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英語虛擬語氣語法提議

發布時間:2021-02-22 02:17:29

『壹』 虛擬語氣的各種用法

1、主語從句中的虛擬語氣

主要取決於某些形容詞和過去分詞,用來表示建議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。

2、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣

在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和願望等名詞後面的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要求使用虛擬語氣。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。

3、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

某些動詞後所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣,用來表示建議、命令和要求等。其形式為:(should)+動詞原形。

4、錯綜、混合虛擬語氣

通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真實條件句的虛擬語氣模式,從句和主句的謂語動詞時間是一致的,如果兩者時間不一致,此時就是混合型虛擬語氣。

混合型虛擬語氣的使用要求「各自為政」,即從句和主句根據各自假設的時間不同,採用上面表格中對應的的謂語動詞形式。混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實和虛擬假設的混合句,這樣的句子不僅僅是時間的不同,而重要是事實和假設的混合。

5、含蓄虛擬語氣

因為有時假設的情況並不是以if引導的條件從句形式出現,而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在,常用的詞語有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…將如何)等等,這種句子往往有主句而無從句 (考試時多數情況是對過去的假設)。

『貳』 英語中的虛擬語氣,很不好理解

虛擬語氣詳解
在英文句子中,謂語動詞的語氣是用來表示說話人對所講內容的態度、看法以及心情等。 英文句子中謂語動詞的語氣有三種:
A)直陳語氣(The Indicative Mood)直陳語氣用於直截了當地陳述事實、描述狀態: He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已發表了好幾篇論文。
B) 祁使語氣(The Imperative Mood)祁使語氣用於提出請求、命令、建議或是勸告等: Wait outside until you are asked . 請在外面等候,請你進再進去。 Let's just take a break, shall we ? 我們休息一會兒,好嗎?
C) 虛擬語氣(The Subjunctive Mood)虛擬語氣用於表示主觀願望和假設的虛擬情況。虛擬語氣不太顧及事實的存在,它表現出說話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說話人所講的內容往往是與事實相反的;或是其實現的可能性微乎其微,甚至於沒有實現的可能性。當然,有時為了使說話的語氣客氣、緩和、委婉,也使用虛擬語氣。
例如:
I wishyou were more careful .但願你更細心一些。
If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要是有再多一點錢,我就買一套更大一些房子。 Would you mind shutting the door ? 勞駕您把門關上。
用於非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣 條件句分為兩種:真實條件句和非真實條件句。
與現在事實相違背
If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. (事實是:我沒有時間)我要是有時間肯定和你一起打這場網球比賽。
If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.(事實是:我並不是你)我要是你,我會考慮她的建議的。
與過去事實相違背
If I hadn't been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.(事實是:我昨天被某些事纏住了) 我昨天要不是被些事纏住了,我就會去參加你們的聚會了。
If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. (事實是:他沒有聽我的建議)要是他聽進了我的勸告就不會犯這么嚴重的錯誤了。
與未來事實相違背
If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. (假設的情況不大可能發生)要是我有機會試一試,我會用另一種方法做的。 Even if they were to fail, they wouldn't lose courage. (說話人不希望假設的情況發生)即使他們萬一失敗,他們也不會泄氣。
熟悉並掌握好下面的基本句式:
條件從句主句 與現在事實相違背 過去式(動詞是BE用were) Should / would + 動詞原形
與過去事實相違背 had + 過去分詞 would / should + have +過去分詞
與未來事實相違背 1) should + 動詞原形2) were + 動詞不定式3) 過去式(動詞是BE也可以用were) would / Should + 動詞原形
1. 省略If的幾種情況
1)當條件狀語從句的謂語部分含有had、should、或were時,就將這樣的詞had、should、或were搬到句首把句子寫成倒裝句而將連詞if省略。
例如:
If you were the manager here, what would you do? Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是這里的經理,你會怎麼辦?
If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那樣做,他會被立即解僱的。
2) 由某些介詞短語取代了if引導的條件狀語從句。
例如:
Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是沒有空氣,地球上就不會有生命了。
But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是沒有你們的幫助,那個小男孩早就淹死了。
We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那樣的話,我們本可以把工作幹得更好一些的。
3) 由上下文的交代而省略了if引導的條件狀語從句。在這種情況下,上下文事實上就是一個表示違背事實的條件句。上下文如果是由一個句子介紹的,那麼這個取代了if條件狀語從句的句子應該用直陳語氣;而起主句作用的句子則要用虛擬語氣。
例如:
He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .(本句中的上下文是:but he just came back from his business trip,表示:要是他在家沒出差的話)他本來早就來看你了,可他卻出差剛剛回來。
But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. (本句中的上下文是:But that you helped me,表示:要不是有你幫助我)要沒有你幫助我,我的試驗本做不成功的。
2. 虛擬語氣用於某些從句中的情況:
1)在主語從句中在It + be +形容詞/ 名詞 + that從句的結構中,由於某些形容詞/ 名詞的原因,that從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬式"should + 動詞原形"或是"動詞原形"。
這類形容詞/ 名詞常見的有:essential(絕對必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能夠的), imperative(必須的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遺憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(適當的), urgent(緊急的), ty(義務、責任), a pity(遺憾), no wonder(難怪), a regret(遺憾),
例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然會這樣說,真是奇怪。
It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然會這樣想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鳥在樹上安歇是很自然的。
It is necessary that he be sent to Beijing right away. 有必要立即派他去北京。
另外,下列結構中主語從句的謂語動詞也要求用虛擬語氣:
It is ordered that …(根據命令、要求……) , It is proposed that …(人們建議……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) , It is requested that … (人們要求……) It is suggested that … (有人建議……) , It is recommended that …(有人推薦……) It is demanded that …(根據要求……) , It is decided that …(已經決定……) It is arranged that … (已經安排……) 等等。
例如:
It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away. 根據命令,所有部隊撤至三英哩以外。
It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday. 照安排,他星期五動身去加拿大。 It is suggested that the English evening be held on Saturday. 有人建議,英語晚會周六舉行。
2)在賓語從句中某些動詞後面,賓語從句的謂語要求用虛擬式。賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬式"should + 動詞原形"或是"動詞原形"。
這類要求賓語從句的謂語用虛擬式的動詞,常見的有: command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(堅持), order(命令), propose(提議), recommend(推薦), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建議),等。
例如:
He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提議擬定一個執行計劃的期限。
They requested that we ( should ) send a delegation to their country. 他們請求我們派一個代表團到他們國家去。
I suggested that he ( should ) set off for our headquarters straightaway . 我建議他馬上動身去我們的總部。
另外,wish和would rather / sooner that …後面的賓語從句,其中謂語動詞的形式和對應用法如下表所述:
謂語動詞的形式用法
過去式-------表示當時未能實現的願望、意願
過去完成式---表示過去未能實現的願望、意願
過去未來式---表示未來不大可能實現的願望,意願 (注意下列例句:wish自身的時態並不影響從句謂語動詞的形式。)
I wishthat I knew something about programming. 我希望我懂一點程序設計就好了。
I wished that I knew something about programming. 我當時希望我懂一點程序設計就好了。 They wish that they hadn't said it to us. 他們希望他們沒有對我們說過那件事。
They wished that they hadn't said it to us. 他們當時希望他們沒有對我們說過那件事。 I wish that you would get younger and younger .但願你越來越年輕。
The manager would rather that his secretary went to the meeting instead of him .經理寧願他的秘書代替他去開會。
He would sooner that he hadn't born until ten years ago .他寧願他十年以前才出身。
3) 在表語從句和同位語從句中下面這些名詞的後面所接的表語從句和同位語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬式"should + 動詞原形"或是直接用"動詞原形" :
idea(想法), suggestion(建議), motion(動議), proposal(提議), order(命令), recommendation(推薦),advice (建議) , instruction (指示、指令)等等。
例如:
The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders.(表語從句)指示要求,任何人不得在接到進一步的命令之前去睡覺。
My suggestion is that he leave for London at once . (表語從句)我的建議是他立即動身去倫敦。
What do you think of his proposal that we ( should )put on a play at the English evening? (同位語從句)他建議我們在英語晚會上演一個劇,你覺得怎麼樣?
4) 在狀語從句中在某些狀語從句中,要求謂語動詞要用虛擬式"should + 動詞原形"或是"動詞原形"。以as if 、as though(似乎,彷彿)引出的方式狀語從,如果表示真實情況應該用直陳語氣;如果表示非真實情況則應該用虛擬語氣, 其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish後面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬式相同。
例如: He took his umbrella with him lest it rain. (目的狀語從句)他帶了雨傘,以防下雨。
I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. (目的狀語從句)我給你留個座,沒准你會改變主意。
They burned all the important documents for fear that they fall into the enemy's hands. (目的狀語從句)他們將所有的重要文件都燒毀了,以免它們落於敵人之手。
Though everyone desert you, we will not .(讓步狀語從句,這是間或的用法。)即使所有的人拋棄了你,我們也不會。 As long as a volume hold together, We don't care much about its outer appearance .(條件狀語從句,這是間或的用法。)只要一本書不拆開,外表怎麼樣我們並不太在意。
This, if the news be true, will mean a lot to us. (條件狀語從句,這是間或的用法。)如果這消息是真的,那對我們來說就太重要了。
I can still remember the whole thing in great detail as though it were yesterday.(方式狀語從句)這一切我記憶猶新,彷彿就是昨天發生的事一樣。
They are talking as if they had been friends for years. (方式狀語從句)他們談話的那股親熱勁就如同是多年的老朋友似的。
5) 在It is (high) time that…從句中在這個句型中的that…從句里,無論何時、何人稱,其謂語動詞都用"過去式"。
這個句型表達的意思是"該是……的時候了"。
例如:
It is time that we got ready for the final examination.該是我們為期末考試作準備的時候了。 It is high time that we had our lunch. 該是我們吃午飯的時候了。
It is time that he made up his mind. 該是他作出決定的時候了。
6) 在If only…從句中 "If only…從句"表示一種願望或是嚮往的假設,其意義是"要是……就好了"、"但願……"。
這個句型中的語序是正常語序,不倒裝。另外,其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish後面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬式相同。
例如:
If only she could understand my real feelings. 要是她能了解我的真實想法就好了。
If only my mother had survived the disease and lived till now. 要是我媽媽沒有死於疾病而活到現在就好了。
If only he would fine a satisfactory job after his graation. 但願他畢業後找到一份稱心如意的工作。
3. 虛擬語氣用於其他情況 首先,虛擬語氣常用於表示客氣、委婉的說法。它之所以能表示客氣、委婉的意思,就是因為它的語氣是虛擬的;也就是說,講話的人有意識地將其所說的內容虛擬化,從而給聽話人在是否接受所聽到的內容方面留有較大空間、餘地;而至於使聽話人在是否接受所聽到的內容方面感到有壓力或是強迫感。從這個意義上講,虛擬語氣比直陳語氣,祈使語氣更為客氣、委婉、禮貌。
例如: Could you tell me the way to the nearest shopping center ? 你能告訴我去最近的購物中心的路嗎?
Would you mind lowering your voice? 請你小聲點兒,行嗎?
Perhaps you could get better results this way .你這樣做效果或許要好一點。
Which seat might I take? 我可以坐哪個位子?
其次,在一些公式化的句子里也常用虛擬語氣。這些公式化句子的謂語常用兩種句式,即:"動詞原形"或是"may + 動詞原形"(後者常用倒裝句式)。
例如:
God bless you! 上帝保佑你!
So be it then! 那就這樣吧!
May the friendship between our two peoples last forever.祝願我們兩國人民的友誼萬古青。
Come what may, we'll solve the problem by ourselves.無論發生什麼情況,我們都要自己解決這個問題。
4.錯綜時間非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中,我們在條件句和主句中所用的虛擬語氣句式是相對程式化的。
If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now . 如果那個男孩今天下午沒有被救,他的家現在就不會如此安寧。
If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是這台機器情況良好,我們上次就將它用於試驗了。
If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你過兩天去海南,我現在就可以安排我在那兒的朋友去機場接你。

『叄』 英語中的虛擬語氣

耐心地把這看完,你會對虛擬語氣有個透徹的了解。

第一部分:語氣的定義和種類

1 語氣(mood)
語氣是動詞的一種形式,表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。
2 語氣的種類
⑴、陳述語氣:表示動作或狀態是現實的、確定的或符合事實的,用於陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:
①There are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩個方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎?
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師啊!
⑵、祈使語氣:表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如:
①Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。
②Don』t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關燈。
⑶、虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀願望、假設或推測等。如:
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一隻小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!
虛擬語氣在語法里算得上是個難點。讓我們就從最簡單的開始吧。

第二部分:簡單句中的虛擬語氣

一、情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時,表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣,常用於日常會話中。如:
⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎?
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝願。
1、常用「may+動詞原形」表示祝願,但願,此時may須置於句首(多用於正式文體中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好運!
⑵、May you be happy!祝你快樂!
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!
⑷、May you have a good time. 祝願你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝願我們的友情天長地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那個be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用動詞原形。例如:
(1).Long live the people! 人民萬歲!
(2).「God bless you,」said the priest.牧師說:「願上帝保佑你!」
(3).Have a good journey! 祝願你旅途愉快!
三、表示強烈願望。(該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動詞原形,第三人稱單數也不加「s」)
(1).God save me.
(2).Heaven help us.
四、表命令
1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you),而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號:!
3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現在時態(Simple Present),如:work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令語氣,可用助動詞do,加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(3). Be more alert ! (虛擬語氣動詞Be)
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)
(6). Don't be afraid. (口語中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些習慣表達中。如:
(1).You』d better set off now.你最好現在就出發。
(2).I』d rather not tell you the secret.我情願不告訴你這個秘密。
第三部分:名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
第一節:賓語從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虛擬語氣
一、在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,常省去賓語從句的引導詞that。
一)、對現在情況的虛擬(與現在的事實相反):
從句用過去式或過去進行式(時間上是同時的)。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語be和were(was),實義動詞用過去式。例:
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動詞過去式knew)我希望知道這個答案。(事實上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但願我的家鄉四季如春。(事實上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但願我是只小鳥。(事實上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上並不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)
現在他在中國,他希望能懂得中文。(事實上並不懂)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上並不和我們在一起)
二)、對過去情況的虛擬(和過去的事實相反):
用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時,或would, could, might+現在完成時。例:
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我後悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished,had + spoken)(事實上他並沒同我們講)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事實上已遲了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事實上並不如此)
例題分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept
動詞wish後面接從句,表達不可能實現或與事實相反的情況時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,即用過去式(表示現在發生的動作)或過去完成式(表示過去發生的動作)。本題後半句謂語動詞have用的是過去時had
to get up and come, 所以前面要用過去完成時表示過去發生的動作。所以, 選項A)could have slept是答案
三)、對將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀願望):
從句動詞"would/should/could/might + 動詞原形"(時間上較後)(請注意:主句和從句的主語不相同)。用wish表示對將來事情的願望。例:
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安靜一些。(事實上那傢伙還在吵著呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天會到。(事實上她還沒到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵,女孩子可沒那麼容易就改變主意喔)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我們和他在一起,實際上還沒在一起)
四)、注意:
1.如果將wish改為過去式wished, 其後that 從句中的動詞形式不變。例如:
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
我要是那時沒有花掉那麼多錢就好了。
2. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

二、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
由於這些動詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見,認為某事應該或不應該怎樣,這些詞語後面的「that」從句應用虛擬語氣,且均以「should+動詞原形」表示這種語氣,但事實上「should」常被省略,故此從句中謂語動詞用原形,常用的此類動詞有:
表示「要求」的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示「提議、勸告、建議」的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示「決定、命令」的:decide, order
表示「主張」的:maintain, urge
表示「同意、堅持」的:consent, insist
例如:
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, 「The razor and water do the job. 」(當我建議他用刮鬍膏時,他說「剃刀和水就行了」。)
4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他費了幾天功夫尋找理論根據,直到我建議拆開看看它是如何轉動的。)
5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English

『肆』 英語中使用虛擬語氣的口決「一堅持,二命令,三建議,四要求」具體是哪些單詞

insist advice supose 等等吧 哎呀 反正我們上課都講好幾次了 我也從不記筆記 現在畢業了 玩這多天都忘了 你隨便問一個英語老師 應該都知道

『伍』 英語虛擬語氣的一堅持二命令三建議四要求

堅持 insist

命令 order command

建議 suggest advise recommend

要求 ask,demand,request,require

虛擬語氣是說話者用來表示假設,或難以實現的情況,而非內客觀存在的事實,所陳容述的是一個條件,不一定是事實,甚至完全與事實相反。此外如需表達主觀願望或某種強烈的感情時,也可用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。

(5)英語虛擬語氣語法提議擴展閱讀

英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、疑問語氣和感嘆語氣五類。

虛擬語氣的應用條件:在表示假想的虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現的情況時用虛擬語氣,表示主觀願望或某種強烈情感時,也用虛擬語氣。

即當一個人說話時欲強調其所說的話是基於自己的主觀想法,願望,假想,猜測,懷疑或建議,而不是根據客觀實際,就用虛擬語氣。主要是英語語法的一種表達。

『陸』 請問英語虛擬語氣的用法

IF I HAD TOLD YOU THE TRUTH,HE WOULD NOT HURT.

IF YOU WORK HARD NOW,YOU WERE TO GET MASS OF MONEY.

I REALLY WISH THAT HE WERE TO BEIJING

『柒』 英語 虛擬語氣語法

虛擬語氣
1、在非真實條件句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。非真實條件有以下三類:
(1)與現在事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去時 主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如
If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
如果我是你的話,我就請教老師。
(2)與過去事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去完成時 主句:would/should/could/ might +have+動詞過去分詞。如
If I hadn't taken the wrong bus, I wouldn't have missed the contest.
如果我沒有搭錯車,我就不會不參加競賽。
(3)與將來事實相反的非真實條件句,謂語動詞形式如下:
從句:過去時/should /were to +動詞原形 主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形。如
If I had enough money next month, I would buy a of "The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English".
如果我下個月有足夠的錢,我就會買一本《現代高級英語學習詞典》。
(4)混合時間條件句:主句和從句不一定用指同一時間的動詞。如
If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.
假如我以前學過法語,現在就能給我們的法國朋友當翻譯。
(註:if從句與過去事實相反,用過去完成時;而主句與現在事實相反,用would+動詞原形。)
(5)含蓄條件句:有時假設的條件不通過條件從句來表示而含蓄在介詞短語或上下文中。如:
Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earth's vegetation would die almost immediately.
沒有太陽的熱量和光,地球上的植物幾乎會馬上死去。
2、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應用:
(1)用於suggest, order, insist, demand等動詞後的賓語從句,如
We suggested that they (should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.
我建議他們明年去香港旅遊。
(2)用於wish後的賓語從句
①與現在事實相反的願望
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去時…)
I wish I were you.
但願我是你多好呀。
How I wish it wasn't raining!
現在要是不下雨該多好啊! (我多麼希望現在不下雨。)
②與過去事實相反的願望
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去完成時…)
I wish I had learned more.
我多麼希望我以前多學一些啊!
He wishes he hadn't made the big mistake.
他要是不犯那個大錯誤該多好啊!
③與將來的願望相反(願望難以實現)
句型:主語+wish+從句(主語+過去將來時…)
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he could have another chance.
最後一次機會失去了,他多麼希望他能再有一次機會啊!
(3)用於as if (as though)引導的從句
在as if (as though)引導的從句中,如果談論的是不可能或不真實的情況,它們所引導的表示虛擬性比喻或方式的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。動詞形式和wish後面的從句中動詞形式變化相同。
He speakes English as if he were an Englishman.
他說起英語好象他是個英國人似的。
They talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.
他們談論那座城市,就好像他們以前去過那兒似的。
He stood up as if (though) he would speak.
他站起來好像要發言似的。
注意:當as if (though)引導的從句用於動詞seem, appear, look, sound, smell等後面時,as if (though)從句的謂語有時依句意需要,也可用陳述語氣,表示說話者認為有可能是事實的事。試比較:
It seems as if she knew me.
好像他早就認識我似的。 (事實上他不認識我。)
It seems as if she knows me.
好像他認識我。 (事實上他認識我的可能性很大。)
(4)用於in order that ,so that引導的目的狀語從句。如
The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners could hear hem clearly.
教授說的很慢,好讓聽眾聽清楚。
(5)用於It is (high) time引起的從句。如
It is time we stopped this practice.
現在是結束這種做法的時候了。

『捌』 英語虛擬語氣具體語法。謝謝

虛擬語氣應該是強制性的知識點三個第一和第二單元。
下的虛擬語氣兩個常規測試點:

一,名詞性從句應該做的結構,應該被忽略。在名詞性從句,如果存在「命令,建議,要求,計劃」字,無論什麼名詞性從句時,需要使用虛擬語氣的。如:

他建議我們(應)完成任務的時間是賓語從句,提出了「建議」的意思。另一個例子是在表語從句中使用的詞:。

他的建議是,我們(應)完成任務的時間

在本節中,關鍵是要注意:如果句主語和被動動詞之間的關系,那麼他們會使用(應該)做結構,就像同樣的情態動詞的被動形式。如:

他下令任務(應該)按時完成

在虛擬語氣第二個條件狀語從句。子句和主句的動詞有嚴格的要求,具體如下:

子句,則主句

而現在正好相反:沒有/被會/可以/應該/可以做

和過去的相反的:做了會/可以/應該/可能有母鹿

和未來的相反:沒有/是做/應該做會/可以/應該/可以做

例如:如果當時你不幫我們,我們不能完成它的工作原理。

如果你沒有幫我們的話,我們就不能完成該項目。 (相對於過去)。

如果我是你,我會用另一種方法。

如果我是你,我會用另一種方式來做到這一點。 (現在的對面),短語,要注意,我用的是。盡管受試者是單數,一般假設語氣過去時,不能使用了。

這些是基本的規則,當然,還有很多其他的。如:

我希望....這種結構是賓語從句在名詞性從句,但它使用上述相同的虛擬語氣是不是和我在一起。這句話,時態的賓語從句走了一步過去。即:如果相反,與過去時,如果和過去相反,在過去使用時已完成,如果違反了現在和將來與過去的未來。

這樣的:我希望我是一隻鳥,現在相反

我希望我之前和過去相反..

要將所有沒有浪費了很多時間關於具體的,比較難,我建議你看看下面的語法書系統的通話效果會更好。

『玖』 英語中使用虛擬語氣的口決「一堅持,二命令,三建議,四要求」具體是哪些單詞

、在一些表示願望、建議、請求、命令等含義的動詞後面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞版用動詞原形或\"should +動詞原形\"表示虛權擬語氣.這類動詞有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等. 給你幾個例句:例如: 1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他們要求立即撤出侵略軍.
2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建議,由於他犯有嚴重錯誤,應解除他的職務.

『拾』 英語的虛擬語氣

現將虛擬語氣在條件句中的各種具體形式和用法分述如下:1、對現在的虛擬,表示與現在事實相反的假設時,條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用過去式(be的過去式用were.而主句中的謂語動詞用would (should, could, might) + 動詞原形。見下表:條件狀語從句的動詞形式主句的動詞形式If+主語+動詞過去式(be的過去式were.在口語等非正式場合中,I,he,she,it等後面也可用was.但在If I were you中,一定要用were,不能用was.I (we)should+動詞原形主語+would (might,could)十動詞原形1、例句:If I were you, I should study English. (fact: I am not you, so I shall not study English.)If he had time, he would attend the meeting.(fact: He does not have time, so he will not attend the meeting.)If they didn』t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn』t be so healthy. (fact: They take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning. (fact: You often go to bed late, so you are always sleepy in the morning.)If this were the case, it would be very awkward.(fact: This is not the case, so it is not awkward.) Now let』s do some translation: 要是沒有虛擬語氣,英語就會容易多了。If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier. 如果我是你,我就在房屋周圍種些樹。If I were you, I would (should) plant some trees around the house.如果我把頭發染成藍色,人人都會笑話我。If I dyed my hair blue, everybody would laugh at me. Or: I would (should) be laughed at by everybody. 要不是她這么忙,她就會出席今天下午的會議了。If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon. 2、對過去的虛擬,表示與過去的事實相反的假設時,條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時,主句的謂語動詞用would (should, could, might)+過去分詞。見下表:條件狀語從司的動詞形式主句的動詞形式If+主語+had+過去分詞i(we)should+have+過去分詞主語+could (might,could)+have + 過去分詞 3、表示與將來事實相反的假設,對將來表示懷疑,或將來的動作不太可能實現時,條件狀語從句和主句的謂語動詞有以下形式:(見表)條件狀語從句的動詞形式(三種)主句的動詞形式(1)if十主語+動詞過去式(be的過去式用were),通常要與一個表示將來的時間狀語連用.(2)If+主語(任何人稱和數)+should+動詞原形(3)if+主語(任何人稱和數)+were to+動詞原形I(we)should+動詞原形主語+would (might, could)+動詞原形請看以下句子:1)If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off. (說明:The weather has been very changeable these days.) 條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用現在時,表示說話人認為下雨的可能性很大。2)If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (說明:The weather has been very good these days.) 條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用過去時,表示說話人認為下雨的可能性不大。3)If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (萬一明天下雨,我們的野餐就推遲)。條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,說明下雨的可能性很小或沒有可能,如果下雨,那將是出乎意料的。4)If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.這句話與上一句意思幾乎一模一樣。If you should fail, what would you do?要是我明天真的見到她,我就把真相告訴她。If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.萬一明天下雨,會議就推遲。If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.我打賭巴西會贏得世界盃。要是巴西輸了,我就請你搓一頓。I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. If it should lose, I would treat you a meal.4、當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時,動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間來調整。這與以上三種情況不同,虛擬語氣的謂語動詞形式沒有遵循以上規律。For example:If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (從句說的是過去,主句指的是現在。)If he had followed the doctor』s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home. Now let』s do some translation:如果她過去沒有刻苦訓練的話,就不會跑得這么快。(從句動作指的是過去,主句指的是現在的情況)(Fact: She has trained very hard, so she is able to run very fast now.)If she hadn』t trained so hard, she wouldn』t be able to run so fast.5. 以上句型可以轉換成以下形式:1)條件狀語從句省略if:在書面語中,如果條件狀語從句的謂語中有were, had 或should, 就可以省略if, 並將were, had 或should 放到句首,謂語主語之前,用 「Were/Had/Should + 主語」的形式。這種虛擬語氣在意義上與帶if 的條件狀語從句相同。當然,如果從句沒有were, had, 或should,就不能省略if.Now let』s look at some examples:If I were to do it, I』d do it some other way. →Were I to do it, I』d do it some other way.If you should fail, try again. →Should you fail, try again.If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. →Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.但是,If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.這句話if 就不能省略。而且,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略了if的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可以說:Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.但不能說:Weren』t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.Please do not use 「if」:如果我是你,我每天早上就早起床。Were I you, I would get up early every morning.要是明天有會議,我就會來。Should there be a meeting, I would come.2)用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。(可以改為條件狀語從句)。例如:Without air, there would be no living things.But for your help, I couldn』t have done it.Without electricity human life would be quite different today. Now let』s do some translation. 請用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。要不是你的幫助,我就失敗了。But for (except, without) your help, I would have failed.如果沒有恰當的控制手段,核反應堆就會爆炸。Without proper means of control, a nuclear reactor would explode.3)用其他方式代替條件狀語從句(可以改寫為條件狀語從句。)例如:It would proce bad results to do that. 用動詞不定式 =If you did that/should do that, it would proce bad results.She would have come, but she wasn』t informed, nor invited. (用but.)=She would have come, if she had been informed or invited.A more responsible person would not have left the work half done. 一個更負責的人是不會把工作做到一半就不管的。(用比較級) =If you (he, she) were more responsible, you (he, she) would not have left the work half done. 我應該早點寫完這封信,但我一直很忙。 I should have written the letter earlier. But I have been very busy. 要能登上珠穆朗瑪峰,那經歷該多棒!It would be a fantastic experience to climb up to Mount Everest. 6、虛擬語氣省略條件從句或主句表示虛擬語氣的條件句的主句或從句有時可以省略,而省略部分的含義仍有所體現。1)省略條件從句,如:It would be very nice.You could have done it yourself. (省略If you had wanted to.上下文可以看出You didn』t want to.) (Fact: You didn』t do the work yourself because you didn』t want to.)I wouldn』t smoke. (省略If I were you.) (表面上說我,實際上說你。這是一種委婉的表達法。(Fact: You smoke very often. I advise you not to smoke any more.)2)省略主句:在強調條件從句時,常省略主句,這種句子常表示一種「已不能實現」的願望,主要用於If only 引導的感嘆句中。For example:If only he were here!If only I knew more!If only he had stayed with us! Now let』s do some translation:要是我聽了他的建議就好了!If only I had taken his advice!我如果是一隻鳥就好了!If only I were a bird.快用If only 造三個句子,表達你的願望!If only I could live in a big apartment!If only I were a billionaire!If only I could marry her/him! (二)虛擬語氣的其他句型和用法1、用在「wish+賓語從句」中,表示很難實現或不能實現的願望,可以翻譯為「但願…」, 「悔不該…」等。表示現在不能實現的願望,從句的謂語動詞用過去式;表示將來的願望,從句的謂語動詞用「would (could)+動詞原形」;對過去的事情表示願望,從句的謂語動詞用 「had+過去分詞」 或「could + have + 過去分詞」。Wish 後面的賓語從句必須用虛擬語氣,不管這個願望是否能實現。如:I wish it were Spring all the year round.I wish you could go with us.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. Now let』s do some translation using 「wish」:我要是Jane 就好了。I wish I were Jane.他真希望自己生活在中世紀。He really wishes that he were living in the Middle Ages.但願北京整年是秋天。I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round.要是你能同我們一起過寒假就好了。We wish you would spend the winter vacation with us.我要是沒有買這輛車就好了。I wish I had not bought this car. 注意:wish 與hope接賓語從句的區別在於:hope表示一般可以實現的希望,賓語從句用陳述語氣。Wish表示很難或不大可能實現的願望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。請比較:We hope we will succeed. (We don』t know if we will succeed.)We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardly succeed.)2、用在as if/as though,或even if/even though引導的從句中: 這時,如果從句中表示的動作發生在過去,則謂語動詞用had+過去分詞形式;如果指的時現在的狀況,則用過去式(be用were);指將來則用would(should, could)+動詞原形。這里只看從句動作發生的時間,與主句的時態沒有關系。3、在It is (high) time (that)…句型中,後面的從句的謂語動詞常用過去式(be的過去式用were), 或用should+動詞原形(should 不能省略)來表示。這句話的意思是「(現在)該…」。For example:It is high time that you got married.It is time that I bought a car.Now it is time that you made some sentences by using this pattern. Think about what you should do now. 該你用這個句型造幾個句子了。It is high time that I should lose some weight.It is time that I bought an apartment.It is time that we took a rest.4、在 I would rather (that)…句型中,後面的從句的謂語動詞用過去式(be的過去式用were)。這句話的意思是「我寧可…」,表示說話人的意願。I』d rather I were in the rain now.I』d rather you did not tell him.5、用在suppose開頭的祈使句中,從句的謂語動詞變化與as if後面的動詞變化規律相同,用過去式、過去完成式、或過去將來式。意思是「假如…」,但suppose 是動詞,不是連詞。如:Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do?Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do?Suppose Chen Shui-bian should declare Taiwan independent. What would China do?6、用在for fear that或lest引導的從句中,表示「怕…」「萬一…」等意思。從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,should 可以省略。如:7. 在表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動詞,如arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest, beg, move(提議)後面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形,should 可以省略,而引導賓語從句的that 不能省略。醫生建議,即使在節假日人們也不應該熬夜。Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays. :suggest 表示「暗示」時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Insist後面強調的是事實時,賓語從句也不用虛擬語氣。如:The neighbor suggested that his wife was having an affair.He insisted that he was right.Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.8、使用上述表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動詞派生的名詞,或在這些動詞用作名詞時,名詞之後的從句用虛擬語氣,即從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,should 可以省略。從句的引導詞that 不能省略。這與上述第7項類似。如:Our suggestion is that ecation not be instrialized. = We suggest that ecation not be instrialized.The president』s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. =The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.9、上述動詞在It is suggested that…, It is required that…, It』s requested that…, It』s ordered that…, It』s arranged that…句型中,that 之後的從句用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞用should+動詞原形, should 可以省略,但引導詞that 不能省略。如:It was suggested that he attend the conference.It was requested that the trial be openly reported.10、在It』s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that…句型中,that 引導的從句用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形,should可以省略。這個句型表示說話人的意見、要求等。For example:It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.

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