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蘇教版初二英語下冊語法

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『壹』 初二英語下冊每單元語法講解和語法練習

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『貳』 八年級下冊英語語法大全

a pair of一雙,一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭,全年
all kinds of各種,各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現,發生
come true實現,達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sbget along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處(好)
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來,將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)謝謝(做)
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻,馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠(特別
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 讓某人干

『叄』 初二下學期英語語法

1 、賓語從句:

如果一個句子作為動詞或介詞的賓語,稱為賓語從句。

(1) 如果一個特殊疑問句作某個動詞或介詞的賓語,一定要用其陳述的語序。如: they often ask him where he is from.. 不能說成: they often ask him where is he from.

(2) 某些特殊疑問句作賓語可以簡寫成「特殊疑問句 +to do」 的形式。例如: i am thinking about what to say < what i should say.> 我正在考慮我該說點兒什麼。

練習:

一, 選擇題;

( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to tell b.tell c.telling d.told

( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in

( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly

b.for short c.easy d.easily

( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.

a.are b.is c.will d.were

( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day

c.womens day d.women day

二, 改錯題:

( ) 1.every here like english very much.

a b c d

( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.

a b c d

( )3.in england, you never cant put their family name first.

a b c d

( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.

a b c d

( )5.id like to buy something for mr wu in teachersday.

a b c d

三、 單項選擇:

( ) 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with

( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.making

( )3.in england , people never use the first name their family name.

a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after

( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.

a.new anything b,new something c.anything new d.something new

( )5.everyone is here. nobody is-----------

a.not away b,away c.not out d.go

( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for

( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?

a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks

( )8.come to my office after school, tom. lets a talk about your

lessons.

( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------

a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher

( )10.david william lewis is called when we meet him for

the first time.

a.dave b.david c.mr lewis d.mr willian

( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call

him-------

a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert

( )12. something about your family, ok?

a.say b.tell c.speak d.talk

( )13.you can call me bob, you should never call me mr bob.

a.but b.or c.and d./

( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.

a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with

( )15,im very glad the news.

a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening

( ) 16.what about to the great wall hotel ?

a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 語法 :

2. 一般將來時 : be going to 結構的用法 :

(1) 用 be going to+ 動詞原形表示 」 將要發生的事情或主觀上打算 , 計劃 , 決定要做的事 . 其後的時間狀語通常為表示短期或近期含義的短語或表示固定時間的從句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow evening, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等

(2) be going to 結構中 ,be 是助動詞 , 要按句中主語的人稱和數的變化而變化 . 其後要接動詞的原形 . 該句的否定式是在 be 後面加 not, 其疑問式將 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to help her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow evening. /are they going to have a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be

an english call tomorrow afternoon..

(3), 在英語中 , 表示位置轉移的動詞 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, leave, stay, 等 , 可用現在進行時表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事 , 不必用 be going to 結構 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一個人飛往南京 . are you driving home ? 你開車回家嗎 ?

練習:

單項選擇題:

( ) 1.what are you going to do friday evening ? a.in b.on c.at d.of

( )2.do you have to do every day ?

a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works

( )3.what about meat for supper ?

a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any

( )4. ann her hair this saturday .

a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash

( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.

a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so

( )6. these new shoes are for .

a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you

( )7. would you like boating ?

a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to

( )8. why not there by bus ?

a.to go b.goes c. go d .going

( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.

a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why

( )10.i s li ming good singing ?

a.at b.in c.on d. for

( )11.i have some books .

a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading

( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .

a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home

( )13. kate has good friends at school.

a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of

( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .

a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by

( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .

a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads

( )16. they are going to play football next friday.

a.on b./ c.in d.at

( )17. lets now .

a.going to the park b.to play games c.are singing d.have a rest

3 . 形容詞的比較級和最高級的用法:

(1) 表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級,常用於「比較級 +than 」結構。如:

this box is heavier than that one . 這個盒子比那個重。

he is much taller than i < am > ,< 口語一般用 me >. 他比我高很多。通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , even 等詞修飾比較級。還可以用「數詞 + 名詞」構成的名詞短語表示確定的度量,來修飾比較級。如:

i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的小弟弟大了十歲。

(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比較時用最高級,常用於「最 -----「.

最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞 the, 後面可帶 of<in> 短語來說明比較的范圍。如: the one with nuts is the nicest of all . 裡面夾果仁的月餅是所有月餅中最好吃的。 li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他們班英語學得最好。

此外,最高級還可以被序數詞所修飾。如:

the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黃河是中國第二大長河。

一, 根據句意填入適當的詞:

1,they are having tea the open air .

2,thank you very much your help.

3,would you like to come supper?

4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.

5,this is a book many colour picture

6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.

7,this bottle is empty .may i have a one ?

8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.

9, is the third season of a year.

二, 句子改寫:

ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 變為一般疑問句 )

—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?

2,jims box is the heaviest of all.( 變為否定句 )

jims box _____the heaviest of all.

3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 對劃線部分提問 )

_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?

4,li lei is thirteen. zhang hong is twelve.( 連成一句 )

li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.

5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同義句改寫 )

tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.

6,he watches tv every evning.( 用 this evening 替換 every evening)

he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this evening.

三, 用所給的詞的適當形式填空:

1,i have nothing_____(do) today.

2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?

3,what kind of _____(ck) are you feeding now?

4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.

5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?

6can you hear something_______(sing) in the next room?

7,stop_____(play). now lets have our lesson.

8what _____(grow)on this farm?

9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).

10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).

四, 根據句意填上一個最恰當的詞,使句子通順,語法正確:

1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.

3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?

5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at

home. 7,my little dog is hungry. i must _____it.

8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.

9,what are you going to do after you _____school?

10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五,句型轉換:

1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.

______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.

2,do you have time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?

3, lets have a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____have a rest.

4, which is the way to the station, please ?

______ _____the station, please?

5,i dont know. i have _____ ______.

6,the post office is not inside the station.

the post office is______the station.

7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.

8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm

work.

9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.

this pen is_____ ______in the shop.

五, 動詞的適當形式填空:

1. listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?

2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.

it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.

3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______

(do) it at home now .

4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______

(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?

6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?

4 .提建議的表達方法:

ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 動詞原形 )------ ?表示「我 / 我們 ----- 好嗎?」 例: shall we go to the zoo? 我們去動物園好嗎?

ⅱ、 lets do( 動詞原形 )------ 。表示「讓我們做 ----- 吧」

例: lets make it half past one. 讓我們定在一點半吧。

iii 、 why not do( 動詞原形 )------ 表示「為什麼不做 ----- 呢?」

例: why not give her some flowers? 為什麼不送給她一些花呢?

5 .怎樣「表示需要」、「詢問方向」和「指點方向」

i .表示需要: 1.he needs some help . 2.you need a number 16 bus.

3.which number do i need ?

ii. 怎樣「問路(詢問方向)」:

1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the post office?

2.excuse me. can(could) you tell me the way to the park?

3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?

4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?

5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?

6.excuse me.can(could) you tell me how i can get to the hospital?

7.excuse me,can(could) you tell me where the theatre is?

8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?

iii. 怎樣「指點道路」(指點方向):

1 、 its over there on the right /left.

2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.

3 、 walk along /do down this road.

4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the

first turning.

5、 ts about two hundred metres along on the left /right .

6、 ts about five kilometers away.

a) its about ten minutes 『 walk from here.

b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.

c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.

6. 序數詞的用法:表示事物的順序叫序數詞。序數詞往往與定冠詞 the 連用。

( 1 ), 1----3 ,沒有規律,要逐個記憶。

one first ; two second ; three third ;

(2). 4-----12. 有規律,其中 four, six , seven ,ten , eleven 是在基數詞的後面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是沒有規律,要逐個記憶。

(3). 13------20 有規律,是在基數詞的後面加上 th 就行。

( 4 )。第二十至第九十的整十的倍數都是在基數詞後將詞尾的 -y 改為 i, 再加 -eth 構成的。

( 5 ),十位以上的基數詞變成序數詞時,把個位數變成序數詞即可,十位數不變。第一百、第一千、第一百萬都是在基數詞的後面直接加上 -th 構成。

( 6 ),序數詞的縮寫形式是由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最後兩個字母構成。

附: 基數詞變為序數詞的口訣:

基變序,有規律,詞尾加上 th ;

一、二、三,特殊記,詞尾字母 t,d,d ;

八減 t , 九減 e, f 來把 ve 替;

單詞 ty 作結尾, ty 變成 tie;

若是碰到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。

練習題:

一.聽力: 20 分。 (四個類型)略。

二.筆試: 80 分。

《一》。 詞彙:

a. 根據句子的意思及首字母提示,用適當的詞填空:

1. w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.

3.there are many b______flowers in the park.

4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.

5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.

6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?

7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.

8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.

9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .

d) thank you all the s______.

e) do you n____any help , miss black?

f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.

g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .

h) jim often goes the w_____way .

i) i am very t______. shall i have a rest?

b. 按要求寫出下列各詞:

1. busy( 比較級 )______ 2.big( 最高級 )_______3.early( 比較級 )____4.nice( 最高級 )______5.beautiful( 比較級 )___________

6.good( 比較級 )______7.many( 最高級 )______8.slowly( 比較級 )_____9.five( 序數詞 )_____10.one( 序數詞 )_____11.two( 序數詞 )_______12.three( 序數詞 )______13.nine( 序數詞 )______

14. twelve( 序數詞 )_____15 .twenty( 序數詞 )_____16. swim( 現在分詞 )_____17. close( 形容詞 )_____18. friend( 形容詞 )______

19. wish( 復數 )______20. full( 反義詞 )_____21. before( 反義詞 )_____22. right( 同音詞 )_____23. alse( 同義詞 )______24. free( 反義詞 )_____25. strong( 比較級 )______26.foot( 復數 )______27. run( 名詞 )_____28. zoo( 復數 )_____29. play( 名詞 )______30. quick( 副詞 )______

c. 根據漢語提示,用單詞的適當形式填空:

1. lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.

2. this turkey ________( 嘗起來 )fine.

2. miss li is __________( 講 )children a story.

3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.

4. he jumps_______( 最高 )at the sports meeting.

二.選擇填空: 20 分。略。

三.改寫句子:根據要求完成下列各句:

1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改寫 )

he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.

2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 變為同義句 )

he is______ _______in his class.

3. you had better go there on foot .( 改為否定句 )

you had ______ ______go there on foot.

4. they are going to leave on monday.( 劃線部分提問 )

_______ _______they going to leave?

5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改為否定疑問句 )

_______you usually______to school by bike?

四.口語運用:從 b 欄中找出能與 a 欄配對的答語:

a b

( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.

( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.

( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .

( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.

( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.

( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.

( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.

( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.

( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.

( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.

五.動詞填空:用所給的動詞的適當形式填空:

1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?

2.everyone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.

3.i have much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .

5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).

6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?

六.補全對話:

a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?

b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that policeman_______there.

a; thank you ______the_____.

b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?

c;sorry ,there isnt.

a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?

c: its_______seven kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.

a: which bus shall i take ,please ?

c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .

a; where is the bus stop ,please ?

c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .

a; thank you very much.

c: not at all.

七.看圖完成對話:

kate: excuse me! _____can i

____ _____the nearest market ,please?

jill:_____ ______this street, and

______the third______on the ____.

then take the second turning on the _______.

its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.

kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .

jill:its my pleasure.

八. 書面表達:

根據要求寫一段對話:(看圖寫,不少與 50 個詞)

henry is going to buy a dictionary.

he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .

so he asks sam to go with him .

but sam says he is busy. he shows henry

on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.

『肆』 初二下學期英語語法重點

一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。 給分哦,

『伍』 初二英語下冊語法重點

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

『陸』 初二下冊英語知識歸納(語法,短語。。。)

need to do sth需要做某事(人做主語)
need doing sth需要做某事(物做主語)
hear sb do sth聽到某人做過某事
hear sb doing sth聽到某人正在做某事
hear of +sb/sth聽到或知道某人某物
hear about +sth聽到關於某事物的消息
hear from sb 收到某人來信
stop to do sth停下來去做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
go on to do sth接著去做某事
go on doing sth繼續做某事
remember to do sth記住去做某事
remember doing sth記住做過某事
forget to do sth忘記去做某事
forget doing sth忘記做過某事
be angry with sb對某人生氣
be angry at sth對某事很生氣
like to do sth喜歡做某事(強調一次性的動作)
like doing sth喜歡做某事(泛指長期性習慣性地)
hate to do sth討厭做某事(強調一次性的動作)
hate doing sth討厭做某事(泛指長期性習慣性地)
refuse to do sth拒絕做某事
try to do sth設法或努力去做某事
try doing sth嘗試著做某事
be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
be afraid of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事
warn sb of/about sth警告某人
warn sb (not)to do sth警告某人(不要)做某事
learn to do sth學習做某事
agree to do sth同意做某事
hope/wish to do sth希望做某事
decide to do sth決定做某事
begin/start to do sth開始做某事
in the end=at last=finally最後
sth happen to sb某事發生在某人身上
give an interview接受采訪
make sb+adj\do sth使某人……\讓某人做某事
be\become interested in sth/doing sth對……感興趣
win取勝(比賽)
beat打敗(人)
interested 有趣的(修飾人)
interesting有趣的(修飾物)
exciting激動人心的(修飾物)
excited激動人心的(修飾人)
relaxing放鬆的(修飾物)
relaxed放鬆的(修飾人)
surpised驚奇的(修飾人)
surpising驚奇的(修飾物)
be made from由…製成(看不出原材料)
be made of由…製成(看得出原材料)
see/hear sb do sth 看到/聽見某人做某事
want to do sth=would like to do sth想要做某事
would like sth想要某物
would like sb to do sth想要/願意某人做某事
too much太多
much too非常
be dangerous ……是危險的
be in danger ……處於危險中
in the dangerous陷入困境
in dangerous瀕危滅絕
take up占據時間或空間
tidy up收拾 整理
look after=take care of照顧
help sb(to) do/with sth幫助某人做某事
spend…on/doing sth花時間/金錢干某事
as a result of= because of因為 由於
come out出版 發行 發芽 開花 出來
hold the line=hold on for a moment=wait for a moment稍等,別掛電
right now=at the moment=now 現在
right now=right away=at once立刻,馬上
invite sb to do sth邀請某人做某事
invite sb to sw 邀請某人去某地
good luck with sth祝某事物好運
good luck to sb 祝某人好運
a couple of 幾個兩個 表示同類的物體但不是成對的
a pair of 表示成雙成對的
in fact=actually事實上
by the way 順便說一聲
far away 遙遠的
far(away)from 離……遠
alone獨自一人的(表狀態)
lonely寂寞的(表感覺)
after all 畢竟
be afraid to do sth=be afraid of (doing)sth害怕(做)某事
make friends with 與某人交朋友
worry about=be worried about擔心 擔憂
don't mention it=you're welcome=That'okay=That'all right=Not at all 不客氣
look out=be carefully=look out for小心

look out of朝……外看
look for尋找
look like看上去像
look forward to 盼望
look up查找
look after=take care of照顧
look over檢查身體
look through瀏覽
look down on(upon)輕視 看不起
look around/round四處看看
look like …看起來像…(比較的人或物分別放在前後作主語和賓語)
look the same …看起來像(比較的人或物都放在前面作主語)
as if好像(後面接句子)
be on上演
thank you for……=thanks for因…而感謝

ask for job 求職
once a week一周一次
use…for… 用…來做…
take off卸下、起飛、脫下、休假
land in降落
put on穿上
turn off/out 關上
turn on 打開
turn up開大一點
turn down開大一點
pick up 拿起
動詞+賓語+身體部位 攻擊某人身體部位
stay cool保持冷靜
stop talking 停止談話
be business 出差
rather…than… 寧可…也不…
steal one's sth偷某人某物
steal sth from sb偷某人某物
on one's way to在……路上
take sb around=show sb around帶領某人參觀某地
join=take part in參加
decide to do sth決定干某事
come this way 這邊走
the latest news最新消息
introce …to… 把……介紹給…
too …to… 太…而不能
prefer A to B AB之間更喜歡A
connect A to/with B 把A與B連接
so that為了 表目的
so…that…如此…以至於
neither…or…兩者都不
either…or…兩者都
not only …but also不但……而且
both …and…不但…而且…
appear出現
disappear消失
weather…or not是否
the end of ……末
the beginning of ……的開頭
at the end of 在……結尾
at the beginning of 在……開始
in the end of=at last=finally 最後
pocket momney零花錢
whatever無論什麼
whoever無論誰
whichever無論哪個
whenever無論何時
wherever無論何地
動名詞表達的是:狀態 性質 心境 抽象 經常性 已發生的
不定式表達的是:目的 結果 原因 具體 一次性 將發生的
may引導的疑問句當否定回答時may要變must
must引導的疑問句當否定回答時must要變need
it seem that 好像
an interesting place名勝
all together一起
rather A than B 不是 B而是A
keep doing sth堅持做某事
as a result of=because of 因為 由於
at the age of在……歲時
be late for干…遲到
keep(on) +動詞ing
enjoy+動詞ing
miss+動詞ing
finish+動詞ing
consider+動詞ing
suggest+動詞ing
practice+動詞ing
agree with同意
in person親自
talk about 談論
be proud of 以…自豪
in the background 在幕後
be able to do能夠、會做某事
among 在…中間(三者以上)
between在…中間(兩者之間)
in front of 在…前面(物體外)
in the front of在…前面(物體內)
think of sb/sth想起覺得
think about sb/sth考慮
take place發生 (非偶然或有計劃的)
happen發生 (偶然或突然性)
awake醒著的--asleep睡著的
have to不得不
hurry up趕快
in a hurry匆忙
hurry to +地點 趕往某地
break up 使粉碎 解散
make a mistake犯錯
make sure確認 確保 查明
except 除…以外(表示從整體中減去一部分)
except for 除…以外(把某一點除外)
besides 除…以外(表示並非真正排除)
true to life很逼真
face to face面對面
in one's opinion以某人的觀點
come on (燈)亮起來 加油
play a joke on sb 開玩笑在某人身上
play a joke with sb 和某人開玩笑
at the moment用於現在時表示"片刻"的意思,
用於過去時表示"那時"的意思
for a moment常與連續性動詞連用表示"一會兒,片刻"
for the moment常用於現在時意味"暫時、目前"
as…as you can盡可能…
find out找到…(通過探索觀察而發現事實的真相)
discover找到…(發現的對象本來是存在的只是以前不知道)
not at all一點兒也不
bring sth帶來某物
get virus中病毒
go wrong出毛病、壞掉.
climb out of爬出
take medicine吃葯
make sure確信、有把握
worry about擔心(表動作)
be worried=worry about
be worried about擔心(表狀態)
be worried about sb/sth擔心某人或某物
although雖然----but 但是(兩者不能連用)
because因為 ----so所以(兩者同樣不能連用)
pull sth off 成功做了某事(難事等)
pull down拆毀(建築)
pull through克服困難、共度難關
pull together控制(自己)感情
pull out 取出、(火車)離站
…day(s) of …天假
whole day整天
put away把……收起來
put out把火熄滅,把燈關上
put off推辭
put on穿上
put up with容忍,忍受

『柒』 八年級下冊英語學過的所有語法總結!

人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重點語法:if
引導的條件狀語從句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重點語法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html

『捌』 初二英語下冊語法

去年整理的,是這個吧?

Unit 1
1. 在人們家中 in people's home
2. 在家通過電腦學習 study at home on computers
3. 將來 in the future
4. 免費的 be free
5. 活到200歲 live to be 200 years old
6. 一百年之後 in 100 years
7. 一張紙 a piece of paper
8. 更多/更少的樹 more / few trees
9. 更多/更少的污染 more / less pollution
10. 更少使用地鐵 use the subway less
11. 更多使用…… use sth. a lot
12. 同意某人的意見 agree with sb.
13. 與……談話 talk to / with sb.
14. 使用某物做某事 use sth. to do
15. 在上小學 be in elementary school
16. 住在一間公寓 live in an apartment
17. 乘坐火箭到月球 fly rockets to the moon
18. 愛上…… fall in love with …
19. 獨自居住 live alone easye.2000y.net
20. 能夠做某事 be able to do sth.
21. 去香港度假 go to Hong Kong on vacation
22. 世界盃 the World Cup
23. 飛到月球度假 fly to the moon for vacation
24. 有朝一日 one day
25. 為某人工作 work for sb.
26. 看起來精神 look smart
27. 實現 come trueeasye.2000y.net
28. 預言未來 predict the future
29. 看見某人做某事 see sb. do / doing
30. 數以百計的 hundreds of
31. 在太空 in space
32. 擁有某人自己的機器人 have one's own robot
33. 科幻小說 science fiction movies
34. 幫助某人做家務 help with the housework
35. 與……做同樣的事 do the same things as sb.
36. 叫醒某人 wake upeasye.2000y.net
37. 與……交朋友 make friends with sb.
38. 某地有某人在做某事 there be sb. / sth doing sth.
39. 看起來更像 look more like
40. 一遍又一遍地 over and over again
41. 有更少的工作去做 have less work to do
42. 做某事有趣 be fun to do
43. 在25年到50年之後 in 25 to 50 years

Unit 2
1. 擋住;阻止……進入 keep out
2. 與……某人就某事爭吵 argue with sb. about sth.
3. 與……爭吵 have an argument with sb. = argue with sb.
4. 告訴某人(不要)做某事 tell sb. (not ) to do sth.
5. 得到一份兼職的工作 get a part-time job
6. 打開 turn oneasye.2000y.net
7. 把……聲音放得太大 play … too loud
8. 給……寫信 write sb. a letter
9. 給……打電話 call sb. up
10. 一場球賽的票 a ticket to a ball game
11. 使……驚訝 surprise sb.
12. 支付…… pay for
13. 從……借…… borrow sth. from sb.
14. 為某人買某物 buy sb. sth.
15. 不知道 have no ideaeasye.2000y.net
16. 有同樣的發型 have the same haircut
17. 查明 find outeasye.2000y.net
18. 請家教 get a tutor
19. 需要去做 need to do
20. 邀請某人去做某事 invite sb. to do sth.
21. 把某物落在家裡 leave sth at home
22. 做某事失敗 fail (in) sth.
23. 與……相處融洽 get on well with sb.
24. 與……相同的 be the same as
25. 歸還某物 return sth.
26. 在字典中查找…… look up … in a dictionary
27. 與……打架 have a fight with sb.
28. 與……比較 compare with
29. 向……抱怨某事 complain to sb. about sth.
30. 感覺處於(太多的)壓力之下 be / feel under (too much) pressure
31. 買不同的衣服 get different clothes
32. 把……從一個地方帶到另一個地方 take sb from 名詞 to 名詞
33. 直到……才…… not … until …
34. 盡可能多地充實到孩子們的生活中來 fit as much as possible into their kids lives
35. 屢見不鮮 nothing neweasye.2000y.net
36. 厲害地強迫某人 push sb. hard
37. 總是在做某事 be always doing
38. 計劃做某事 plan to do
39. 一方面 on the one hand
40. 另一方面 on the other hand
41. 從很小的年齡開始 start from a very young age

Unit 3
1. 到達 arrive at / get to / reach
2. 在……前面 in front of
3. 在……的前部 in the front of
4. 在理發師的椅子上 in / on the barber's chair
5. 睡懶覺 sleep lateeasye.2000y.net
6. 在電話中交談 talk on the phone
7. 航天博物館 the Museum of Flight
8. 降落在中央大街上 land on Center Street
9. 報警 call the police
10. 沿著街道走 walk down / along the street
11. 起飛/脫下 take off
12. 有一次不尋常的經歷 have an unusual experience
13. 大約在10點鍾 at around ten o'clock
14. 跟著某人做某事/去某地 follow sb. to do / 地點
15. 對……感到驚訝 be surprised / amazed at
16. 在樹上 in the tree / on the tree
17. 朝……喊叫 shout to sb. / shout at sb.
18. 在火車站 at the train station
19. 逃跑 run awayeasye.2000y.net
20. 沿著……走 walk around
21. 紐約市 New York City / the city of the New York
22. 對……說 say to sb.
23. 飛往紐約的航班 the flight to New York
24. 在醫生的診所 at the doctor's
25. 看望住院的姨媽 visit aunt in hospital
26. 2008年奧運會 the 2008 Olympics
27. 記得做過/去做某事 remember doing / to do sth.
28. 在歷史上 in history
29. 在現代美國歷史上 in modern American history
30. 最重要的事件之一 one of the most important events
31. 聽說 hear about / of
32. 多於;超過 more than
33. 玩得高興 have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself
34. 沉默地做某事 do sth. in silence
35. 在當今時代 in recent times
36. 被……毀壞 be destroyed by
37. 對……有意義 have meaning to
38. 在太空 in spaceeasye.2000y.net
39. 與(不與)……一樣 … as … as / not as / so … as
40. 環繞地球 around the world
41. 一個民族英雄 a national hero
42. 全世界 all over the world / around the world
43. 因/作為……而著名 be famous for / as
44. 第一次做某事 do sth. for the first time
45. 日常活動 everyday activities

Unit 4
1. 看肥皂劇 watch soap operas
2. 舉行一次驚喜晚會 have a surprise party
3. 在周五晚上 on Friday night
4. 生某人的氣 be mad at sb.
5. 首先 first of alleasye.2000y.net
6. 做課外家庭作業 do a homework project
7. 遞給某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
= pass on sth. to sb. = pass sth. on to sb.
8. 在公共汽車站 at the bus stop
9. 理應做某事 be supposed to do
10. 擅長be good at = do well in
11. 很抱歉做某事 be sorry to do sth.
12. 感冒 have / catch a cold
13. 身體健康 be in good health
14. 一次期末考試 an end-of-year exam
15. 在某事方面感到費勁 have a hard time with
16. 做某事很吃驚 be surprised to do
17. 捎去某人的問候 send one's love
18. 到現在為止 for noweasye.2000y.net
19. 抄襲別人的家庭作業 others' homework
20. 傳些口信 pass on some messages
21. 大打一架 have a big fight
22. 忘記去做某事 forget to do
23. 養成一個壞習慣 start a bad habit
24. 克服 get overeasye.2000y.net
25. 改變某人的生活 change one's life = change the life of sb.
26. 在一個貧困的山村 in a poor mountain village
27. 聽起來像 sound like
28. 一個北京大學的畢業生 a Peking University graate
29. 一個為期一年的計劃 a one-year program
30. 由……發起 be started by
31. 教育部 the Ministry of Ecation
32. 派人去做某事 send sb. to do
33. 對某人來說是一個新的經歷 be a new experience for sb.
34. 海拔2000米 2000 meters above sea level
35. 使某人覺得惡心 make sb. feel sick
36. 經歷不同的事 experience different things
37. 打開某人對外面世界的視野 open up one's eyes to the outside world
38. 給某人生活一個好的開始 give sb. a good start in life
39. 在某人的生活中有一個好的影響 be a good influence in one's life
40. 關愛地球母親 care for「Mother Earth」
41. 無國界醫生 Doctors Without Borders
42. 瀕危野生動物 wild animals in danger
43. 處於危險之中 be in danger
44. 脫離危險 be out of danger

Unit 5
1. 去參加晚會 go to the party
2. 玩得高興 have a great time
3. 讓某人進 let ineasye.2000y.net
4. 備考 study for one's test
5. 一半的同學 half the class
6. 歲末晚會 end of year party
7. 穿牛仔褲 wear jeans
8. 把……拿走 take away
9. 在晚會期間 ring the party
10. 校大掃除 school clean-up
11. 兒童醫院探視 Children's Hospital visit
12. 環球旅行 travel around the world
13. 獲得教育 get an ecation
14. 足球代理人 professional soccer player
15. 謀生 make a living
16. 似乎 seem like sth. / doing sth.
17. 夢想的職業 dream job
18. 捐給慈善機構 give … to charity
19. 一直 all the time
20. 受傷 get injured
21. 很難做某事 have a difficult / hard time
22. 實際上 in facteasye.2000y.net
23. 能夠 be able to/can
24. 手機 mobile phone
25. 與某人度過時光 spend time with sb.

Unit 6
1. 收集貝殼 collect shells
2. 滑冰馬拉松 skating marathon
3. 你第一雙滑冰鞋 your first pair of skates
4. 募捐 raise moneyeasye.2000y.net
5. 整整五小時 the whole five hours
6. 三年半 three and a half years
7. 填充動物玩具 stuffed animals
8. 妖怪雪球 snow glob of the monster
9. 用光 run out ofeasye.2000y.net
10. 在我十七歲生日時 on my seventeenth birthday
11. 順便說一下 by the way
12. 最常見的 the most common
13. 送某人某物 send sb. sth.
14. 才藝表演 a talent show
15. 額外的英語課 extra English class
16. 古幣 old coinseasye.2000y.net
17. 自由話題 free topic
18. 想起 think of
19. 著名人物 famous characters
20. 黑龍江省會 the capital of Heilongjiang Province
21. 具有豐富多彩的歷史 with a colorful history
22. 歐洲的影響 European influence
23. 蘇聯風格 in Russian style
24. 家史 family history
25. 驚奇 be surprised
26. 受到……的歡迎 be welcomed by
27. 宋朝皇帝 the Song Emperor
28. 西方歷史 western history
29. 越……越 the +比較級 … the +比較級
30. 確信 be certain that / to do

Unit 7
1. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.
2. 調小/大 turn down / up
3. 洗餐具 do the dishes
4. 從……里出來 get out of
5. 立即 right away / at once
6. 一會兒 in a minute
7. 在開會 be at the meeting
8. 完成這些工作 finish these tasks
9. 在廚房裡 in the kitchen
10. 幫某人做某事 help sb. do / with sth.
11. 抱怨 complain about sth.
12. 商店職員 store clerk
13. 給你拿錯了食品 bring you the wrong food
14. 不好使 don't work
15. 惱怒 get annoyed
16. 排隊等候 wait in line
17. 長時間的電話聊天 have a long telephone conversation
18. 到處跟著我 follow me around
19. 回到…… go back to
20. 一直 all the timeeasye.2000y.net
21. 碰巧發生在某人身上 happen to sb.
22. 試著不做某事 try not to do sth.
23. 加號 cut in line
24. 有點晚 a bit late
25. 定購食物 order food
26. 壓低你的聲音 keep your voice down
27. 講英語的國家 English-speaking country
28. 社會行為 social behavior
29. 與某人站的近 stand close to sb.
30. 亞洲國家 Asian country
31. 在各種條件下 in all situations
32. 即使 even ifeasye.2000y.net
33. 當眾 in public
34. 小心 take care to do sth.
35. 熄滅香煙 put out the cigarette
36. 被批評 be criticized
37. 扔垃圾 drop litter
38. 撿起 pick upeasye.2000y.net
39. 表現禮貌 behave politely
40. 依靠 depend on
41. 地方報紙 local newspaper

Unit 8
1. 幸運兒 lucky guy
2. 做一頓特別的飯 make a special meal
3. 你自己的選擇 your own choices
4. 大腹便便的豬 a pot-bellied pig
5. 好夥伴 good company
6. 帶某人出去 take sb. out to do
7. 睡著 fall asleep
8. 半途中 half wayeasye.2000y.net
9. 樹上的一片葉子 a leaf from a tree
10. 贈送 give away
11. 公園長椅 park bench
12. 試著做某事 try to do sth.
13. 通過不同的方式 in different ways
14. 來自於中國各地 from across China
15. 在舞台上 on stage
16. 各種年齡層 all age groups
17. 鼓勵某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
18. 取得進步 make progress
19. 奧委會 the Olympic Committee
20. 從……中得到樂趣 have fun with sth.
21. 講本族語的人 native speakers
22. 使某要對某事感興趣 make sb interested in

Unit 9
1. 太空博物院 space museum
2. 游樂場 amusement park
3. 水上樂園 water park
4. 曾經到過某個地方 have been to
5. 到某個地方去了 have gone to
6. 呆在某個地方 have been in
7. 既不……也不;兩者都不 neither … nor …
8. 聽說 hear ofeasye.2000y.net
9. 迪斯尼人物 Disney character
10. 主題公園 a theme park
11. 當然 of course
12. 過山車 a roller coaster
13. 以……為主題 be themed by
14. 四處走動 walk around
15. 總是一直 all the time
16. 迪斯尼巡遊 Disney Cruise
17. 兜風 take a ride
18. 在船上 on board
19. 走不同的路線 take different routes
20. 結束 end upeasye.2000y.net
21. 空中乘務員 a flight attendant
22. 導游 a tour guide
23. 象……這樣的 such as
24. 考慮 think about
25. 勝於,而不是 rather than
26. 在東南亞 in Southeast Asia
27. 度假 take a holiday
28. 在一方面 on the one hand
29. 在另一方面 on the other hand
30. 超過 多餘 more than
31. 四分之三 three quarters
32. 三分之一 one third
33. 做某事有困難 have some problem doing
34. 不管 還是 whether or
35. 夜狩 night safari
36. 在白天 ring the daytime
37. 在更自然的環境里 in a more natural environment
38. 全年 all year round
39. 靠近 be close to

Unit 10
1. 閑聊 small talk
2. 祝一天愉快 have a good day
3. 瀏覽;粗略看一遍 look through
4. 排隊等候 wait in line
5. 穿過一條繁忙的街道 cross a busy street
6. 開場白 open questions
7. 感謝函 Thank-you note
8. 想要 feel likeeasye.2000y.net
9. 出現;陪伴 come along
10. 融洽相處 get along
11. 想起 think of
12. 有一個家宴 have a family dinner
13. 交通擁擠 heavy traffic
14. 至少 at least

『玖』 蘇教版初二英語下學期知識點

1. bring/take
Bring表示「帶來、拿來」,指從別處朝說話人所在或將在的地方「帶來、拿來」。而take則表示「拿去、帶走」,它表示的方向與bring相反,指從說話人所在地「拿走、帶走」。如:
Bring me the book, please. 把那本書給我拿來。
Take some food to the old man. 給那位老人帶去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般說來,somebody用於定句,anybody用於否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句。例如:
Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出來時有人來見你。
Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎?
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那兒誰也沒看見。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 別讓任何人進來。我太忙,誰也不想見。
There is nobody in the room. 房間里沒人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it .誰也沒告訴我你病了所以我不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear
這三個詞意思都是「聽」,但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區別在於:
(1)listen 只用於不及物動詞,後面接人或人物做賓語,著重於「傾聽」,指的是有意識的動作,至於是否聽到,並非強調的重點。如:
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 聽!有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式,後面一定要接人或物做賓語,這里的to是介詞。如:
Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎?
(3)hear 可用作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞,意思是「聽到、聽見」,指用耳朵聽到了某個聲音,表示無意識的動作,著重於聽的能力和結果。如:We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽。She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽,但是什麼也沒有聽見。
4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修飾可數名詞,much修飾不可數名詞;都表示許多。例如:
He has many books.他有許多書。He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示"有一點兒",側重於肯定,相當於"some",但a few修飾可數名詞,a little修飾不可數名詞,例如:He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。
Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點咖啡好嗎?好的,只要一點。
(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒有",側重否定。few後接可數名詞,little後接不可數名詞。例如:
He is a strange man. He has few words.他是個怪人,他幾乎不說什麼話。
Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快,沒什麼時間了。
5. either/ neither/ both
either可作形容詞,一般指"兩者中的任何一個"。有時也可表示"兩個都……"的意思,後跟名詞的單數形式;neither: 指兩者中沒有一個,全否定;both: 指兩者都,肯定。句中可作主語、賓語和定語,both後面應跟名詞的復數形式。如:Neither of the films is good.兩部電影都不好。(沒有一部是好的)Either of the films is good. 兩部電影都不錯。(謂語動詞用單數)Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個老師都常常解答問題。
6. take part in/join
take part in參加某種活動; join參加,加入某一政黨或組織。例如:Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對嗎?We often take part in many school activities.我們經常參加學校里的一些活動。He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的黨。My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年參的軍。
7. quite/ rather/ very
(1)quite 表示程度「很,十分,完全地」,「相當」。如:She is quite right.她對極了。
That's not quite what I want . 那並不完全是我所要的。
(2)rather 表示程度上的「相當」,比預想地程度要大,通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如:It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當冷。
(3)very 表示程度「很,甚,極其,非常」,用於修飾形容詞或副詞,既可用在喜歡的情況下,也可用於不喜歡的情況下。應注意「a very +形容詞+可數名詞的單數」結構中,"a"應置於"very"之前,該結構相當「quite a/an +形容詞+名詞」的結構。如:Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 兩個月是一段很長的時間。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天氣很好。

『拾』 八年級下冊英語語法 2014蘇教版

可能會有點亂


afford to do sth.
負擔得起做某事

choose to do sth.
(選擇後)決定做某事

decide to do sth.
決定做某事

ask to do sth.

要求做某是

expect to do sth.

期待做某事

hope to do sth.

希望做某事

help to do sth.

幫組做某事

manage to do sth.

設法做某事

learn to do sth.

學習做某事

plan to do sth.

計劃做某事

offer to do sth.

主動提供做某事

pretend to do sth.

假裝做某事

prepare to do sth.

准備做某事

refuse to do sth.

拒絕做某事

advise sb. to do sth.

建議某人做某事

allow sb. to do sth.

允許某人做某事

ask sb. to do sth.

請(叫)某人做某事

bear sb. to do sth.

忍受某人做某事

cause sb. to do sth.

導致某人做某事



keepsb.out不讓某人進入
What'swrong?=What'sthematter?=What'stheproblem?怎麼了?
outofstyle不時髦的;過時的
callsb.up給某人打電話
payforsth.為某事付款
part-timejob兼職工作
thesameas=besame(to/with)與……同樣
instyle時髦的;流行的
geton[well]withsb.=getalong[well]withsb.與某人相處(好)
didn't=didnot
couldn't=couldnot
as...aspossible盡可能……(eg/assoonaspossible盡快)
allkindsof各種;許多
ontheonehand一方面
ontheotherhand另一方面
asksb.forsth.=asksb.todosth.請求某人做某事
asksb.nottodosth.請求某人不要做某事
spend(money)onsth.=spend(money)[in]doingsth.花錢做某事
sth.costsb.(money)某人花錢為了某事
takesb.sometimetodosth.花某人時間做某事
findout查明
findsb.doingsth.發現某人做某事
beangrywithsb.生某人的氣
beangryatsth.生某事的氣
thesameageas=asoldas與某人年齡一樣
havefightwithsb.與某人打架
learntodosth.學會做某事
not...until...直到……才……
comparesth.(A)withsth.(B)把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it'stimeforsth.=it'stimetodosth.到該做某事的時間了
maybeadv.或許
maybe(情態動詞+動詞原形)可能是
shall→should情態動詞shall的原形和過去式
pay→paid→paid動詞pay的原形、過去式和過去分詞





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4

(2) and連接的幾個從句,第二個從句以後的從句的that不省略。 (3)在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結構中,that不省略。

2.Whether ,if 引導賓語從句:兩詞可互換,但是下列情形除外: (1)whether從句中有or not (2)whether從句做介詞賓語

3.許多帶復合賓語的句子,賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it做形式賓語。結構常是:

主語+動詞+it+形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語+賓語從句

狀語從句

狀語從句表示狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導,也可以由片語引起。從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。

狀語從句的種類

1.時間狀語從句 2.地點狀語從句 3.原因狀語從句 4.條件狀語從句 5.目的狀語從句 6.讓步狀語從句 7.比較狀語從句 8.方式狀語從句 9.結果狀語從句

狀語從句的時態特點

一般情況下,時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用「一般現在時」表示「一般將來時」,用「現在完成時」表示「將來完成時」。

一、時間狀語從句

概念:

在復合句中,由時間連接詞引導的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句。(在復合句中,要注意主句和從句的時態大多都要保持一致。)

要點:

時間狀語從句,由以下連詞引導: when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在時間狀語從句中,要注意時態一致。一般情況下主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時。

1.when在...的時候 2.while在...期間

3.as在...的同時;一邊...一邊...






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4.after在...之後 5.before 在...之前ぃ 6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。 7.since 自。。。以來 到現在

表示自過去的一個起始時間點到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續時間。主句一般用現在完成時,從句用一般過去時。還可以用作介詞,本句從句還可以用短語:since three years ago(從三年前至今)表示。

8 till /until直到。。。

都可以作連詞,連接時間狀語,也可以作介詞,與其它詞構成介詞短語,在句中作狀語。(強調將一般用until)

9. by the time 到。。。為止

二、地點狀語從句

概念:

地點狀語從句 (adverbial clause of place) 地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導,已經形成了固定的句型,

要點:

由連詞where和復合關系詞wherever (=no matter where )引導. 例如:

句型1:

Where+地點從句,(there)+主句。 【注意】此句型通常譯成「哪裡„„哪裡就„„」;主句在從句後面時,there可用可不用;如果主句在從句的前面時,一般都不用there。

句型2:

Anywhere/ wherever+地點從句,+主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞,但是,常可以引導從句,相當於連詞,意思相似於wherever, anywhere引導的從句可位於主句之前,也可以位於主句之後。 而wherever本身就是個連詞,表示「在何處,無論何處」。

三、條件狀語從句

要點: 條件狀語從句由連詞if, unless (=if not) 引導。

四、原因狀語從句

要點: 由連詞because, since, as引導, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導 1) because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而






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易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。

2) 由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。

3) as和for的區別:通常情況下,as引導的從句在主句前,for引導的從句在主句後。

五、目的狀語從句

要點: 目的狀語從句由連詞that, so that, so„that , in order that 引導。 1.so that 以至, 以便 2.in order that=so that:為了 3.despite= in spite of

六、結果狀語從句

要點:結果狀語從句由連詞( so )that, so„that, such„that, so much/many„that引導。

1.so„that 如此„以至於 2.such„that 如此。。。以至

3.比較:so和 such 其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞片語,so 是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little(這四個形容詞表多或表少時)連用,形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people ( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當於 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配。) so„that與such„that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。

七、讓步狀語從句

要點: 表示讓步的狀語從句由連詞 though, although引導. 注意:

a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b. 句首是實義動詞,其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

八、比較狀語從句

要點:比較狀語從句主要運用於形容詞和副詞的原級,比較級及最高級的句子之中。

原級

as„as 和。。。一樣

比較級






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more„than (更)

最高級

1.The most„in/of

2. the + 形容詞+est„of/in

九、方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as„so„, as if, as though引導。

1) as, (just) as„so„引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as„so„結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如„","就像",多用於正式文體,

2) as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿„„似的","好像„„似的"

附加疑問句

概念

附加疑問句由陳述句加簡短附加問句構成,用以要求對方證實所述之事。附加疑問句主要有兩種:一類是反意的附加疑問句,另一類是非反意附加疑問句。

反意疑問句

1 英語中,反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其後的附加疑問句組成。其中附加疑問句是對陳述句所說的事實或觀點提出疑問,起證實作用,一般用於證實說話者所說的事實或觀點。

2、反意疑問句用法說明 ◇注意: 反意疑問句前後兩部分謂語應是,「肯定陳述+否定疑問」或「否定陳述+肯定疑問」 簡略問句如果是否定式,not應與be,do,will等系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞縮寫 簡略問句的主語不用名詞,應用人稱代詞 當說話者的目的不在疑問,而是為了加強語氣時,用降調 當說話者的目的在疑問,則用升調 陳述部分含「too...to」時,是否定句

用法

1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I.

2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。

3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't






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+主語。正式文體用should/ought +主語+not形式。

5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。

6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時,疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。 7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?

8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。 9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。 10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句,疑問部分根據實際情況而定。 11) 感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語。 12) 陳述部分由neither„ nor, either„ or 連接的並列主語時,疑問部分根據其實際邏輯意義而定。

13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。

含義的詞

ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語 have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語) used to didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語 had better + v. hadn't you would rather + v. wouldn't +主語 you'd like to + v.

wouldn't +主語 must 根據實際情況而定 感嘆句中 be +主語 Neither„nor, either„or 連接的根 據其實際邏輯意義而定 並列主語 指示代詞或不定代詞 everything,that, 主語用it nothing,this 並列復合句 謂語根據鄰近從句的謂語而定 定語從句,賓語從句的 主從復合句 根據主句的謂語而定 think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引導 與賓語從句相對應的從句 everybody,anyone, somebody,nobody,no one 復數they, 單數he 情態動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語 dare, need 為實義動詞 do +主語 省去主語的祈使句 will you/won't you/can't you? Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you? there be 相應的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式

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