A. 英語評論性文章說語法詞彙用的好不好的那種
小學的英語學習其實是簡單的，單一的，它沒有完整的知識系統。小學英語學習最主要的就是積累簡單常用的詞彙，諸如：banana，house，family等等，另外就是樹立對外國語言的學習興趣，這是小學英語學習的最主要功能。然而進入初中之後，詞彙量的大量增加，系統語法知識的龐大，短語搭配的增多，課文文章的加長，還有中考應試的壓力，這一切都讓初中學生可能感到不知所措，很茫然。所以要形成正確的英語學習方法和技巧，這一定對你以後學習有重大幫助。
步驟/方法
1
單詞的記憶。其實英語的學習歷來都把單詞的學習作為重點，初中也不例外。我們一定要記住，單詞記憶切忌孤立地，單純地背誦單詞。我們中學最習慣的背誦方法就是背拼寫，比如what這個單詞我們一般都是這么背what what，這樣只是記住了幾個孤立的字母而並沒有記住單詞，過不了幾天就會把這個單詞忘掉。那麼我們就要把單詞放在一個整體或者環境中背誦，比如我們不如記住下面一句話：What is your name?(你的名字叫什麼)那麼就不容易忘掉了。也就是說每記一個單詞都要相應地記住用這個單詞在內的一個例句，因為單詞的意思只能在句子中體現，有意思我們才不容易忘掉，而孤立的無意思的不容易記住。另外記憶單詞要利用一切可能的辦法去記住，比如分類記憶：我們把動物的有關詞彙放在一起，把有關校園的有關詞彙放在一起，或者天文，地理，等等。當然我們也可以利用諧音的方法自己編寫些小段子記住單詞。
2
語法的學習。初中是開始學習系統語法知識的重要階段。這階段語法學習好了，以後語法就會感到很輕松。首先應該明確是初中的時候我們學習的更多的是詞法而不是句法，因為畢竟從簡單開始吧，就算是中考題也基本上沒有多少句法的題，所以初中一定要把重心放在詞法上，就是名詞，介詞，冠詞，代詞，形容詞等上面，而這些東西是最零碎的也是最頭疼的，我們就更要有細心和耐心。建議每學習一個語法點，在學校教室里抄過一遍筆記後，回家靜下心來，再重新整理一遍筆記，去粗取精，這其實是回顧溫習的過程，並且要做好分類，不同重要程度的或者難易程度的要用不同的顏色區別對待，並時常翻閱。此外課堂上的語法知識往往和教材同步而並不系統，我們還可以再有一本語法書籍，甚至可以買高中語法，這樣有知識的拓展。
3
文章的學習。現在的教材文章普遍較難。所以閱讀文章難度是相當大的。學生在學習文章前一定要預習老師即將要講的內容，事先把自己認為比較難的單詞語法和句子劃出來，這樣就可以有的放矢。課本上的文章一定要精讀，不能說看懂了就可以，而是要把每一個重要的單詞和句子都要吃透。同時對文章中的經典詞彙和段落要記筆記，甚至要會背誦，為後面的寫作打基礎。加強英語學習，閱讀是重點，課堂上的文章太過教條和局限，可能缺乏生動性和樂趣性。因此課後也要多讀些課外文章。建議讀些國內出版的淺顯的英語文章，比如象「英語沙龍初級版」英漢對照著看，一定會有興趣和提高。
4
寫作的學習。寫作學習請大家牢牢記住下面兩句話。「讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神」，「熟讀唐詩三百首，不會做詩也會吟」，強大的閱讀功底是寫出好文章的保證，只有輸入得多了才能輸出得多，因此一定要多讀課外文章還有精讀文章。在具體聯系方面，我們並不需要寫太多字數的文章。因為初中生的作文並不需要寫太復雜的句子。僅僅是簡單句子的結合，所以說中學生的作文不叫真正意義上的作文，而是叫寫話。所以鑒於上述，我覺得英漢互譯寫句子是最好的寫作文的方法，把每句話成功的寫出來，再結合起來就是一篇好的作文了。
注意事項
以上四種方法相信可以給孩子帶來或多或少的幫助，同時也會給孩子帶來對英語的學習新的理解和掌握的規律，新的學期會有許多新的知識的學習和環境的改變京碩教育就是讓孩子在總結好掌握知識的基礎上再開始領悟新的知識。
以上來自網路經驗
B. 想找兩篇關於英語語法的文章
中學語法能有多少，你直接拿本語法書看就ok了。
C. 有沒有一篇英語短文，包含了所有的語法知識，或者至少
a
large
store
（主語）
was
having（謂語）
its
spring
sale
（賓語）
on
shoes
and
boots（定語短語）.
翻譯：一家大型商場正在進行鞋子以及靴子的春季促銷活動。
it
（主語）was（謂語）
the
first
day
of
the
sale（賓語）,and
the
shoe
department（主語）
was
（謂語）full
of
people（補語）
who（定語從句主語）
were
eagerly
buying
them（定語從句謂語）.
翻譯：這是促銷活動的第一天，這個鞋子商場擠滿了想要買鞋的人。
there
were
（there
are
結構）
all
kinds
of
shoes
and
boots
（真正主語）
in
a
variety
of
colours
（主語的定語）and
the
prices（並列句主語）
had
been
reced
a
lot（並列句謂語）
because
（原因狀語）the
store（原因狀語從句主語）
wanted
to
get
rid
of
as
many
as
possible（原因狀語從句謂語）
in
order
to（目的狀語）
make
room
（目的狀語補語）for
their
new
stock.
翻譯：鞋子和靴子的種類很多，配色也很多，而且價格也降低很多，因為商場想要處理盡可能多的商品以便為他們的新品騰出倉庫。
the
cashiers（主語）
were
kept（謂語）
busy（系表結構表語）,and
at
one
moment（並列句時間狀語）
a
woman
（並列句主語）came
to
（並列句謂語）one
of
them
with
her
money
in
her
hand（狀語）
and
said,"i
don't
need
a
bag,thank
you.i'm
wearing
the
shoes
i
bought."
翻譯：收銀員一直很忙，然而此時有一個女士手上拿著錢走到他們其中之一面前，說：「我不需包包，我穿著我想要買的鞋子。」
she
（主語）pointed
to（謂語）
them
（賓語）on
her
feet（狀語）.
翻譯：她指著她穿在腳上的鞋子。
"would（疑問句提前）
you
（主語）like（謂語）
a
bag
（賓語）to
put
your
old
shoes
in
then（目的狀語）?"
翻譯：那你需要一個袋子用來放你的舊鞋子嗎?
the
cashier（主語）
asked
（謂語）politely
（狀語）as（連詞）
she
（狀語從句主語）took
（狀語從句謂語）the
woman's
money（狀語從句賓語）.
翻譯：當她從女士手中接過現金的時候，收銀員禮貌地問道。
"no,thank
you,the
woman（主語）
answered
（謂語）quickly（狀語）,"i've
just
sold
those
to
someone
else."
翻譯：「不，謝謝。」女士很快地回答。「我剛把它們賣給了別人。」
手打回答，望採納。不知道樓主具體什麼不明白，可以追問，謝謝。
D. 英語語法論文
論英語語法與修辭
語法和修辭既是相通的，又是有區別的。語法是語言的組織規律，講的是語言的結構形式；因此語法學家研究的對象是語言本身規律的一部分，是研究如何造出合乎語法的句子。因為只有合乎語法規則的句子才具有可理解的性質，才有可能被用作表達思想的基本語言單位。修辭不同於語法，它是研究語言使用的規律，是和語言的使用目的和使用場合密切相關的。因此，修辭學研究的對象是如何在具體交際場合中取得最好的語言表達效果，即如何根據不同的對象和場合把話說好，把文章做好，以便更好地達到交際目的。但是，修辭和語法又密切相關，可以說，修辭知識是語法知識的延伸，前者是建築在後者基礎上。因為語法告訴我們，同一個意思可以有不同的合乎語法的表達方式，而修辭則告訴我們如何恰當地選用語法形式，以達到最好的語言表達效果。語法結構形式的選用，關繫到使用領域（即語體）的問題。比如在學術論文中，不可用適合於口頭的表達方式；在法律文書中，不可用形象生動的文學語言；對上級或者長輩講話，用語不可太隨便；跟朋友談心，用語又不可太莊重。因此，一本好的語法書必然要涉及修辭問題。我們學習語法不能只重視分析語言的能力；更重要的是要培養自覺、恰當地運用語言的能力。從這個角度來看，語法必須結合修辭，語法書的編寫不能局限於詞法和句法而必須超越句法的范圍，講一點如何恰當地使用語法知識的規律。恰當地使用語法知識規律可以簡單地歸納為以下內容：
表達思想，分清主次；關系明確，避免歧義；言語簡練，用詞經濟；句式多樣，靈活交替。
一、表達思想，分清主次
這是修辭的第一條要求。在使用語言進行交際時，總是要把主要的住處突出起來，以便引起對方的注意，能為對方所理解並把握住意義的重心。這就涉及語法中一系列強調手段的運用問題。這些強調手段包括後置和前置、主從句、分裂句、層進法等，只要用之得當，便可在組詞成句中突出主要的信息，分清主要次要的意思。
1、後置
後置，作為一種突出主要思想的手段，是現代英語的詞序特徵。眾所周知，英語在其長期發展中形成一種相對固定的詞序。根據這種詞序，句子的意義重心往往落在句子的尾部分，從而句尾成為一種受到強調的部位。根據這條原則，說話人要強調什麼意思，便可讓它出現在句尾，從而傳遞信息便主次分明了。在前面提到的句尾信息焦點和尾重原則就是採用的這一原理。
對比下面兩句話：
The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately.
The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover.
這兩個句子的意思都是病人受到很好的照顧，很快開始康復。但第一句的意義重心是immediately, 強調了康復之快，而第二句的意義重心則在於「康復」而不強調「馬上」。
再如：
Though we started off early, we were late for the last bus.
We were late for the last bus, though we started off early.
We were late for the last bus. We started off early, though.
以上三個句子所表達的意思是一致的，但所強調的重點是不一樣的。第一句強調我們晚了，第二句強調我們的確出發不晚，第三句突出強調了出發得早然而卻晚了這一驚訝。
We had a long enough holiday on the beach.
We had a holiday, long enough, on the beach.
兩個句子的意義差別不大，但第一句只是普通的句子，而第二句強調了long enough。
2、主從結構
在主從結構中（這里主要指主句與從句），主句通常攜帶主要的信息，從句表達次要的信息。因此，人們在交流思想時，可以把主要意思放在主句中表達，而把次要意思放在從句中。這也可以成為表達思想分清主次的手段。如：
After I had visited this country, I was even more struck by its beauty.
Having visited this country, I was even more struck by its beauty.
After my visit to this country, I was even more struck by its beauty.
I was even more struck by its beauty, after I had visited this country.
以上四個句子意思上的差別是不大的，但所要表達的具體內涵和感情就有些差異了。第一句after從句是個時間狀語從句，為了更加突出主要的意思，通常它放於主句的前面，從而突出主句的信息。第二句把時間狀語從句改為了非限定分句，那就加重了它的從屬地位，從而主句的意思也就更加突出。如果再把非限定分句改為介詞片語，那末，主句的意思進一步得到突出。第四句把從句置於句末，根據末端中心的原則，從句的意義比在句首是加重了，它相當於一種補敘，為主句表達的思想內容提供某種比較重要的條件，意思相當於「只有當我參觀了這個國家之後，才被這個國家的美更加深深地打動了。」
在這樣的結構中，有兩條語法規則在交叉地起作用：主從結構的表意作用和詞序的作用。正由於從屬的意思能以各種方式增加其分量，使之能夠對主句所表達的意思起一定的平衡作用，有時甚至起到修改和對抗作用，這種「主句＋從句」的結構往往可在修辭上取得幽默、諷刺或戲劇性等特殊效果，在閱讀時您不妨仔細體味。如：
We don』t bother much about dress and manners in England, because as a nation we don』t dress well and we』ve no manners.
這句話是主句在前，從句在後。主句的意思是：在英國，我們不為衣著和禮貌而煩神，為什麼不煩神呢？都穿得很好嗎？都很講禮貌嗎？不是的。請看下文：因為，作為一個民族，我們穿得不好，而且不講禮貌。這樣一來，後置的原因狀語分句便對主句的意思起抵消的作用，從而帶有辛辣的諷刺味道。
再如：
Even though men may deny it, women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events.
Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events, though men may not deny(否定)it.
Women may soon be able to compete with men in most sporting events, but men may deny it.
第一句，主句位於從句之後，突出了主句的意思，對婦女在體育運動中不斷提高的地位持肯定態度；第二句，從句位於主句之後，抵消了或削弱了主句的意思，但是主要意思還是認為婦女即將在大多數體育運動項目中與男子進行競爭，只是這種意思被後面的從句削弱了一；第三句是個並列句，其意義主要受著分句順序的支配。這句話的主要意思是媽婦女能否在大多數體育運動項目中與男了相抗衡表示一種懷疑的態度。
3、前置
除採用後置和主從結構來突出主要思想外，語法還提供了第三種方法，這就是前置。由於句首也是一種引人注目的位置，如果把一個通常不出現在句首的成分前移至句首，這也會起強調作用，產生特殊的修辭效果。例如句子的賓語和補足語通常出現在謂語動詞之後，如果由於某種原因，比如為了與上文相銜接，而把賓語或補語移至句首，這時，前置的賓語或補語就會特別引人注目。如：
Mr White fried two small pieces of fish. One of these he fed to his cat. The other he ate himself. 懷特先生煎了兩條魚，一條餵了狗，另一條他自己吃了。
It is important to prevent pollution. Equally important is to take measures to check the rise in prices. 阻止污染是非常重要的。同時同等重要的是採取措施核實價格是不能提高。
有時狀語的前置也能起強調作用。比如在否定結構中，否定詞及其強調詞通常是比較貼近謂語動詞的。如：
The manager will not in any case stand rudeness from his employees.
在這里，not in any case 是「決不」之意，位於句子當中，這是不受強調的位置。如果把這個結構移至句首並引起倒裝：
In no case will the manager stand rudeness from his employees.
這時，狀語in no case便處於突出的地位，受到了強調。當然，在這種結構中，句尾仍然起著信息中心的作用。
4、分裂句
語法向我們提供的另一強調手段是一種特殊的、專門突出主要意思的句子結構――分裂句（又稱強調句型）。分裂句的基本結構是：
It is/was＋中心成分＋that-分句
在這種句式中，中心成分是最受強調的部位，它可以是一個句子中主語、賓語、狀語和賓語補足語等。（本部分詳細請參閱本章《強調部分》）
During the summer vacation I worked in a hotel as a part-time job to make some money for ecation. 在暑假裡，為了嫌點錢上學，我在一家旅館找了份業余工作。
這個句子可以改用分裂句式強調除謂語動詞以外的任何成分。如：
It was ring the summer vacation that I worked in a hotel as a part-time job to make some money for ecation.
It was I that/who ring the summer vacation worked in a hotel as a part-time job to make some money for ecation.
It was in a hotel ring the summer vacation I worked as a part-time job to make some money for ecation.
It was as a part-time job that During the summer vacation I worked in a hotel to make some money for ecation.
對於謂語及其後續成分突出出來就得採用另外一種分裂句：
What-分句＋is＋不定式結構。
如：
What I did ring the summer vacation was to work in a hotel as a part-time job to make some money for ecation.
由此可見分裂句It is/was＋中心成分＋that-分句的主要強調重心不在句尾而在句中；分裂句What-分句＋is＋不定式結構的主要強調重心仍然在句尾。
5、層進法
還有一種強調的方法就是採用「層進法」，即在排列兩個以上並列成分時，採取由次要到重要到最重要的排列方式，從而突出位於句尾的成分。如：
Einstein was a fair violinist, a great mathematician, and a deeply philosophical (哲理的)man.
愛因斯坦三重身份：他既是偉大的數學家，又是個懂得精深哲理的人，同時還是個業余小提琴手。在這三重身份中，哪一種最重要呢？當然，精通哲理最重要，數學家次之，會演奏小提琴又次之，所以按照a vilionist, a great mathematician, and a deeply philosophical man 這樣的排列，是符合一般修辭原則的，即要求由次要到重要至最重要的排列。這是故意違反一般修辭原則，而把不太重要的意思放在最後最重要的位置上，從而達到諷刺、幽默的修效果。
He referred his success to hard work, his parents and his teachers.
一個人事業的成功，最重要因素本應為「埋頭苦幹」，可是現在卻把「父母、老師」放在最重要的位置，這無疑就是一種人際交流的需要。
層進法不僅適用於句子成分之間，而且適用於句子和句子、語段和語段、段落和段落之間。
二、關系明確，避免歧義
修辭的另一條重要原則是要求表意明確，而不是模稜兩可。一句話如果既可作這樣解釋，又可作那樣解釋，這就叫做歧義。引起歧義的原因是多種多樣。其中重要的一種是句子成分之間的關系不明確，特別是照應關系、修飾關系、比較關系不明確往往引起歧義。照應必須有被照應的對象，修飾也必有被修飾的對象，如果這些關系搞不清，意思就含糊不明。因此，關系明確是避免歧義的重要方法。
1、要處理好照應關系
英語中代詞照應是照應關系中最重要的。處理好照應關系是理解篇章的最基本的前提。如：
? Since my grandfather was a doctor, it is not surprising that I have chosen that for a job.
在這里that所指不明，不論是指doctor, 還是指my grandfather was doctor, 在本句中都講不能。因此在這個句中，have chosen 的賓語以不用代詞為宜：
Since my grandfather was a doctor, it is not surprising that I have chosen medicine for my job.
再如：
? The players and umpires (裁判)know one another well and sometimes they call them by their first names.
這個並列句後半部的they, them, their含義不明。如果是運動員對他們認識的裁判員有時直呼其名，可以說：
Players who know umpires well sometimes call them by their first names.
如果是裁判員對他們認識的運動員有時直呼其名，那就說：
Knowing the players well, the umpires sometimes call them by their first names.
2、要處理好修飾關系
關於名詞修飾語和狀語(特別是副詞)的位置問題分別相關章節，這里再從修辭角度作一些補充。
狀語的位置如果處理不當往往會引起歧義。如：
? I have followed the advice sincerely given by the teacher.
? The woman scolded the boy for playing with fire bitterly.
上述諸句中，sincerely, bitterly 叫「偏斜修飾語」，因為它們在句中位置不正，以致sincerely既可理解為修飾follow, 也可理解為修飾given；bitterly 本應修飾scolded，但在句中卻好象在修飾playing，從而產生了歧義。這些修飾語的位置應作如下調整：
I have sincerely followed the advice given by the teacher.
The woman bitterly scolded the boy for playing with matches.
再如：
He sent us the full story of his rescue from Lake of the Ozarks(美國奧沙克湖).
在這里from Lake of the Ozarks既可理解為修飾sent，也可理解修飾his rescue。根據「靠近」的原則，可將該句調整如下：
He sent us from the Ozarks the full story of his rescue.
3、要避免中途改變語態或主語
在主動結構和被動結構的使用上，一般修辭原則是要保持前後一致。如果中途改變語態，則往往意義不明。如：
? He left the examination after his answer had been checked.
這句話，主句用了主動結構，從句忽然改為被動結構，這樣一來，到底是誰「核對子答案」便不明確了。要改進這個句子，最好把前後的動詞語態一致起來，從而主語也一致了：
He left the exmination after he had checked his answer.
再如：
As the guests entered the church, proper seats were arranged by the ushers leading them.(迎客的人).
這句話的毛病是中途改變主語，以致「座位指定給誰」，含義不明。應將前後主語一致起來，盡管語態有變，但不影響意義：
As the guests entered the church, they were led to the proper seats by the ushers.
4、要處理好比較關系
比較關系也是一種修飾關系。比較結構如果不完整或不確切也會引出歧義。請觀察：
? He is as tall, if not taller, than his brother.
在這句話中，比較結構不完全，因為不可能說He is as tall than his brother, 而只能說as tall as his brother。 所以這句話應該調整為：
He is as tall as his brother, if not taller.
或調整為：
He is as tall as, if not taller than his brother.
再如：
Leonardo had one of the greatest, if not the greatest minds of all times.
這個最高級結構也是不完全的，從而非常費解，因為在這里有兩個名詞片語「one of the greatest minds」和「the greatest mind」。應補足為：
Leonardo had one of the greatest minds, if not the greatest mind, of all times.
有時，比較結構不完全，導致表意不合邏輯。如：
?Her salary was lower than a typist.
怎麼會一個人的薪水比打字員低呢？應該說成：
Her salary was lower than that of a typist.
或者：Her salary was lower than a typist』s.
再如：
?The food here costs no more than any other resaurant.
這句話從字面上看可以理解為The food here costs no more than any other restaurant costs, 這樣以來，就變成拿食品價格和其它飯店的相比了，顯然不合邏輯。應該拿這里的食品價格和任何其它飯店的食品相比：
The food here costs no more than (it does) at any other restaurant.
由上述諸例可以看出，在使用比較結構時，必須把被比較的對象明確起來。如果被比較的對象不明確，那就意義含糊。如：
?Claremont is farther from Los Angeles than Pomona.
這句話的意思很含糊。到底是Claremont 距離Los Angeles 比Pomona 距離Los Angeles 遠呢？還是Claremont距離Los Angeles 比Claremont距離Pomona遠呢？如果是前一種意思，應該說成：Claremont is farther from Los Angeles than Pomona is.
如果是後一種意思，則應該說：
Claremont is farther from Los Angeles than it is from Pomona.
有時，在比較結構中使用than any…不當，其表意不合邏輯。如：
?For many years the Empire State building was taller than any building in New York.
這句話不合邏輯，因為Empire State Building 坐落在紐約市。它怎能和包括它自己在內的紐約市建築物相比呢？處理這類問題，只要在any之後加個other就可以了：
From many years the Empire State Building was taller than any other building in New York.
三、言語簡練，用詞經濟
言語簡練，用詞經濟是修辭的另一條重要原則。所謂「簡練」就是不用多餘的詞，即在表情達意中每一個詞都起到自己的表意作用，而沒有冗長、累贅的現象。「簡練」和「簡短」是兩個不同的概念。「簡練」是修辭上的優點；「簡短」有時是優點，但有時就不一定是優點。一個簡短的句子或者一篇簡短的文章有時鏗鏘有力，擲地有聲，便有時也可能言之無物，讀來無味；文章長而空固然不妙；而空也未嘗足取。一個句子或者一篇文章可能比較長，但內容充實，組織嚴密，沒有廢話，沒有敗筆，照樣可以算是「簡練」。因此「簡練」是修辭的一個努力方向，它和「簡短」是有區別的。
1、要避免冗贅
盡管一個句子或者一篇文章並不一定是「越短越好」，但是小題而大作，短話而連篇，言之無物，總是要不得的。講一句話，造一個句子，在能充分表達思想的前提下，用詞應該十分經濟，必須避免使用多餘的詞。如：
Whenever anyone called for someone to help him do something, Jim was always the first to lend his help for the cause.
這個句子如果變為下面的句子就更加簡練：
Whenever anyone called for help, Jim was always the first to lend his help.
這個句子即是「簡練的」，又是「簡短」的。在這里，這二者就一致起來了。
2、要避免不必要的重復
重復有時是修辭的需要，但是，不必要的重復往往會造成言語累贅，表達無力。語法為我們提供了避免重復的手段，這重要是省略和替代。一般原則是，在能充分表意的前提下，能省略的就應省略，能替代的就應替代。省略和替代不僅能夠避免不必要的重復，而且可使主要的思想內容得到應有的突出。反之，如果該省略而不省略，該替代而不替代，反而會沖淡主要的內容，贊成煩冗無力的表達。如：
My father planned (all these houses) and my brother built all these houses.
Brian can (do the work well) and (he) should do the work well, but he won』t (do the work well).
Mary is going to sweep the floor though Alice won』t (sweep the floor).
以上各句中括弧內為省略的部分。第一句中，省略了all these houses, 便突出了planned; 第二句省略了do the work well和he，突出了can, should和won』t; 同樣地，第三句省略了sweep the floor, 便強調了Alice won』t。
再如：
Here is a white silk blouse and a pink one. (one替代silk blouse)
He said he would tell me the news, but he didn』t do so. (do so替代tell me the news)
We are told that he will come back tonight, and if so our meeting will be held tomorrow. (if so替代if he comes back tonight)
在上述第一句中，用了名詞替代詞one, 不僅避免了silk blouse的重復，而且使pink的意義突出起來；第二句用do so替代tell me the news, 突出了didn』t 的意義；第三句用if so替代if he comes back tonight, 突出了其後主句的含義。
3、要避免拖沓現象
句尾是傳遞最重要信息的位置。因此，通常不宜在句尾附加過多的補敘。如果在句尾加上長串的並不重要的細節，往往會出現拖沓現象。「拖沓句」也是累贅的一種表現。如：
It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000, when I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly amn came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. The man was badly hurt and he fell with a cry. The car didn』t stop but drove off at great speed which was heading west. I noticed the driver wa a young woman who pretended not to be noticing all of this and the plate number was AC 864. About two minutes later I stopped a car which was passing near here and took the old man to the nearest hospital where the old man could be taken good care of.
在這篇短文中，似乎用了太多的定語從句，從而使讀者的視線容易因為讀這些長句子而轉移對整個交通事故的描述。如若改成下面的短文，就會顯得簡潔明了。
I was walking along Park Road towards the east on the morning of February 8, 2000 when an elderly man came out of the park on the other sde of the street. Then a yellow car drove up Third Street and made a right trun into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn』t stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the dirver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital where he was taken good care of.
這樣整篇短文中含有一個定語從句，兩個並列句，一個時間狀語從句，一個賓語從句，一個分詞結構，四個並列謂語，調整了主要信息的位置，刪除了多餘的詞，主句和從句的次序進行了調換，使句式錯落有致、重點突出。
四、句式多樣，靈活交替
修辭的另一個要求是，言語要生動活潑，形式，最忌單調乏味，平淡無奇。避免單調可以通過各種不同的手段來實現。從語法角度看，多種句式的靈活交替是達到生動活潑，避免單調的重要方法。寫一篇文，講一段話，如果通篇用的都是簡單句或者通篇都是很長很長的復雜句，往往會給人以句式單調的感覺。如下面一篇短文：
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian, Liaoning province in February 1977. I started school in 1984 at 7. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. After that I went to No. 62 Middle school of Dalian and graated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.I like English and computer best. I am very good at them. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favourite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.
上面的短文是對自己作的一個簡介，內容很全面，但句式太單調，不活潑不生動，給人一種平淡之感。如果將這篇短文的句式進行調整，充分運用分詞結構，使句式靈活多樣，本短文將會變得活潑，讀起來朗朗上口。修改如下：
My name is Li Hua and I was born in Dalian, Liaoning province in February 1977. In 1984 when I was seven years old, I started school. From 1984 to 1990 I studied in Guangming Primary School. And after that I went to No. 62 Middle School of Dalian, where I graated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. I like best English and compuer which I am very good at. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time, what I enjoy doing is listening to music, collecting stamps, swimming and skakting, of which I love swimming and skating most.
修改過的短文包括一個並列句，五個定語從句，一個分裂句，同時在上下文的銜接上注意了關聯詞的運用，從而使整個短文句式靈活多變，思路清晰，讀起來朗朗上口。
E. 求一篇英語小短文帶翻譯帶語法
1.Yesterday was my birthday, so some of my classmates sent me presents. Mother prepared a tea party for me. I invited all of them to come and take part in it.The tea party began at half past six. There were cold drinks and refreshments. We ate, talked and laughed. We felt that we were the happiest men in the world
昨天是我生日，所以有幾位我的同班同學送我禮。母親給我准備一個茶會。我邀請他們都前來參加。茶會下午六點半開始。有冷飲和點心。我們又吃又談又笑。我們覺得是世界上最快樂的人。。
2.I like the Chinese new year better than any other festival. This is a time especially for rest and joy. I need not study. I wear good clothes and eat good food. I have a good time from morning till night. I am as happy as a king.
我喜歡中國新年比喜歡其它任何節日更甚。這是一個專為休息和歡樂的時間。我不需要讀書。我穿好衣服，吃好東西。我每天從早到晚日子過得輕松愉快。我和上帝一樣快樂。
3.No sooner had the witer vacation begun than I returned to my native town. Of course I
must make good use of it;.In the morning I reviewed my lessons and read newspapers or magazines. In the afternoon I played ball games with my friends or went fishing in the river. At night I watched television with my family. hardly had the clock on the wall struck ten when I went to bed.
寒假剛一開始，我就回故鄉了。自然我須好好利用它。 早晨我復習功課並閱讀報紙或雜志。下午我和朋友打球，或去河中釣魚。晚上我就和家人看看電視。牆上的鍾剛敲十下，我就去睡覺了。
4.I live very happily today! In the morning, it is very fine! Then I climb the mountain with family, the air on the mountain is very fresh, the flowers plants and trees on the mountain all seem extremely beautiful. Coming back home in the evening, family and I sat and watched TV together, we are returning and eating the fruit while chatting, the whole family is happy and harmonious!
今天我過得非常開心！早上，天氣非常好！於是我和家人一起去登山，山上的空氣非常清新，山上的花草樹木都顯得格外美麗。晚上回到家，我與家人坐在一起看電視，我們還一邊聊天一邊吃著水果，全家其樂融融！
my trip to japan (日本之旅）
Japan was fun. It was very cool and windy. We flew kites in the park. I bought a watch there. I wanted to buy more, but I didn't have money. The gardens there were beautiful. I very liked the gardens . The japan department stores were too big. I couldn't find Mom. The food was delicious. We ate a lot of fish。 I also liked the vegetables and cake there. I hope I can go to Japan one more time.
日本是一個非常有趣的國家.在那裡有涼爽的空氣和很強的風。我在那裡的公園玩風箏。那裡的花園很美麗。我十分喜歡那花園。日本的百貨商店很大間。我找不到媽媽.食物是美味的。那裡的食物很美味。我們在吃了很多的魚。我也愛吃那裡的蛋糕和蔬菜。我希望下次可以再到日本去。
我的家鄉（my hometown ）
I hometown is at ShenZhen.i born at there.My hometown is a beautiful place.Everyday we can see the farmers wake up early go to farm working , the bird is singing。Every everning i and my brother will playing the toy in front of my home.we can see my student cycle the bicycle go to school when school day. i like my hometown .
我的家鄉在四川。我在那裡出身。我的家鄉是一個很派哦量的地方。我們可以看到農夫們很早就起身到菜園里，小鳥們在歌唱。每個下午我和我弟弟會在我家面前玩玩具。我們可以看到學生們起著腳踏車上學去。我非常的喜歡我的家鄉。
visiting the museum(參觀博物館）
I bring Ann visit museum last Sunday . she was surprised to see many old things , and she was interested in the King』s hat . She wanted to buy one. I told her it wasn 』t buy . Ann kept asking me other thinges.
When she saw a thing with three legs and a strange top , she stopped to point at in and asked me , 「 What is that ? 」 「 It is a cup . 」 I told her .
We had a good time in the museum
上個星級日我帶Ann 參觀博物館。她驚奇看見許多很老的古董，並且她對國王的帽子很感興趣。她想要購買一個。我告訴她不能買的。Ann保持向我問其它的古董。當她看見一件東西有三條腿和一奇怪的頂端時，她停下來在問我，「那時什麼？」我告訴他那是杯子。
我們在博物館中度過快樂的時光
Fox and cock
One morning a fox sees a cock.He
think,"This is my breakfast.''
He comes up to the cock and says,"I know
you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?''The
cock is glad.He closes his eyes and begins
to sing.The fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away.
The people in the field see the fox.They cry,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.''The cock says to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.''
The fox opens his mouth ang says,"The cock is mine,not yours.''Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree.
狐狸和公雞
一天早上，一隻狐狸看到了一隻公雞。他想：這是我的早餐。
他朝公雞走來，對他說：「我知道，你能唱得非常好聽，你能唱給我聽么？」公雞很高興。他閉上眼睛開始唱歌。狐狸看到這些抓住它放到自己的嘴裡走了。
在田地里的人們看到了狐狸。大喊大叫：「看，看！狐狸抓住公雞逃走了。」公雞對狐狸說：「狐狸先生，你能理解么？人們認為你叼走了公雞。告訴他們這是你的，不是他們的。」
狐狸張開她的嘴說：「公雞是我的，不是你們的。」就在那時，。公雞跑到了樹底下。
1。Today and friends of foreign travel, outside air is very good, people feel very comfortable. We all appreciate the fine girls bicycles. We enjoyed the beautiful nature brought. We happily spent a happy day. 今天和朋友一起出外交遊，外面的空氣很好，人感覺很舒服。我們騎著自行車一路欣賞鳥語花香。享受著大自然帶給我們的無限美好。大家開開心心地度過了愉快的一天。
2。Today Mailehaoo clothes, and parents take to the streets is happy, the parents have to pay to buy things. Unlike in their street to buy things they like to take a long time but saw the price, Ha-ha, is really very happy. I love my parents, I too thank them for the care and love. `` 今天買了好多衣服，和父母上街就是愉快，買東西有父母幫付錢。不像平時自己上街買東西碰到喜歡的但看了價錢都要考慮好久，呵呵，真的是很開心。我愛我的父母，太感謝他們對我的關心和愛戴了。
F. 求一篇英語語法論文
用情景教學法教語法(XX中學個案研究)[英語論文]
Teaching Grammar with Situational Approach
Content
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 The Understanding of Situational Language Teaching Method 1
1.1.1 The definition of situational language teaching method 1
1.1.2 The advantages of situational language teaching method 2
1.2 The Status of English Grammar Teaching in Rural Area 3
1.2.1 The problems of grammar teaching in rural middle school 3
1.2.2 The possible reasons for the problems 4
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Theoretical Background 5
2.1.1 J. R. Firth and M. K. Halliday』s theory 5
2.1.2 Pittman』s theory 5
2.2 Review of the Literature 6
2.2.1 The views conception visual and active teaching 6
2.2.2 The views of the improvement of communicative ability 7
3 METHODOLOGY 9
3.1 The Research Method 9
3.2 The Research Subjects 9
3.3 Instruments and the Data Collection Procere 10
3.3.1 Classroom observation 10
3.3.2 Grammar test 10
4 DISCUSSION 12
4.1 The Comparison of the Grammar Scores 12
4.2 The Analysis of the Data 14
4.2.1 Students』 learning interests and motivation 14
4.2.2 Students』 classroom interaction and behavior 16
4.3 The Comparison of the Two Teaching Plans 17
4.4 Suggestions to the Grammar Teaching 18
5 CONCLUSION 19
5.1 Implication 19
5.2 Limitation 20
REFERENCES 21
APPENDICES 23
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 28
G. 英語小短文及語法點
網路一下啊
H. 幫忙修改一篇英語文章、重點修改語法，我語法爛、萬分感謝啊！緊急！
Good morning! Ladies and Gentlemen, I』 very glad to stand here and give you a short report.
My name is Yu Zhangbin, I am from Shaoxing , I graated from the Jishan middle school .I am pleasure to come to this university.
Recently, the Sino-Japanese [sainəu] relations is not optimistic. As we all know, the issue of the Diaoyu Islands is the key . In the history , the Diaoyu islands is the inherent territory of China . The Diaoyu islands belongs to China. But Japan deceive himself as well as others. The Japanese government deceive their people that the Diaoyu islands belongs to Japan, which causes contradiction between the Sino-Japanese people . The behavior which the Japanese government ignore history have resulted in the world peace-loving people's anger and condemnation .
So I think the Japanese government Should correct their statement as soon as possible. They should try their best to improve the relations between the two countries.
Remember, World peace is the most precious wealth today.
That is all, thank you!
I. 翻譯一篇英語文章（好的加分，語法等等方面不要出錯）
Edison for natural science is the earliest interest in chemistry. At the age of 10 fond of chemistry. He collected a hundred to a bottle, and save every penny to buy chemicals into the bottle. 11 years old, he tested his first telegram. In order to make money buying equipment and chemicals, he began to work. At the age of 12, he trains to sell newspaper work, XiuLun in PortHuron) and Hong Kong (Detroit Michigan Detroit (between). His side, and do newsmen also bring colors fruits, vegetables and business, as long as he went free library to do some reading. In 1861 the American civil war broke out, just 14 years Edison he bought an old printer, use the convenience, train a tabloid newspaper the herald (weekly) - ", to transfer news, scores and along the first issue of the magazine is in the train. He alone concurrently reporter, editing and proofreading, printing, typographical, issue of work. Tabloid, he also welcome from nervous job growth ability, knowledge and experience, but also to make a lot of money to continue chemical experiment. He earns money in the luggage cart to establish a chemistry lab. But unfortunately, once he does the experiment on the train, train, a sudden turbulence in wood, phosphorus. The conctor to extinguish the flame, also ruthlessly gave him a box on the ear, dozen deaf, he was in his ear, then cast off the train until Edison 16 years old. (another story is: unfortunately, a chemical fire him along with his equipment all thrown out. In addition, once when Edison is boarded a freight train, a conctor caught his ears to help him get on the bus. This action resulted in Edison became lifelong deaf.
Setbacks didn't make Edison frustrated, he lost the telegraph, through repeated in 1868, he invented a automatic power recorder, this is his first invention. Then again he invented the telegraph type two kinds. In 1877, he invented TanJing telephone transmitter, make the original phone voice more clear. In addition, he also invented the phonograph.
1878 September 31, Edison started research electric light. When gaslight replaced kerosene lamps, but already, and flickering flames in extinguishing proce harmful gases, After has invented, and in public places, but e to the use of combustion hissed and light shoulds not be too bright, used for indoor. Many scientists in Europe have to make a new kind of stability.
Edison announced after he studied can be invented after a satisfactory light, but need money. He has a patent for invention 170 people, he brought to the invention of the capitalist profit, so a consortium would offer him. Through thousands of failures in 1879, April he improved the previous bar and tubular lamp, make a glass sphere; On October 21, 1879, he put a fixed in the thread carbon processing glass, the air bubble inside, sealing side, the current, its light, a new kind of lighting content.
Edison died on October 18, 1931, died at the age of 84. Yet so far no one can break his invention patent 1099 holds a record, people say he is the king of the invention.