If you think it over (條件狀語)
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.(原因狀語，be there在offer之前發生)
⒉ done作狀語表示被動或完成的動作，表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨等。
⑴Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever.
( = As we were encouraged by the teacher)
受到老師的鼓勵，我們比以前更努力地學習。（原因狀語）
⑵Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.
( = If it is considered from the point of view)
若從這個角度考慮，那個問題很重要。（條件狀語）
⑶Seen from the hill, the town looks nice.
(= When the town is seen from the hill) (時間狀語)
⑷He turned away disappointed.
( = and he was disappointed) (伴隨狀語)
⒊ to do/ in order to do /so as to do(不於句首)用不定式作目的狀語
I studied hard to pass the exam.為了通過這次考試我努力讀書。
為了強調目的，有時可把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加。如：
In order to /To be there on time, we got up early.為了按時到那兒，我們起的很早。
He sold them so as to /in order to/ to have money to buy some food.他把它們賣掉是為了有錢買食物。
⒋ (only/ never) to do 表示出人意料的結果。
I came in only to find nobody here.
我走進來，卻發現這兒一個人都沒有。（表意外結果,加only用來強調意外）
He hurried to the station to find the train had gone.
他匆忙趕往車站，結果發現火車開走了。（表意外結果）
The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.
= and made it the most popular song
全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受人歡迎的歌曲。（沒有意外結果的意思）
⒌ 獨立主格
1) 「名詞（主格代詞）+doing」相當於一個狀語從句，表示條件、原因、結果、伴隨等。
⑴The bus being very crowded, he had to stand.
=As the bus was very crowded…
公共汽車很擠，他只好站著。（表原因）(分詞的邏輯主語是the bus，句子的主語是he)
⑵All the guests having left, we began cleaning up the room.
= After all the guests had left…
所有的客人走了之後，我們開始打掃房間。（表時間）（分詞的邏輯主語是all the guests,句子的主語是we）
⑶ 「Mama！」 she cried suddenly, tears rolling down her cheeks.
= …，and tears rolled down her cheeks.
「媽媽」，她突然哭了，眼淚順著臉頰流下來。(表伴隨)（分詞的邏輯主語是tears,句子的主語是she）
2) 分詞的獨立結構作狀語
assuming
admitting
according to /owing to/judging by/from
considering/seeing/given/allowing for
concerning/regarding
generally speaking
saving/expecting
supposing/providing/provided
talking to/about
Ⅵ. 作補足語----to do/ doing/ done：
⒈ to do作補足語表主動的動作，
doing作補足語表正在進行的動作，
done/to be done作補足語表被動的動作。
Would you like us to go with you?你願意我們和你一起去嗎？ （我們去）
She could fell her heart beating violently.她可以感到自己的心跳得很厲害。（心正在跳動）
Please get your baby examined.請讓你的孩子檢查一下。（孩子被檢查）
⒉
感官動詞 do→做了某事 (被動還原 to have/ let 除外)
S．+ + 賓語 + doing→正在做某事 (being done 被動)
使役動詞 done→被動 完成
I saw him crossing the road.
我看到他正在過馬路。（指在馬路中間或過馬路的途中）
I saw him cross the road.
我看見他過了馬路。（指看見他過了馬路這個過程）
I saw him beaten black and blue.
我看到他被打得青一塊紫一塊。（指看見他被打）
**巧記感官動詞和使役動詞----「一感二聽三讓五看」
feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /look at, see, , watch, notice, observe
*①以上動詞接to do作賓補時不帶to。被動語態時要還原to
help 後面的to do 做賓補 to 可帶可不帶 *They were made to pay back the money.他們被迫還錢。
He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他離開了辦公室。
*②* have +賓語+doing
常和will/would not連用，表示「不允許某人總是或反復地做某事」
I won』t have him speaking to me like that.我不允許他那樣對我講話。
⒊ 要求接帶to 的不定式作其賓補的動詞有：
force, tell, invite, expect, wish, advise, warn, cause, order, encourage, persuade, beg, permit, allow等
He advised me to give up smoking.他建議我戒煙。
We encouraged him to try again.我們鼓勵他再試試。
At the meeting they invited me to speak.在會議上他們邀請我發言。
4. with 復合結構
with + 賓語 + to do (將來， 主動表被動)
with + 賓語 + doing (現在或過去主動， 現在被動：being done)
with + 賓語 + done (過去，被動)
Ⅲ 高中英語考試技巧！語法咋做
首先你買本專題的的練習冊，比如說這章就是講虛擬語氣的，你學完語法後，肯定會有一些課後題，然後把每一道題都找到和你之前學的語法的對應點，一次找不到不要緊，在看語法再看題，多看幾遍一定會找到的
Ⅳ 高中英語語法都有哪些
這個問題很復雜，當然學起來也得下苦功夫。比較重要的就是「動詞」與之相關版的就是動詞的時態和語態。好好學習權這部分會對你的學習有較大幫助的。有人說學習語法沒必要，這是錯誤的。比如一道選擇題或是寫一篇文章，到你學會語法時，你 會察覺你學他是正確的選擇。
Ⅳ 高中英語全部語法
名詞、冠詞、代來詞、自數詞、形容詞與副詞、介詞與介詞短語、動詞與動詞短語、時態和語態（一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、現在完成進行時、過去完成進行時、將來進行時、將來完成時、被動語態）、虛擬語氣、情態動詞（猜測及虛擬）、非謂語動詞（現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、動名詞、獨立主格。附：本人認為這塊內容有些難度，需多下功夫）、簡單句和並列句、主謂一致、復合句（四大主語從句：表語從句、賓語從句、主語從句、同位語從句；定語從句：限定性和非限定性；狀語從句：時間、地點、原因、結果、條件、方式、讓步、比較、目的）、省略、倒裝和強調，基本上就這些了。
Ⅵ 高中英語語法句型（全一點哦）
非謂語動詞
在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞)。
1）不定式
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2）動名詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3）分詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 動名詞， not + 現在分詞
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和 一般過去時。常見的結構有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前，後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor為增補意思"也不關心"，因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。
注意： 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為"的確如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，後面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
其他部分倒裝
1) so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝願的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例題：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案為D. 否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案為B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案為B. 句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連接詞：that,whether,if 不充當從句的任何成分）
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
連接副詞：when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較：whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末，用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名詞性that-從句
1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置於句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句
1）由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：
主語： How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語： I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置於句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
if, whether引導的名詞從句
1）yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：
主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2）選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
Ⅶ 高中英語語法包括哪些，哪些語法考試必考
一、高中英語語法：
基數詞
表示數目多少或順序先後的詞叫數詞。
1.基數詞的構成：
1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;
11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, ei
1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand m
Two of the girls are from Tokyo.
這些姑娘中有兩位來自東京。
2)作賓語：
Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.
四個人申請這工作，但我們僅需一人。
3)作表語：
The population of China is over 1.3 billion.
中國有十三億多人口。
I』m twenty while my brother is sixteen.
我二十歲，我弟弟十六歲。
4)作定語：
We have 300 workers in our company.
我們公司有三百名員工。
Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名學生參加了這次采訪。
5)作同位語：
You two clean these seats.
你們兩個打掃這些位子。
Have you got tickets for us three?
有我們三個人的票嗎?
序數詞
表示順序或等級。
1. 序數詞的構成：
1-10： first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th；
11-19： eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th；
20-90： twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th；
≥100：
100 hundredth；
1,000 thousandth；
1,000,000 millionth；
1,000,000,000 billionth
2、序數詞的用法
1）作主語：
The second is what I really need.
第二個是我真正需要的。
The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.
第一個瓶已滿，但第二個還空著。
2）作賓語：
I got a third in biology.
我生物得到了第三名。
Do you prefer the first or the second?
第一個和第二個你更喜歡哪一個呢？
3）作表語：
I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you
.我將是第一個支持你的人，也是最不會反對你的人。
Columbus was the first who discovered America.
哥倫布是第一個發現美洲的人。
4）作定語：
I』ll try a second time and see if I can do it.
我還要試一次，看看我能否做得了。
Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you』ll get there.
在第一個轉彎處向右轉，然後在第二個轉彎處向左轉就到了。
5）作狀語：
He came second in the race.
他在賽跑中得了第二名。
It was a snowy day when we first met.
我們初次見面時是一個下雪的日子。
3、 序數詞前冠詞的使用
1） 明確指明了先後順序或一系列事物按一定的規律排列時，序數詞前用定冠詞。
This is the second time that I have been in London.
這是我第二次來倫敦。
Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.
阿爾瓦市懷特家的第五個孩子。
2） 表示「又一、再一」，不強調順序時，序數詞前用不定冠詞。
You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?
今天你已經買了四個玩具了，為什麼還想再買一個呢？
I failed again, but I will try a third time.
我又失敗了，可是我要再試一次。
3） 序數詞前有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格或其他修飾語時不用任何冠詞。
My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.
我五歲前是和祖父母一塊度過的。
Mrs. Black』s second child is a genius.
布萊克夫人的第二個孩子是個天才。
4） 序數詞與名詞構成復合形容詞時，冠詞由被修飾詞而定。此時序數詞是復合形容詞的一部分而不是獨立的，前面的冠詞完全由這個形容詞所修飾的名詞而定。
This MPV car is a second-hand one.
這輛商務車是二手的。
Habit is second nature.
習慣是第二天性。
5） 序數詞還可作副詞，此時不用任何冠詞。
First I am short of money; second I haven』t enough time.
首先我缺錢，其次我沒有足夠的時間。
6） 序數詞用在表示「每隔……」的every 後，其前不用冠詞。
every second day 每隔一天
every fifth day 每隔四天
every second line 每隔一行
7） 某些固定搭配中序數詞前不用冠詞。
first of all 首先
at first 起初
at first sight 乍一看，第一
數詞的用法
1. 分數：表示分數時，分子須用基數詞，分母須用序數詞。
（分子是1以上的任何數時，作分母的序數詞要用復數形式。）
1） 真分數通常用英語單詞表達。
one-fourth 四分之一
two-fifths 五分之二
a quarter 四分之一
2） 分子和分母的數目較大時，兩者都用基數詞，之間用over/by/out of/in 連接。
Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.
二十個學生中有七個通過了飛行測試。
3） 帶分數：「整數+ and + 分數部分」。
Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.
周末期間的降雨量達二又四分之一英寸。
2. 小數：小數總是用阿拉伯數字表達。小數點後不論有多少位都不能用逗號分開，但小數點之前的數依然按照三位一個逗號的原則書寫。
0.786432 120,372.428
注意：小數點前的數按普通基數詞的讀法讀，小數點後的數每一位都要單獨讀。
15.503 讀作fifteen point five zero three
0.05 讀作zero point zero five
3. 百分數：百分數中的數目用阿拉伯數字，後接percent或百分號（%），在專業統計或表格中常用%代替percent，在句首時則用英語單詞書寫。
I have invested 40 percent of my income.
我把40%的收入用作投資了。
Farmers』 income has increased by 30%.
農民的收入已經增加了30%。
4、 倍數：表示倍數時，一倍用once，兩倍 用twice/double，三倍以上用「基數詞+ times」。
1）「倍數 + as many/much … as …」
My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.
我同桌聲稱他的郵票是我的兩倍。
This computer costs three times as much as that one.
這台計算機的價格是那台的三倍。
2）「倍數 + the size of …」
用法與size相同的名詞常見的有weight（重量），height（高度），depth（深度），width（寬度），age（年齡），length（長度）等。
Our playground is five times the size of theirs.
我們的操場是他們的五倍大。
This street is twice/double the width of that one.
這條大街是那條大街的兩倍寬。
3）「倍數 + what從句」
The value of the house is double what it was.
這所房子的價值是原來的兩倍。
People』s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
人們的平均收入是十年前的五倍。
4）「倍數 + 比較級 + than」
The room is twice larger than ours.
這間房子比我們的房子大兩倍。
This ball seats three times more people than that one.
這個大廳能坐的人數是那個大廳的四倍。
5）「比較級 + than … + by + 倍數/程度」
The line is longer than that one by twice.
這根線是那根線的兩倍長。
The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.
中國人口是美國人口的六倍多。
5、四則運算：
1）加法：在口語中，小數目的加法常用and代表「+」，is 或 are 代表「=」。
在正式的場合或較大數目的加法用plus代表「+」，equals或is 代表「=」。
7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.
2) 減法：在口語中，小數目的減法用「Take away + 減數 + from + 被減數 + and you get + 余數」
「減數 + from + 被減數 + leaves/is + 余數」
在正式的場合或較大數目的減法用minus 代表「—」，equals 代表「=」。
12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.
21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.
3) 乘法：在口語中，小數目的乘法的乘數用復數形式，用are 代表「=」。
大數目的乘法用times代表「×」，is/makes 代表「=」。
在正式的場合下用multiplied by 代表「×」，equals 代表「=」。
4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588
Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
4) 除法：小數目的除法：用divided by 代表「÷」，equals 代表「=」。
「被除數 + divided by + 除數 + equals + 商」；「除數 + into + 被除數 + goes + 商」
32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.
Four into thirty-two goes eight.
大數目的除法：用divided by 代表「÷」，equals 代表「=」。
216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.
6、比率：一般來說表示比率都用阿拉伯數字（包括句首的情況），但在非專業性的文字中，也可用英語單詞的形式。
The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.
七比四寫作7:4或7/4。
You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.
你成功的機會只有一半。
7、編號：用基數詞時 名詞 + 基數詞 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…
用序數詞時 the + 序數詞 + 名詞 ?the First World War
8、年代與幾十幾歲：通常是逢十的基數詞用作復數形式。表示年代的數詞前用定冠詞 in the 90s；表示歲數的數詞前用形容詞用物主代詞 in one』s twenties
9、約數：
1）表示「大約」可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less，用or so 表示「左右、大約」置於數詞之後。
The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.
The man in rags is sixty years old or so.
那個衣衫襤褸的男子大約有六十歲/六十歲左右。
Peter is something like thirty.
皮特大約有三十歲。
2）「多於、超過」用more/than/over/above；「少於、不超過」用less than。
She was more than/less than forty when she got married.
她結婚時有四十多歲/不到四十歲。
3）其他
半天（小時）half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour
一個半 a day and a half=one and a half days
兩天半 two days and a half=two and a half days
一兩天……one or two days=a day or two
兩三天/周/個蘋果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…
三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time
三年五載 from three to five years; in a few years
三三兩兩 in twos and threes; in knots
二、高中英語語法考試必考的內容：
1、as 句型
(1) as引導方式狀語從句句型：「按照……;正如……」
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你們國家一樣，我們北方種植小麥，南方種植水稻。
(2) as+形容詞/副詞原級+(a /an)+名詞+as ;
否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一樣是位優秀的運動員。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致於……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一個如此的一個笨蛋以致相信了他所說的話。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致於……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的強壯以致於能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之類的…… (接名詞或定語從句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成為一個像雷鋒這樣的人。
(6) the same +名詞+as 和……一樣的…… (接名詞或定語從句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是從前的那樣子了。
(7) as 引導非限制性定語從句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
眾所周知，知識就是力量。
(8)引導時間狀語從句，與while意義相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
隨著我們長大，我們也變得越來越聰明。
(9) 引導原因狀語從句，與 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因為越來越遲了，所以我們不久就回來了。
(10) 引導讓步狀語從句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
盡管他是一個小孩，但他對科學了解得很多。
2、prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我寧願呆在家裡。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜歡打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你願意我留下來嗎?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
寧願…...而不願...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我寧願呆在家裡而不願出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜歡看籃球，不喜歡打籃球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when 句型
(1) be doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑著的時候門突然開了，他妻子走了進來。
(2) be about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我們剛要出發，天就開始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在勞累了一天之後我剛剛就寢，電話鈴就響了。
4、seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that從句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看來好像每個人都很滿意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是對的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一場大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看樣子她不能來上課了。
5、表示「相差……;增加了……;增加到……」句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我們之間相差一歲。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三歲。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他們把價格上漲了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工資已經漲到了每月10,000元。
6、what 引導的名詞性從句
(1) what 引導主語從句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
讓我吃驚的是每個人似乎對她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不關心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引導賓語從句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我們能學會我們不懂的東西。
(3) what 引導表語從句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引導同位語從句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他們正在談論什麼。
7、too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家來決定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家裡就非常高興。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿這雙鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me.
這篇課文對我來說太難了。
(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
8、where 句型
(1) where 引導的定語從句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
這就是他去年住過的房子。
(2) where 引導的狀語從句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他將鑰匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引導的表語從句
例：This is where you are wrong.
這正是你錯的地方。
9、wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人現在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一樣強壯。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人過去做某事
例： I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早點告訴我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人將來做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你這次會成功。
11、 before 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 寧願做……而不願做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她寧可死也不去背叛祖國。
(2) would rather have done sth 寧願過去做過某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我寧願過去接受他的意見。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 寧願某人過去做過某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通過上星期的考試。
(4) would rather sb did sth 寧願某人現在或將來做某事
例： Who would you rather went with you?
你寧願誰和你一起去?
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +時間+ before + 還有多長時間……
例：It will be 4 years before he graates.
他還有四年時間變畢業了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn』t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。
(5) It was not +一段時間+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn』t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們離開了那國家。
13、用於表示過去未實現的希望和計劃的句型
(1) It is /was +被強調部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天給我叔叔寫信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被強調部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇見的是你兄弟嗎?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑問詞 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎樣去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +謂語動詞 (強調謂語)
例：They do know the place well.
他們的確很熟悉那個地方。
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想給你寫信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時態表示原打算做什麼)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一場籃球比賽。
Ⅷ 高中英語語法大全
1根據您的情況，能在短期內沖高分的只有作文，聽力，閱讀，完型了，至於考查語法比較多的單項選擇，那就容後再說了。你可以多看語法書上的練習題以及解析，培養一種感覺，不懂的多問老師，盡量掃除多一點的盲點，在語法這一塊能爭多少分就多少分。
2作文就是多背一些模板，高級句型，片語，考試時候把字體寫好一點。
3閱讀完型跟語法聯系不是很大，所以這是提高幅度僅次於作文的兩塊。既然跟語法沒有關系，那麼它們就跟你的語感，經驗密切相關了，這些只能靠做題，並適時總結，時時回顧來達到了。
4聽力，你要好好總結一下，常考題型有哪些，一般某種題型是怎樣提問的，是怎樣設置陷阱的，還有就是在什麼地方暗示答案的。比如數值型的題目，人家問你a book 多少錢，一般聽到的都不是答案，數值型需要一定的計算，而計算的最常用方法就是discount，打折等……這些就是聽力題中常見的考點。你可以花點時間看看聽力原文，看出題人怎樣設置答案的，這樣提問的……這些都能讓你心中有數，而不會在考試的時候蒙掉了，也不會讓你在考試的時候不知道聽哪裡。
其實聽力，也是練出來的，為了保證一定的強度，你還可以把聽力的mp3放進手機里，不論走路，還是吃飯，或者是逛商場……你都可以隨時聽，，因為聽力很注重語感，所以到了你需要應付考試的時候，你能天天聽，時時聽，那更是重要！
我能說的只能是這些，至於具體的語法細節就只能靠您自己把握了。祝你好運！！！