A. 初三英語語法總結
沒什麼難的地方.
1.不定代詞（some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的區別與聯系）
A復合不定代詞12個
Bsome any的用法
2.時態
A一般現在、過去、將來時
B現在、過去完成時
C過去、現在、將來進行時
D現在完成進行時
3.賓語從句（3種）
4.定語從句（以that為主）
5.構詞法，主要詞綴（un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等）
6.主要縮寫
7.形容詞與副詞的比較級，最高級
A特殊變化與一般變化
B用法
8.動詞的種類
行為、情態、聯系、助動詞
9.句子的成分
主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語
10.簡單句5大基本句型（順便掌握及物與不及物動詞的區別）
11.動詞不定式
A基本結構（to+動詞原型，否定式為not to+動詞原型）
B用法
C疑問詞+不定式
12.被動語態
A主動與被動的概念
B構成
C情態動詞被動語態
13.虛擬語氣（以「現在不可能發生」為主）
結構為If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意從句裡面be用were
14.雙賓語
15.情態動詞
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
特別注意掌握情態動詞表推測
16.直接引語，間接引語
注意指示代詞、時間與地點詞、動詞轉換的情況
注意不轉換的情況
注意主從一致
17.狀語從句（特別是IF ，WHEN和UNTIL）
注意主句一般將來時，從句用一般現在表將來。
18.名詞
A專有名詞與普通名詞
B可數與不可數
C可數名詞單數與復數
D所有格
19.代詞
A人稱代詞
B物主代詞
C指示代詞
20.數詞
A基數詞
B序數詞
21.動詞縮略形式
22.介詞
A時間介詞
B地點介詞
C其他
23.冠詞
24.分詞
A現在與過去分詞
B現在分詞做主語等
C分詞做定語
25.倒裝
A so+動詞+主語
B部分倒裝
26.特殊
A季節，星期，月份，年份讀法
B報時
C動詞+介詞，動詞+副詞的各種特殊意義
D其他（如7大洲，4大洋，撲克花色，電影.音樂的類型，國家與首都等）
{你是老師就很容易看懂上面這些了，如果是學生.那就去查查語法書吧.}
B. 初三年級應該掌握的英語語法
1、被動語態
2、定語從句
3、狀語從句
4、直接引語與間接引語
5、賓語從句
C. 初三英語重點短語和語法
自己整理！！！！
D. 初三英文語法（要最詳細的~）
初三語法講義
一．動詞（一）名詞
名詞分類：可數名詞，不可數名詞可數名詞變復數
1． 在名詞詞尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x結尾的名詞，加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o結尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以輔音字母加y結尾的，去掉y，加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe結尾的，去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改變形式的復數
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.單數復數形式一樣
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊詞彙的復數
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可數名詞沒有數的概念
名詞所有格
1．一般情況』s
2．表示時間、距離、城市、國家
today』s paper at arms』 length a mile』s journey
Beijing』s weather China』s economy
3．of表示所有格 4．雙重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
（二）代詞
人稱代詞 人稱 單數 復數 主格 賓格
第一人稱
I me we us
第二人稱
you you you you
第三人稱
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代詞
單數復數第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名詞性物主代詞
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代詞人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
復數ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代詞each other/one another
不定代詞another/other/others
（三）數詞
基數詞
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正確數詞+hundred 正確
Hundred of 錯誤數詞+hundreds 錯誤數詞+hundreds of 錯誤
序數詞First second third fourth….
分數1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
（四）冠詞不定冠詞
例句用於可數名詞單數形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示「一」的數量，但沒有one強烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用於固定片語中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠詞
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
雙方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提過的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
獨一無二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序數詞和形容詞最高級前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名詞構成的專有名詞前
The Great Wall
習慣用語
In the morning
On the left
零冠詞
用法
例句
專有名詞和不可數名詞前
China
名詞已經有定語this, that, my, your, some, any等
That letter is in her bag.
復數名詞表示一類人或物
My father and mother are teachers.
星期、月份、季節、節日前
It is Sunday today.
稱呼前
What colour are Mrs. Green』s shoes?
三餐和球類運動前
He went to school before breakfast this morning.
（五）介詞
多數考察為固定搭配，需要死記硬背
（六）形容詞與副詞
規則變化
構成方法
原級
比較級
最高級
單音節和少數雙音 節詞
一般在詞尾加-er/est
Cold
Strong
Fast
slow
Colder
Stronger
Faster
slower
Coldest
Strongest
Fastest
slowest
以字母e結尾的形容詞，在詞尾加-r/-st
Nice
large
Nicer
larger
Nicest
largest
重讀閉音節詞只有一個輔音字母時雙寫輔音字母，加-er/-est
Big
Thin
hot
Bigger
Thinner
hotter
Biggest
Thinnest
hottest
以輔音字母+y結尾的雙音節詞改y為i加-er/est
Easy
happy
Easier
happier
Easiest
happiest
部分雙音節詞
在詞前面加more/most
Delicious
Interesting
Easily
Carefully
More Delicious
More Interesting
More Easily
More Carefully
Most Delicious
Most Interesting
Most Easily
Most Carefully
不規則變化
原級
比較級
最高級
Good/well
Bad/badly/ill
Many/much
Little
far
Better
Worse
more
Less
Father
further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
furthest
形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的用法
級
用法
例句
比較級
表示兩者的比較
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.
最高級
表示三者或者三者以上的比較
Whose drawing is the best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
同級比較
I think science is as important as maths.
It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.
二．動詞
（一） 時態
1．一般現在時
三單變形
情況
變化規則
例詞
一般情況
加-s
come, comes; learn, learns
以o,s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞
加-es
pass, passes; do, does
以輔音加y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
fly, flies; cry, cries
2.現在進行時
現在分詞構成方法
情況及變化
例詞
一般情況，在動詞原形後加-ing
go, going; see, seeing
以不發音的e結尾的動詞去掉e加-ing
take, taking; live, living
以重讀閉音節結尾的詞，如果詞尾只有一個輔音字母，先把詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加-ing
plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting
以ie結尾的詞變ie為y加-ing
die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying
以ye和oe結尾的詞，直接加-ing
eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing
3.一般將來時
shall
will
be going to
4一般過去時
規則動詞過去構成
構成規則
原形
過去式
一般動詞在尾加-ed
look
play
start
looked
played
stared
結尾是e的動詞加-d
live
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節，雙寫輔音字母，加-ed
stop
plan
trip
stopped
planned
tripped
結尾是輔音字母+y的動詞，變y為i加-ed
study
carry
worry
studied
carried
worried
詞尾 –ed的讀音
讀音
例詞
濁輔音和母音後
/d/
called borrowed
moved enjoyed
welcomed answered
清輔音後
/t/
finished helped
passed cooked
在t, d後面
/id/
wanted shouted
needed counted
5．過去進行時
was/were+現在分詞
6．現在完成時
have/has+過去分詞
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到現在，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去發生的事情而不用一般過去時，特點：不用延續動詞，不加段時間狀語
構成
7．過去完成時
時間軸：
--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à
A B C
過去的過去 過去 現在
（過去完成時態）
用法一：表示從過去發生一直到過去一時間，特點：用延續動詞，加段時間狀語
用法二：表示過去的過去發生的事情
8．過去將來時
不是考試的重點
（二） 被動語態
使用情況：不知道誰是主語
不強調主語
用來表示客觀的表達
構成：助動詞be+過去分詞
有些動詞主動語態中省略了不定式在變為被動語態時要講TO補充出來（非謂語動詞重點講解）
（三） 情態動詞
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
dare/need
dare
肯定
否定
情態動詞
dare do
dare not do
實意動詞
dare/dares to do
do/does not dare to do
need
肯定
否定
情態動詞
need do
need not do
實意動詞
need / need s to do
do/does not need to do
may/can
may表示許可
can 表示自身能力
can/be able to區別
a) Can只有現在和過去兩個時態，be able to可以是任何時態
b) Can 不強調結果一定成功，be able to暗示結果一定成功
must表示必須，否定用needn』t
mustn』t表示禁止
（四） 非謂語動詞
1． 不定式to do
否定不定式為not to do
可以省略不定式to的詞
let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to
注意：在以上詞出現在被動句中時要將to補充出來
2． 現在分詞與過去分詞
flying bird可以表達成the bird is flying.
broken arm可以表達成 the arm is broken
現在分詞強調過程，過去分詞強調結果
falling leaf/fallen leaf
boiling water/boiled water
3.動詞後加動詞的不同形式
(1)、加to doing
devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing
(2)、加to do
afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish
(3)、加doing
admit/appreciate/avoid/can』t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up
(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有區別的
forget/remember/stop
(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有區別的
see/notice/hear
三．簡單句
（一） 反意疑問句
反意疑問句
反意疑問句用來表示提問者有一定的主見，但是沒有把握，希望對方來證實。
The weather here is very cold, isn』t it? Yes, it is.
You』re from Australia, aren』t you? yes, I am.
對反意疑問句回答，不管問題的提法如何，事實是肯定的就用肯定回答，否定的就要用否定的回答。
He isn』t going to the meeting, is he?
Yes, he is. 不，他要去的
No, he isn』t. 對，他不去
反意疑問句通常由一個陳述句和一個疑問句組成。當陳述句為肯定時，疑問句為否定；當陳述句為否定時，疑問句為肯定。但是以下幾個要注意：
1. 陳述部分主語 I, 疑問部分要用aren』t I
I am as tall as your sister, aren』t I ?
2. 陳述部分謂語是wish, 疑問部分要用may+主語
I wish to have a word with you, may I ?
3. 陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定。
The Swede made no answer, did he?
4.有ought to的，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn』t/oughtn』t+主語
He ought to know what to do, oughtn』t he?
5. 陳述部分有have to疑問部分用don』t+主語
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don』t we?
6．陳述部分謂語是used to，疑問部分用didn』t+主語或者didn』t+主語
He used to take pictures there, didn』t he?
7．陳述部分有had better疑問句用hadn』t you?
You』d better read it by yourself, hadn』t you?
8.陳述部分有would rather疑問句用wouldn』t +主語
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn』t he?
9．陳述部分有．陳述部分有you』d like to疑問部分用wouldn』t+主語
You』d like to go with me, wouldn』t you?
10．感嘆句中，疑問部分用謂語+主語
What colours, aren』t they?
what a smell, isn』t it?
11陳述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑問部分根據實際邏輯意義而定
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
12． 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或者不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this疑問部分主語it
Everything is ready, isn』t it?
13.陳述部分為主語從句，疑問部分要根據情況而定
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn』t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
I don』t think he is bright, is he?
14陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑問部分常用復數they
Everyone knows the answer, don』t they?
15.省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you
don』t do that again, will you?
16.陳述部分是there be結構，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞
There is something wrong with your watch, isn』t here?
17．否定前綴不能視為否定詞
it is impossible, isn』t it?
18．Must表示推測時，根據其推測情況來確定
He must be there now, isn』t he?
（二）感嘆句
How cold it is today!
What a good idea!
（三）祈使句
肯定類型
Be careful!
Come in, please.
Let me have a look.
否定類型
Don』t be lazy.
Don』t throw the ball like that.
Let him not go there./ Don』t let her go there
四．復合句
（一） 定語從句
We all like Old Fish that is handsome.
先行詞 關系詞
關系代詞： which, who, whom, whose, that
關系副詞：when, why, where
1．先行詞指人，用who/whom
（1）who可以做主語、賓語、或者表語，但who之前不能有介詞
（2）whom只能做賓語或者表語，但在all of/many of加先行詞時後只能加whom
注意：who.whom做賓語可以省略
2．先行詞為物，用which
（1）which可以代單詞
（2）which可以代短語
（3）which可以代句子
3．that與which區別
（1）只能用that情況
先行詞有人有物
先行詞為 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc
先行詞為不定代詞
先行詞前修飾詞為 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last
（2）只能用which情況
非限定性定語從句
關系詞前有介詞
4．whose表示所屬關系
（1）whose後加名詞
（2）可以代人可以代物
（3）先行詞加whose加名詞=先行詞加名詞 of which結構
介詞+關系代詞=關系副詞
關系代詞後加不完整句
關系副詞/介詞+關系代詞後加完整句
主系表： 主系表都有， 完整句
主系表缺一個，不完整句
主謂賓：謂語動詞為及物動詞：主謂賓都有，完整句
主謂賓缺一個，不完整句
謂語動詞為不及物動詞： 主+動詞+介詞+賓語，完整句
主+動詞，完整句
主+動詞+介詞，不完整句
（二） 狀語從句
時間狀語從句：when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….
地點狀語從句: where, wherever
條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….
原因狀語從句：because, since, as, now that
結果狀語從句：so, so that, so…that, such…that
讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever
目的狀語從句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
比較狀語從句：than, as…as, so…as
五．主謂一致
就近原則
or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also
就前原則
as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except
集體名詞的主謂一致
people, cattle, youth, police+復數謂語
machinery, equipment, furniture+單數謂語
audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可單可復
時間、地點等數量概念的主謂一致
謂語用單數
Ten miles is a long way to go.
a of b結構中的主謂一致
按照A來確定謂語
a pair of trousers is enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough.
以S結尾的主謂一直問題：地理名詞、群島山脈等風景、學科名詞
國家加單數謂語： the United States
地理名詞，群島山脈等風景加復數謂語： the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England
學科名詞加單數謂語： politics, economics
六．習慣用語
七．固定搭配
八．介詞搭配
（一） 介詞＋名詞
against one』s will
at a loss
at one time
at home
at the same time
at work
at night
beside the point
by chance
by the way
by the end of
by all means
for the time being
for the sake of
from beginning to end
from time to time
in the end
in surprise
in trouble
in the street
in English
in a word
in the meantime
in vain
in need
in half
in no time
in a low voice
in the least
in public
in life
in a minute
in the eyes of
in time
in sight of
in place of
in detail
in a hurry
in any case
in case
in charge of
in bed
in addition to
in the course of
in particular
in time of
in return
in spite of
in reply to
in memory of
in honour of
in fear of
influence on
off hand
on guard against
on the ground
on the radio
on the way
on the right
on purpose
on strike
on account of
on sale
on the air
on time
out of work
out of order
on behalf of
on watch
on the whole
on show
on day
out of sight
out of repair
out of place
out of practice
out of date
out of breath
over the radio
to this day
thousands of
on the one hand, on the other hand
（二）形容詞＋介詞
absent from
aware of
apart from
according to
anxious for
angry at
afraid of
busy with
careful of
cruel to
e to
different from
equal to
be familiar to sb
be familiar with sth
be famous for
far from
fond of
full of
fussy about
grateful for
good at
hard on
interested in
instead of
kind to
keen on
late for
opposite to
once for all
polite to
proude of
ready for
responsible for
short of
sorry for
strict with
thankful to
wrong with
（三）動詞＋介詞
act on
answer for
agree to
agree with
agree on
arrive at
aim at
ask after
ask for
borrow from
believe in
belong to
break into
beat down on
begin at
base on
consist of
congratulate on
come to an end
compare with
compare to
care for
change for
change from to
clear up
catch up with
come across
come into
call up
call for
catch hold of
call on
depend on
do away with
disagree with
die of
die from
die for
devote to
engaged in
end with
fit in with
fail in
find out
give up
get over
get on
get on
get in touch with
get ready for
get in
go in for
grow up
give in
give lessons to
get up
go on
go all out
go through
go over
go down
go on with
go without
hand in
have nothing to do with
have something to do with
have a look at
head for
help with
have a word with
have words with
hope for
introce to
be inspired by
insist on
interfere with
join in
keep on
knock at
keep up with
long for
look up to
look up
learn by heart
leave for
look for
lie in
live on
laugh at
look down upon
look forward to
look through
meet with
make up one』s mind
make friends with
make room for
owe to
operate on
pay attention to
play with
put up
put off
point out
put up with
prevent from
persist in
put into practice
run out of
reply to
recover from
rely on
rob of
run over
result from
result in
set an example to
set about
set out
succeed in
speak of
supply with
share in
share with
settle in
see through
send for
stand by
stand for
stop from
spend on
show around
talk about
tide over
turn against
turn into
turn to
think of
think about
take care of
take off
turn out
turn round
turn up
take part in
to begin with
wait for
watch out for
write to
wake up
watch over
（四）過去分詞＋介詞
be absorbed in
be burdened with
be connected with
be covered with
be crowded with
be dressed in
be engaged to
be equipped with
be experienced in
be filed with
be furnished with
be interested in
be joined to
be known as
be known for
be made into
be made up of
be married to
be pleased with
be prepared for
be regarded as
be satisfied with
be ashamed of
be tired of
be terrified at
（五）動詞＋名詞＋介詞
apply ones』 mind to
catch sight of
do harm to
do wrong to
feel pity for
fix one』s eyes on
form the habit of
get a good hold of
give advice on
have none of
have trust in
have difficulty in
have trouble in
have effect on
have mercy on
have the honour of
keep a record of
make fun of
make best use of
make an apology
make one』s way to
make preparations for
make a mistake about
pass a judgment on
set fire to
put one』s heart and soul into
shake hands with
take aim at
take the side of
throw light on
take pride in
take delight in
take a message for
（六）動詞＋副詞＋介詞
add up to
break away from
be up to
cut down on
come up to
do well in
drop in on
face up to
fit in with
fall back on
get though with
get down to
get along with
go out of
go on with
go back on
go out of
go in for
grow out of
go ahead with
keep away from
keep up with
live up to
make up for
make up with
make out of
think highly of
watch out for
work hard at
（七）動詞＋介詞＋名詞
arrive at a conclusion
burst into pieces
burst into tears
burst into laughter
come to the rescue
come into use
come into power
come into effect
come into light
come to a conclusion
get in a word
set to work take on a new look
E. 初三英語語法總結，能有多詳細就有多詳細
句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語
1、主語：
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、
動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的,主語是句子陳述的對象,說明是誰或什麼,表示句子說的是「什麼人」,或」什麼事「,如「我寫字」中的「我」,做出
寫字這個動作.「寫」則是謂語,「字」是賓語,是接受謂語「寫」這個動作的對象,因此是賓語.如：The painter painted a very
nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫.) / They fought against SARS bravely.
(他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥.) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is
to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類.)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之
後.如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long
journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了.) / Eating too much is bad for your
health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)
(吃得太多對你的身體不利.)（比較好看,避免頭重腳輕）
(3)口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼.)/ (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系.) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你.)
(4)
反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：The man looks worried, doesn』t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎?) /
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主
語.加主語時往往用來指定某個人.Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔.)
(省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來.)
(6)
主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後.如：Computers are made in
this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠.) / Where are they? (他們在哪兒?) / Does the boy
like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎?)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致,
而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求.Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.
(Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試.) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave
people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族.)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」.
2、謂語：是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明,指出「做什麼」,「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」,在主語後接賓語,又稱受詞,是一個動作的接受者.
(1)由「不及物動詞」、「及物動詞+賓語」或「系動詞+表語」等構成,說明主語所表示的人物「干什麼」或「怎麼樣」.如：
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行.) / Who teaches
you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / The pizza has gone bad.
(那塊烤餡餅已經變壞.) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成：［情態動詞］+［時
態助動詞］（現在完成時）+［語態助動詞］（如被動語態）+［主要動詞］(不一定全部出現).(見動詞的時態和語態構成表)記住：謂語部分第一個動詞往
往是變形動詞.如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to.
(對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣.) / He can』t have finished reading the
800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說.) / Something must be done to
stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該採取措施防止禽流感蔓延.)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用「行為動詞1 + 原形動詞」、「be + 原形動詞」.
記住使用下列正確形式：
①情態動詞+原形動詞.如：You』d better go over the lesson.（你最好復習這一課.）
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞.如：They should have been there once.（他們應該去過那兒.）
③be+
現在分詞或者過去分詞.如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什麼?）---表示一般將來時/ Many
trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐.）
④have+過去分詞.如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般時問句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動詞.如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過的不好.）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎?）
⑥
行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式).如：He made up his mind to be a
vet.（他拿定主意要做個獸醫.）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling
good about life.（自尊自愛是享受生活的根本.）/ They wake up the other family members,
calling,「Merry Christmas!」（他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：聖誕快樂!）/ The kings of ancient
Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓.）
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞.
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式：單數形式的動詞有：is,was,has,does以及「動詞+s」；復數形式的動詞有：are,were,have以及動詞原形.其他動詞不分單、復數.
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式\x09單數形式\x09復數形式
一般現在時be(是)動詞；
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be\x09am (單一); are (單二); is (單三); \x09are
一般過去時be(是)動詞；
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be\x09was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三)\x09were
一般現在時have(有)動詞；
現在完成時態的助動詞have\x09have (單一); have (單二); has (單三);\x09have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do\x09do (單一、單二); does (單三)\x09do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞（否定和疑問句除外）\x09原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三)\x09原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞\x09單復數形式相同
記住：主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致.（參見「4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題：」） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的.)
(6)
一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用「是」動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形).如：The
Olympic Games is held every other year, isn』t it? ----Yes, it
is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎?----是的.)
3、賓語：又稱受詞,是指一個動作（動詞）的接受者.賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語兩大類,
其中直接賓語（經常指被做的人）指動作的直接對象,間接賓語說明動作的非直接,但受動作影響的對象.一般而言,及物動詞後面最少要有一個賓語,而該賓語通
常為直接賓語,有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語,則這兩個賓語通常一個為直接賓語,另一個為間接賓語.
(1)
由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是「誰」或者是「何物」.如： The angel also
came to Joseph and told him the same
thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前並且告訴他同樣的事情.)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the
company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢.)
(不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often
forget their lessons. (他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課.) (動名詞作賓語) / I think to be
a children』s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的.) (從句作賓語)
(2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後面加合適的介詞.Listen to the
radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to.) / Can you hear anything
exciting?(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎?)
(3)
賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首.介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首.
如：What did he see? (他看見了什麼?) / What does he write a letter with?
(他用什麼寫的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什麼寫的信?)
(4)「動詞+副詞+賓
語」結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在「動」「副」之間.如：Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來.) /
Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來.) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來.)
(5) 動詞後面跟雙賓語時可以採用兩種結構：
①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物).如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我.)
②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語.注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏.)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在「動詞+賓語+賓補」結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後面去.如：I
found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做.) / I found it rather
difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見「賓語從句」.
4、表語：
(1)
說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當.如：He became a doctor after
he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生.) / The rubber wheels are over
there.(橡膠輪子在那邊.) / He does not feel like eating anything today because
he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒.) / Who is it?(誰呀?)
(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外.
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓.如：It』s I. (It』s me.)是我.
(4)
只能作表語的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等.He
was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚.) / Please make no
noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢.) / I am only interested
in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣.) / I am
not alone in thinking so.(並非只有我才這樣想的.)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見「表語從句」.
5、定語：
(1)
修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定
語的知識.如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里.) / France and Switzerland
are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家.) / His mother and father are both
college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師.) / This is the day that I can never forget
in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子.)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠詞/
物代\x09年齡/形狀/
大小/溫度\x09色彩\x09來源\x09質地/
材料\x09目的/
用途\x09被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
a
the
my
his
…\x09old,young,…\x09red,
yellow,
blue,
…\x09Chinese,
English,
American,
…\x09wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
…\x09meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
…\x09box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
\x09long,short,
round, square…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
\x09big, large,
small, little…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
\x09hot, cold,
warm, cool…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
(3)
時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作
定語時放在被修飾的名詞後面.如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all
along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒.)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時只能放在名詞的後面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的.)
(5) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,往往後置.如：He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情.)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句.
(7) 注意：由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分.
6、狀語：
(1)
說明動作「何時」、「何地」、「如何」發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當.如：I was not
born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃.）/ For many of these families a college
ecation was something new.（對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物.）/ He woke up to find
his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了.) / You cannot leave until your work is
finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2)
副詞作狀語位置較為靈活,詳見《六•2》「副詞在句子中的位置以及作用」；介詞短語作狀語,位置基本固定,詳見《七•4》「介詞短語在句子中的位置」；不
定式作狀語,一般表示目的、結果,詳見《八•7》「動詞的非謂語形式」；從句作狀語,詳見《主從復合句》的「狀語從句」.
(3)
多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、後短語,先地點、後時間,先小概念、後大概念.如：He went ouf of the room at a
quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the
dark.(他昨夜22點3刻從房間里出來,然後消失在黑暗之中.) /
(4) 狀語還可以用從句來充當,有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等.詳見「狀語從句」.
(5) 注意：由於狀語屬於修飾性的成分,常歸入謂語,因此不作為句子的主要成分.
7、賓語補足語：
(1)
補充說明賓語的動作、狀態的成分為賓語補足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當.如：Call
him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim.) / I tried my best to make him happy.
(我竭盡所能讓他開心.) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來.) / He let the
smaller animals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來.)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補足語.如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進來!)/ Please put it away. (請把它收起來.)
(3) 不定式或分詞作賓語補足語的情況 （略）
F. 初三英語語法
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈！
九年級英語復習---語法講解（1-7單元）
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。
否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化： 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：
二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下： 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什麼時態，全句就是什麼時態，be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如：我們學過的was / were born 生於，就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰，不用by＋動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
（2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
（3）作客觀說明時，常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是：（1）把原句中的賓語變為主語（2）動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞（3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by後面，如果沒必要，可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can』t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。
1．定語從句中that與who、which的區別
2．定語從句中關系詞的省略
典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析：指事物的先行詞前有序數詞修飾時，只能用關系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。
2. I don』t think history is as interesting as English.（改為同義詞）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是「我認為歷史不如英語有趣」。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改為同義句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：讀題後可知：上句含義是「戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽」，對應下句，可知空格處應填「戴」，故正確答案是in。
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which B．what C．who D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which B．what C．／ D．who
3. I』m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what B．which C．why D．that
Unit7
表達意願的幾個基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to b. I』d like to c. I』d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （對劃線部分提問）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中為副詞，go後面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞。
九年級英語復習---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
G. 初三英語語法要點有哪些請詳細點，謝謝！
展開全部
第1章
名詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
可數名詞的單數如何考查?
考點2
可數名詞復數要注意哪些用法?
考點3
運用不可數名詞要注意什麼?
考點4
名詞前如何加數量詞?
考點5
名詞所有格有哪些特別用法?
考點6
名詞充當不同的句子成分時要注意什麼?
考點7
易混名詞辨析
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第2章
代詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
如何判斷人稱代詞的「格」與「性別」?
考點2
多個人稱代詞並列使用時,如何排列順序?
考點3
代詞it有哪些特殊用法?
考點4
如何區分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞?
考點5
反身代詞有哪些固定片語?
考點6
指示代詞有哪些特殊用法?
考點7
such和the
same如何用作指示代詞?
考點8
如何區分wh0,whom,whose以及what和which?
考點9
區分幾組不定代詞
考點10
怎樣運用復合不定代詞?
考點11
如何運用關系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第3章
數詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
記憶基數詞有什麼規律?
考點2
記憶序數詞有什麼規律?
考點3
如何運用hundred,thousand,million,billion?
考點4
如何用英語表示分數?
考點6
序數詞前什麼時候不用the修飾?
考點7
如何表達時刻和日期?
考點8
「扎十歲」和「年代」怎麼表達?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第4章
冠詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
a,an如何區分?
考點2
不定冠詞a,an有哪些特殊用法?
考點3
如何區別a/an和one?
考點4
初中階段有哪些含有a/an的固定片語?
考點5
定冠詞the有哪些特殊用法?
考點6
初中階段有哪些含有the的固定短語?
考點7
什麼時候不用冠詞?
考點8
初中階段有哪些不加冠詞的固定短語?
考點9
某些片語,用不用冠詞,意思不同
考點10
冠詞在句中處於什麼位置?
考點11
如何用冠詞表示類別?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第5章
介詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
如何用at,in,on表示時間?
考點2
如何使用till/until和by表示間?
考點3
since和for有什麼區別?
考點4
表示一段時間的介詞有哪些?
考點5
地點介詞有什麼用法?
考點6
表示範圍的介詞in,Oil,to如巾區別使用?
考點7
表示方式的介詞有哪些?怎麼使用?
考點8
in和after,of和t0,except和besides有什麼區別?
考點9
初中階段有哪些介詞短語?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第6章
形容詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
形容詞可作主語或賓語嗎?
考點2
哪些形容詞只能用作表語?哪些只能作定語?
考點3
在哪些情況下形容詞作後置定語?
……
第7章
副詞
第8章
連詞
第9章
動詞分類
第10章
情態動詞及虛擬語氣
第11章
動詞時態及語態
第12章
非謂語動詞
第13章
簡單句
第14章
並列句和復合句
第15章
There
be
句型及直接引語
第16章
主謂一致
參考答案
後記
「不考語法的時代」如何學語法
H. 初三英語，語法知識，
1 選C 這題有for three weeks表一段時間，動詞必須是延續性的。而go away是瞬間動詞不能與一段專時間連用，所以改成延續屬性的be away, be的現在完成時是has been.所以選C
2. A。 只要延續性動詞可以與一段時間連用。這題只有be動詞表狀態，為延續性類，BCD的動詞都是短暫性的。
I. 求取：初三英語全部語法知識
. 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。
I don』t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
2. 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示』寧願某人做某事』
I』d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：
一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含義：她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含義：她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情態動詞 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (過去常常散步)
be used to + doing： 對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現在習慣於散步)
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It』s 69568442.
A. didn』t B. couldn』t C. don』t D. can』t
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看 出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。
4. 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。
will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在爭求意見時常用於第二人稱。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。
The play is going to be proced next month。
c. 有跡象要發生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
5. be going to / will
用於條件句時， be going to 表將來
will 表意願
If you are going to make a journey, you』d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)
I』m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)
7. 一般現在時表將來
1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在時間或條件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I』ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等後。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用於現在完成時的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時.
This is the best film that I』ve (ever) seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
This is the first time (that) I』ve heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it』s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用於完成時。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，從句要用完成時。
注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
（錯）I have received his letter for a month.
（對）I haven』t received his letter for almost a month.
12. 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.
(現在我仍在這里工作。)
小竅門： 當現在完成時+一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續動詞在完成時中的誤使。
1) (對) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (錯) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
13. since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段時間+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +從句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句
It is two years since I became a postgraate student.
被動語態的幾種類型
1）主語句中有一個賓語的被動語態，如：
He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2) 主語有兩個賓語的被動語態
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.
3）主動句中含賓語補足語的句子的被動語態
若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變為被動語態時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為
感官動詞：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
若賓語補足語是帶to的不定式，那麼被動語態仍保留to:
Mother told me not to be late
I was told not to be late by mother.
5）情態動詞+ be +過去分詞，構成被動語態。
Coal can be used to proce electricity for agriculture and instry.
6）表示"據說"或"相信" 的片語
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 據說
It is reported that… 據報道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 眾所周知
It is thought that… 大家認為
It is suggested that… 據建議
It is taken granted that… 被視為當然
It has been decided that… 大家決定
It must be remember that…務必記住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
14. 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I』ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn』t come back until ten o』clock.
他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o』clock.
他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don』t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。
2.---I』m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現
. 不定式作賓語
1) 動詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動詞+不定式 ； 動詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can』t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。
2. 不定式作補語
1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel ince inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 後可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最後加帶to 的動詞不定式。find後也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語後面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補足語作用。現在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動。
2) to + be 的不定式結構，作補語的動詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發明這一個事實，不定式後用原形即可。而C為現在完成時，發明為點動詞一般不用完成時，且此處也不強調對現在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認為這本書沒什麼意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn』t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那麼多人在哪裡。
注意 ： 有些動詞需用as 短語做補語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。
. 不定式作主語
1） It』s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It』s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It』s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It』s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們任何東西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動詞如，look，appear等也可用於此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時，動詞用單數形式。
3) 當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對)To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯)It is to believe to see.
4. It』s for sb.和 It』s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It』s very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It』s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞後面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應用for。)
3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）
祈使句往往是用來表示說話人的請求、命令、要求、建議，等等。祈使句的主語常被省略，因為這個主語很明確地是聽話人"you"。當然，有時為了強調或表示某種感情，句子也會帶上主語。
祈使句的謂語用動詞原形；它的否定形式是句首用Don't + 動詞原形，或是Not to + 動詞原形。例如：
Be quiet , please ! （大家）請安靜。
Stand up ! 起立！
Don't smoke in the office . 請不要在辦公室吸煙。
Don't be standing in the rain . 別站在雨里。
Not to be careless when you're driving a car . 開車時不要粗心大意。
4) 感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentence）
感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強烈的情緒。這類句子中，有很多是由What或How引起的。What 用來強調名詞，How則強調形容詞、副詞或動詞。這類句子的構成只需將所強調或是說，所感嘆的對象放到句首；句子無需倒裝，句子要用正常語序。 當然，如果不用這種句型，而句子（無論是那種句子）本身又表示了上述的種種情緒，那麼該句也就成了感嘆句。例如：
What a fine day it is today ! 今天天氣多好啊！
How fine it is today ! 今天天氣多好啊！
What a lovely son you have !你有個多可愛的兒子啊！
How lovely your son is ! 你的兒子多可愛
如果還有什麼不明白 請問我 隨時恭候 我英語今年高考可考了120多啊