1. 外研版八年級下英語語法
Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We』re going on a spring field trip
一. 重點詞彙
( 一 ) 詞形轉換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點片語:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預訂
8. come up with 想出（主意）
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付；賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20．a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）卧
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二．重點句型及重點語言點
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之後。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅遊 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4．It』s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。
如： It』s nice to meet you.
5. I』ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是：
I』ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we』ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然後我們來決定最好的郊遊方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We』re trying to decide on a school.
7.It』s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠了。同義句是：It』 too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…？乘……去泰山要花多長時間？
9．How much does it cost to go there ?去那裡要花多少錢？
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標准間的價格是多少？
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價是硬卧120元，軟卧是180元。
at 意為「以……」，一般用於表示價格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為「供，適合於」。I』ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I』d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預訂20張硬卧票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預訂一些14號的房間。
12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請在下午5：30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預訂房間。
make a reservation 預訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It』s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。
(1)each 作主語，謂語用單數 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. （2）用於單數名詞前，作定語，謂語用單數。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用於復數主語後，作主語同位語，謂語用復數。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點語法
動詞不定式
（1） 動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之後，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜（要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學習，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始）
（2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
（3） 不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don』t know how to get to the station.
（4） 本topic出現的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?
一、重點詞彙：
（一）詞形轉換：
1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern
3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull
5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded
（二）重點片語:
1.make a plan 擬定計劃
2. make sure 確信，確保
3. come along with 和……一起來
4. at the foot of 在……的腳下
5. be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
6. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
7. out of sight 看不見
8. step on one』s toes 踩著某人的腳
9. can』t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布於
11.rush out 沖出去
12.raise one』s head 抬頭
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 謝天謝地
二． 重點句型及重點語言點
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當你在旅行時， 我正忙於准備考試。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙於做某事
I』m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 當……時候，引導時間狀語從句。當一個動作在正在進行時，另一個動作也同時進行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計劃好嗎？
Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細勘測了整個區域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背後有群山環繞。
make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It』s about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It』s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。
to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內的地區 Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進定陵，對那裡的奇觀感到很驚奇。
be surprised at 對……感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停自行車的地方
space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
當人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了他的腳。
in one』s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one』s toes踩了某人的腳
step on sth 踩某物 Don』t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
當他最後沖出人群時，他注意到他的兩個朋友都不見了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三個男孩一見面，就高興得跳了起來。
as soon as 引導時間狀語從句 意為「一……就」
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I』ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn』t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn』t help playing with them.
它們太可愛了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。
can』t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn』t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我對在中國的一切感到滿意。]
be satisfied with 對……感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重點語法 時間狀語從句
1。引導詞：
（1） when, while , as 當……時候. when 後可跟短暫性動詞也可跟延續性動詞；while 後跟延續性動詞；as 多用於口語，強調同一時間，或一前一後。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學生在教室里談話時，老師進來了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。
（2）not … until 直到……才，主句謂語動詞常用短暫性動詞。
I won』t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn』t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之後，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 時態
（1）當主句為一般過去時時，從句常用過去的某種時態。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)當主句的時態為一般將來時， 從句用一般現在時。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出現的句子有：
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn』t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.
Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重點詞彙：
（一）詞形轉換：
1. death (動詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly
3.crossing（動詞）cross 介詞） across 4. success（動詞）succeed (形容詞successful
5．Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader
7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible
9 courage （動詞） encourage
（二）重點片語:
1．Slow down 減速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 進入 躋身於
6 get used to (doing) 習慣於做某事
7. a sharp turn 急轉彎
8. be popular with 受……的歡迎
9. get a fine 處以罰金
10. go on doing sth 繼續做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規則
13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規則
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……聞名
16. be in danger 處於危險中
17.after a while 一會兒
二． 重點句型及重點語言點
1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認為北京的交通很擁堵。
traffic 是不可數名詞
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規則，交通事故將會減少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規則，將很危險，我們會受到處罰的。
這是if 引導條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。
3．I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比較級
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。
Be popular with 受……歡迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。
8．.However, his way to success didn』t go well. 然而，他的成功之路並非一帆風順。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn』t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作沒什麼結果。
9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面對生命中其他挑戰一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對。
10．It seems impossible to beat him. 打敗他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重點語法 條件狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引導的，謂語動詞常用一般現在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。
主句 if從句
Will (must, should, may) 一般現在時
如：I won』t go if he doesn』t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won』t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引導的結果句，祈使句在意義上相當於條件狀語從句。
如：Hurry up, or you』ll be late.= If you don』t hurry up, you』ll be late.=You』ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
2. 外研版八年級英語下M1 u3 around the world 翻譯
M1 u3環游世界
3. 外研版新標准八年級英語下冊M1至M12單詞
密碼:x7ws
4. 外研版英語初二下冊語法
MODULE 1
tidy up
take up
all the time
be interested in
as well as
such as
come out
as a result
have a collection of
at the end of
give an interview
make sb. do
let sb. do
spend on + n.
spend (in) doing
one of + pl.
some of + pl.
MODULE 2
hold the line
right now
whether…or not
in fact
a couple of
feel like
by the way
primary school
junior high school
senior high school
far away
be afraid to do
worry about
be worried about
at that mement
day by day
be different from
hear sb. do
hear sb.doing
see sb. do
see sb.doing
make friends with
as usual
remember to do
remember doing
forget to do
forget doing
smile at
laugh at
MODULE 3
look out (for)
Don』t mention it
look down
ask for jobs
close down
thank you for doing
stop to do
stop doing
join sb.(賓格)
hate doing
be far (away) from
be close to
It seems that…
learn about
look out of the window
in front of
in/at the front of
do a sound check
MODULE 4
video camera
turn on
turn off
come on
save one』s life
borrow…from…
lend… to…
play back
wait for
It』s +adj.+to do
take a photo of
MODULE 5
be able to
all together
take off
at least
pocket money
after all
help sb. (to) do
help sb.with sth.
hurrp up
play a solo
rather you than me
warn sb not to do
be proud of
send away
refuse to do
offer to do
tell the truth
be angry with sb.
只找到片語，不好意思啦
5. 外研版初一下英語M1知識點
英語
語法
動詞的語態（Voices）
語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態
被動語態的構成
被動語態的基本構成形式 主語+助動詞be+過去分詞
被動語態的時態
被動語態的時態通過助動詞be的變化來體現。這個助動詞必須與主語的人稱和數相一致。現以do為例，將被動語態常用時態列表如下：
一般時態 進行時態 完成時態
現在 am\is\are done am\is\are being done has\have been done
過去 was\were done was\were being done had been done
將來 shall\will be done shall\will have been done
過去將來 should\would be done should\would have been done
各種時態的被動語態
一般現在時的被動語態 e.g. The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.
一般過去時的被動語態 e.g. Our house was built in 1979.
一般將來時的被動語態 e.g. This question will be answered by our headmaster.
過去將來時的被動語態 e.g. I knew the room would be cleaned.
現在進行時的被動語態 e.g. Your bicycle is being repaired now.
過去進行時的被動語態 e.g. The man was being questioned by the police.
現在完成時的被動語態 e.g. My car has been repaired.
過去完成時的被動語態 e.g. I heard she had already been sent to hospital.
帶情態動詞的被動語態 情態動詞+be+過去分詞
e.g. This must be done as soon as possible.
有些短語動詞的被動語態
有些短語動詞，如「動詞+介詞」、「動詞+副詞」、「動詞+名詞+介詞」，其作用相當於及物動詞，也可以由被動語態。在被動語態結構中，介詞或副詞不可丟掉，且其位置不變。
e.g. My brother』s child is taken care of by my mother.
含有兩個賓語的被動語態
在多數情況下，把間接賓語變為主語，而把直接賓語保留下來。 e.g. She was told a long story.
含有復合賓語的被動語態
把賓語變為主語，賓語補足語變為主語補足語 e.g. The child was named Tom.
主動語態變被動語態
兩種語態結構對比（箭頭表示動作方向）
主動語態 → → e.g. He wrote the letter.
被動語態 → → e.g. The letter was written by him.
主動句變被動句的基本步驟
把主動句的賓語作為被動句的主語
把主動句的謂語改為「be+該動詞的過去分詞」形式，做被動句的謂語，注意be要根據主語的人稱、數和該句的時態要求保持一致
主動句的主語改為by的賓語，有時可省略「by+主語」
主動句變被動句的基本句式
主動句：主語+助動詞（情態動詞）+謂語+賓語
e.g. We will do that experiment next time.
被動句：主語（原賓語）+助動詞（情態動詞）+be+過去分詞+by+原主語
e.g. That experiment will be done by us next time.
主動句：主語+短語動詞+賓語
e.g. The nurse takes good care of us.
被動句：主語（原賓語）+be+短語動詞的過去分詞形式+by+原主語
e.g. We are taken good care of by the nurse.
主動句：主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
e.g. We gave him some magazines.
被動句：主語(間接賓語)+be+過去分詞+直接賓語\主語(直接賓語)+be+過去分詞+to(for)+間接賓語 e.g. He was given some magazines (by us).\ Some magazines were given to him (by us).
【注】一般將主動句中表示人的間接賓語變為被動句的主語
主動句：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
e.g. They chose Tom captain.
被動句：主語（原賓語）+謂語+原賓語補足語
e.g. Tom was chosen captain.
【注】如主動句中賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式，變成被動語態後要加to
e.g. I saw him go to the church.
He was seen to go to the church.
被動語態的用法
英語中，何時情況下才使用被動語態的舉例
不知道動作的執行者，只知道承受者的情況 e.g. Silk is proced in Suzhou.
不必說出動作的執行者的情況 e.g. Such books are written for children.
需要突出和強調動作的承受者的情況 e.g. She is liked by everyone.
【注】①不及物動詞沒有被動語態，如：happen，take，please，disappear等
e.g. 這件事發生在1989年。
（Wrong） This was happened in 1989.
（Right） This happened in 1989.
②有些動詞，如：have，feel，hold，become，rise，look，sound，seem等只能著眼於表示狀態而不強調動作，一般不用於被動語態中。
e.g. 樹變綠了。
（Wrong）The trees have been become green.
（Right） The trees have become green.
被動語態和「連系動詞+表語（過去分詞）」的區別
被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，表動作；系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞，表狀態。前者可用by短語表示動作的執行者，後者則一般不用by短語。 比較：
This book was written last year. The glass was broken by my sister.
這本書是去年寫的。（被動語態） 玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。（被動語態）
This book was well written. The glass is broken.
這本書寫得很好。（系表結構） 玻璃杯破了。（系表結構）
6. 哪位好心人告訴我外研版初二英語下M1對話翻譯
課本是？