A. 初三英語重點短語和語法
自己整理！！！！
B. 幫我總結初中英語每本書的每個單元的語法。
初一上冊！！！
名詞的復數形式一般在單數後面加-S或-es (構成方法和發音規則)
s在清輔音後發/s/ 如.desks maps;
在濁輔音、母音後發/z/ 如.jobs workers;
es有兩種情況：一般情況下同s，發音是/s , z/
感嘆句是用來表達說話者說話時的驚異、喜悅、憤怒、氣憤等思想感情的句子。其結構常由感嘆詞「What(How)+感嘆的部分+主語+謂語！」構成。讀時一般用降調。主要有以下兩大句型：
一、由感嘆詞what引導的感嘆句。
what修飾名詞或名詞短語，有以下兩種形式：
1. What+a(an)+（形容詞）+單數可數名詞+主語+謂語！如：
What an apple this is!
What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容詞）+可數名詞復數或不可數名詞+主語+謂語！
What kind women they are!
What nice music it is!
二、由How引導的感嘆句。
how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。其結構是：How+形容詞（副詞）+主語+謂語！
How hard the worker are working!
How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writing!
注意：當how修飾動詞時，動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前。
How the runner runs!
三、what與how引導的感嘆句，一般情況下可以相互轉換，轉換後意義不變。如：
What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is!
what a beautiful bulding it is!==How beautiful the building is!
四、在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略。如：
What a nice present!（省略it is）
How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語）
回答者： 萍mm - 護國法師 十五級 6-20 09:38
感嘆句的句型特點及做法：
一、如何快速掌握感嘆句？
學會分析五種基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感嘆句的關鍵，陳述句變感嘆句實際上就是句子成分位置的移動。
例1 She is smiling sweetly.
→How sweetly she is smiling!（移動狀語）
二、哪些句子成分可能會移動位置？
通過對句子成分的分析我們就可以確定哪個句子成分需要挪動位置，一般說來含有形容詞的名詞短語、形容詞短語和副詞短語需要變動位置。位置可能會變動的句子成分：賓語、表語和狀語。
例2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.
→What a funny story Mr Turner told us!（移動賓語含有形容詞的名詞短語）
三、如何確定使用what還是使用how？
當我們做句型變換或選擇題時需要自己確定到底是用what還是用how，一般可以這樣來確定：位於主語之前的是名詞短語時用what，是形容詞或副詞短語時用how。但這種格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N
例3 What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike 名詞短語）
例 4 How fast he is riding!（fast 副詞）
例 5 How cool a bike you are riding!（how + adj. + a/ an +N）
四、如何判斷是否使用冠詞、使用什麼樣的冠詞？
名詞的復數形式和不可數名詞之前不使用冠詞，以母音音素開頭的詞語之前用an，以輔音音素開頭的詞語之前用a。
例6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!（sunshine 不可數名詞）
例7 What a useful book this is!（useful 以輔音音素開頭）
例8 What an old house that is!（old 以母音音素開頭）
五、感嘆句有哪幾種格式？
簡單地說是"兩型七式"：兩種句型是以what開頭的句型和以how開頭的句型，七種格式是
① what + a + adj. + N+ S +V
② what + an + adj. +N +S +V
③ what + adj. + N（不可數） + S +V
④ what + adj. + N（可數名詞復數形式）+ S+V
⑤ how + adj.+ S +V
⑥ how + adv. + S + V
⑦ how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V
例 What exciting news it is!（what + adj. + N（可數名詞復數形式）+ S + V結構）
例9 What good teachers they are!（what + adj. + N（可數名詞復數形式）+ S+V結構）
例10 How warmly they are discussing!（how + adv. + S + V結構）
例11 How beautiful a picture it is！（how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V 結構）
六、以what開頭的句型和以how開頭的句型怎樣進行轉換？
這兩種句型之間的轉換主要是指以下兩種情況而言的:
⒈含有"a/ an + adj. + N "結構的句子方法是把形容詞單獨抽出來放在名詞短語的前面和how搭配使用。
⒉名詞短語作主語而表語是形容詞的句子方法是把主語當作"a/ an + adj. + N"結構的中心名詞而用人稱代詞充當主語。
例12 What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a glass he broke!
例13 How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!
（說明：N代表名詞，未特別說明者代表可數名詞的單數形式，S代表主語，V代表動詞）
七、在感嘆句中哪些詞語常常省略？
常常省略的是充當主語的人稱代詞和動詞be。
例14 What a naughty boy!（省略了he is
C. 初三英語語法要點有哪些請詳細點，謝謝！
展開全部
第1章
名詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
可數名詞的單數如何考查?
考點2
可數名詞復數要注意哪些用法?
考點3
運用不可數名詞要注意什麼?
考點4
名詞前如何加數量詞?
考點5
名詞所有格有哪些特別用法?
考點6
名詞充當不同的句子成分時要注意什麼?
考點7
易混名詞辨析
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第2章
代詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
如何判斷人稱代詞的「格」與「性別」?
考點2
多個人稱代詞並列使用時,如何排列順序?
考點3
代詞it有哪些特殊用法?
考點4
如何區分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞?
考點5
反身代詞有哪些固定片語?
考點6
指示代詞有哪些特殊用法?
考點7
such和the
same如何用作指示代詞?
考點8
如何區分wh0,whom,whose以及what和which?
考點9
區分幾組不定代詞
考點10
怎樣運用復合不定代詞?
考點11
如何運用關系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第3章
數詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
記憶基數詞有什麼規律?
考點2
記憶序數詞有什麼規律?
考點3
如何運用hundred,thousand,million,billion?
考點4
如何用英語表示分數?
考點6
序數詞前什麼時候不用the修飾?
考點7
如何表達時刻和日期?
考點8
「扎十歲」和「年代」怎麼表達?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第4章
冠詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
a,an如何區分?
考點2
不定冠詞a,an有哪些特殊用法?
考點3
如何區別a/an和one?
考點4
初中階段有哪些含有a/an的固定片語?
考點5
定冠詞the有哪些特殊用法?
考點6
初中階段有哪些含有the的固定短語?
考點7
什麼時候不用冠詞?
考點8
初中階段有哪些不加冠詞的固定短語?
考點9
某些片語,用不用冠詞,意思不同
考點10
冠詞在句中處於什麼位置?
考點11
如何用冠詞表示類別?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第5章
介詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
如何用at,in,on表示時間?
考點2
如何使用till/until和by表示間?
考點3
since和for有什麼區別?
考點4
表示一段時間的介詞有哪些?
考點5
地點介詞有什麼用法?
考點6
表示範圍的介詞in,Oil,to如巾區別使用?
考點7
表示方式的介詞有哪些?怎麼使用?
考點8
in和after,of和t0,except和besides有什麼區別?
考點9
初中階段有哪些介詞短語?
考點專練
提高練習
綜合測試
第6章
形容詞
中考預測
真題解析
語法脈絡
考點精講
考點1
形容詞可作主語或賓語嗎?
考點2
哪些形容詞只能用作表語?哪些只能作定語?
考點3
在哪些情況下形容詞作後置定語?
……
第7章
副詞
第8章
連詞
第9章
動詞分類
第10章
情態動詞及虛擬語氣
第11章
動詞時態及語態
第12章
非謂語動詞
第13章
簡單句
第14章
並列句和復合句
第15章
There
be
句型及直接引語
第16章
主謂一致
參考答案
後記
「不考語法的時代」如何學語法
D. 初三英語1到3單元語法復習提綱。
九年級英語各單元知識點小結
Unit1
1. by + doing 通過……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 還可以表示：「在…旁」、「靠近」、「在…期間」、「用」 、「經過」、「乘車」等
如：I live by the river.
I have to go back by ten o』clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 談論，議論，討論
如：The students often talk about movie after class. 學生們常常在課後討論電影。
talk to sb. = talk with sb. 與某人說話
3. 提建議的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don』t you + do sth.? 如：Why don』t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let』s + do sth. 如： Let』s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 許多 常用於句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了許多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I』m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什麼都不想說。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法
三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關。
①aloud是副詞,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動詞之後。aloud沒有比較級形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his son. 他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak, talk, laugh等動詞連用,多用於比較級,須放在動詞之後。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點。
③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位於動詞之前或之後。
如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當眾大聲談笑。
7. not …at all 一點也不 根本不
如：I like milk very much. I don』t like coffee at all. 我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點也不喜歡咖啡。
not經常可以和助動詞結合在一起，at all 則放在句尾。
8. be / get excited about sth.
= be / get excited about doing sth.
= be excited to do sth. 對…感到興奮
如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.
=I am excited to go to Beijing. 我對去北京感到興奮。
9. ① end up doing sth 終止做某事，結束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚會以唱歌而結束。
② end up with sth. 以…結束 如：
The party ended up with her singing. 晚會以她的歌唱而告終。
10. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一開始
later on 後來、隨後
11. also 也、而且（用於肯定句）常在句子的中間（實義動詞之前，be動詞之後）
either 也（用於否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用於肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯錯 如：I often make mistakes. 我經常犯錯。
make a mistake 犯一個錯誤 如I have made a mistake. 我已經犯了一個錯誤。
13. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如：Don』t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做筆記，做記錄
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做…樂意做…
如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。
enjoy oneself 過得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他過得很愉快。
16. native speaker 說本族語的人
17. make up 組成、構成
18. one of +(the+ 形容詞最高級)+名詞復數形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受歡迎的教師之一。
19. It』s +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對於某人來說)做某事…
如：It』s difficult (for me ) to study English. 對於我來說學習英語太難了。
句中的it 是形式主語，真正的主語是to study English
20. practice doing 練習做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她經常練習說英語。
21. decide to do sth. 決定做某事 如：
Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已經決定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引導條件狀語從句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你會失敗。
I won』t write unless he writes first. 除非他先寫要不我不寫
23. deal with 處理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now. 媽媽剛才很擔心他的兒子。
25. be angry with sb. 對某人生氣 如：I was angry with her. 我對她生氣。
26. perhaps = maybe 也許
27. go by (時間) 過去 如： Two years went by. 兩年過去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing 看見某人正在做某事 強調動作正在發生
see sb. / sth. do 看見某人在做某事
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看見他正在教室里畫畫。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard…as … 把……看作為……
如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜了。
31. too many 許多 修飾可數名詞復數 如：too many girls
too much 許多 修飾不可數名詞 如：too much milk
much too 太 修飾形容詞 如：much too beautiful
32. change…into… 將……變為……
如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 這個魔術師將鋼筆變為一本書。
33. with the help of sb. = with one』s help 在某人的幫助下
如：with the help of Li Lei = with Li Lei』s help 在李雷的幫助下
34. compare …to … 把……與……相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 你和安娜相比，你是幸運的。
35. instead 代替 用在句末，副詞（字面上常不譯出來）
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，做動詞
如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I』m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去了北京, 今年我將要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家裡而不是去游泳。
Unit2
1. used to do sth. 過去常常做某事
否定形式： didn』t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
如：He used to play football after school. 放學後他過去常常踢足球。
Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn』t.
He didn』t use to smoke. 他過去不吸煙。
2. 反意疑問句
①肯定陳述句＋否定提問 如：Lily is a student, isn』t she?
Lily will go to China, won』t she?
②否定陳述句＋肯定提問 如：She doesn』t come from China, does she?
You haven』t finished homework, have you?
③提問部分用代詞而不用名詞如：Lily is a student, isn』t she?
④陳述句中含有否定意義的詞，如little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑問句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he? 他一點也不懂英語，不是嗎？ They hardly understood it, did they? 他們幾乎不明白，不是嗎？
3. play the piano 彈鋼琴
4. ①be interested in sth. 對…感興趣
②be interested in doing sth. 對做…感興趣
如：He is interested in math, but he isn』t interested in speaking English. 他對數學感興趣，但是他對說英語不感興趣。
5. interested adj. 感興趣的，指人對某事物感興趣，往往主語是人
interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主語往往是物
6. still 仍然，還：
①用在be 動詞的後面 如：I』m still a student.
②用在行為動詞的前面 如：I still love him.
7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗
8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.
9. on 副詞，表示（電燈、電視、機械等）在運轉中/打開，其反義詞off.
with the light on 燈開著
10. walk to somewhere 步行到某處 walk to school 步行到學校
11. spend 動詞，表示「花費金錢、時間」
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花費（金錢、時間）
②spend…doing sth. 花費（金錢、時間）去做某事 如：
He spends too much time on clothes. 他在衣著上花費了太多的時間。
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花費了三個月去建這座橋。
pay for 花費 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元買這本書。
12. take 動詞 有「花費」的意思 常用的結構有：
It take sb. some time to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
take … to do sth.
13. chat with sb. 與某人閑聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜歡和他聊天。
14. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/某事 worry 是動詞
be worried about sb./sth. 擔心某人/某事 worried 是形容詞
如：Don』t worry about him. 不用擔心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 媽媽擔心他的兒子。
15. all the time 一直、始終
16. take sb. to + 地方 送/帶某人去某個地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一個人把他送到了醫院。
Lui took me home. 劉把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有
17. hardly ever 很少
hardly 修飾動詞時，通常放在助動詞、情態動詞之後，實義動詞之前:
助動詞/情態動詞＋hardly
hardly + 實義動詞
如：I can hardly understand them. 我幾乎不能夠明白他們。
I hardly have time to do it. 我幾乎沒有時間去做了。
18. miss v. 思念、想念、 錯過
19. in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內 常與完成時連用
如：I have lived in China in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內我在中國住。
20. be different from 與…不同
21. how to swim 怎樣游泳
不定式與疑問詞連用：動詞不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引導的疑問句連用，構成不定式短語。如：
The question is when to start. 問題是什麼時候開始。
I don』t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
22. make sb./ sth. + 形容詞 make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 動詞原形 make him laugh
23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
24. it seems that +從句 看起來好像…… 如：
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起來他好像變了許多。
25. help sb. with sth. 幫某人某事She helped me with English. 她幫助我學英語。
help sb. (to ) do sth. 幫某人做某事 如：She helped me (to) study English。 她幫助我學習英語。
26. fifteen-year-old 作形容詞 15歲的
fifteen-year-olds 作名詞 指15歲的人
fifteen years old 指年齡 15歲 如：
a fifteen-year-old boy 一個15歲的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15歲的人喜歡唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15歲。
27.支付不起… can』t /couldn』t afford to do sth.
can』t / couldn』t afford sth.
如：I can』t/couldn』t afford to buy the car.
I can』t/couldn』t afford the car. 我買不起這輛小車。
28. as + 形容詞/副詞＋as sb. could/can/possible 盡可能……的 如：
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 周盡可能快的在跑。
29. get into trouble with 遇到麻煩
30. in the end 最後
31. make a decision 下決定 下決心
32. to one』s surprise 令某人驚訝的是 如：
to their surprise 令他們驚訝的是 to Li Lei』s surprise令李雷驚訝的是
33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸總是以他而自豪
34. pay attention to sth. 對…注意，留心 如：
You must pay attention to your friend. 你應該多注意你的朋友。
35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：She is able to do it. 她能夠做到。
36. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 如：
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已經戒煙了。
37.不再 ①no more = no longer 如：
I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打網球。
②not …any more = not …any longer 如：
I don』t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打網球。
38. go to sleep 入睡
Unit3
1.語態：
①英語有兩種語態：主動語態和補動語態
主動語態表示是動作的執行者
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主動語態）貓吃魚。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被動語態) 魚被貓吃。
②被動語態的構成
由「助動詞be ＋及物動詞的過去分詞」構成
助動詞be 有人稱、數和時態的變化，其變化規則與be 作為連系動詞時完全一樣。
時態 被動語態結構 例句
一般現在 時 am
are +過去分詞
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般過去 時 was +過去分詞
were + 過去分詞 This bridge was built in 1989.
情 態
動 詞 can/should
may +be+過去分詞
must/… The work must be done right now.
③被動語態的用法
當我們不知道誰是動作的執行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者，或者只需強調動作的承受者時，要用被動語態。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事（主動語態）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 媽媽允許我每晚看電視。
be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事（被動語態）如：
Lily is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允許去欽州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
讓/使（別人）做某事 get sth. done (過去分詞)
have sth. done (過去分詞)
如：I get my car mended. = I have my car mended. 我讓別人修好我的車
4. enough 足夠
形容詞＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足夠漂亮
enough＋名詞 如：enough food 足夠食物
enough to 足夠…去做…
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京。
She is old enough to go to school. 她夠大去讀書了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.請停止說話。
stop to do sth. 停止下來去做其他事 Please stop to speak. 請停下來去說話。
6. 看起來好像…sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +從句
He seems to feel very sad.=It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起來好像很傷心。
7. 系動詞不能獨立作謂語，要和表語一起構成謂語。常用的連系動詞有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。連系動詞除be 和become 等少數詞可接名詞作表語外，一般都是接形容詞。 如：
They are very happy. He became a doctor (n.)two years ago. She felt very tired.
8. 倒裝句:
由so＋助動詞(be/do/will/have)/情態動詞＋主語 意為：…也是一樣
She is a student. So am I. 她是一個學生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她剛才去學校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已經完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她將去學校，他也是。
9. yet 仍然，還 常用在否定句或疑問句當中
10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經常熬夜到12點。
11. clean up 打掃 整理 如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已經打掃完了卧室。
12. 程度副詞：
always總是 usually經常 sometimes有時 never從不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我總是/經常/有時/從不上學遲到。
13. 曾經做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. /No, I don』t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. /No, I haven』t.
14. go shopping(去購物), go fishing(去釣魚), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去劃船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
15. be strict with sb. 對某人嚴厲 如：Mother is strict with her son. 媽媽對她的兒子很嚴厲。
be strict in sth. 對某（事）物要求嚴格
16. take the test 參加考試
pass the test 通過考試
fail the test 考試失敗
17. the other day 前幾天
18. agree 同意 反義詞 disagree不同意 動詞
agreement 同意 反義詞 disagreement 不同意 名詞
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容詞 使某人/某物保持…… 如：
We should keep our city clean.我們應該保持我們的城市干凈。
19. both…and…+動詞
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play basketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向某人學習(什麼) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英語老師學習英語
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機會做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有機會做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多
24. 花費 take ,cost, spend , pay
sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) … The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +時間段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
26. reply to 答復某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 如：I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 礙事，妨礙 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社會生活妨礙了她的學習。
29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
30. think about 與think of 的區別
①當兩者譯為： 認為、想起、記著時，兩者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我經常想起那天。
②think about 還有「考慮」之意 ，think of 想到、想出時兩者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最後他想出了一個好主意。
We are thinking about going to Qinzhou. 我們正在考慮去欽州。
31. 對… 熱衷， 對…興趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她對跳舞熱衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她對他感興趣。
32. practice doing 練習做某事 She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 關心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
34. also 也 用於句中 I am also a student. 我也是一個學生
either也 用於否定句且用於句末 I am a student too. 我也是一個學生。
too 也 用於肯定句且用於句末 I am not a student either. 我也不是一個學生。
希望對你有所幫助！
E. 初三人教版英語各單元知識點
Unit1：來by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2：used to be 是源重點 意思是 「過去常常」
Unit3：被動語態 sb should be allowed to do sth 「某人應該被允許做某事
Unit4：虛擬語氣 If i were …，i would …
Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物屬於某人
Unit6：定語從句
Unit7：知識點多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8：put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9：被動語態 本單元重點單詞：invent，be invented ，inventor
Unit10：過去完成時 標志性詞語：by the time,realize
Unit11：賓語從句，注意從句的語序 和先行詞
Unit12：be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14：現在完成時：have done結構
Unit15：各個單元都有一些 單詞表裡單詞的句型
ps:每個單元的標題很重要
F. 初三的英語第123單元的重難點哇~~~~
才三單元，重點不是很多，我就把我們要求掌握的重點告訴你吧。
一單元：沒什回么特別重要的語法問題，但要答記牢單詞表上的短語，中考的時候 他 不考你什麼，就是短語，而且完形填空都要靠他。
二單元：used to do sth 過去常常做某事
be/get uesd to doing sth 現在習慣做某事
這個應該是二單元的重點。 看看筆記上關於他們的否定形式和一般疑問形式。
另外，關於death的幾個不同詞態也要掌握，中考大綱要要求掌握了的
對了，還有書P.16頁那篇文章的語法及短語，一定要記，全是些中考要點
（我們學英語不就是為了應付中考么?至少這是第一目的，是吧）
三單元：不用我說了，被動語態，那個搞懂了，基本沒問題了
希望可以對你有幫助，雖然我說得不是很好。
G. 初三英語的重點短語，及語法…
Unit 2一、知識點1. used to 過去常常做某事,暗指現在已經不存在的動作或狀態. 後跟動詞原形. used to do sth. There used to be ….（反意疑問句）didn』t there?否定形式為: didn』t use to 或 usedn』t to疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?be/get used to doing sth.習慣於, to 為介詞.2. wear 表示狀態. =be in +顏色的詞 put on 表示動作. dress + 人 給某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneselfhave on表示狀態（不用於進行時態）3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,在…供職.4. Don』t you remember me? 否定疑問句.（考點） Yes, I do. 不, 我記得. No, I don』t 是的, 我不記得了.5. 反意疑問句: ① 陳述部分的主語為 this, that, 疑問部分主語用it; 陳述部分主語用 these, those, 疑問部分用they 做主語.例: This is a new story, isn』t it? Those are your parents, aren』t they?② 陳述部分是 there be 結構, 疑問部分仍用 there例: There was a man named Paul, wasn』t there?③ I am 後的疑問句, 用aren』t I 例: I am in Class 2, aren』t I?④ 陳述部分與含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等詞時,疑問部分用肯定.例: Few people liked this movie, didn』t they?但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或後綴的單詞時, 這個句子仍視為肯定, 後面仍用否定.例: Your sister is unhappy, isn』t she?⑤ 陳述部分的主語若為不定式或 V-ing 短語, 疑問部分主語用it.例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn』t it?⑥ 陳述句中主語是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代詞時,疑問部分用they做主語; 若陳述部分主語是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分用it 做主語.例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesn』t it?⑦ 當主語是第一人稱I時, 若謂動為think, believe, guess 等詞時, 且其後跟賓叢,這時疑問句部分的人稱, 時態要與賓語從句保持一致, 同時還要考慮否定轉移.例: I don』t think he can finish the work in time, can he?⑧ 前面是祈使句, 後用 will you? (let』s 開頭時, 後用shall we?)6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 錯過, 未中, 未趕上, 未找到. 例: It』s a pity that you miss the bus. The boy shot at the goal, but missed.8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次數; no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指時間.9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 右邊的② n. 右方, 權利③ adv. 直接地.10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldn』t afford to pay such large salaries.12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強調前者. (若引導主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽光. I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅是他們, 我也願意幫助你.13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人. lonely 孤獨的, 寂寞的.14. in the last/past + 一段時間 ring the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用.15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)16. play the piano彈鋼琴17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 對…感興趣②be interested in doing sth. 對做…感興趣③show great interest in 在……方面產生極大的興趣④a place of interest 一處名勝 some places of interest 如：He is interested in math, but he isn』t interested in speaking English. 他對數學感興趣，但是他對說英語不感興趣。⑤ interested adj. 感興趣的，指人對某事物感興趣，往往主語是人 ⑥ interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主語往往是物 ⑦ an interesting book / man 18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.19. on 副詞，表示（電燈、電視、機械等）在運轉中/打開，其反義詞off. with the light on 燈開著20. walk to somewhere 步行到某處 walk to school 步行到學校21.spend 動詞，表示「花費金錢、時間」 ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花費（金錢、時間） ②spend…doing sth. 花費（金錢、時間）去做某事如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花費太多的時間在衣著He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花費了三個月去建這座橋。 pay for 花費如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元買這本書。 take動詞 有「花費」的意思常用的結構有：It take(s) sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.22. chat with sb. 與某人閑聊如：I like to chat with him. 我喜歡和他聊天。23. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/某事worry 是動詞 be worried about sb./sth. 擔心某人/某事worried 是形容詞如：Don』t worry about him. 不用擔心他。 Mother is worried about her son. 媽媽擔心他的兒子。24. all the time 一直、始終25. take sb. to + 地方送/帶某人去某個地方如：A person took him to the hospital. 一個人把他送到了醫院。 Lui took me home. 劉把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)26. hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有 hard 困難的；猛烈地 hardly ever 很少 hardly 修飾動詞時，通常放在助動詞、情態動詞之後，實義動詞之前助動詞/情態動詞＋hardly hardly + 實義動詞如：I can hardly understand them. 我幾乎不能夠明白他們。I hardly have time to do it. 我幾乎沒有時間去做了。It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.27. in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內常與完成時連用如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內我在中國住。28. be different from 與…不同29. how to swim 怎樣游泳不定式與疑問詞連用：動詞不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引導的疑問句連用，構成不定工短語。如： The question is when to start. 問題是什麼時候開始。 I don』t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。30. make sb./ sth. + 形容詞make you happy make sb./ sth. + 動詞原形 make him laugh31. move to +地方搬到某地如：I moved to Beijing last year.32.It seems that +從句看起來好像……如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起來他好像變了許多。33. help sb. with sth. 幫某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 幫某人做某事She helped me with English.她幫助我學英語。She helped me (to) study English。她幫助我學習英語。34. fifteen-year-old 作形容詞15歲的 fifteen-year-olds 作名詞指15歲的人 fifteen years old 指年齡15歲如：a fifteen-year-old boy一個15歲的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15歲的人喜歡唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是15歲。35.支付不起… can』t /couldn』t afford to do sth. can』t / couldn』t afford sth. 如：I can』t/couldn』t afford to buy the car. I can』t/couldn』t afford the car. 我買不起這個輛小車。36. as + 形容詞./副詞＋as sb. could/can 盡某人的…能力如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她盡她最快的能力去跑。37. get into trouble with 遇到麻煩38. in the end 最後39. make a decision 下決定下決心40. to one』s surprise 令某人驚訝如：to their surprise令他們驚訝to LiLei』s surprise令李雷驚訝41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪如： His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸總是以他而自豪42. pay attention to sth. 對…注意，留心如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你應該多注意你的朋友。43. be able to do sth. 能做某事如：She is able to do it. 她能夠做到。44. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已經放棄吸煙了。 復合句與簡單句的轉化：① when ------ at the age of …② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …③ so that…------ in order to do sth.④ because…----- because of…⑤ if ….----- without / with…⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 簡單句⑦ 賓語從句----特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式⑧ be afraid be sure that +從句---- 動詞不定式 be sorry⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.二、 短語1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣.2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員.3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 體操課.5. worry about. 擔心.6. all the time 一直, 總是7. chat with 與…閑聊8. hardly ever 幾乎從不 9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 10. as well as 不僅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩12. make a decision 做出決定 13. to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚的是14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意16. consist of 由…組成/構成. be made up of 由…組成/構成.17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最後, 終於19. play the piano 彈鋼琴 三、句子1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開著卧室的燈睡覺.3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩游戲.4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我幾乎沒有時間去聽音樂會.5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.6.It will make you stressed out. 那會使你緊張的.7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎變化很大. ——————————————————————這個嗎？太多了。我用郵件發給你。接收以後再表示回應。
H. 初三英語語法全部 新目標的 要求每個單元的分開 就80分啦，拿走
新目標九年級英語重點基礎語法歸納輔導
(一)現在完成時態
1,現在完成時的定義:現在完成時是表示在過去發生但與現在情況有聯系的動作或狀態的時態.
2,現在完成時的構成:現在完成時是由"助動詞have/has+動詞過去分詞"構成的.
①助動詞have/has可以與主語縮寫為've/'s.
e.g. I have → I've We have → We've He has → He's It has → It's
②規則變化的過去分詞與動詞過去式一樣.
③不規則變化的動詞過去分詞見表.Book 3 P255—257
3,現在完成時的基本句型.
①陳述句肯定形式.
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已經吃過午飯了. He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了.
②陳述句否定形式.(在助動詞have/has後+not,可縮寫為haven't/hasn't)
e.g. I haven't had lunch. 我還未吃午飯. He hasn't gone to Beijing. 他還沒有去北京.
③一般疑問句形式及其答語.(將助動詞have/has提前,答語一般用have, has回答)
e.g. Have you had lunch 你吃過午飯了沒 Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Has he gone to Beijing 他去過北京了沒有 Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
否定回答還可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等.
④特殊疑問句形式.(疑問詞+一般疑問句)
e.g. Where has he gone 他去了哪裡
4,現在完成時的三個基本用法.
(1) 現在完成時的第一個基本用法表示過去發生或已完成的某一個動作對現在造成的影響或結果.
e.g. Have you had lunch Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你吃過午飯沒 有,吃過了,我剛剛吃的.(影響及結果:我現在飽了,不需要了)
He has gone to Beijing.
他已經去北京了.(影響及結果:他人現在不在這里了)
該用法常already(已經), never(從不), ever(曾經), yet(仍然), just(剛剛), before(以前)等副詞(作狀語)連用.
① already, just, ever, never常用於助動詞之後,實義動詞之前.
already, just多用於肯定陳述句.
e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已幹完了活.
Would you like to go to see the film No, I've seen it already.不,我已經看過了.(already偶爾會出現於句末)
They have just won a game. 他們剛剛贏了一場比賽.
有時already可以用於疑問句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示驚訝,意外.
e.g. Have you finished reading the book already 你真的已經讀完這本書了 (表示驚訝)
ever多用於疑問句,問初次經歷.
e.g. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner 你跟外國人講過話嗎 (問初次經歷)
never多用於否定陳述句(注:本身表示否定意義)
e.g. He has never done such a thing, has he 他從來沒有做過這樣的事,不是嗎 (否定)
② yet一般用於疑問句(已經)或否定句(還),常位於句末.
e.g. Have you got ready yet 你已經准備好了嗎
He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他還沒完成作業.
③ before一般位於句末.
e.g. I have never seen the film before. 以前我從未看過那部電影.
現在完成時的第一種用法常與以上的副詞連用,因此這些詞有時可以作為現在完成時的標志詞.
(1) 現在完成時的第二個基本用法表示過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態.該用法常和表示過去某一時刻延
續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用.
①與for +一段時間連用,表示多久.
e.g. He has learned English for two years. 他已經學習兩年英語了.
I have been here for three days. 我在這里已經3天了.
②與since +時間(起點)連用,表示自…以來.
e.g. His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991年以來都在這家工廠工作.
I've had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了.
③與since +一段時間+ ago連用,表示自…以前就….
e.g. Jim has waited there since half an hour ago. 吉姆自半個小時前就已經在那裡等候了.
He has stayed here since three weeks ago. 他在這兒已呆了三個星期.
④與since +從句(從句用一般過去時)連用,表示自某事發生後就一直….
e.g. The Greens have lived in Beijng since they came to China. 格林一家自從來到中國後就一直住在北京.
I've known her since I came to work here. 自從我來這里工作就認識他了.
(3) 現在完成時的第三個基本用法表示到現在為止這一時期中多次動作的總和或所做過的工作的量的積累.
e.g. I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京兩次.
We've learnt five English songs this year. 今年我們學了五首英語歌曲.
How many pages of the book have you read 這本書你讀了多少頁了
5,延續性與非延續性動詞在現在完成時態中的使用.
(1)有一些動詞是瞬間動詞,也叫非延續性動詞,這些動詞一發生就結束了,常見的有:come, go, arrive, reach, leave,
begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等.這些動詞雖然可以用於現在完成時(說明某個
動作的結果還存在),但由於它們不能延續,因此不能跟表示一段的時間狀語連用.(也即現在完成時的第二個
基本用法中不能使用非延續性動詞).
e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已經回來了.
Jim has come back for a month. (誤) come back的動作不能延續一個月,因此錯誤.
(2)瞬間動詞不可以用於有段時間的現在完成時態中,因此,若要解決這一問題,就應把它改為相應的延續性動詞
或短語,主要有以下幾種:
①用相應的延續性動詞
如: buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be
put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold
②轉換成be+名詞
如: join → be a member of go to school → be a student
③轉換成be+形容詞或副詞
如: die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over
fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed
④轉換成be+介詞短語
如: come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(軍隊)
e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已經借了那本書.
I have kept the book for two days. 我已經借那本書兩天了.
Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已經加入那樂隊了.
Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已經加入那個樂隊一個月了.
His grandfather has died. 他祖父已經死了.
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已經死了兩年了.
My father has arrived in China. 我父親已經到達中國了.
My father has been in China for a week. 我父親已經在中國一個星期了.
(3)在否定句中,非延續性動詞也可以與時間段連用.
e.g. I haven't borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以來我就沒有在圖書館借過書.
Jim hasn't come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年沒回來了.
6,現在完成時的幾種常見的句型轉換.
現在完成時可以轉化成一般過去時,還可以轉化成"It is/has been +時間段+since從句(用一般過去時)"等句型.
e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已經回來一個月了.
= Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一個月前就回來了.
= It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回來已經有一個月了.
= A month has passed since Jim came back.
I have kept the book for two days.
= I borrowed the book two days ago.
= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book.
= Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.
7,現在完成時和一般過去時的區別:
現在完成時強調的是過去的動作對現在的影響,它和現在有密切的聯系.現在完成時經常會出現下列的標志詞.
如:already, yet, just, ever, never, several times, before, so far, for +時間段, since +時間點或從句等.一般過去時強調的是動作發生的時間,地點,不涉及對現在的影響,所以凡含有表示過去的時間狀語的句子,都必須用一般過去時,不能用現在完成時.
(二)賓語從句
1,賓語從句的概說:賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語.
整個復合句結構如下:
I think (that) I have lost it. 我想我已經把它丟了.
主語 + 謂語 +(引導詞)+ 主語 + 謂語
主句 賓語從句
由此可見賓語從句就是作及物動詞,介詞或某些形容詞的賓語的句子.
2,由that引導的賓語從句.(即陳述句作賓語從句)
(1) 主句的謂語.
① 很多及物動詞後都可接由that引導的賓語從句,如:think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, remember, mean等.
② 一些表示人的感情的形容詞如sure, happy, glad, pleased, surprised, sorry, afraid等後面也可接由that引導的賓
語從句,表示產生這種感情的原因.
e.g. I'm sure (that) he will come tomorrow. 我肯定他明天會來.
I'm happy (that) I see you here. 我很高興看到你在這里.
注意:如果主句與從句的主語一致,可把從句改為不定式,如果不一致,則只可用that從句.如②句可改寫為
I'm happy to see you here. 而①句則不可改.
(2) 從句的引導詞,即that.
在連詞that引導的賓語從句中,that本身無意義,在句子中不但任任何成分,在口語或非正式文體中常常省略.
e.g. I hope (that) you'll have a good holiday. 希望你們假日愉快.
He says (that) the Chinese people are very friendly. 他說中國人民很友好.
(3) 從句的語序:賓語從句永遠用陳述語序.
e.g. Does he know (that) she is a scientist 他知道她是科學家嗎
Are you sure (that) you will win 你肯定你會贏嗎
(4) 從句的時態.
若主句為一般現在時態時,則賓語從句要根據具體情況選擇所需要的時態.
e.g. He says (that) he is ill now. 他說他現在病了.
He says (that) he has been ill for ten days. 他說他已經生病十天了.
He says (that) he was ill last week. 他說他上周生病了.
He says (that) he will return soon. 他說他很快就回來.
若主句為一般過去時,則賓語從句也要用某種過去時態.
e.g. He said (that) he was ill then. 他說他那時病了.
He said (that) he was doing his homework then. 他說他那時正在做作業.
若賓語從句說的是客觀真理,自然現象等,要用一般現在時.
e.g. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉.
(5) 否定的轉移.
若主句的主語是第一人稱(I, we),且謂語動詞是think, guess, believe, suppose等時,如果要否定,只能否定主句,
而不能否定從句.
e.g. I don't think he will come tonight. 我認為他今晚不會來.
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(6) 含賓語從句的復合句的反意疑問句,一般情況下,根據主句主謂語來確定附加疑問句.
e.g. The teacher didn't say that he would come here, did he
但對於有否定轉移的主從復合句來說,其附加疑問句的主謂語須根據從句來確定.
e.g. I don't think he can swim, can he 我認為他不會游泳,對嗎
I believe he is a student, isn't he 我相信他是個學生,不是嗎
3,由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句.(即特殊疑問句作賓語從句)
(1) 主句的謂語:可由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的動詞有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out,
show, choose, remember, forget等.
e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk 你知道誰將給我們做演講嗎
We asked him why he was late. 我們問他為什麼遲到.
I am going to see how Kate is. 我准備去看凱特怎麼樣了.
(2) 從句的引導詞.
由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what和which引導,這些詞在賓語從句中可作主語,賓語,表語和定語,因而不能省略.
e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk 你知道誰會給我們做演講嗎 (who在賓語從句中作主語)
Can you tell me whom you are waiting for 你能告訴我你在等誰嗎 (whom在賓語從句中作賓語)
She asked whose jacket it was. 她問這是誰的夾克衫.(whose在賓語從句中作定語,修飾jacket)
I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是誰的 (whose在賓語從句中作表語)
由連接副詞when, where, why和how引導,這些詞在賓語從句中作狀語,不能省略.
e.g. Do you know when he will be back 你知道他何時回來嗎
We asked him why he was late. 我們問他為何遲到.
I want to know where she lives. 我想知道她住在哪裡.
(3) 從句的語序:特殊疑問句坐賓語從句,仍用陳述句的語序.
e.g. What day is it today Do you know → Do you know what day it is today
When will the train leave I want to know. → I want to know when the train will leave.
Where does she live Can you tell me → Can you tell me where she lives
How did you do it Please tell me. → Please tell me how you did it.
(4) 從句的時態:與that引導的賓語從句的時態一樣.
(5) 注意:① 當what, which, whom, who等疑問代詞作賓語從句里句末介詞的賓語,又引導賓語從句時,句末的
介詞不可隨意省掉.
e.g. I don't know what they are looking for 我不知道他們正在找什麼.
Do you know which room she lives in 你知道她住在哪個房間嗎
②當賓語從句的主語與主句的主語(或賓語)一致,且從句謂語時態為將來時或表示將來意義,如should
時,從句可簡化為疑問詞(why 除外)+不定式.
e.g. I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 我不知道要去哪裡.
I'll show you how you should do it. = I'll show you how to do it. 我將教你該怎麼做它.
4,由if和whether引導的賓語從句
(1) if和whether用以引導賓語從句時意為"是否",該賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來的.其語序,時態變化和前兩
種賓語從句一致.
e.g. Did he like this coat She asked. → She asked if / whether he liked this coat.
Will Mary be free tomorrow I don't know. → I don't know if / whether Mary will be free tomorrow.
(2) 一般情況下,whether和if用於引導賓語從句時可以通用,但在下列情況下,whether和if的用法有區別:
whether後可以接不定式短語,而if不能.
e.g. I can't decide whether to go to Beijing. 我不能決定是否去北京.
當引導的從句作介詞賓語時,只能用whether,不能用if.
e.g. They're talking about whether they can finish the work on time. 他們正在談論他們是否能按時完成工作.
whether引導的從句可移至句首,if則不行.
e.g. Whether this is true or not, I can't say. 這是不是真的,我不敢說.
動詞discuss後面的賓語從句,只用whether引導,不用if.
e.g. We discussing whether we will have a sports meeting next week. 我們正在討論下周是否舉行運動會.
當從句中有 "or not" 時,or not可以緊接whether之後,也可以位於句末,此時,一般不用if.
e.g. Please tell me whether or not he'll come here. = Please tell me whether he'll come here or not.
請告訴我他是否會來這兒.
whether和if一般引導肯定形式的賓語從句,若賓語從句是否定形式,表示"是否"的連詞只能用if.
e.g. We want to know if they won't come truly. 我們想知道他們是不是真的不來.
whether和if除共同可以引導賓語從句,各自還可以用來引導其他類型的從句.
① if可以引導條件狀語從句,意為"如果",whether不能.
e.g. The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow. 如果明天天氣晴朗,學生們要去野餐.
② whether可以引導讓步狀語從句,意為"不管,無論"之意.
e.g. Hainan Island is the place to be, whether it's summer or winter.
不管是夏天還是冬天,海南島都是應該去的地方.
(一)過去將來時
1,表示的意義和用法:過去將來時表示在過去的某一時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,判斷這一時態一定要
有用於表示"過去"的動作,而不是時間,過去將來時常用於主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中,少單獨使用.
2,謂語結構.
(1). should / would +動詞原形,第一人稱用should / would 都可以,其他人稱只用would.
e.g. You knew I should / would come. 你知道我會來的.
They told us that they would come back two days later. 他們告訴我們他們兩天後會回來.
She said she would be free next week. 她說她下周會有空.
(2). was / were going to +動詞原形
e.g. I thought they were going to visit me tonight. 我原以為他們今晚會來拜訪我.
The radio said it was going to snow tomorrow. 收音機說明天將下雪.
3. 某些"移位"動詞如go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return等的過去進行時也可用來表示
過去將來時.
e.g. He didn't say when he was coming. 他說沒什麼時候會來.
I was not sure if he was leaving for shanghai the next week. 我不確定他是否下周會去上海.
3,注意:
1. 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時.
e.g. She said she would ring you when he got to shanghai. 她說她到上海時將給你打電話.
Li Lei told me that he would go to the park alone if you didn't. 李雷告訴我,如果你不去公園的話,他獨自去.
2. should / would 不一定都表示過去將來時,should可以作為情態動詞,表示義務,"應該,應當" 而would 可以
表示客氣,禮貌的請求,你能……嗎
e.g. We should keep our classroom clean. 我們必須保持教室清潔.
Would you lend me your ruler 你能把尺子借給我嗎
(二)過去完成時
1,過去完成時的定義:表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態,即動作或狀態發生在"過
去的過去".
2,過去完成時的構成:過去完成時是由"助動詞had+動詞過去分詞"構成的.助動詞had可以與主語縮寫為'd
e.g. I had… → I'd He had… → He'd
3,過去完成時的基本句型與現在完成時的基本句型基本一樣.
陳述句肯定形式:
e.g. They had read the book. She had arrived at Chaozhou.
陳述句否定形式:在助動詞had後+not, 可縮寫為hadn't
e.g. They hadn't read the book. She hadn't arrived at Chaozhou.
一般疑問句形式及其答語:將助動詞had提前,答語一般也用had回答
e.g. Had they read the book Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
Had she arrived at Chaozhou Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
特殊疑問句形式:疑問詞+一般疑問句
e.g. What had they read Where had she arrived
4,過去完成時的基本用法.
(1). 表示在過去某一時間之前已經發生或完成的動作,常與介詞"by / before+過去的時間"構成的短語連用.
e.g. We had learned one thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上學期結束時,我們已經學了一千個單詞.
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到愛迪生10歲的時候,他已給自己建了一個實驗室.
He had got up before six o'clock yesterday morning. 昨天早上6時以前他就起床了.
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They had planted 1000 trees before 2000. 2000年以前他們已經種了1000顆樹.
(2). 表示在過去某一動作之前就已經發生或完成了的動作,動作在前的用過去完成時,在後的用一般過去時.
e.g. He told me that he had sent a letter to me.
他說他已經給我寄來了一封信.("寄"先於"告訴")
該用法也常與when, before等引導的從句連用.
e.g. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
當我來到電影院時,電影已經開始了.("開始"先於"到達")
Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
在我回到家之前,媽媽已做好了晚飯.("煮飯"先於"到家")
After I had finished reading the novel, I went to sleep.
在我讀完這部小說之後,我睡覺了.("讀完"先於"睡覺")
注意,因為after和before本身已表達了動作的先後關系,所以謂語動詞常用一般過去時代替過去完成時.
e.g. After he finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作業後他便上床睡覺了.
Where did you study before you came here. 你來這兒之前你在哪裡學習.
還可以通過上下文表示.
e.g. I met him yesterday. We hadn't met each other for a long time.
昨天我遇到了他,我們彼此很久沒有見面了.
(3). 表示從過去某一時間開始,持續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態,往往與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或
從句連用.
e.g. Mr. Wang had taught in the school for six years before I came here.
在我來這兒之前,王老師已在這所學校任教了六年.
I received a letter from Tom last week. We had not heard from him since 1998.
上周我收到了湯姆的一封信.自從1998年以來我從未收到他的來信.
5,不用過去完成時的三種情況.
句子如有yesterday, last year, in 1996, three years ago等表示很確定的過去時間的狀語,強調某動作或狀態在該時間發生,謂語動詞必須用一般過去時.
e.g. He was a worker three years ago. 三年前他是個工人.
He came here yesterday. 他昨天來過這兒.
漢語中雖然有"了""曾""過"等表示動作完成的字眼,但沒有說明該動作是在過去某一時間或動作之前完成的,譯成英語時要用一般過去時,不用過去完成時.
e.g. They finished reading five English story-books last year. 去年他們讀完了五本英語故事書.
They went to Japan last year. 他們去年曾去過日本.
敘述在過去連續發生的兩件以上的事,雖然時間有先後之別,但仍用一般過去時.
e.g. He got up quickly, ate a light breakfast and hurried to school by bike.
他飛快的起床,稍稍地吃了早飯,快速地騎車奔學校而去.
(三)動詞不定式作主語.
動詞不定式(短語),可以直接放置於句首擔當句子主語.
e.g. To say is easy, but to do is difficult. 說起來容易,做起來難.
To learn a foreign languages is not easy. 學好一門外語不容易.
動詞不定式作主語的句子,通常可以用形式主語"it"代替,同時把真正的主語,即動詞不定式(短語)放在後面,以使句子平衡.即構成句型It + be +形容詞+to do sth.
e.g. It's easy to say, but it's difficult to do. It's not easy to learn a foreign language.
如果要表示不定式動作的執行者,就在It + be +形容詞+to do sth該句型中的不定式之前加for sb或of sb.
①在形容詞hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, impossible, good, helpful, useful, dangerous, safe等之後常用for sb,即構成句型:It + be + 形容詞+for sb to do sth.
e.g. It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language well. 對我們來說學習好一門外語不容易.
It's dangerous for you to swim in the river. 在那河裡游泳對你來說很危險.
該句型中的形容詞修飾的是不定式,強調的是做某事怎麼樣.
②在形容詞nice, kind, clever, foolish(愚蠢的), polite(有禮貌的), careless, careful等之後,常用of
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sb,即構成句型:It + be + 形容詞+of sb + to do sth
e.g. It is very kind of you to help me. 你能幫助我,你真是太好了.
It was wrong of them to cut the trees. 他們砍伐樹木是不對的.
該句型中的形容詞主要修飾人,表示某人的性質或特徵,強調的是這個人怎麼樣.
it作形式主語時,其後的謂語也可以是實義動詞.
e.g. It took us five hours to get there. 我們用了5小時到達那裡.
It made me happy to find my friends there. 發現朋友在那裡令我很高興.
動詞不定式與疑問詞how, what, when, where, which等構成不定式短語,也可作主語.
e.g. How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用電腦是個問題.
Where to go has not been decided. 去哪兒還沒有定下來.
注意:主語,表語都為動詞不定式時,不能用形式主語it代替不定式.
e.g. To see is to believe. 眼見為實.
(四)定語從句
定語從句的概念:在復合句中,用來修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之後,對先行詞起修飾限定作用.
e.g. He is the man who I want to see.
先行詞 關系詞 定語從句
定語從句的引導詞:
定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞that, which, who (whom, whose)和關系副詞where, when, why兩種,關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯系作用,同時又在定語從句中充當一定成分.
關系代詞引導的定語從句:
如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,關系代詞應用who (whom, whose) 和that.
e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作主語)
這就是昨天給我們作報告的小王.
The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that
I. 初三英語知識點（全部）
Unit1：by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2：used to be 是重點 意思是 「過去常常」
Unit3：被動語態 sb should be allowed to do sth 「某人應該被允許做某事
Unit4：虛擬語氣 If i were …，i would …
Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物屬於某人
Unit6：定語從句
Unit7：知識點多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8：put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9：被動語態 本單元重點單詞：invent，be invented ，inventor
Unit10：過去完成時 標志性詞語：by the time,realize
Unit11：賓語從句，注意從句的語序 和先行詞
Unit12：be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14：現在完成時：have done結構
Unit15：各個單元都有一些 單詞表裡單詞的句型
ps:每個單元的標題很重要
過去常常做某事 used to do sth 習慣做某事 be used to doing sth 激光唱機 a CD player 輸入 put into 全神貫注於……中 put one』s heart into 想出、提供 come up with 拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb 把某物借給某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 帶給某人知識 give sb knowledge 在校園內的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘記要做某事 forget to do sth 忘記曾經做過的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day 上一周 last week 幾天以後 several days later 遲早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse 為……而付款 pay for… 所借的書 borrowed books 在國外 be abroad 整理床鋪 make the bed 把某物歸還給某人 return sth to sb 從某人處得到某物get sth from sb 順手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓勵某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth Unit 2 水上運動 water sports 一天三次 three times a day 嘗試 have a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world 許許多多、大量 a large number of 一年到頭，終年 all the year round 不管 no matter 放棄做某事 give up doing sth 放棄工作 give up one』s job 以沖浪為生 live to surf 看起來令人興奮 look exciting 因……而著名 be famous for 在A和B之間 between A and B 例如 for example 從那時起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant 休息一晚 have a night off 使某人舒暢（開心）make sb fit 樂趣無窮 such great fun 動身去某地 leave for sw. 一等獎 first prize 沖浪競賽 a surfing competition 奧林匹克運動會 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business 時光飛逝，光陰似箭，日月如梭 (How) time flies! 迄今為止 so far 到某處旅遊 travel to sw. 試著做某事 trying doing sth 盡力做某事 try to do sth 一個十二歲的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 實現 come true 走進、踏入 step into 減速 slow down 又過了兩個小時 another two hours 高度贊揚 speak highly of 因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth 是…..的驕傲 be the pride of sb Unit 3 造紙廠 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out 傾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、廢水 waste water 害怕某事（物） be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 傳到某人耳中 come to one』s ears 將某物投入 throw sth in 將某物投入某處 throw sth into sw. 幫助做某事 help (to) do sth 保持城市整潔 keep the city clean 保護環境 protect the environment 綠化中國 Greener China 亂丟某物 litter / throw sth about 以……為根據 base on /be based on 在公共場所吐痰 spit in a public place 為干某事而做出(巨大)貢獻 make a (great) contribution to doing sth 砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的車 a truck collecting rubbish Unit 4 盡快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can 現在 right now 乘飛機旅行 travel by plane/ air 匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火車旅途 a train ride 打的前往 take a taxi to 卧鋪車箱 a sleeping car 四處走走 walk around 感到疲憊 feel tired 打牌 play cards 一直不斷干某事 keep doing sth 不斷老是做某事 keep on doing sth 為某人提供某物 offer sb sth 練習干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep 持久 last long 持續一段時間 last for some time 旅行 go on a trip/ have a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures 趕快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one』s life 留言 leave a message 沖洗, 顯影 come out Unit 5 過來、加油 come on 開家庭會議 have a family meeting 談論 talk about 去度假 go for a holiday / go on holiday 決定干某事 decide to do sth 潛水 scuba diving 在網際網路上 on the Internet 上網查尋 search the Internet 雙擊左鍵 double left click 網際網路圖標 the Internet icon 鍵入網址 type in the Website 按回車鍵 press the enter button 花市 a flower market 馴鹿公園 a deer park 單程 one-way trip 往返雙程 round trip 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列車 a fast train 向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along 請稍等 just / wait a minute Unit 6 報警 call the police 出事故 have an accident 去沖浪 go surfing 騎馬 ride a horse 拜訪某人 visit sb 允許某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 使它成為可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine 對……感興趣 be interested in 攝像 make videos 製作電視節目 make a TV show 對……感到驚訝 be amazed /surprised at 保護環境 save /protect the environment 保持某物清潔 keep sth clean 清理、打掃 clean up 鼓勵某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth 參加……活動 take part in sth /doing sth 長達…… as long as… 在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……為生、為主食 feed on… 在沙灘上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 去看望、拜訪某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of 就這么定了。 That』s a deal. Unit 7 能 be able to 持續做…… keep doing sth 讓某人持續做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、從事、致力於…… work on sth 改變世界 change the world 試驗新的想法（創新）try out new ideas 在校上學 be in school 與……無/有關 have nothing / something to do with… 對……感興趣 be interested in 在12歲時 at the age of 12 鐵軌 railway tracks 沖過去 rush out 把孩子抱到安全地帶carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that… 對……評價高，看重 think a lot of 考慮、關心 think of 開發 open up 關小 turn dow ...
J. 初三英語1~7單元語法
九上Unit1教學語法點
A:
語態是動詞的一種形式，它用來表示句中主語同謂語動詞之間的關系。
英語有兩種語態， 主動語態和被動語態， 主動語態表示主語是謂語動詞動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。例如：
I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音機。
The radio has been repaired.
收音機被修好了。
The students cleaned the classroom.
學生們打掃了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被學生們打掃了。
被動語態的構成：
be + 過去分詞
A building was damaged by the storm.
暴風雨毀壞了一座建築物。
Our plate was made in China.
我們的盤子是中國生產的。
My bike was stolen.
我的自行車被盜了。
常用的被動語態的時態變化如下，以 ask 為例：
一般 進行 完成
現在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
過去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
將來I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
過去將來I shall be asked
被動語態的疑問句是把助動詞提前到句首。
Has your TV set been repaired?
你的電視機修了嗎？
Was the kite broken?
風箏破了嗎？
Has the work been done?
工作結束了嗎？
被動語態的否定式是在助動詞後面加 not.
The letter has not been sent out.
信還沒有發出去。
The little boy has not been found out.
小孩還沒有找到。
The cap has not been mended yet.
帽子還沒有補好。
Their money has not been sent to them.
他們的錢還沒有送到他們手中。
被動語態的用法：
被動語態表示一種主語和謂語之間的關系，當主語是動作的承受者時， 就需要用到被動語態，漢語中所說的，「汽車被撞壞了」「鋼筆被修好了」 等句子就是一種被動語態的句子，在漢語中常用「被」「由」等詞來表示這種被動語態。在英語中則用動詞的被動語態形式來表示。被動語態中還可用 by 短語加在句後表示被動語態中動作的發出者。也就是謂語動詞動作的邏輯上的主語，被動語態常用在下列情況。
1) 不知道誰是謂語動詞動作的執行者時，或者沒有必要說出誰是執行者時。
The glass was broken last night.
玻璃昨天被打破了。
His bike has been stolen.
他的自行車被偷了。
He was asked to go there once more.
他被要求再去那兒一次。
The bag was put into the box.
袋子放在了箱子里。
2) 為了強調或突出動作的承受者時。
The plan has been sent to the headmaster.
計劃已經送給校長了。
Kilinton was elected the President of U.S.A.
柯林頓被選為美國總統。
Five people were hurt in the explosion.
五個人在這次爆炸中受傷。
A new building was set up in a short time.
新大樓短期就建成了。
3) 被動語態也可以說出動作的執行者，構成如下：
動作承受者 + be + 過去分詞 + by + 動作執行者。
The picture was praised by everybody.
照片得到了大家的好評。
The classroom was cleaned by us.
教室被我們打掃過。
The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi.
這座橋是山西的工人建的。
The little boy was found by the police.
小孩被警察找到了。
有關被動語態的幾個問題：
1) "be + 過去分詞" 並非都是被動語態，系動詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞後面的過去分詞已轉化為形容詞，作表語用，表示某種狀態。
I'm interested in mathematics.
我對數學感興趣。
He seems unsatisfied with his work.
他看起來對他的工作不滿意。
We are determined to catch up with the developed countries.
我們決心要趕上發達國家。
The song is called "Don't forget me".
歌曲的名字叫「勿忘我」。
某些動詞用主動語態來表示被動含義。
The food tastes good.
食物很香。
It smells strange.
這有怪味。
The stone feels very cold.
石頭摸起來很冷。
The woman's clothes sell well.
女裝賣的快。
3) 一般情況下，及物動詞才能構成被動語態，但有些不及物動片語成短語後，也可構成被動語態。
He was looked down upon because of his egoism.
他因自私而受人冷落。
The children were taken good care of in the the orphanage.
孩子們在孤兒院受到了良好的照顧。