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情態動詞語法英語

發布時間:2021-02-23 04:38:04

⑴ 英語語法之情態動詞的用法

情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語, 只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。
情態動詞數量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情態動詞的位置:

情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前, 謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中, 情態動詞則在主語之前。

情態動詞的特點:

情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 情態動詞後面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構成是在情態動詞後面加 "not"。 個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達更加客氣, 委婉的語氣, 時態性不強, 可用於過去,現在或將來。

He could be here soon.

他很快就來。

might 是may 的過去式, 有兩種用法, 一種表示過去式,一種表示虛擬語氣, 使語氣更加委婉, 客氣或對可能性的懷疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他說他能按時間來。
might 是may 的過去式, 有兩種用法, 一種表示過去式,一種表示虛擬語氣, 使語氣更加委婉, 客氣或對可能性的懷疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他說他能按時間來。
must 和 have to 的區別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to 表示客觀需要。

need 是一個情態動詞, 他的用法完全和其他情態動詞一樣, 但 need 還可當作實義動詞使用, 這時 need 就象其他動詞一樣,有第三人稱,單復數, 後面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。

I need a bike to go to school.

我上學需要一輛自行車。

⑵ 英語情態動詞語法選擇加講解。

情態動詞
有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化;不能單獨使用,必須與其後的動詞原形構成謂語。 情態動詞
can 表示能力,意為 「能 會」 表示推測, 意為 「可能」, 常用於否定句和疑問句中 表示請求, 允許, 意為「可以」
could 是can 的過去式,意為「能、會」, 表示過去的能力 在疑問句中表示委婉請求
may 表示請求、許可,意為「可以」 表示推測,常用於肯定句中,意為「可能、也許」
might 是may的過去式,表推測,常用於肯定句中,意為「 可能、也許 」 must 表示主觀看法,意為「必須、應該」 表有把握的推測,用語肯定句 Need \表示需要、必須,主要用於否定句和疑問句中 dare 表示敢於,主要用於否定句和疑問句中
should 意為「 應該」, 表示要求和命令 表示勸告、建議 had better 意為 「最好」,表示建議 used to意為 「過去常常,表示過去的動作、行為 考點一 情態動詞知識清單
情態動詞有具體的詞義,但也同助動詞一樣,需要與其他詞語一起構成句子的謂語,另外情態動詞沒喲人稱和數的變化,情態動詞後必須跟動詞原形。
1. can 的用法
(1) 表示能力、許可、可能性。 表示能力時一般譯為「能、會」, 即有種能力,尤其是生來具備的能力,此時may 和must 均不可代替它。 (2) 表示可能、能夠。 如:I can finish it in an hour. (3)表示許可,常在口語中。如:You can use my dictionary. (4)表示推測,意為「可能」, 常用於否定句和疑問句中, 此時can‟t 譯為「 不可能」。 2. could的用法
(1) can的過去式, 意為「 能、 會」 , 表示過去的能力。 (2) could 在疑問句中, 表示委婉的語氣,此時沒有過去式的意思。 3. may的用法
(1)表示請求、許可, 比can 正式,
(2)表示推測,談論可能性,意為「 可能, 或許」,一般用於肯定句中。
(3) may的過去式為might ,表示推測時。可能性低於may 。4. must的用法
(1)must 表示主觀看法,意為「必須、一定」。
(2)其否定形式mustn‟t 表示「 一定不要 」 「千萬別」 「禁止, 不許」. (3)對must引導的疑問句,肯定回答為must, 否定回答為needn‟t 或 don‟t have to .
(4)must 表示有把握的推測,用於肯定句。當must 表示 肯定的判斷、推測時,其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構成。 She must have finished writing, hasn‟t she? 5. need的用法
(1) need 表示需要、必須,主要用於否定句和疑問句中,其否定形式為needn‟t ,意為「沒有必要,不必」。 用need 提問時,肯定回答為 must,否定回答為 needn‟t 。 如:----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn‟t .
(2) need 還可以作實義動詞,此時有人稱、數和時態的變化, 後邊
多接動詞不定式。

6. dare
的用法

dare
意為

敢、敢於
」,
用法近似於
need


有兩種詞性:


1

dare
作為情態動詞,多用於否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無第
三人稱單數形式,只有一般現在時和一般過去時。


2

dare
作為實義動詞,此時有人稱、數及時態的變化。注意:


口語中,
dare
的各種形式常與不帶
to
的不定式連用。
Do you dare tell
her what I said?
7.
shall
的用法


1

shall
表示徵求對方意見(多用於第一、三人稱)


Shall we go out for a walk?


2
)表示決心、警告、命令(

多用於第二、三人稱)


No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.
8.
should
的用法


1

should
意為

應該



可表示勸告、建議、義務、責任等。

We
should protect the environment.


2

should (would)like to do sth.
表示

想要、
願意做某事


常用於口
語中。
Would you like to go with me?
你想和我一起去嗎?


3

Should have done
表示對過去動作的責備、批評。

You should have finished your homework.

9.
will
的用法

will
表示意願、意志、打算,可用於多種人稱。

I will help you if I‟m free this afternoon.

10.

had better
的用法

had
better
意為

最好

,沒有人稱的變化,後面接不帶
to
的不定式,
其否定形式為:

had better not


We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him.

考點二

含有情態動詞的疑問句

1.


can

may

must
構成的疑問句


1
)句



Can/
May/
Must…

+


+




+….





Can
you
repair
the
car?
Could
he
be
a
good
student? May
I
borrow
your
ruler?Must we clean the room now?


2
)對

may
引出的問句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,
of
course.

Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn‟t.No, you can‟t.


3
)對
must
引出的疑問句,回答為:
Yes, …must.No,… needn‟t/ don‟t
have to.

2. will


would


shall
的用法


1

will
在一般疑問句中表示客氣的

請求、
勸說



would

will

過去式,語氣更加客氣、委婉。
Would
you
show
me
your
picture
book? Will you please give me a call?


2
)對

will/ would you…

的回答方式有以下幾種:
Yes, I will. (No, I
won‟t.)Sure .
(I‟m
sorry
,
I
can‟t.)All
right.Certainly.
(No,
thank
you .)

Yes, please.

3

shall
引出的疑問句用於第一人稱,

表示徵求對方意見或客氣的
請求。其回答方式有以下幾種:
Yes, please.All right. No, thank you.

考點三

不同情態動詞的否定意義也不同

1.

1


can‟t
可譯為

不會



如:
I can‟t play basketball.
我不會打籃
球。


2
)當句子表推測時,用
can‟t
表達不可能,

He can‟t be ill. He
is playing chess with Tom.
can‟t
還可用來回答
「 May I …? 」
這樣的
問句。
May I come in ?No, you mustn‟t. / can‟t.
can‟t
還可用於固
定習語中。
She can‟t help crying.

⑶ 英語中情態動詞的被動語法有幾種該如何用

四種。

一、基本句型結構: 

1、肯定句:主語+情態動詞+be+過去分詞

eg: Teenagers should be allowed to go shopping.       

Tables can be made of stones. 

2、否定句:主語+情態動詞+not +be+ 過去分詞

eg: Teenagers shouldn』t be allowed to go shopping.                

Tables can』t be made of stones.

3、一般疑問句:情態動詞+主語+be+過去分詞

eg:  Should teenagers be allowed to go shopping?                

Can tables be made of stones?

4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+情態動詞+主語+be+ 過去分詞

eg: What should teenagers be allowed?                

What can tables be made of? 

(3)情態動詞語法英語擴展閱讀

含有情態動詞的主動語態與被動語態的轉換: 

1、 We (主語)can(情態動詞) write(謂語) letters (賓語)in English.(賓語補足語)

Letters(主語)can (情態動詞)be written(謂語)in English (賓語)by us. (賓語補足語)   

2、Parents(主語)should(情態動詞)allow(謂語)teenagers (賓語)to choose their own clothes.   

Teenagers(主語)should(情態動詞)be allowed (謂語)to choose their own clothes (賓語)by their parents. (賓語補足語)  

3、You(主語)must(情態動詞)clean(謂語)your bedroom (賓語)every day.(時間狀語)

Your bedroom(主語)must(情態動詞)be cleaned (謂語)every day (時間狀語)by you.(賓語)

⑷ 英語情態動詞用法

情態動詞的用法要點

一. can和could
情態動詞 用法 例句

can/could
表示能力 1.「I don』t think Mike can type.」
「Yes, he can.」
2.I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn』t last year.
在肯定句中,表示客觀可能性,並不涉及具體某事會發生,常用來說明人或事物的特徵。要表達具體某事實際發生的可能性時,不用can,需用could,may,might。 1. As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.
2. I』m confident that a solution can be found.
3. He can be very forgetful sometimes.
4. I may stay at home this weekend.(實際可能性)
5. Peter might come to join us.(實際可能性)
6. It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(實際可能性)

表示請求和允許。表示請求,口語中常用could代替can,使語氣更委婉。 1. Can we turn the air conditioner on?
2. Any police officer can insist on seeing a driver』s license.
3. In soccer, you can』t touch the ball with your hands.
4. Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?
5. I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.
表示對現在的動作或狀態進行主觀的猜測,主要用在否定句和疑問句中。 1. It can』t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.
2. Can the man over there be our head master?
表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度,主要用在否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中。 1. Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?
2. This can』t be true.
3. How can you be so crazy.

特別說明:
(1) could用來表示請求時,語氣委婉,主要用於疑問句,不能用於肯定句,答語應用can(即:could不能用於現在時態的簡略答語中)。如:
——Could I use your dictionary?
——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I』m afraid not.)
(2) can和be able to辨析
can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上沒有區別。但can只有現在式和過去式,而be able to則有更多的形式。如:
I』ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.
Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you』ll be able to carry them on your own?
但是,表示在過去某時的某一場合經過一番努力,終於做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to來表示。這時,was/were able to相當於managed to do或succeed in doing。如:
After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.
The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.
(3) 慣用形式「cannot …too…」表示「無論怎麼……也不(過分)」。如:
You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。
慣用形式「cannot but+ 不定式(不帶to)」表示「不得不,只好」。如:
I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不欽佩你的決心。

二.may和 might
情態動詞 用法 例句

may/might 表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用must not/mustn』t,表示「禁止、阻止」之意,但也可以用had better not (最好別)或may not(不可以),語氣較為委婉。 1. May I come in and wait?
2. ——May I smoke here?
——No, you mustn』t(或No, you』d better not.)
在表示請求、允許時,might比may語氣更委婉些。用May I征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式,在口氣上比較客氣,在日常用語中,用Can I征詢對方意見更為常見。 1. Might I borrow your pen?
2. I wonder if I might speak to your son.
表示可能性的推測,通常用在肯定句和否定句中,含有「或許」「大概」「可能」之意;用might代替may時,則語氣顯得更加不肯定。 1. It may rain this afternoon.
2. She might come to join us this afternoon.
3. I suppose he might have missed the train.

may用於祈使句表示祝願 1. May you succeed.
2. Long may he live! 願他能持續住下去。
3. May you have many more days as happy as this one.
4. May she rest in peace.願她安息。
慣用句式:
「may well+ 動詞原形」,意為「完全能,很可能」,相當於to be very likely to

「may as well或might(just)as well+動詞原形」意為「最好,滿可以,倒不如」,相當於「had better或there is no reason to do anything else. 1. It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.
2. There may well be a real problem here.
3. There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.
4. You may as well tell us now, we』ll find out sooner or later.
5. I suppose we might as well go home.
6. And if you have to plough the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.

二.must和have to
情態動詞 用法 例句

must 表示「必須,應該」之意,語氣比should,ought to強烈。其否定形式mustn』t表示「不準,不應該,禁止」等意 1. You must come to school on time.
2. Everybody must obey the law.
3. You mustn』t drive so fast in the street.
4. We mustn』t waste any more time.
在回答帶有must的問句時,否定回答常用needn』t或don』t have to,表示「不必」,而不用mustn』t 1.—Must I come back before ten?
—Yes,you must.(No, you needn』t)
表示有把握的推測,意為「一定、準是、相必」,只用於肯定句中 1. It must be my mother.
2. You must be hungry after a walk.
3. There must be a hole in the wall.
have to

have to 「必須,不得不」,意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則往往強調客觀需要。 1. The film is not interesting. I really must go now.
2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.
must只有一種形式,即現在式與過去式都是一種形式,而have to則涉及各種人稱、時態等方面的變化形式。 1.I had to work hard when I was your age.
2.I will have to learn how to use a computer.
3.In order to take the exam, we』ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .
兩者的否定意義不同,mustn』t表示「禁止,不許」,don』t have to表示不必。 1. You mustn』t go there.
2. You don』t have to go there.

四.shall和should
情態動詞 用法 例句
shall 用於第一、二、三人稱構成的疑問句,表示徵求對方意見或請求指示 1. Shall I open the window?
2. Shall we say 6 o』clock, then?
3. What shall I get for dinner?
用於第二、三人稱陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 1. Don』t worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允諾)
2. He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)
3. You shall do as I say. (命令)
4. If you children don』t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威脅)
should 表示勸告或建議,意為「應該」 1. What should I do?
2. Should I trust him?
3. You should read his new book.
表示推測,用在肯定句中,對現在的情況或可能發生
的事的主觀推測或期待。意為「想必,大概,或許」 1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.
2. Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.
3. He should be around sixty years old.
還可以用在if引導的條件句中,表示一件事聽起來可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,相當於「萬一」的意思。從句謂語用should+動詞原形構成,主句都一定用虛擬語氣 1. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你萬一見到湯姆,請讓他給我打個電話)
2. Should I be free tomorrow, I』ll come. (萬一我明天有時間,我就過來)
3. If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (萬一情況突變,請通知我)
用於疑問句或感嘆句中,表示意外、驚異的情緒,意為「竟會」,與why,what,how,who連用,如果是疑問句,則不需要回答。 1. Why should anyone want to marry Tony?
2. Don』t ask me. How should I know?

五.will和would
情態動詞 用法 例句
will/would 用於表示意志或意願。will指現在,would指過去。 1. He is the man who will go his own way. (他首歌自行其是的人。)
2. They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.
表示請求、建議等,用would比用will委婉、客氣。 1. Will you please take a message for him?
2. Would you please tell me your telephone number?
表示習慣或傾向,意為「總是,慣於」。will至現在,would指過去。 1. Fish will die without water.
2. People will talk. (人們總會說閑話。)
3. When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.
表示推測,意為「很可能,大概」。will表示推測比should把握大,比must把握小。 1. These things will happen.
2. That will be the messenger ringing.
3. It would be about ten o』clock when he left home.
表示功能,意為「能,行」。慣用形式:will do/would do表示「解決問題」、「就行」。 1. That will be all right.
2. Either pen will do.
3. It would not do to work too late.(工作太晚不行。)
用於否定句中,意為「不肯」、「不樂意」 1.I won』t listen to your nonsense.
2.No matter what I said, he wouldn』t listen to me.

特別說明:would與used to辨析
would可用來表示過去反復出現的動作,但不能表示過去存在的狀態,所以我們不能說:「she would be a quiet girl.」
另外,would強調過去某種特定情況下的活動,是完全過去的事情,同現在沒有聯系。而used to則著眼於過去和現在的對比,隱含現在已不存在,動作或狀態都可表示。Would可以表示不規則的習慣,used to則不可。如:
He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.
I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.

六.need和dare
情態動詞 用法 例句

need 用於表示「需要,必要」之意。做情態動詞時,僅用於否定句和疑問句,只有現在時,過去式要用needn't have,疑問式用need+人稱?,否定式用need not(即needn't), 1.—Need we leave soon?
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)
2.You needn't have hurried.
(=It was not necessary for you to hurry,but you did).你當時不必這么匆忙。
做實義動詞時,其變化與一般的實義動詞相同,後接帶to的不定式(need doing = need to be done ),過去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑問式用do、does、did提問,否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't 1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名詞,need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)
2.He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)
3.Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something)
4.They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)

dare 用於表示「敢於」之意。做情態動詞,沒有人稱和數的變化,主要用於否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中 1.—Dare you tell her the truth?
—Yes, I dare. /No, I daren』t.
3. How dare you accuse me of lying!
4. He daren』t admit this.
用作實義動詞時,其變化與一般的實義動詞相同。在肯定句中,dare後接帶to的不定式;否定句中,dare後既可接帶to的不定式,也可接不帶to的不定式。 1. Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.
2. He doesn』t dare (to) go there alone.
3. Don』t you dare (to) touch it?

七.ought的用法:
情態動詞 用法 例句

ought to do 表示「應該」之意 1. You ought to take care of him.
2. —Ought I go now?
—Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn』t to.
表示推測。注意與must表示推測是的區別 1. He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)
2. He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be. (比較直率)
4. This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄)

說明:should與ought to 表示「應該」時的區別
should 表示自己的主觀看法,而ought to的語氣中,含有「按道理應該……」之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務和規定,一般用ought to。如:
You should help them with their work.
You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good ecation.

八.「情態動詞+have done」用法
情態動詞+have done 用法 例句
must have done 表示主觀上對過去已經發生的行為進行推測,意為「想必,準是,一定做了某事」 1. She must have gone through a lot.
2. He must have visited the White House ring his stay in the United States.
may/might have done 表示對過去已發生行為的推測,意為「也許/或許已經(沒有)……「。一般用於肯定句或否定句中,不用於疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。 1. You may have learnt the news.
2. He may not have heard his name called.
3. Sorry I』m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
can…have done
cannot have done 表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑問句中。(can換成could時語氣委婉) 1. Where can she have gone?
2. Could he have done such a foolish thing?
3. The boy can』t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an alt.
could have done 可用於肯定句中,表示「可能已經……」之意,此外,還可以表示過去能做而沒做的事,有一種對過去為付諸實施的事情的惋惜。 1. He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.
2. You could have been more considerate.
3. You could have done better, but you were too careless.
might have done 表示「本來可能……,但實際上沒有發生的事情」。另外,還可以表示「本來應該或可以做某事」之意,含有輕微的責備語氣。 1. You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.
2. He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.
should/ought to have done 用於肯定句時,表示本該做某事,而實際上未做;用於否定句時,則表示不該做的事反而做了。 1. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
2. You shouldn』t have done it so carelessly.
3. You ought to have returned the book earlier.
4. You ought not to have refused his offer.
needn』t have done 表示做了本來不必去做的事。注意:didn』t need to do表示「沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事」 1. You needn』t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.
2. I didn』t need to buy the dictionary. I had a at home.
had better have done 用於事後的建議,含輕微責備的口吻,意為「當時最好做了某事」,其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含義。 1. You had better have started earlier.
2. You had better not have scolded her.
would rather have done 表示「當時寧願做了某事」,其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含義,兩者都表示「後悔」之意。 1.I would rather have taken his advice.
2.I would rather not have told him the truth.

⑸ 高中英語語法:情態動詞

情態動詞有四類:
①只做情態動詞:must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情態內動詞又可做實義動詞:容need,dare
③具有情態動詞特徵:have(had,has)
to,used
to
④情態動詞表猜測

⑹ 初中英語語法 什麼是情態動詞

我認為情態動詞和普遍動詞的區別在於:
1、情態動詞可以和Be動詞一樣直接版和not構成否定句,權而普遍動詞通常不可以。
如:She
can't
swim.
2、情態動詞可直接用於疑問句,普通動詞則需要利用助動詞。
如:Can
you
sing
this
song?
What
can
i
do?
3、情態動詞後跟普通動詞時,普通動詞用原形。
其實初中英語考試中,情態動詞應該是比較簡單的一類了。

⑺ 英語情態動詞用法與歸納

情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語, 只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。

情態動詞數量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情態動詞的位置:

情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前, 謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中, 情態動詞則在主語之前。

情態動詞的特點:

情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 情態動詞後面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構成是在情態動詞後面加 "not"。 個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達更加客氣, 委婉的語氣, 時態性不強, 可用於過去,現在或將來。

情態動詞的用法:

can (could) 表示說話人能,可以,同意,准許,以及

客觀條件許可,could 為 can 的過去式。

Must 必須,應該,一定,準是, 表示說話人認為有必要做某事, 命令, 要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。

must 用來指一般現在時和一般將來時, 過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。

must + have + 過去分詞,表示現在對過去事物的推測。

must 和 have to 的區別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to 表示客觀需要。

need 是一個情態動詞, 他的用法完全和其他情態動詞一樣, 但 need 還可當作實義動詞使用, 這時 need 就象其他動詞一樣,有第三人稱,單復數, 後面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。

needn't + have + 過去分詞 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。

dare 除用作情態動詞外,更多的是當實義動詞使用, 用法同實義動詞一樣,要考慮人稱,單復數,時態等。

ought 應當,應該 後面跟帶有 to 的動詞不定式。

ought + to have done 句型。指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。

will (would)決心,願望。 would 為 will 的過去式,

will, would用於疑問句表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉,客氣。

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允諾,徵求,勸告,建議驚奇。

have to,不得不,必須,表示客觀條件只能如此, 而must 則表示主觀思想必須

⑻ 英語情態動詞語法

c,b,d,a
1.虛擬語氣
2. 肯定不到6歲
3. (理論上的)可能
4. 可能是...

⑼ 英語 情態動詞 語法 哪 里有總結

(1)情態動詞+動詞完成式: must have done
(2)情態動詞+動詞進行式: must be doing
(3)情態動詞+動詞完成進行式: must have been doing
(4)某些情態動詞的特殊用法: need
一、情態動詞+動詞完成式
情態動詞+動詞完成式即「情態動詞+ have + done分詞」,表示對過去行為或動作進行推測、評論或判斷。
1. must have done
must have done 表示對過去某事的肯定猜測。其否定或疑問形式都用can(could) 來表示.
例如: Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
He can』t have missed the way. I drew him a map.
「The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?」
當然對現在發生或將來發生的事情,要用must do 表示猜測, 否定為can』t do.
He must understand that we mean business.
You must be hungry after a long walk.
2.may / might have done
may / might have done 表示推測過去某事「也許」發生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。例如:
I can』t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批評. 本應該做什麼,而沒做; 有時也用作猜測.
You could have told us earlier.
Tom could have taken the dictionary.
4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn』t have done
ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn』t have done 用於對已發生的情況表示「責備」、「不滿」,分別表示「本應該…」和「本不應該…」。例如:
1)With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
2)You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
5. needn』t have done
needn』t have done 表示過去做了某事,但沒有做的必要, 意為「本沒必要…」。例如:
You needn』t have waken me up; I don』t have to go to work today.
註:表示推測過去某動作發生的可能性時,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:
「I wonder how Tom knew about your past.」
「He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.」
二、情態動詞+動詞進行式
情態動詞+行為動詞進行式(即情態動詞+ be + doing形式),表示推測或評論某動作現在是否正在進行。例如:
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
三、情態動詞+動詞完成進行式
情態動詞+行為動詞完成進行式(即情態動詞+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推測或評論過去某動作是否正在進行或一直在進行。例如:
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
四、某些情態動詞的特殊用法
1. need
考試中主要測試 need 作情態動詞與作實義動詞的區別。情態動詞need與實義動詞need 在時態、肯定、否定結構上的對比見下表。
時態 情態動詞need 實義動詞 need
現在時
He need (needn』t) do
Need he do….?
He needs (doesn』t need) to do
過去時
He needed (didn』t need) to do
將來時
He need (needn』t) do
Need he do….?
He will (not) need to do
注: need 一般用於否定句或疑問句.
2. dare 考試中主要測試dare作情態動詞和作實義動詞的區別。
情態動詞dare 與實義動詞dare 在時態、肯定、否定、疑問結構上的對比見下 表。
句型 情態動詞dare 實義動詞 dare
肯定句
現在時 dare to 少用
過去時 dare to 少用
現在時 dare/dares to do
過去時 dared to do
否定句
現在時 daren』t/dare not do
過去時 dared not do
現在時 do/does not dare (to) do
過去時 did not dare (to) do
疑問句
現在時 Dare he do?
過去時 Dared he do?
現在時 Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
過去時 Did he dare (to) do
3. can 和 may
考試中主要測試can,may或could,might表示可能性的區別及對may構成的疑 問句的回答。
(1)can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潛在的可能性或理論上或邏輯判斷上存在的可能性;而may, might則表示事實上的可能性。此外,can還具有「有能力」的意思,而may與might則不具此意。例如:
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
(2)May I / we …?這一類疑問句的肯定回答為Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答為Please don』t.或No, you mustn』t. 例如:
「May we leave now?」 「No, you mustn』t. You haven』t finished your home work yet.」
4. can 和 be able to
can 與 be able to 都可以表示能力,但兩者在用法上有點差異:can (could)表示主觀能力,不表示意願,它的將來時用will be able to; be able to表示主觀意願,強調要克服困難去做某事。例如:
1)My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
5. must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示「必須」,但有幾點區別:
(1)must 強調「內在的職責」、「義務」,而have to 強調「外界壓力」、「不得已而為之」。
(2)have to可用於多種時態,而must一般用於現在時,其過去時與將來時分別由had to與shall / will have to代替。
(3)在回答must引起的問題時,如果是否定的答復,不能用mustn』t,而要用needn』t或don』t have to,因為mustn』t是「一定不要」、「一定不能」的意思。例如:
You must come to the classroom before eight.
2)It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
3)「Must we do it now?」 「No, you needn』t.」
6. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
(1)used to +v意為「過去常常」,「過去一直」;be used to +v-ing / n(名詞)意為「習慣於」;be used to +v意為「被用來(做某事)」。
(2)used to只表示過去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示現在、過去或將來。例如:
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn』t.
2)He』s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
7.用作情態動詞的其他短語 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情態動詞。例如:
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I』d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don』t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
註:這些短語後一般直接跟動詞原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon後可跟that 引導的從句,that 常省去,從句要用虛擬語氣。對現在和將來的假設用過去時,對過去的假設用過去完成時。例如:
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn』t asked

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