Ⅰ 八下英語二單元語法
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
do/does 的過去將來時態形式:(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態:(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句:What should I do?
重點短語:keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了?
out of style 不時髦的;過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的;流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處(好)
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種;許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be (情態動詞 + 動詞原形)可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下,一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)
希望能幫到你啊!
Ⅱ 初二英語下冊每單元語法講解和語法練習
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Ⅲ 八年級下冊英語2單元的單元總結(註:重點語法,歸納總結等)
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. argue with sb. 與某人爭吵
about/over sth. 為某事爭吵
2.out of style/danger 過時/脫離險境
in style/danger 時尚/處於危險之中
3.call up sb. (代詞放中間)給某人打電話
4.keep out 不讓…進入
5.What』s wrong? 怎麼啦?
6.be surprised at … 對…感到吃驚
7.borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那裡借入某物
8. needto do sth. (某人)需要做某事
doing sth. (某物)需要做某事
9.pay … for sth. 為某物付…(錢)
10.the same + n. + as… 與…一樣的n.
11 get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
12 have a fight with sb. 與某人爭吵
13.take part in 加入
14 plan sth. for sb. 為某人計劃某事
15.as much as possible 盡可能多的…
KP.
1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人為某物花了…錢。
Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…錢。
Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)在某事上。
(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)做某事。
It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(時間、金錢)做某事。
2. not … until 直到…才… (主句動詞是短暫性動詞)
until 一直到… (主句中使用延續性動詞)
3. leave
GF
情態動詞
1.情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化;
2 情態動詞不能直接做謂語,必須和一個動詞原形同時使用;
3.大多數情態動詞沒有時態的變化;
情態動詞加上be,通常表示猜測的語氣。
祝你學習進步,更上一層樓!請記得採納,謝謝!(*^__^*)
Ⅳ 英語書八年級下冊書第二單元所有語法內容
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點詞彙:play v. 播放
loud adj. 高聲的;大聲的
argue v. 爭論,爭吵wrong adj. 錯誤的;有毛病的;不適合的could v. can的過去式ticket n. 票,入場券 v. 使驚奇;使意外other adj. 其他的;另外的except prep. 除;把……除外fail v. 失敗 football n. 足球 until prep. 到……為止
fit v. 適合,適應 include v. 包括;包含send v. 發送,寄 themselves pron. 他們自己(反身代詞)freedom n. 自由
重點片語及句型:
1. argue with sb. 與某人爭論/辯論
2. have an argument with sb. 與某人發生爭論
3. out of style 不時髦的
4. in style 時髦的
5. keep out 不讓……進入
6. call sb. up 打電話給……
7. on the phone 用電話交談
8. pay for 付款
9. part-time job 兼職工作
10. Teen Talk 青少年論壇
11. the same as 與……同樣的12. get on well with... 與……相處地好13. as much as possible 盡可能多14. all kinds of 各種各樣的15. on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面16. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物17. find out 找出18. be popular at school 在學校受歡迎19. except me 除了我20. have a quick supper 很快地吃晚餐21. not…until 直到……才22. try to do 盡力去做23. complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事24. seem to do… 好像……25. comparing…with… 把……與……做比較26. think for 為……著想27. find it + adj.+ to do sth. 發現做某事很……28. learn to do 學會做某事 29. have a fight with 與……打架
30. write sb. a letter 給某人寫信 31. a ticket to a ball game 一場球賽的票
32. surprise sb. 使……驚訝 33. buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物
34. have no idea 不知道 35. have the same haircut 有同樣的發型
36. get a tutor 請家教 37. need to do 需要去做
38. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人去做某事 39. leave sth. at home 把某物落在家裡
40. fail (in) sth. 做某事失敗 41. be the same as 與……相同的
42. return sth. 歸還某物 43. look up…in a dictionary 在字典中查找……
44. be/feel under (too much) pressure 感覺處於(太多的)壓力之下
45. take sb. from 名詞 to 名詞 把某人從一個地方帶到另一個地方
46. fit as much as possible into their kids lives 盡可能多地充實到孩子們的生活中來
47. nothing new 屢見不鮮 48. push sb hard 厲害地強迫某人
49. be always doing 總是在做某事
50. plan to do 計劃做某事
51. start from a very young age 從很小的年齡開始
日常用語:學慣用於表達建議的句子結構:1. ---What should I do? ---You could write him a letter.2. --- What should he do? --- Maybe he should say he's sorry.3. --- What should they do? --- They shouldn't argue.4. What』s the matter? / What』s wrong?5. Why don』t you talk to him about it?
片語短語詳解:
1. Keep out! 禁止入內
祈使句,意為:「不準入內!」指「關在門外,不準入內。」
Keep sth. adj.
2. My brother plays his CDs too loud. 我哥哥把他的唱片聲音放得太大。
Play:
播放。 e.g. Please play the tape again. 請再放一邊磁帶。
演奏,彈奏 e.g. I can play the violin, too. 我也會拉小提琴。
玩,打,踢 e.g. play football/bolleyball…
劇本,n. e.g. TV play 電視劇 watch the play 看戲
3. I don』t have enough money. 我沒有足夠的錢
Enough修飾n.放在前面 e.g. enough money
Enough修飾adj.放在後面 e.g. good enough
【考例】He is old ______ to go to school. A. much B. many C. enough D. more
【答案與解析】C。本題中old enough 表示年齡足夠大。故本題選C。
4. I argue with my best friend. 我與我最好的朋友發生了爭執。
Argue v. 爭辯,爭論,辯論
Argue with sb. 與某人辯論
Argue on/about sth. 爭論,辯論某事
e.g. They are arguing about playing computer games.
【拓展】argue about sth. 意為「為某事而爭論」。argument 是argue的名詞形式,have an argument with sb.相當於argue with sb.。e.g. I don't want to argue about the houtse with you. 我不想和你為房子的事爭論。 You shouldn't have an argument with your parents about the bike. 你不應該為了自行車的事和你父母爭吵。【考例】I _______my parents about my hairstyle yesterday evening.A. play B. argue with C. argued with D. to argue with 【答案與解析】C。本題中argue with sb.意為「與……爭吵,爭論」。又因為時間狀語是yesterday evening,表示過去的時間,要用一般過去時態,故本題選C。
5. My clothes are out of style. 我的衣服過時了。
Out of style
In style
【考例】I don』t think my clothes are______. A. be out of style B. out of style C. out fashion D. to out of style 【答案與解析】B。本題中be out of style / fashion表示「過時」、「不合乎時尚」。因句中已有are,故本題選B。
6. Maybe you should buy some new clothes. 也許你應當買一些新衣服。
Maybe 與 may be
e.g. Maybe you put it there. 也許你把它放在那裡了。
It may be a hat. = May be it is a hat. 它也許是頂帽子。
7. You could write him a letter. 你可以給他寫封信。
Write sb. A letter = write to sb. 給某人寫一封信
寫信給某人:write to sb.
收到某人的來信:hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.
8. Maybe you should call him up. 也許你應當給他打電話。
Call sb. Up = ring sb. Up = make a telephone call to sb. = give sb. A call/ring給某人打電話
【拓展】maybe 不同於 may be。 maybe 是一個詞,是副詞,may be 是情態動詞may加上動詞原形be,意為「或許」,後接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。例如:It may be true. He may be the man we are looking for.(2)call sb. up 打電話給某人可以與名詞、代詞連用。連接代詞時,把代詞放在 call 與 up 之間。例如:Please call me up. Don』t forget to call up your uncle. I'll call her up this afternoon.【考例】_______you are right. A. Maybe B. Might C. May be D. Might to
【答案與解析】A。本題中maybe不同於may be。 maybe 是一個詞,是副詞,may be是情態動詞may加上動詞原形be,意為「或許」,後接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。故本題選A。
9. A ticket to a ball game 一張球賽的票
A key to a door
An answer to a question
10. I don』t want to surprise him. 我不想使他吃驚。
Surprise v. 使驚奇;使差異;使感到意外。其後可接名詞或代詞作賓語。
e.g. You surprise me! 你嚇了我一跳!
His words surprised my mother a lot. 他的話使我母親大吃一驚。
Be surprised at… 對……感到吃驚
e.g. We are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個消息,我們非常吃驚。
【拓展】surprised adj. 驚訝的 surprising adj. 令人驚訝的例如:I'm surprised to hear the news. It's a surprising gift, and I love it.【考例】I was__________ when I saw her.A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise D. to surprise
【答案與解析】B。本題中surprised adj.驚訝的;surprising adj.令人驚訝的。故本題選B。
11. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. 我需要得到一些錢以支付夏令營的費用。
(1)need是個情態動詞,也可以是行為動詞。▲當它是情態動詞時,後邊直接加行為動詞,表示「需要」,但need作情態動詞時一般不用於肯定句。它一般用於否定句和疑問句中,例如:① You need repeat it. 你需要重復它。② Need I repeat it? 我有必要重復它嗎?簡略回答為:Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
(2)【拓展】(sb.)pay(money)for sth. 為……而付款(sb.)spend(money)on sth. 在……上花多少錢(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值……錢這三個短語都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是「人」,主語為人,而cost指的是「物」,主語為「物」。例如說「他昨天花20元買了一本書」。用以上三個短語分別為:① He paid 20 yuan for the book yesterday. 他昨天為這本書付了20元錢。② He spent 20 yuan on the book yesterday. 他昨天花了20元錢(買)這本書。③ The book cost him 20 yuan yesterday. 這本書花了他20元錢。注意以上三個動詞的動詞過去式為:pay - paid; spend - spent; cost - cost【考例】--- I』ve got a new book. --- How much did you _______it? A. buy B. spend C. pay for D. cost 【答案與解析】C。(sb.)pay(money)for sth. 為……而付款,(sb.)spend(money)on sth. 在……上花多少錢,(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值多少錢 故本題選C。
12. I have an idea. You could borrow some money from your brother. 我有一個主意,你可以像你哥哥借一些錢。
Idea n. 主意,念頭
e.g. He has a good idea. 他有個好主意。
注意:
I have no idea. = I don』t know. 我不知道
Borrow與lend
borrow sth from sb. 從誰那裡借什麼東西。
Lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. Sth.
borrow 與 lend 的區別: borrow 借來 lend 借給【考例】Han Mei _________ a book from the library a week ago. A. lent B. returned C. borrowedD. wanted
【答案與解析】C。本題考查borrow 與lend 的區別。borrow 借來;lend 借給。本題的意思是從圖書館借書。故本題選C。
13. No, he doesn』t have any money, either. 不,他也沒有錢。
Either adv. 用於否定句中,表示「也」
e.g. You haven』t read that book. I haven』t read it, either.
Either, too, also
e.g. My mother hasn』t been to Beijing. My father hasn』t been there, either.
That woman is a teacher, too.
I, too, have been to London.
We also play football.
【考例】He doesn't like swimming, and he doesn't like boating,_____. A. neither B. too C. another D. either
【答案與解析】D。本題中either作副詞,用在否定句或否定片語後加強語氣,表示「也,而且」。而neither用於肯定句中。too用於三者或三者以上。故本題選D。
14. I think you should ask your parents for some money. 我想你應當向你的父母要一些錢。
Ask… for… 向……要……;
Ask for… 索要,要求得到……
e.g. He asked for time to thind all this over. 他要求給他時間把這一切好好想想。
He asked me for some money. 他想我要了些錢。
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/請求某人(不要)做某事
Ask for leave 請假
15. Have a bake sale. 賣燒烤
16. I need some money to buy gifts for my family. 我需要一些錢為我的家人買禮物
Buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. to sb.
17. They are original. 它們很新穎
Original adj. 新穎的,獨創的,原始的,最早的
e.g. original ideas 新思想
an original edition 原版
the original plan 原計劃
He is an original composer. 他是一位富有獨創力的作曲家。
18. They are inexpensive. 它們不貴。
Cheap 與 inexpensive
Cheap往往意味著質量差,指價錢便宜的或因質量差而價格低的。
Inexpensive指物美價廉的,價值與價格相比而便宜的,表示「價格公道的,不貴的」
19. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend, and they didn』t invite me. 可是我剛剛發現我的朋友們正計劃給我最好的朋友舉辦生日聚會,而他們沒有邀請我。
Just adv.
剛才,剛剛
e.g. They have just left there. 他們剛剛離開這。
僅僅,只是
e.g. Don』t scold him. He is just a child. 別責備他,他只是個孩子。
後接名詞,名詞短語或句子,意為「正好,恰好」
e.g. It was just four o』clock when we got home. 我們到家時剛好4點鍾。
註:
just now 剛才,不久以前
e.g. I saw our teacher just now. 剛才我看到我們的老師了。
Just then 正(就)在那時
e.g. Just then he came out of the room. 就在那是他從房間走了出來。
20. Find out 找出,發現,查處(真相等)
e.g. Please find out where they live. 請查處他們住在哪兒。
Find ,look for ,find out
Find 意為「找到,發現」,通常指找到或發現具體的東西,也可指偶然發現某物或某種情況,強調的是「找的結果」
e.g. He didn』t find his bike. 他沒找到他的自行車。
Look for 意為「尋找」,是有目的地找,強調「尋找」這一動作
e.g. I can』t find my pen. I』m looking for it everywhere.我的鋼筆不見了,我正在到處找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
Find out 意為「找出,發現,查明」,多指通過調查、詢問、打聽、研究之後「搞清楚,弄明白」,通常含有「經過困難曲折」的含義,指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。
e.g. Please find out when the train leaves. 請查一下火車什麼時候離站。
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question. 讀這篇短文,找出這個問題的答案。
21. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外,我們班其他人都被邀請了。
except 是介詞,表示「除了……之外」;besides 強調「除了,還有……」例如:Except Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.除麗麗外我們教室里還有42個人。Besides Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.表示麗麗也在教室,教室里有42個人。【考例】I looked for my pen everywhere _______ there. A. except B. but C. except for D. besides【答案與解析】A。本題考查 except 與 besides 的區別。except 是介詞,表示「除了……」;besides 強調「除了,還有……」。故本題選A。
22. You left your homework at home. 你把作業忘在家裡了。
leave 遺忘,留下,忘帶 例如:The old man left his pocket on the bus. 那位老人把錢包忘在了公交車上。【考例】I ______ my pen in my classroom. A. left B. leave C. forget D. forgot
【答案與解析】A。本題考查leave sth.+ 地點。這一結構。故本題選A。
23. My cousin is the same age as me. She』s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things. 我的表妹與我同歲。她確實很好,並且我們相處得很好,可她總是借我的東西。
The same age as…
Get on well 相處得好
Get on well with … 與……相處融洽、相處得好
e.g. We get on well with each other. 我們彼此相處融洽。
How do you get on with your new classmates? 你和你的新同學相處得怎麼樣?
註:Get on with 還可以表示「在某方面的進展情況」
e.g. How are you getting on with your English studies? 你的英語學習情況如何?
【考例】He wears the same clothes_____I do. A. like B. as C. on D. in
【答案與解析】B。本題考查the same as…… 意思是「與……一樣」。這一結構。故本題選B。
【考例】I get on well______ my cousin. A. on B. with C. in D. at
【答案與解析】B。本題考查固定搭配get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽。故本題選B。
24. I don』t want to have a fight with my cousin, because she is my best friend.
Havea fight with sb. = fight with sb. = fight against sb.
e.g. We can』t have a fight with each other at school. 在學校我們不能相互打架
25. Could you give some advice?
Give sb. Some advice
A piece of advice
e.g. The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.
26. The tired children don』t get home until 7 p.m. 疲憊的孩子們知道晚上7點才到家。
Not … until …
27. The Taylors are like many American and British parents. 泰勒夫婦像許多美國和英國的父母一樣。
The taylors泰勒夫婦,泰勒一家人。姓的附屬前加定冠詞the,表示「***一家人」或「***夫婦二人」
e.g. The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家正在吃飯
28. Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.
Know about… 了解,知道……的情況
e.g. I happened to know about him.
Ⅳ 人教版八年級下冊英語1-2單元語法
Unit1用will
加動詞原形
表示一般將來時態
Unit2
用should
or
could
加動詞原形
,委婉的提出要求和建議
Ⅵ 八下英語書第二單元的2d和語法框翻譯
2d 分角色表演對話。
海倫:你好,湯姆。我在制訂計劃,今年夏天要在養老工作。
湯姆:真的嗎?我去年夏天在那裡工作了!
海倫:哦,他們叫你幫忙做什麼了?
湯姆:嗯……像為老人讀報紙,或只是跟他們談話之類的事情。他們給我講一些有關過去的故事和以前的情況。
海倫:那聽起來很有趣。
湯姆:是的,很多老人很孤獨。我們應該傾聽他們並關心他們。
海倫:你說得對。我的意思是,有一天我們也都會變老的。
語法聚焦
我想幫助無家可歸的人。
你可以請求醫院讓你去看望孩子們,讓他們振作起來。
她自願一去周去那裡一次幫助孩子們學習閱讀。
她決定嘗試參加一個志願者課外閱讀項目。
馬里奧認為,這可以幫助他得到未來夢想的工作。
我在製作-些標牌 張貼在學校周圍。
Ⅶ 八年級下冊英語語法大全
a pair of一雙,一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭,全年
all kinds of各種,各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現,發生
come true實現,達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sbget along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處(好)
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來,將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)謝謝(做)
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻,馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠(特別
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 讓某人干
Ⅷ 初二英語下冊重點語法、句型歸納總結
下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)
8種常用時態的被動語態
由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。
使用被動語態「六注意」
一要注意被動語態的不同時態
被動語態由「be+過去分詞」,其中的助動詞 be 根據情況可使用各種不同時態。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現在進行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現在完成時)
二要注意帶情態動詞的被動語態
該結構的基本形式為「情態動詞+be(或be的適當形式)+過去分詞」。這類結構非常有可能作為語境題出現在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn』t have been told about it. 這事是不應當告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態。由「to be+過去分詞」構成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態。由「to have been+過去分詞」構成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結果早點告訴我的。
3. 現在分詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
4. 現在分詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I』ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做准備。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Jenny』s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 傑妮沒受過舞蹈的專業訓練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令後,我開始信心十足了。
註:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
四要注意「get+過去分詞」構成的被動語態
英語被動語態通常由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,有時也可用「get+過去分詞」構成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但總的說來,用get構成的被動語態不如用be構成的被動語態常見,尤其是在含有施動者的by短語時,用get構成被動語態更是少見。不過有時用be+過去分詞構成被動語態構成誤解時,人們可能會選get+過去分詞來避免這種誤解:
The window was broken. 窗戶破了(表狀態)。/ 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
The window got broken. 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
五要注意哪些動詞不用於被動語態
1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用於被動語態則沒有主語,故不能用於被動語態。但是值得注意的是,有些英語中的不及物動詞,譯成漢語時卻可能是「及物」的,很容易出錯,這類動詞如:take place(發生),happen(發生),come about(發生),break out(爆發),appear(出現),disappear(消失),last(持續),arise(出現,發生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。
2. 英語中的靜態動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用於被動語態:
The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。
英語不用被動語態幾種的情形
1.謂語為連系動詞時,不用被動語態。如:He looked fine. 他氣色好。The food tastes delicious. 這食物味道很好。
2. 謂語為不及物動詞(短語)時,不用被動語態。如:The war broke out in the end. 戰爭終於爆發了。
3. 賓語為不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句,表示主語的一些想法、愛好或願望時,一般不用被動語態。如:
He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We should help each other. 我們應該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他對自己想得太多。
5. 賓語是處所、地點時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。
6. 謂語部分(動詞與賓語) 是一個不可分割的動詞短語時,一般不用被動語態。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用於被動語態的靜態動詞
那裡的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 誤:Food is lacked by people there.
從形式上看,第2句是第1句的相應的被動形式,既然第1句為正句,那麼第2句從理論上說應該是成立的。而事實上第2句卻是個錯句。
在英語中,並不是所有的及物動詞都可以用於被動語態的,有些動詞(尤其是那些靜態動詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語,但卻不用於被動語態,這種動詞考生容易弄錯,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台電腦。正:He has a computer.誤:A computer is had by him.
他當時正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 誤:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。正:My shoes don』t fit me. 誤:I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意兩類被動句型的相互轉換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
It』s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現,一類是「it+be+過去分詞+that從句」,另一類則是「主語+be+過去分詞+不定式」(其中的「主語」為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通常可用於這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化):
It』s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。
表示「據說」的三類被動句型
Ⅸ 初二下學期每個單元的英語語法!
主要的就是:(來我們源老師總結的)
U1:一般將來時
U2:情態動詞
U3:過去進行時
U4:賓從語序,時態
U5:條件狀語從句
U6:現在完成進行時
U7:禮貌提出請求
U8:如何提建議
U9:現在完成時
U10:反義疑問句