㈠ 高一英語主要涉及到哪些語法
首先，我送你一個語法網站，看樣子你語法有待加強啊！！
被動語態
英語中的被動語態使用得比漢語要多，要普遍，許多課本乃至實際應用中都常常涉及到這個問題。一般說來，當強調動作承受者，不必說出執行者或含糊不清的執行者時，多用被動式。須注意的是，許多地方與漢語不同。注意那些漢語中沒有"被……"的意思，英語卻應該用被動態。還要注意，英語的被動態往往由"by"引出，而有用介詞"by"的短語往往又不是被動態，而是系表結構。還有些特殊現象，如：known to man(人類......所知)，on foot步行(美國人有時用by foot)，in carraige(乘四輪馬車)等等。還有假主動，真被動的十幾個常用詞的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等習慣用法。有關這類情況，做到心中有數對全面掌握被動態，准確無誤地解答習題非常關鍵，被動態必須涉及的是動詞的各種時態變化的問題。英語的時態本來很復雜，怎樣記住各自的被動形式呢? 首先要明確"將來進行無被動，現在完成進行
同"。這兩種時態無被動形式。
另外，不及物動詞帶有同源賓語的動詞，反身代詞的動詞和系動詞都無被動形式。即便如此，還有不定式，動名詞，分詞，以及它們的復合結構)的被動態，再加上情態動詞，助動詞以及它們的疑問式和否定式從中摻雜，真是令人頭痛，眼花繚亂。下面口訣就以動詞do為例，即do did過去式done過去分詞，以口訣形式總結各種時態的被動態，一定對你有所啟示。
被動語態（一般現在時）
主動語態變被動語態時，主動語態句中的賓語變成被動語態句中的主語，主動語態句中的主語成為被動語態句中的動作的發出者。
被動語態的口訣
一般現、過用be done，be有人稱、時、數變。
完成時態have(has) done，被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing,
現在完成進行同，have (has) been doing。
現、過進行be doing, 被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助後加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。
第二句"be有人稱、時、數變"即be有人稱、時態和單、復數的變化。"情助"是指情態動詞和助動詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。"疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個助動詞的話，應把主語放在第一助動詞之後或把第一助動詞置於主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之。
一般現、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數變
例：1、主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
2、主動：People regard him as brilliant.
被動：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認為他很有才華。
以上兩例都是一般時態用be done的例子，be有人稱、時、數變，第三人稱foreign friends是復數，時態一般過去時，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被動後的"be done"就變成單數第三人稱is regarded的形式了。
被動：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過去時的被動態)
這篇講演是王的發言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
邊境發生嚴重列車事故，兩人死亡，十二人受傷。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的，沉睡著的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認為很聰明但不誠實。（別人認為他很聰明但不誠實）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭被拆散，妻兒被奪走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需這個資料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多數環境污染問題的存在，是因為過去沒有採取適當的保護措施。
完成時態have done，被動將been加中間。
(過去完成時had done也包括在內)。
例：1、主動：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被動：English has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變為has)
我們已經在夜校里斷斷續續地學了三年英語了。
2、主動: They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被動: 100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我們已生產出一百台拖拉機。
3、主動：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
4、主動：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被動：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
5、主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主動：We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被動：Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity.
核能已用來發電。
7、主動：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有槍的人會極力否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙(槍冒的煙)的人都會知道剛才開了槍。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Danel.
今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和丹尼爾結婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。
過去完成時也是一樣：
主動: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被動: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被動：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
當我回來時，發現我的車被弄走了。我問他們為啥這么於。他們告訴我說因為我把車於停在"禁止停車"的禁區。
主動：They had build three ships by last December.
被動： By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進天然建築材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他並沒有說那些鋼管都檢驗過沒有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料發明之後，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done
即由shall do或will do變為shall done或will be done。
例：主動: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被動：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
過年我市將建立幾座大型現代化的發電廠。
(shall do中的shall要隨新主語變為will, do為be done.)
主動：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被動：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。
㈡ 高一英語的語法內容
一般來說是由主語+謂語+賓語，有時有從句，如賓語從句，定語從句，狀語從句...
還有的是版祈使句。給權你道例題看：The
book
we
are
looking
forward
to
is
sold
out.
這里總會有人出錯。因為look
foeward
to後面一般加的是doing,但是we
are
looking
forward
to是定語從句，所以後面的謂語不必寫成doing
㈢ 高一英語語法匯總
高一英語必修一語法要點
一． 一般現在時
1. 表示主語現在所處的狀態及其所具備的特徵、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示習慣性、經常性的動作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 標志性的詞語
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助於為第三人稱單數（he she it）則動詞要用單三現
二． 現在進行時
1． 說話時正在進行的動作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即將發生的動作，多用於go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中，句子中常常有時間狀語
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.當句子中出現了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍數比較
1.A+系動詞+倍數詞+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系動詞+倍數詞+adj\adv的比較級+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系動詞+倍數詞+the size\amount(數量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的復合結構
1． With+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語根據邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語，如形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等，with在復合結構中常作狀語
2.常用結構
○1with+賓語+doing
表主動與進行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+賓語+done
表被動與完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+賓語+to do
表將來
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時
1．基本表達式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。（動作還將繼續下去）
3．表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經等你半個鍾頭了(人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會繼續等)
4．有些現在完成進行時的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經工作五年了。
5．大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（動作還將繼續下去）
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.（動作已經完成）
我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。
6．表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
例如：I have known him for years.
我認識他已經好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡， hate討厭，等。
注意：比較過去時與現在完成時
1．過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2．過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3．現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（強調看的動作發生過了。）
I have seen this film.
（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（強調起床的動作已發生過了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．過去完成時
1． 概念：表示過去的過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．現在完成進行時
1．其構成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞 功用如下：
2． 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在，可以包括現在在內的一個階段內，重復發生的行動，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響，而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身，如：
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
現在完成時有否定結構、而現在完成進行時沒有否定結構。 現在完成時態可表示做完的時期以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以 現在完成進行時的否定結構 現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven』t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn』t been working for me and I haven』t has that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過，我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
6．否定句構成：
主語+has/have+not+been+現在分詞
7．一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他
㈣ 高一旳英語重點語法昰什麼,.
語法方面：主謂一致，only
引導的半倒裝，定語從句，非限制性定語從句，it
的用法，強調句，v.ing
的用法
基礎知識：每個單元的單詞，片語，短語，句子
㈤ 高一英語所有的語法...
look up 抬頭向上看
look up to sb尊敬某人 look down on 輕視
a well-dressed lady 一位穿著講究的女士
glance at 瞥一眼
greet sb with a smile 用微笑打招呼
a senior employee資深的員工
be senior to 比…年長的，資深的
prefer sth to sth 喜歡….不喜歡…..
prefer doing a to doing b喜歡做a不喜歡做b
prefer to do a rather than do b寧願做a而不願做b
the way +that 做….的方式，方法
+in which
+ /
more than 超過，不只是，經常
more than speaking and listening 不只是
gesture 手勢
expression 表情
expression on your face 你的臉部表情
appearance 外貌，外表
appear 出現，似乎 disappear消失
It appears that….. 似乎，好像
communicate with sb 交流
communicate sth to sb 把（信息，消息）傳遞給某人
keep up/lose communication with sb 與某人保持/失去聯系
leave/make/ give sb a good impression leave/make /give a good impression on sb 給某人留下很好的印象
make sb feel+ adj. 是某人覺得….
decide to do sth 決定做某事
decide on sth= choose 選擇
for assistance 為了得到幫助
improve 提高
smile at sb 像某人微笑
enter the classroom 走進教室
enter for 報名參加
it seems to work 這好像起作用了
without hesitation 毫不猶豫
hesitate to do sth 猶豫做某事，不願意做某事
remark 評論 downwards 向下的
sigh for sth 為…..嘆氣
remind sb to do sth /remind sb of sth /remind sb +從句 提醒某人（做）某事
throughout the history of mankind 在人類歷史上
in many situation 在許多情況下
the key to sth ….的關鍵
signal （n）信號 ，（v）示意,表示
hostility 敵意
confusion 困惑
in western culture 在西方文化里
maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流
contact v. & n. 交往，聯系
keep contact with sb 與某人取得聯系
lose contact with sb 與某人失去聯系
avoid doing 避免做某事
in authority 掌權
as a matter of fact =in fact 事實上
for instance =for example 比如
concentration 專心
concentrate（v.） on sth 集中時間做某事
subtle 微妙的，細微的
consider sth as sth 把…看作…
be considered (as) sth 認為，看作
consider doing sth 考慮做某事
stare at 盯著
be rude to sb = be impolite to sb 不禮貌
boredom 無聊
lack(n.) of sth缺少
lack(v.) sth
respect v.& n. 尊敬
lead to =result in=give rise to導致
lead to this road 通向這條路
unit 2
call on sb =drop in on sb 拜訪某人
call at some place =drop in at some place拜訪某地
care for your hair 照料你的頭發
hairstyle 發型
suit sb 適合某人
guarantee to do sth 保證做某事
guarantee sth to sb 向某人保證
be /feel on top of the world 覺得興高采烈
get advice from expert 從專家那得到建議
curl 卷發
angle 稜角
keep healthy 保持健康
eat a balanced diet 吃均衡的飲食
plenty of 許多，大量
in addition 另外
look after = take care of 照顧
shampoo 洗發劑
it is adj. for sb to do sth
it is adj. of sb to do sth
effective 有效的
conditioner 護發素
apply 使用
apply to 使用，申請，塗
apply to the company for the position 向公司申請某個職位
squeeze out 擠出
damage(v) sth 損害某物
do damage(n) to sth
loosen 使松
dirt 灰塵
comb n.& v. 梳子 梳頭發
hairdryer 吹風機
wash out 洗掉
at least 至少
remember to do sth 記得要去做某事（沒做）
remember doing sth 記得做過某事（做了）
overuse 過度使用
suggest doing sth 建議做某事
make / put forward a suggestion 提出建議
normal 正常的
wet (v)把….弄濕 Some people…..while others……一些人….然而另一些人…..
bald 禿頂
as a result of 由於
a result of …..的結果
ensure 確保，保證
pay attention to sth/to doing sth 注意
protein 蛋白質
adequate 足夠的
eight to ten glasses of water 喝8-10 杯水
keep sth from doing sthe 避免
rob sb of sth 搶了某人的東西
steal sth from sb 偷了某人的東西
shiny 閃亮的
remedy for …..的療法
rinse your hair 沖洗掉你的頭發
help sb/sth do 幫助做某事
regularly 經常的
be sure to 務必，確保
the key to sth …..的關鍵
dairy proct 乳製品
stress 精神壓力
rub your hair 搓你的頭發
Unit 3
places of interests = tourist attraction旅遊景點
the Great Wall 長城
be interested in 對….有興趣
show interest in
interests 利益
twist and turn 蜿蜒曲折（v.）
twist the truth 扭曲事實
turn down 拒絕
turn up 出現
turn out 結果是
turn to 求助於
turn over移交
mountain chains 山脈
construction of sth ….的建造
be under construction 在建設中
take shape 成型
be designed by 被誰設計
complete 完成
completion
magnificent壯麗的，宏偉的
from a distance 從遠處看
structure 建築物
base 底座
include 包含---exclude 不包含
gallery （藝術品）展覽館
bronze ware 青銅器
sculpture 雕塑
calligraphy 書法
seal 印章
furniture 傢具
it takes+一段時間for sb to do sth 做什麼事情花費某人多少時間
historical 有關歷史的
historic 歷史性的
preserve the buildings 保存，保護這些大樓
preservation 保護區
be admitted to some places被允許進入
admit to doing sth 承認做某事
scenery 風景
landscape，風景，山水
landscape painting 山水畫 odd 古怪的，奇數
reflection 倒影，反思
the remains of sth ….的遺跡
ancient temple 古老的廟宇
be the pride of sth 是…..的驕傲
be proud of =take pride in 對…..感到驕傲
abandon v.& n. 放棄
access（n） to sth 到達，有….的權利
access(v) some places
fall of the roman empire 羅馬帝國的衰落
stadium 競技場
fall into ruin 成為廢墟
hold more than 5000 people 容納超過五千人
wonder 奇跡
tomb 墳墓
overlook 俯瞰
sit in the stands 坐在看台上
civilization 文明
be made of 有…..製成(看得到材料)
be made from 有…..製成（看不見材料）
be attracted by 被…吸引
unit4
surprise n. & vt.驚奇，吃驚
to one』s surprise令人驚訝的
be surprised to do sth吃驚的做某事
studio studios演播室
film v.& n.拍攝，電影
director導演
contestant競爭者
contest v.& n.競爭，比賽
contest with=compete with競爭
a speech contest 演講比賽
whisper 低語
whisper to sb向某人低語
on the stage在舞台上
faint adj &v. & n. 微弱的，暈倒，昏厥
a faint hope 渺茫的希望
faint with 因…..而暈倒
in a dead faint 不省人事
gasp 喘著氣說
gasp out 氣喘吁吁地說出
off the stage 下舞台
raise one』s hand 舉起某人的手
rush forward 沖向
powder one』s face 在臉上抹粉
comb one』s hair 梳頭發
make-up artist 化妝師
cue sb 給某人提示
clap拍手
boom 低沉地說
terrific 極好的
be ahead of 領先
tense 緊張的
sit on the edge of one』s seat 坐在座位的邊緣
chew one』s fingernails 要手指甲
keep still 靜止不動
make sb up 化妝
make up one』s mind 下定決心做某事
make up sth 編造
make up for 彌補
a bag of nerves 一個神經緊張的人
cameraman 攝影師
seat v. 使坐下
quiz 智力競賽
trend 趨勢
entertainment technology 娛樂科技
feel like + n/adj. 感覺就像
feel like sth /doing 想要什麼，想要做什麼
imax dome theatre 3D電影院
the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
上海科技館
surround 環繞
surroundings 環境
audience 觀眾
achieve a similar effect 達到相似的效果
flat-screen寬屏
be suspended on the wall被懸掛在牆上
digital technology 數字科技
be arranged round the viewers被安排圍繞著觀眾
arrange安排
be introced in 被引進
high- quality music 高質量音樂
no longer 不再
record v & n 記錄
cassette磁帶
stereo立體聲的
beat sb 戰勝某人
Unit 5
vegetarian 素食者
vegetable 素食
mixed grill 烤什錦
pork chops 豬排
steak 牛排
sausage 香腸
sound good to sb 聽起來很好
sound +adj.聽起來….
nor more 不再
the program on tv 電視節目
be influenced by 被…..影響
have an influence on = have an effect on
對….影響
on space 在太空
become an astronaut 成為宇航員
instry 工業
instrialization 工業化
spend time on sth 在……花時間
spend time in doing sth
in tiny spaces 在狹窄的空間里
get sick 生病
by the way 順便說一下
ought to 應該
instead of= in place of 替代
it contains vitamins and minerals 它包含維生素和礦物質
pesticide 農葯
be healthy for sb 有助於健康
the best source of energy 能量做好的來源
be full of energy = energetic
the importance of sth …..的重要性.
a variety of sth.多種多樣的
advise doing 建議做某事=suggest doing
advise sb (not ) to do 建議(不)要做某事
advise on sth 建議某事
a balanced diet 營養均衡的食物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事
warn sb that從句
lack of (v.)缺少
a lack of (n.)
especially 尤其是，特別是 risk doing (v.) 冒險做某事
run the risk of doing sth
at the risk (n.)of= at the cost of 以 ….為代價
decide on 選定=choose
decide to do sth 決定做某事
tell from 區別
on one hand / on the other hand
在一方面，在另一方面
Crowd 聚集=gather together
Crowded 擁擠的
Pepper 胡椒粉
Grow種植
Cattle牛群appetite胃口
Cheeseburger干乳酪漢堡包
Milkshake奶昔
Increase增加
Heart attack心臟病
Intelligent 聰明的
Unit 6
agriculture 農業
farming務農
farm v. 務農，飼養
natural 自然的
grow plants in soil 在土裡種植植物
sources of …..的來源
zone 地區
nourish v. 滋養
nourishment n.滋養
mixture混合物fertilizer肥料
make the best use of 充分利用
experimental research on 關於..的實驗性實驗
facility 場所
involve 包含
profitable盈利的
chemical化學品
technique科技
prove to 證明
used to do過去常常
get/be used to doing習慣於
economic benefits經濟利益
appear amazed to do 看似很驚訝做某事
It appears that 好似
appear to do 好像要做某事
backward 落後的
high-tech高科技的
many forms of 許多形式
cancer癌症
health problems健康問題
as common as像…..一樣平常
account for 解釋，說明
in moderation 適中
in contrast to 相比之下
stay healthy保持健康
in comparison 與…..相比
be aware of 意識到
experience （v）經受
fortunately 幸運的
weight 重量
㈥ 高一英語語法全部詳解
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。
㈦ 高一英語比較重要的語法有哪些
先行詞在定語從句中充當主語，賓語，時間，地點，原因狀語。結構：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(三)關系詞前面可以根據定語從句的內容加上一些介詞，這些關系詞在介詞後面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知識重點與難點(一)當先行詞有最高級，序數詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all, no, only等形式時，關系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)當先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的詞時，關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that1. I』m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn』t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定語從句的簡化表達：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：修飾一個名詞除了後面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，being done短語，to be done短語修飾。其結構和意思如下：1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語： 正在做….的人/正在發生的事。2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語： 被…..的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The 「crazy」 gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means 「you have a phone call」 in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be 「the mother river」 runs across China like a huge dragon.總結：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的後面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。2. 分詞作定語時，其動作應與全句動作同時發生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的，to be done表示將要被做的【典型例題】[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people』s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析：_____ plays an important role in people』s lives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。答案：A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析：_____ I worked three years ago作為定語從句修飾先行詞Uncle Li，從句完整的表達是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以關系詞前應加上介詞with。答案：C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析：定語從句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指「他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。答案：A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析：非限定性定語從句_____ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是從屬關系，關系詞用whose答案：D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn』t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，直到1912年才容納女運動員。_____in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games，指過去的內容，表示被動。用done做定語。答案：C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析：根據句意房子即將開工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應為The houses The houses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。答案：B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析：根據句意：比如說，我們當中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語。與全句動作同步.答案：B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析：非限定性定語從句__ is working in Australia修飾先行詞three children，根據從句中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。答案：B【模擬試題】1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don』t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read【試題答案】1. C Susan 正是我認為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞the very girl在從句中做think的賓語，同時又是後面賓語從句did the good deed.的主語，所以關系詞不能用whom2. C 定語從句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票。關系詞前面需要加介詞：with3. C定語從句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了。devote….to sth.關系詞前加介詞：to4. A 定語從句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修飾先行詞the day ：先行詞the day在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機會。5. C 短語_____ tomorrow做定語修飾the question，根據表達的內容：明天即將被討論的問題。應當用不定式的被動結構做定語。6. D 短語_____ at the moment做the food的定語,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定語表示：正在被……的……。7. C 現在分詞短語reading under the big tree做定語修飾the teacher 表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老師。情態動詞1. 情態動詞的推測表達2. 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣3. 某些情態動詞的特殊用法知識重點與難點總結知識重點：情態動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用：(一)用情態動詞表達事實的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達對事實的推測。根據說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示「肯定…」，may / might / can / could表示「可能……」， must只用於肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 「可能不……」, 而can / could可以用於疑問句，表示「可能，可能……嗎?」，其否定式can』t / couldn』t 表示「不可能」。用情態動詞可以對現在或過去的事實進行推測。對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構。(二)對現在的事實進行推測：主要結構：…must / may / might +動詞原形be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I』m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn』t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn』t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can』t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)對過去的事實進行推測：結構：情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn』t have seen Anna yesterday. She』s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情態動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達「本來…」，「不然早就…」。這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反。表達了說話人的埋怨，後悔的語氣。其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構。根據要表達的意思，有如下結構：should have done / ought to have done：本應該……shouldn』t have done / oughtn』t to have done：本不該……could have done：本來可以……needn』t have done：本來沒必要……would like to have done：本來很想……would rather not have done: 本來不願意……could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句：1. You shouldn』t have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that film last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知識難點：某些情態動詞的特殊用法：need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法need 和dare可以用做實義動詞，後面接不定式(to do)結構，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動詞do/does/did/或don』t/doesn』t/didn』t。作為情態動詞使用時，主要用於疑問句和否定句中。情態動詞needn』t(沒有必要，不必)相當於don』t have to例句：1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn』t.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I』m sure或There is no doubt that+從句。例句：I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示「意志」或「願意」，would 則指過去願意做……例句：1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表達「過去習慣做……」類似於「used to do」例句：1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示請求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用於第一，三人稱，表示「請求」;「建議」 或「推薦」例句：1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用於第二人稱，表示「命令，「要求」，「許諾」例句：1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can /can』t /could / couldn』t表示，意思是：「可能…嗎?」;「…不可能…」。而不能使用mustn』t或must等詞。【典型例題】1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A. mightB. must C. canD. should分析：本題考查情態動詞推測性用法。 根據he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能幫助別人的人)，既然如此，那麼「幫助你」的可能性也就最小了。答案為A2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?—I think it ___ be Tom.—I don』t think it ___ be ____ .A. can ; must ; can ; heB. may ; can ; must ; himC. must ; can ; must ; hisD. might ; must ; can ; himself分析：根據備選答案。 can表示推測時用於疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應該是Guess who can it be? 第二句應該是I think it must be Tom.(說話人十分肯定)。第三句表達了說話人對前一個人的否定。即：I don』t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案為A3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.A. must be walkingB. must walkC. may walkD. may be walking分析：關鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案為A4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would sayD. must have stayed分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D選項不合題意。
㈧ 高一英語 語法重點 （外研社版）
高一重點在非謂語還有就是
定語從句
，具體方法不是別人告訴你你就可以提高的，英語這門學科要多聽多讀多練，成績自然會提高的。堅持也是很重要的。
㈨ 高一英語語法有哪些
一。動詞 ：
1.現在進行時表將來時間
2.被動語態 （1一般將來時的被動語態的構版成，2現在權完成時的，3現在進行時的）
二: 直接引語和間接引語：
1.陳述句 （1人稱的變化，2時態的變化，3指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化)
2.疑問句
3.祈使句
三: 定語從句：
1.由關系代詞引導的定語從句
2.由關系副詞引導
3.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
高一(下)語法項目:
一: 情態動詞 （1 can;could 2 may;might 3.must;have to 4 shall;should 5will;would 6 ought 7.had better)
二：動詞-ing形式
三: 主語和謂語一致
四：it的用法 （1 用作人稱代詞 2 非人稱代詞 3 作形式主語或形式賓語 4 用於強調句中）
五：構詞法 （1.合成 2.轉換 3.派生）