1. 高二文科 怎麼整理英語筆記
做詞彙的詞性變換,各種語法的整理,作文的摘抄。這樣應該就可以了
2. 高二上學期英語學生總結
下面是一篇高一的,你可以改一改。希望你喜歡。
高一總結
Senior School Grade 1 Summary
高一就這樣結束了.迎來了盼望已久的暑假.
My senior school time of Grade 1 is going to be ended, and the expecting summer vacation is nearby.
時光飛逝,斗轉星移。轉眼成為高一一班一員已快一年。
How time flies! I have been a member of Class 1 Grade 1 for a year.
回首這一年的點點滴滴,朝朝暮暮,心中頓生了許多感觸。
Looking back those minute businesses and days and nights in that year, I suddenly feel a lot.
這1年中經歷的每一天,都已在我心中留下了永久的印記,因為他們見證了我這么一個新生的成長。
Everyday in this year I have undergone, has left eternal signs in my heart, because these signs marks my growth as a new student.
在過去1年的內,通過不斷地學習,我收獲了很多.
In the past 1 year, I gained a lot according my continuous study.
時間就是這么無情頭也不回的向前走著,而我們卻在為了不被它丟下死命的追趕著。
Time is so ruthless,going forward and never looking back, and we chase it desperately to avoid been forsaken.
是的,誰都不想被時間丟下.而我們也隨著時間的流逝一點一點的成長.而美好的純真隨著風雨的磨滅化成了成熟.或許這正是成長的代價.
Yes, no one wants to be an orphan mped by time.Meanwhile, we grow up along with the time elapsing and nice trueness becomes mature along with the extinction of winds and rains.Maybe it is the price of growth.
回想自己還是考生的那段日子,顯得是那麼的遙遠。
Looking back those time when i was an exame-preparing student,all the things are so remote for me。
我在憧憬中懂得了來之不易的珍惜;在思索中了解了醞釀已久的真理;在收獲後才知道努力的甜美。
I know the precious chance in a longing,realizing the truth considering a long time in the meditation,wising up the sweet through effort after harvesting.
突然覺得自己似乎明白了許多事情,但是仔細琢磨後又不盡然
I suddenly feel that I know a lot, but it is not the case after my meticulous consideration.
原來過去所見所識都是那麼的偏見而又膚淺,以前的天真似乎在一瞬間幻化成無知和可笑,我想誰又不是這樣的呢?或許在以後也回嘲笑現在的渺小
All the things i have seen and known are so unjustic and superficial, and former puerility is seemed to change to ignorance and facetiosity instantaneously.Maybe I will laugh at myself many years later
……我們不得不笑著回首我們所走過的路.:
we have to go through the way we past in an easy mood.
在日常生活上:以前我是一個衣來伸手飯來張口的小孩子,而通過7天軍訓生活和這半年老師和同學們的幫助,使我養成了獨立性,不再嬌生慣養,現在我已經能做一些力所能及的家務了。
Life: I used to be a kid who cannot depend on my self, however, after the seven-day military training and help of teachers and classmates, i became independent and I can do some housework now.
在學習上:我深知學習的重要性。首先,合理安排時間,調整好作息時間,分配好學習、工作、娛樂的時間。時間是搞好學習的前提與基礎,效率和方法更為重要。其次,要保質保量的完成老師布置的作業,老師布置的作業一般是她多年教學經驗的總結,具有很高的價值,應認真完成。認真對待考試,考前認真復習。
Study:I know the importance of learning knowledge perfectly.Firstly, I arranged the time properly, adjusting rest time, sutdy time and sportful time. Time is the reason and foundament of study,and efficiency and methord of study are more important. Secondly, I finished the assignment teachers lied.Assignment is the conclusion of a teacher based on years of teaching experience, which is highly valued and should be finished seriouly. I treated exams seriouly and usually went ovee before them
另外,積極閱讀有關書籍和資料,擴大自己的知識面;經常提出問題,與同學討論,向老師請教;搞好師生關系,師生相處得融洽和睦;抓住點滴時間學習一些其它專業領域的知識,知識總是有用的。
In addition, i read relative books and information to enlarge my knowledge horizon; I pointed out many questions frequently and discussed with my classmates,and asked to teachers;I got along well with teachers;and squeeze times to learn other knowledge and i believe that knowledge is always useful.
在紀律方面,基本可以做到:尊重教師,同學之間可以真誠相待;能遵守學校各項紀律,遵守公共秩序,遵守社會公德;不遲到、不早退、不曠課;上學穿校服;舉止文明; 有良好的衛生習慣,不亂扔廢棄物。
Discipline: I can basicly make:respecting teachers, treat sincerely to classmates,obeying the rules, public order and social morality。 Never being delay,quit early and absence.I wore school suit, and bahave myself,and I have good sanitation custom and never mp the rubbish freely.
以上是我對高一期末一些方面的個人總結,我將結合這個小結回顧過去,確定未來的發展目標,我對未來充滿信心。自然,這需要老師們的精心培養和同學們的真誠幫助
What is above is my personal summary in the end of Grade 1 in high school.Reviewing my past is a useful tool to confirm my developing goal.I am confident with my future.Of course, this need teachers' cultivate and classmates'sincere help.
3. 求高中英語語法筆記
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
張老師是我曾經遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive ecation.
沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎麼強調...的重要性也不為過。)
例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否認的...)
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否認的,我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫無疑問的...)
例句:There is no doubt that our ecational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的優點是...)
例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won』t create (proce) any pollution.
使用太陽能的優點是它不會製造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 (如此...以致於...)
例句:So precious is time that we can』t afford to waste it.
時間是如此珍貴,我們經不起浪費它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主詞)+ be, S + V~~~ (雖然...)
例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不}
雖然我們的國家富有,我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V,
~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V,
~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~(愈...愈...)
例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力,你愈進步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書讀愈多,我們愈有學問。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借著...,..能夠..)
例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借著做運動,我們能夠始終保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受詞)+ to + V (..使..能夠..)
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我們絕對不能...)
例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。
十五、It is time + S + 過去式 (該是...的時候了)
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
該是有關當局採取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
違反交通規定的人應該受處罰。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (沒有人不...)
例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.
沒有人不渴望上大學。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考試迫在眉睫,我不得不放棄做運動。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明顯的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (顯然的)
例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知,知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don』t like it.
夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 時間,S + 現在完成式...(過去...年來,...一直...)
例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
過去兩年來,我一直忙著准備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過去式,S + 現在完成式。
例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自從他上高中,他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句:It pays to help others.
幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以...為基礎)
例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社會的進步是以和諧為基礎的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遺餘力的)
例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應該不遺餘力的美化我們的環境。
4. 高二英語重點語法有哪些
高二英語語法重點之一:定語從句
1. 定語從句的基本概念
定語從句在復合句中起定語作用,修飾主句中的名詞或代詞。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般在先行詞之後。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞在先行詞與定語從句之間起紐帶作用。關系詞代表著先行詞並在定語從句中充當一個句子成分。如:
He is the man who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那個人。
分析:the man就是先行詞;修飾the man的who lives next door就是定語從句;who是關系詞,它代表先行詞the man,在定語從句中作主語。
2. 關系詞代詞和關系副詞的用法
依照關系詞在從句中的用法差異,可分為關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有who, whom, which, that, whose等,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等,關系副詞有when, where, why等,在定語從句中作狀語。具體用法如下:
(1)關系代詞的用法:先行詞是人,在從句中作主語用who,作賓語用whom或who,作定語用whose;先行詞是物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語都用which,作定語用of which或whose均可。在限制性定語從句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。關系代詞作賓語時,關系代詞常被省略。如:
A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller。開店售書的人叫做書商。
He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是唯一可能使他聽從勸告的人。
he was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在剛才到達的那列火車上。
(2)關系副詞的用法:關系副詞有when, where, why等,在定語從句中作狀語,分別表示時間、在點和原因。When通常放在time, day, season, age, occasion等時間的名詞後;where通常放在place, city, town, village, house, case, point, situation等地點名詞後;why通常只放在reason後。如:
Have you set the day when you will move? 你搬遷的日子定了嗎?
The book is on the table where you left it. 書在桌子上,你放在那裡的。
We don』t know the reason why he didn』t show up. 我們不知道他為什麼沒有來。
3. 限制性和非限制性定語從句的比較
限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限制或確定的作用,若去掉,先行詞的意思就不明確,它是不可缺少的一部分,它與先行詞的關系密不可分,不可用逗號將其分開。而非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞起補充說明作用,它可有可無,與先行詞關系鬆散,通常用逗號將其分開。因此,有無逗號是區分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的重要標志。在限制性定語從句中that可以代替who, whom和which等;但在非限制性定語從句中不能用that。如:
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他說他以前未見過她,這不是事實。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 後來他遇到瑪麗,瑪麗邀請他去參加晚會。
We』ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我們將把野餐推遲到下星期,那時天氣可能會好一點。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奧伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽車去上班。
注意:關系副詞when, where可引導非限制性定語從句,但關系副詞why只能引導限制性定語從句,不能引導非限制性定語從句。如:
4. 習慣上要用that引導的定語從句
指事物時,在下列情況下,人們通常用that,而不用which。
(1)當先行詞為不定代詞時:當先行詞是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one時,或先行詞被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修飾時,通常用that。如:
All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。
There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敵人無法,只有投降了。
(2)當涉及序數詞或最高級時:當先行詞是序數詞或最高級形容詞時,或者先行詞被序數詞(包括last, next)、最高級形容詞及the only, the very等修飾時,通常用that。如:
This is the best dictionary that I』ve ever used. 這是我用過的最好的詞典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應該做的第一件事是訂個計劃。
(3)當涉及the very, the only, the same時:當先行詞有the very, the only, the same 等修飾時,通常用that。如:
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有這一個。
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原話。
(3)當先行詞包括人和物時:此時通常用that。如:
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他們談論了使他們印象最深的人和事。
5. 通常要用that引導的定語從句
在下列情況下,通常不用that引導定語從句:
(1)引導非限制性定語從句時:此時不能用that,而要根據情況選用who, whom或which等。如:
Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited. 我昨天碰到了瑪麗,她顯得很興奮。
(2)直接在介詞後用作賓語時:此時不用that,而要用whom或which。如:
This is the person to whom your father spoke just now. 這是剛才你父親和他說話的那個人。
(3)當定語從句被分隔時:當先行詞與關系代詞之間有較復雜的短語或從句隔開時,不宜用that,而用who, whom或which。如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我們辦公室里唯一受到邀請的人。
6. 關系代詞who與whom的區別
兩者均只用於人,從理論上說,who 為主格,whom為賓格,但實際上,除非在正式文體中,賓格關系代詞 whom 往往省略不用,或用who或that代之。如:
The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你剛遇見的那個人叫吉姆。
不過,值得注意的是,直接跟在介詞後面作賓語時,只能用 whom,而且不能省略。如:
She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她帶了3個朋友來,我以前都沒見過。
另外,引導非限制性定語從句且作賓語時,who 和 whom均可用,但以用 whom 為佳,此時也不能省略。如:
This is Jack, who [whom] you haven』t met before. 這是傑克,你以前沒見過。
7. 關系代詞as和which的區別
(1)互換的情況:兩者有時可互換。如:
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠,這你是知道的。
(2)只有as的情況:以下兩種情況,習慣只用as,不用which。
①在such, as, the same後引導定語從句時只能用ash。如:
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過他講那樣的故事。
It』s the same story as I heard yesterday. 這故事跟我昨天聽到的一樣。
This is the photo which shows my house. 這張照片拍的是我的住宅。
② 當從句位於主句前面時,只用 as。如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉一周,這是每個人都清楚的。
(3)值得注意的情況:以下三種情況值得注意。
①as 引導的非限制性定語從句應與主句在意義上和諧一致,但which無此限制。比較:
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出國了,這是大家預料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)
②as 引導非限制性定語從句時,先行詞通常不能是主句中某個具體的詞,而應是整個句子、整個短語或某個短語推斷出來的概念,而which 則無此限制。如:
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 這條流經倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
③當as 引導非限制性定語從句作主語時,其謂語通常應是連系動詞,而不宜是其他動詞,而 which則無此限制:
She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又結婚了,這似乎很自常。
She has married again, which delighted us. 她又結婚了,這使我們很高興。(不用as)
8. 先行詞是時間或地點的定語從句
先行詞是表示時間或地點的名詞時,代表先行詞的關系詞若在定語從句中作狀語,用關系副詞when或where引導,when和which相當於「介詞+which」;若在定語從句中作主語或賓語,就用關系代詞which或that來引導。
確定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞的簡便方法是:看定語從句中是否缺少主語或賓語,若缺,用關系代詞;若不缺,用關系副詞。如:
That』s the reason why he dislikes me. 這就是他不喜歡我的原因。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是沒什麼人上班的日子。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到涼鞋嗎?
9. 介詞加關系代詞引導的定語從句
「介詞+關系代詞」引導的定語從句,若關系代詞緊靠在介詞後,先行詞是人時,用whom,先行詞是物時,用which,不用who或that,關系代詞whom和which不能省略。至於用什麼介詞,一般可由定語從句的謂語與先行詞之間需要加是什麼介詞來搭配才講得通來確定。如:
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize. 我把他名字稱呼錯了,為此我表示歉意。
10. 關系代詞作定語的定語從句
關系代詞在從句中作定語表示所屬關系,先行詞是人,表示「先行詞這個人的…」,用whose;先行詞是事物,表示「先行詞這個事物的…」,用whose…或the…of which或of which…都可以。如:
In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still. suffers. 1980年他患了到現在對他仍有影響的重病。
The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 這些寶藏已送往大英博物館,其中有一些是失而復得的。
另外,還要注意以下這類定語從句,which也是用作定語:
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能遲到,因此我們應該等她。
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他發脾氣了,這時我就決定回家了。
He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命為大法官,在這個職位上度過了他的後半生。
11. of whom / which引導的定語從句
在非限制性定語從句中,先行詞作為一個整體,表示整體中的一部分,即表示「部分與整體」的關系時,用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但與表示所屬關系不同,這里不能用whose來代替of which。如:
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大多數都已經擠滿了人,它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。
I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我揀起那些蘋果,其中有一些傷得很厲害。
I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我買了一打雞蛋,六個在我失手掉了盒子時摔碎了。
12. the way後面的定語從句
the way後面的定語從句,關系詞若在從句中作狀語,相當於「用這種方式 / 方法(=in this way)」時,通常不用關系詞,偶爾用that,在較正式的文體里才用in which來引導。如:
Do it the way you were taught. 要照教你的那樣做。
I was impressed by the way in which she did it. 她干成這件事的方式給我留下了深刻的印象。
注意:way後不能用how引導定語從句,但也可以不用way,而直接用how引導的名詞性從句來表達這類意思。如:
That』s the way he did it.= That』s how he did it. 他就是這樣做的。
另外,當先行詞way表示方向時,不用任何關系詞。如:
Was that the way she went? 她是往那個方向走的嗎?
13. 分隔定語從句
定語從句一般緊靠在先行詞之後,但有時它與先行詞之間被一個定語、狀語或謂語分隔開來,這種定語從句就叫分隔定語從句。如:
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you English. 教你們英語的新老師明天來。(先行詞與定語從句被will come tomorrow分開了)
5. 高一及高二上學期英語的重要知識點整理
對不起,我是教理科的。專業是化學和數學。對英語是外行。不好意思,幫不了你。請原諒。
6. 高一高二英語筆記
只怕我的你看不懂
以下是我的心得:
(1)堅持日清。當天的知識回點必須記錄下來。
(2)盡量簡記。我們的筆答記是為自己服務的,只要自己能看懂就可以,而不是每句老師說過的話都記。
(3)每天要閱讀,盡量自己找知識點,如果你的點找的差不多了,你就已經學會自學了。
(4)單詞。這是每個學生的噩夢。我的方法:將一個單元的單詞分成3批,一批大約25個單詞,每天早讀邊讀邊寫邊記,每記5個單詞再回頭記剛剛記過的單詞。當然,效率要高。另外記住的是讀音,不是拼法。
就這些吧
——————————————————
你的問題我無法回答,我家裡沒有攝像頭,也沒有掃描儀~
7. 求高二上學期,語法內容。
高二上學期英語語法總結
Grammar focus語法重點
1.The simple passive form of the infinitives.
不定式被動態的一般形式的內涵及用法。
2.Four functions of the infinitives used as subject,attribute,object and adverbial.用作主語、定語、賓語和狀語的不定式的四種功能的用法。
本單元的語法項目是不定式的被動式,具體講解如下:
①當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者時,不定式一般用被動形式。不定式被動形式在句中可作主語、表語、狀語、補語等。如:
To be obeyed was natural to her.她生性讓別人聽命於她。(作主語)
The problem remained to be solved.這個問題還有待解決。(作表語)
It needs not to be said that they are very happy together.
不必說他們在一起非常幸福。(作賓語)
There were plans to be made at once.要立即制定計劃。(作定語)
He has returned only to be sent away again.
他回來以後又被打發走了。(作狀語)
The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted.
船長命令升旗。(作賓語補足語)
The book is intended to be read and not to be torn.
這書是供人閱讀的而不是供人撕毀的。(作主語補足語)
②在某些句子中,不定式雖表被動,但仍用主動形式。如:
What is to pay?要付多少錢?
The reason is not far to seek.道理很淺顯。
He gave me some books to read.他給了我一些書讀。
We found the report easy to understand.我們發現這些報告很容易懂。
不定式作主語、定語、賓語和狀語的功能和用法講解如下:
由於不定式有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特點,所以它在句中可做主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語、補語等。但由於時間關系,今天我只把不定式作主語、定語、賓語和狀語的用法講解一下。
1)作主語。如:
To see is to believe.眼見為實。
To serve the people is our ty.為人民服務是我們的職責。
在日常英語中,常用it作為語法上的主語,即形式主語,而將真正的主語放在後面。
It is our ty to serve the people.為人民服務是我們的職責。
2)作賓語。如:
I couldn't afford to buy a new car.我買不起汽車。
Have you decided to marry him?你決定嫁給他嗎?
有些動詞常常跟不定式作賓語,它們是:want,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,begin,decide,agree,choose,learn,pretend,promise,mean,expect,desire等。
另外,在一些復合賓語中,常用it代表不定式作為形式賓語,而將真正的賓語不定式放在後面。如:
I thought it right to do this test.我認為做這項實驗是對的。
3)作定語。通常都置於被修飾名詞或代詞之後。如:
This is the best way to solve this problem.
這是解決這個問題的最好辦法。
I have a lot of work to do.我有許多工作要做。
如果不定式和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的動賓關系,且這個不定式是不及物動詞,則它後面需有必要的介詞。如:
He is a good comrade to work with.他是一個很好共事的同志。
There is nothing to think about.沒什麼值得考慮的。
4)作狀語,表示目的、結果、原因等。如:
He went home to see his parents.他回家看望父母。(表目的)
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb you.
我把收音機音量調小,以免打擾你。(表目的)
The problem is too hard to understand.
這問題太難了,理解不了。(表結果)
What have I done to make you unhappy?
我做了什麼事使你不高興?(表結果)
I'm glad to hear the news.聽了這消息,我很高興。(表原因)
I was surprised to see him there.
我真想不到會在那裡見到他。(表原因)
Grammar focus語法重點
The past participle used as attribute and predicative
用作定語和表語的過去分詞
本單元的語法項目是過去分詞作定語、表語。它們的用法講解如下:
1)過去分詞作定語。如果是及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,過去分詞與被修飾詞有邏輯上的被動關系,且表完成的狀態;如果是不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,過去分詞與被修飾詞在邏輯上沒有主被動關系之說,所以不及物動詞的過去分詞只表完成的狀態。但有些表示思想感情的過去分詞如astonished,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,surprised,tired,worried等既不表主動,又不表完成。此外,作定語的過去分詞如果是單詞,一般放在被修飾詞的前面;作定語的過去分詞如果是動詞短語,一般放在被修飾詞的後面。如:
We need more qualified teachers.我們需要更多的合格老師。
He stepped carelessly on some broken glass.
他不小心踩到了碎玻璃上了。
The letter written by my brother is on the desk.
我兄弟寫的信在桌子上。
The TV set made in China are good quality.
中國製造的電視機質量很好。
You can drink boiled water,not boiling water.
你可以喝白開水,但不可以喝沸騰的水。
From his disappointed look,I knew he didn't pass the examination.
從他的失望表情看,我知道他沒通過考試。
2)作表語,過去分詞作表語,多表示主語的狀態。如:
This machine part is broken.這個機器零件壞了。
He looked very excited.他看起來很激動。
有些過去分詞實際上已被看成形容詞了,常見的有:delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,amused,astonished,hurt,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled,upset等。
Grammar focus語法重點
The Past Participle used as Object Complement
用作賓補的過去分詞
本單元的語法項目是過去分詞作賓補,你能把它的用法講解一下嗎?
師:過去分詞作賓補,與前面的賓語有邏輯上的被動關系且表動作的完成。
1)作表感覺或心理狀態的動詞的賓補,它們是:see,hear,watch,feel,find,think等
We hear the music played by the band.我們聽了樂隊演奏這首樂曲。
I found her greatly changed.我發現她變化很大。
Everybody thought the battle lost.人人都認為這場戰役輸掉了。
2)作使役動詞的賓補,它們是:make,keep,leave,have,get,help等
When you speak,you have to make yourself understood.
說話時要讓人聽懂。
Please keep us informed of the latest development.
請隨時向我們通報事態的最新發展。
I must get my bike repaired.我必須請人修自行車。
3)作表希望或要求的動詞的賓補,它們是:want,like,wish,prefer,need,declare,report,order,acknowledge等。這種用法與不定式的被動形式作賓補基本相同。
I don't want any of you(to be)involved in the scandal.
我不要你們任何人牽涉到丑聞中去。
The viewers wish the serial film(to be)continued.
觀眾們希望這部系列片繼續下去。
She needs the work(to be)done before tomorrow.
他要此項工程明天以前完成。
Grammar focus語法重點
The Past Participle used as Adverbial
用作狀語的過去分詞
本單元課文中出現了許多過去分詞作狀語的句子,您能把這一語法現象講解一下嗎?
師:無論過去分詞作狀語還是現在分詞作狀語,分詞的邏輯主語都要和主句的主語一致。過去分詞與主句的主語應是被動關系。過去分詞作狀語,表示時間、原因、讓步或伴隨等,這種過去分詞通常相當於狀語從句。下面我將舉例說明。
1)表時間
(When the metal is)Heated,the metal expands.加熱後,這種金屬會膨脹。(The couple took good care of the baby while(the couple was)occupied by their work.這對夫婦一邊工作,一邊很好地照顧這個嬰兒。
像第二句那樣當強調實踐概念時,過去分詞之前可用連詞when,while。
2)表原因
(As he was)Greatly surprised,he couldn't say a word.
他大吃一驚,一時說不出話來。
(Because she was)Scolded by the teacher,the girl felt unfair.
那姑娘因受老師責備,而憤憤不平。
3)表讓步
Even if(I were)invited,I wouldn't go.即使受邀請,我也不願去。
Though(they were)defeated again and again,they went on fighting.盡管一再遭受挫敗,他們仍然繼續戰斗。
4)表伴隨
He stared at me(he was)astonished.他兩眼瞪著我,驚恐萬狀。
Einstein walked along the street,(he was)lost in thought.愛因斯坦漫步街頭,沉浸在思索中。
Grammar focus語法重點
Noun Clauses introced by relating pronoun「that」
由關系代詞「that」引導的名詞性從句
本單元的語法項目是關聯詞「that」引導的名詞性從句,你能把它的內涵及用法講解一下嗎?
that引導名詞性從句時,本身沒有什麼意思,它只起一個連接作用。①that引導主語從句時,一般不可省略,且可把that所引導的主語從句放在後面,前面用it代替that從句;當然,當主句用了被動語態或是一般疑問句時多用it作形式主語;如主句是感嘆句時,必須用it作形式主語,把that從句放在後面。②引導及物動詞的賓語從句時,在不引起歧義的情況下,that可以省略;that很少引導介詞的賓語從句(中學階段常見的能引導that從句的介詞有:except、but、in等),如介詞引導that從句作賓語,常常在其後加it,在加that從句作賓語。③that從句作表語從句,一般不可省略。④that從句作同位語從句,一般不可省略。請看下列例句:
That we shall be late is certain.=It is certain that we shall be late.
我們要晚了,這是確定無疑的。
It is said that he's got married.聽說他結婚了。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
真奇怪孩子們如此安靜。
He told me(that)he would come to Gu'an the next day.
他告訴我第二天他來固安。
He did come here in that he had another thing to do.
他沒來是因為他有其他事要做。
You can depend on it that he is a millionaire.
你就放心吧,他是百萬富翁。
The fact is that he doesn't understand English at all.
事實上他根本不懂英語。
I know the fact that the doesn't understand English at all.
我知道他根本不懂英語(那個事實)。
如何區別 where 引導的定語從句與狀語從句
1.where 引導定語從句時,where 是關系副詞,在從句中作地點狀語,其前面有表示地點的先行詞,where 引導的從句修飾先行詞。例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
我買這本書的那個書店離這里不遠。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
這就是我兩年前住的那所房子。
We will start at the point where we left off.
我們將從上次停下來的地方開始。
2.where 引導狀語從句時,where 是從屬連詞,where 引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞,where 前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.
武漢位於長江和漢江的匯合處。
Mark a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑問的地方做一個記號。
I found my books where I had left them.我在我原來放書的地方找到了我的書。
有時,where 引導的地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件含義,可放在主句的前面,而 where 引導的定語從句則不能。例如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.(諺語)有志者事竟成。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。
3.在有些情況下,where 引導的定語從句可轉換為 where 引導的地點狀語從句。例如:
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.( = A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。
Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.( = Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.溫暖而多雨的地方最適合於竹子生長。
Grammar focus語法重點
Noun Clauses Introced by Question Words
由疑問詞引導的名詞性從句
[講解]由疑問詞引導的名詞性從句多作主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句,偶爾也作同位語從句。在作上述從句時,其句型結構應該採用以下兩種:
1.疑問詞 + 主語 + 謂語動詞 + 其他
2.本身是主語的疑問詞 + 謂語動詞 + 其他
不管採用哪種句型,其詞序總是正裝的,即主語必須置於謂語動詞前面。
[例句]
1)What you need is more practice.(主語從句)
2)What is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.(主語從句)
3)I can't imagine when we will be able to travel in space.(動詞賓語從句)
4)This reminded me of what he had once told us.(介詞賓語從句)
5)The problem is whether robots will be smarter than humans.(表語從句)
6)Scientists have not found answers to the question why there is no life on Mars.(同位語從句)
Grammar focus語法重點
虛擬語氣
語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。英語中共有三種語氣:陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣。本單元所講的是虛擬語氣。
虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實,而只是一種願望、假設、懷疑、建議、猜測、可能或純粹的空想等。
本單元要學習關於虛擬語氣的以下三個用法:
1.虛擬語氣在一般現在時的條件句和主句中的謂語動詞的形式如下:
從 句 主 句
過去式(be用were) would + 動詞原形
[例句]
1)If I knew German,I would read Das Capital in the original.
要是我懂德文,我就讀《資本論》的原文。
2)If he were here now,everything would be all right.
要是他現在在這兒,一切就都沒問題了。
3)How nice it would be if I could stay a bit longer!
2.虛擬語氣在wish後的賓語從句中的應用。
如果該賓語從句表示一般現在時,其動詞一律用其過去式形式,be用were;如果該從句表示一般過去時,其動詞形式要用:had + 過去分詞;如果該從句表示現在進行時,其動詞形式要用were/was + 現在分詞;如果該從句表示一般將來時,其動詞形式要用:would/could + 動詞原形。
[例句]
1)I wish I were/was as strong as you.
2)I wish I remembered his phone number.
3)I wish I had not forgotten his address the other day.
4)How I wish it weren't/wasn't raining now!
5)I wish he would try again.
3.虛擬語氣在含有as if引導的從句中的動詞形式與wish後的賓語從句中的動詞形式相同。
1)He acts as if he were/was an expert.
2)It seems as if it were/was spring.
3)They are talking as if they had been friends for years.
Grammar focus語法重點
Subjunctive Mood in the Past Tense and the Future Tense
一般過去時與一般將來時中的虛擬語氣
[ ]表示過去情況的虛擬條件句的主句與從句中謂語動詞的主要形式如下:
從 句 主 句
had + 過去分詞 would have + 過去分詞
[例句]
1.If we had left a little earlier,we would have caught the train.
2.If I hadn't taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
3.You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.
[ ]表示將來情況的虛擬條件句的主句與從句中的謂語動詞的主要形式如下:
從 句 主 句
were to/should + 動詞原形 would + 動詞原形
[例句]
1.If I were to study at Harvard University next year,I would major in biology.
2.If he were to/should travel on Mars in the future,he would drive a space wagon all over it.
註:在虛擬條件中,有時可以把表示假設的從屬連詞if省掉不用,在此語境中,就把從句中的助動詞had,should或were移至其主語前,如:
1.Had we made enough preparations,we might have succeeded in doing the experiment.
2.Were they to act like that again,we would/should criticize them severely.
3.Should we fail again next time,we wouldn't lose courage.
Grammar focus語法重點
Inversion 倒裝
主語與謂語有兩種順序:一是主語在前,這和漢語是一致的,稱為自然語序或正裝語序。反之,如果謂語的全部或一部分置於主語之前,就是倒裝語序。
產出倒裝語序主要有兩個原因:語法結構的要求;第二種則是修辭上措辭和安排的需要。下面就是按兩種要求講授本單元有關倒裝語序的知識。
1.主謂倒裝
A)凡表方位、方向或時間的副詞或介詞片語處於句首時往往引起主謂倒裝。如:
1)There exist different opinions on this question.
關於這個問題存在著不同的意見。
2)Here comes the old lady.那位老太太來了。
3)Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
我們期待的時刻到來了。
4)Up went the arrow into the air.
颼的一聲箭射上了天空。
5)Now comes your turn.現在輪到你了。
6)Through the air hurtled a jet-plane.
呼地一聲在天空中飛過一架噴氣式飛機。
B)否定詞置於句首,引起部分倒裝(助動詞或情態動詞移至主語前),如:
1)Never before has our country been so prosperous.
我們的國家從來沒有這樣繁榮昌盛。
2)Hardly did I think it possible.我幾乎認為這是不可能的。
3)On no account should we follow blindly.我們決不應盲從。
C)「only + 狀語」置於句首引起部分倒裝,如:
1)Only after a bitter struggle was the aim achieved.
只有在艱苦鬥爭之後這一目標才得以實現。
2)Only in this way can we hope to improve the situation there.
只有用這種方式我們才有可能改善那裡的局勢。
D)省略了if的虛擬條件句中要用部分倒裝,如:
1)Should anyone phone me,tell him to call me again in two hours' time.
萬一有人給我打電話,叫他兩小時以後再給我打。
2)Had I been informed earlier,I might not have bought the air ticket.
要是早點通知我,我就可能不買那機票了。
2.表語倒裝
當表語置於句首,其系動詞也就隨之移至主語前形成完全倒裝,如:
1)Near the southern end of the village was a large apple orchard.
靠近村子南頭是一個很大的蘋果園。
2)Among its exhibits are computers and mobile phones made in China.
在展品中有中國製造的電腦和手機。
3)Their grandparents are very warm-hearted,as are their parents.
他們的祖父母是非常熱心的人,他們的父母也一樣。
Grammar focus語法重點
Ellipsis省略
在有些英語句子中,某些成分被省略掉了,這樣的句子稱為省略句(Elliptical Sentences)。一般說來在上下文已經交待清楚的情況下,可以省略那些已經提到的或不言而喻的部分。
省略是避免重復、突出重要內容和使上下文緊密連接的一種語言手段。
省略可出現於簡單句、並列復合句和主從復合句中。
一、常被省略的部分
1.省略主語
Beg your pardon?請再說一遍。(省略I)
2.省略謂語或謂語的一部分
He is a doctor and his wife a teacher.
他是醫生,他妻子是老師。(省略is)
I will do the best I can.我將盡力而為。(省略do)
3.省略表語
表語的省略指的是:在主系表句子中,回答其問句時省略表語。這種省略已成固定格式,如果不省略反而不成句子習慣。There be句型的回答以及其反意問句的後半部分也要用省略式。
—Are you hungry?你餓嗎?
—Yes,I am.(hungry).我餓。
4.省略賓語
This is the book(that)you're looking for.
5.主語和謂語(系動詞)一起省略
—What would you like to eat?—你要吃什麼?
—(I would like)Rice and meat.—米飯和肉。
6.在if,when,though,as if等引導的從句中,如果其謂語動詞是be,可將主語一起省略。Don't speak while(you are)eating.吃飯時別說話。
7.一般疑問句的省略回答中動詞只用系動詞、情態動詞、助動詞
Can you swim?Yes,I can/No,I can't.
8.只保留一個主要句子成分,其餘全部省略。
What did you get?A book.(保留賓語)
Wait!(保留謂語)
9.the reason why,the time when等限定性定語從句中可省略關系副詞。
This is the place(where)we came last month.
這就是我們上個月來過的地方。
That was the reason(why)he had not arrived on time.
這就是他沒按時到達的原因。
8. 急求高二上學期所有英語單詞,請您發出來
我列印寄給你~~Q上講
9. 怎樣記好英語筆記高二
記英語筆記的話主要就是把老師講的重點語法,還有把英語中一些慣用內的短語搭配記容下來,然後每天「在理解的基礎上」堅持看一兩遍,其實也花不了多少時間,堅持下去就記得很牢了。如果你把語法搞定了,那麼你的英語就成功一大半了。因為學英語無非就是「語法和詞彙」這兩大塊。語法學好了,就能正確運用你所掌握的詞彙了,而不至於講出來的句子全是Chinglish。
PS:其實筆記還可以收錄一些優美的句子或者歇後語之類的,寫作文的時候用得著,而且還可以提高你的口語能力。