1. 英語-語法-現在完成時
現在完成時的用法
have(has)+過去分詞
1.現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生活或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含義是:已可以吃飯了.)
Michael has been ill.(含義是:現在仍然很虛弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現在已在此地)
2. 現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for,since連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 現在完成時表示現在之前業已完成的動作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續,但是有一些現在完成時的句子,在後面加上for+一段時間,則現在完成時的動作就表示延續性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (現在不再學俄語)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2點用法第一個例句)
7. 現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作.
We have had four texts this semester.
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現在完成時的「完成用法」和「未完成用法」
1.現在完成時的"完成用法"
現在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻並已結束,但該動作對現在產生了影響,與現在情況具有因果關系。
例如:He has turned off the light.他已把燈關了。(動作結束於過去,但說明的是現在的情況--燈現在不亮了。)
現在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續,因此,該時態只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如:never,ever,once等)、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)連用。
例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?
2.現在完成時的"未完成用法"
現在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始於過去某一時刻,一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動作起始於1978年,一直住到現在,可能還要繼續住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。(動作開始於5年前,一直延續至今,有可能還要繼續下去。)
此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導),或表示與現在時刻相連的時間狀語(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)現在完成時的未完成用法只適用於延續性動詞,不可用於終止性動詞,即瞬間完成或延續時間很短的動詞。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
(2)現在完成時常見兩種句型:
①主語+have / has been+for短語
②It is+一段時間+ since從句
例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入團已三年了
2. 現在完成時的第一種語法結構(有實義動詞)主語+have/has+done.造句
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3. 英語語法現在完成時
第一個是過去完成時,意思是在過去某個時間已經學了6年了,第二個才是現在完成時,另,不明白你後面想問什麼
4. 初中英語現在完成時的句型結構
肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞
否定句:主語+have/has not +過去分詞
疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞
7. 現在完成時
(1) 現在完成時的句型結構
①肯定句:主語+ have/has+ 過去分詞
②否定句:主語+ have/has+ not+過去分詞
③疑問句:Have/Has +主語+過去分詞
(2) 現在完成時的用法
①表示到目前為止曾經有過的或未曾有過的經歷和體驗。常和never, ever, several times等連用。
如:
I』ve never been to Africa.
Have you ever been to Tokyo?
I』ve been there three times.
②. 表示某動作從過去開始,現在剛剛完成,對現在有一定的影響。常與just, already, yet, so far等詞語連用。
如:
He has just finished his new book.
注意:just now用於過去時。
③.表示某動作從過去開始,一直持續到現在,可能還會持續下去。通常與for或since連用。
如:I have lived in Qing for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/since I came to this city.
It is/has been …+ since….
It』s been seven years since we last saw each other.
It』s six years since he was a teacher.
注意:for+一段時間,since後接一個過去的時間點或一般過去時的句子。
④ 在表將來的時間狀語和條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時。
如:
You can go home when you have finished your work.
比較:You can go home when you finish your work.
(3) 過去分詞的構成
① 一般情況下在動詞詞尾後直接加-ed。
如:
listen-listened, talk-talked
② 以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞,直接加-d。
如:
live-lived, hope-hoped
③ 以輔音字母加y接尾的動詞,y變i,再加-ed.
如:
worry-worried, hurry-hurried
④ 以重讀閉音節結尾,且結尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫輔音字母,再加-ed。
如:
drop-dropped, plan-planned, stop-stopped
⑤ 不規則變化
如:
cut-cut-cut, come-came-come
begin-began-begun, lend-lent-lent
選自魏老師《高考語法完全突破》視頻講座記憶大綱
5. 英語語法{現在完成時}急
現在完成時
強調對現在的影響
現在完成時進行時
強調過去那一段過程(對現在的影響)
現在完成版時
I
have
done
it。我已經做了權
強調你做過的事情的本身,現在有否做不是關鍵
現在完成進行時
I
have
been
doing
it
for
years.
我已經做了幾年了。
說明這個行動沒有斷過,現在還在做。
現在完成時,強調過去完成的動作對現在的影響。
例:-Would
you
like
to
have
lunch
with
me
?
-I
have
had
it.
意思是說我吃過,不能跟你一起去了。
現在完成進行時,強調動作的持續進行,現在動作還在進行。
例:
I
have
been
working
in
this
factory
for
5
years.
表示強調時間之久,目前還在那工作。
簡單的來說,完成時態就是在過去發生的事情,做這件事情的動作在過去完結,而現在完成進行時則是做一個動作從過去一直延長到現在。
你知道了嗎?!~~
6. 現在完成時的結構是什麼還有關於英語的語法知識,都告訴我吧!謝謝大家了。
一、一般時態
1、一般現在時
(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態,常和副詞usually,often,always,sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等連用。eg:1)The moon moves round the earth.
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現在時代替將來時。eg:1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作,這類動詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。
eg:1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引導的從句中,也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You』ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般過去時
(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態,常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如:
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)
3.一般將來時
1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如:
I shall graate next year.
2)幾種替代形式:
1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示准備做或將發生的事情。例如:
I』m going to buy a house when we』ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有「必要」的強制性意義。例如:
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如:
He was about to start.
4)be e to +v表示預先確定了的事,必定發生的事。例如:
The train is e to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強調即將發生的某種事態。例如:
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二、進行時態
1.現在進行時
(1)表示現在正在進行的動作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:
Don』t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作,常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如: My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如: They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些動詞不能用進行時,這是一類表示「感覺,感情,存在,從屬」等的動詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變,便也可用進行時態。例如:
1)Tom looks pale. What』s wrong with him? (look在此為聯系動詞,意為「顯得,看上去」)
2)Tom is looking for his books. (look在此為實義動詞,意為「尋找」)
2.過去進行時
過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生後,另一個過去的動作正在進行,或表示過去反復的習慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。例如:
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.將來進行時
將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時刻開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如:
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
4.完成進行時
(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式,將放在完成時態部分講述。
三、完成時態
完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為:
1.現在完成時
(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛完成的動作(常與yet,already,just連用),或者過去某一時刻發生的,持續到現在的情況(常與for,since連用)。例如:
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有:since, for, ring, over等引導出的短語;副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語片語this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:
1)I haven』t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn』t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中:
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時;如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如:
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2.過去完成時
(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況,這個過去的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示;或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如:
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現。例如:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn』t able to get away.
另外兩種表示「過去想做而未做的事」的表達方式是:
1)was / were + to have done sth,例如:
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn』t.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如:
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)過去完成時常用於以下固定句型:
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +過去時間,主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o』clock yesterday afternoon.
3.將來完成時
將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作;也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示將來時間的短語和句子;before (the end of ) +表示將來時間的詞語或句子;when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如:
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o』clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4.完成進行時
完成進行時是完成時的強調形式,有現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時。
(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven』t found it.
(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如:
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四:時態一致
通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是:
1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時,從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
「Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?」 「Yes, but I don』t know who bought it.」
「There』s a lot of excitement on the street.」
「There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?」
2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候,從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時,從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如:
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
註:在此種情況下,即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態,從句謂語也應用一般現在時。
4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況
利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時,還應注意,若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞,從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣,不能遵循時態一致原則。例如:
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
7. 在英語中關於現在完成時要注意的語法
現在完成時是英文時態的一種
現在完成時的用法
have(has)+過去分詞(done)
1.現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生活或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含義是:已可以吃飯了.)
Michael has been ill.(含義是:現在仍然很虛弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現在已在此地)
2. 現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for,since連用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 現在完成時表示現在之前業已完成的動作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續,但是有一些現在完成時的句子,在後面加上for+一段時間,則現在完成時的動作就表示延續性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (現在不再學俄語)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2點用法第一個例句)
7. 現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作.
We have had four texts this semester.
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現在完成時的「完成用法」和「未完成用法」
1.現在完成時的"完成用法"
現在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻並已結束,但該動作對現在產生了影響,與現在情況具有因果關系。
例如:He has turned off the light.他已把燈關了。(動作結束於過去,但說明的是現在的情況--燈現在不亮了。)
現在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續,因此,該時態只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如:never,ever,once等)、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)連用。
例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?
2.現在完成時的"未完成用法"
現在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始於過去某一時刻,一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動作起始於1978年,一直住到現在,可能還要繼續住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。(動作開始於5年前,一直延續至今,有可能還要繼續下去。)
此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導),或表示與現在時刻相連的時間狀語(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)現在完成時的未完成用法只適用於延續性動詞,不可用於終止性動詞,即瞬間完成或延續時間很短的動詞。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
(2)現在完成時常見兩種句型:
①主語+have / has been+for短語
②It is+一段時間+ since從句
例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入團已三年了
8. 英語語法現在完成時
現在完成時結構是:have done sth.
第一個have 是結構里的have,第二個had 是跟my breakfast連一起的,即結構里的done sth.