Ⅰ 請舉幾個英語倒裝句的用法以及例子
英語倒裝句用法淺析
倒裝(Inversion)是一種語法手段,用以表示一定句子結構的需要和強調某一句子成分的需要。英語的最基本結構是主、謂結構,倒裝就是將這種比較固定的結構加以顛倒。
倒裝有兩種:將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,叫做完全倒裝(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只將助動詞(包括情態動詞)移至主語之前,叫做部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英語句子的倒裝一是由於語法結構的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由於修辭的需要而進行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現語法錯誤;後一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產生表達效果上的差異。下面本文就擬從其修辭功能談談倒裝句的用法。
一、 表示強調:
倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調,其表現形式如下:
1. only +狀語或狀語從句置於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。
3. so / such...that結構中的so或such位於句首可以構成部分倒裝句,表示強調so /such和that之間的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的綵排進行得那麼長,以致於那兩個演員都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
二、 承上啟下
有時倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說出來,從而使前後兩句在意思上的關系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他們破門進入她叔叔的卧室,發現他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實不應因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續是窮光蛋。
三、 製造懸念,渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學創作中,有時為了內容的需要,或是為了強調,作者常常運用倒裝來製造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 牆上掛著一幅精美的圖畫。
再如朗費羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在這一節詩里 ,詩人就富有創意地運用了倒裝。在前五行中 ,詩人堆砌了七個狀語,狀語連續出現而主語和謂語卻遲遲未露 ,造成一種懸念效應。全節讀罷 ,讀者才對詩歌的主題恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡響的藝術效果。
四、 平衡結構
英語修辭的一個重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語言使用中為了避免產生頭重腳輕、結構不平衡的句子,我們常採用倒裝語序。
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時,為了使句子平衡,常將狀語置於句首,句子用完全倒裝語序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個連隊的解放軍戰士來到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調,等著用船運到其他城市去。
從例句中可看出, 採用倒裝語序的A句結構平衡穩妥 ,讀起來自然流暢,而採用自然語序的B句結構零亂, 讀起來也別扭。因而,在主語較長時就應採用倒裝語序以取得理想的表達效果。
2. 以表語開頭的句子:有時為了把較長的主語放在後面,須將表語和謂語都提到主語前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來的家就是這個樣子。
3. 以副詞here , there開頭的句子,也採用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在這兒。
五、 使描寫生動
有時為了使敘述或描繪更加生動形象,增加語言效果,可將表示方向的副詞(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置於句首,句子採用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 當警察把手槍瞄準那個罪犯時,嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轟隆一聲大炮開火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一聲槍響!
以上句子簡潔明快 ,生動逼真地描述了有關動作 ,令我們一覽此類倒裝的風采。但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語段中可以體現得更為清楚。
「Stop thief! Stop thief!」 There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
「Stop thief ! Stop thief !」 The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away, up和out位於句首引出四個倒裝句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。從而製造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛 ,生動地刻畫了一個緊張、混亂的捉賊場面。
倒裝是英語中一個重要的修辭手段。倒裝句的使用豐富了我們的語言表達,了解並掌握倒裝句各種句式的用法 , 不僅會提高我們對英語語言的欣賞能力 , 對英語表達能力的提高也將大有裨益。因此,寫作中適當用一些倒裝句式定會使文章表達更生動、有力。
Ⅱ 英語的倒裝句語法枝幹有哪些呀
1、部分倒裝
(助動詞倒裝)
是指把謂語的一部分(助動詞)提到主語的前面。
例:
Never
in
my
life
have
I
seen
such
a
thing.
1)句首為否定詞或否定意義的詞語時,句子要部分倒裝。
(
not
,
not
only
,
never
,
little
,
seldom
,
hardly...
)
2)hardly
(
scarcely
)
,
no
sooner
引導的部分在句首要部分倒裝。
3)not
only
...
but
also
...
引導兩個並列句,前倒後不倒。
4)only
在句首引導狀語,或not
until
引導的狀語在句首,主句要部分倒裝。
5)if
從句中如有
were
(
had
,
should
)
,
if
省去後,要部分倒裝。
6)as
引導的讓步狀語從句,要部分倒裝(表語、狀語倒裝)。
7)狀語位於句首表示強調或使句子平衡,或使上下文緊密銜接,句子要部分倒裝。
2、完全倒裝(主謂倒裝)
是指把謂語全部提到主語的前面。
例:
In
a
lecture
hall
of
a
university
in
England
sits
a
professor.
1)由
here
,
there
,
now
,
then
...
引導的句子,要完全倒裝。
2)句首是擬聲詞或
away
,
down
等副詞,句子要完全倒裝。
(以上兩種情況中的主語如是代詞則不倒裝)
3)介詞短語作狀語在句首,句子要完全倒裝。
4)So
do
(
am
)
I
.
或Nor
(
Neither
)
do
(
am
)
I.
該結構
是完全倒裝,其主句與前一句的主語各是一人。
Ⅲ 英語倒裝語法的問題
倒裝是一種語法手段,用於表示一定的句子結構或強調某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種:完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
完全倒裝
1) 完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前(是整個謂語動詞,而非助動詞)。 例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老師走了進來,然後開始上課。) 2) there引出的完全倒裝句:除了最常見的there be句型以外,there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都譯成"有"的含義,構成完全倒裝句。 例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(遠處有個穿黑色衣服的人。) 3) 由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句:以地點副詞here, there和時間副詞now, then 開頭,後面的動詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主語又是名詞時,構成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4)表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首,謂語表示運動的動詞且主語是名詞時使用完全倒裝 5)在強調狀語時1)當句首狀語為方位詞或擬聲詞,謂語動詞為go, come等表示位置轉移的動詞時句子須倒裝。例如: 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 註:如果主語是代詞則不發生倒裝。例如: 1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞片語時,句子須倒裝。例如: 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 當句首狀語由「only +副詞」,「only +介詞片語」,「only +狀語從句」構成時,句子須倒裝。例如: 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不屬於完全倒裝) 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. (6)當句首狀語為here, there, now, then等時,句子須倒裝,主語是代詞時,句子不用倒裝。例如: 1)Here is a ticket for you. 2)Now comes your turn. 3)Here he comes. (7)以關聯詞so (…that)開頭的句子中,句子須倒裝。例如: 1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can』t sleep at night. 註:在該結構中,「so +形容詞」是表語的前置;「so +副詞」是狀語的前置。 .在直接引語之後 在敘事性書面語中,直接引語後常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之類的詞語。在這些 詞語中,動詞常的主語之前,主語是代詞時,不用倒裝。例如: 1)「What do you mean?」 asked Henry. 2)「What do you mean?」 he asked. . often, many a time等表示頻度的狀語置於句首時 例如:Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12.在as, though引導的讓步狀語從句中 在as, though引導的讓步狀語從句中,一般將形容詞、副詞或名詞等置於句首。例如: 1)Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2)Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機肚底下竄出一枚導彈。 Out he rushed. 注意: 1) 在here, there引出的倒裝句中,當主語是普通名詞時用完全倒裝句,但當主語是代詞時,就要用部分倒裝句。 例:Here comes the postman!(郵遞員終於來了!注意實意謂語動詞位於主語之前。) Here we are.(我們到了。注意系動詞位於主語代詞之後。) 2) 當主語是代詞,謂語是系動詞,表語是說明性的詞、片語和定語從句時,可以使用完全倒裝句,起強調作用。 例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸運,被一所名牌大學錄取了。) Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中國典型的是相聲表演,兩個喜劇演員通過文字游戲逗樂觀眾)
部分倒裝解析
1) 部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態動詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強調成分提前。 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢想中的生活) 2) 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動詞或情態動詞提前、甚至補充助動詞的用法: 例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。) In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(據說除了英國世界上沒有哪個國家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化) 3) 以否定副詞開頭並加狀語放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the 「true English」. 4)一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引導的主從復合句主句要求使用過去完成式。 注意:在部分倒裝句中,只有助動詞、情態動詞或連系動詞to be可以置於主語之前,其它部分都要置於主語之後。 5)此外,一些介詞+no+名詞的結構中需要用部分倒裝,這些結構包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意: a) 如果含有從句時,只要求主句倒裝: 例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。) b) 如果上述否定副詞出現在強調句型中的前半部分,不用倒裝: 例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出國以後才了解到事實真相。) c) 如果hardly, scarcely後面接的是any, ever, at all時,意義類似almost no/ not/ never(幾乎不、從不),則無須倒裝。 例:Hardly any people having been invited went there.(幾乎沒有什麼受到邀請的人去那裡了。) 6) 由no matter how, however和how引導的狀語從句要求部分倒裝,因為形容詞或副詞通常緊跟在這三個引導詞後面,然後才是主語和謂語,形成形式上的部分倒裝句: 例:I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一點也不了解這條河,不知道它有多長,多寬或多深。) 7) 由as引導的部分倒裝句: a) 當as作為比較意義時,即用於as + adj./ adv. + as結構中時,如果把第一個as省略掉,就形成部分倒裝句。 例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家裡人一樣謹慎小心,她似乎不願意立即回答我的問題。) She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑上樓去,跑得象兔子那麼快!) b) 當 as引導讓步狀語時,和although, though一樣,當用作「盡管」之義時,可以用於部分倒裝句。 Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功,但他還是沒及格) c) 表示原因時,為了強調起見,也可以倒裝。 例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因為他太累了,我們決定不打擾他。) d) 等於so時,意義是「也,也是」 例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
so, neither, nor倒裝
除了構成上述倒裝句以外,還可以取代上文出現的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話,構成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。 a) 當so表示「也,相同,那樣」時,通常表示對前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內容,要求使用完全倒裝句: He promised to finish my homework, so did I. b) so /such ……that句型可以構成部分倒裝句,表示強調so /such和that之間的部分: 例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her. c)也存在such+be+主語的情況用以強調,例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦是一個有偉大成就的普通人) d) neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式,其含義分別為: 1) 完全倒裝時:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示對前一句否定句的贊同或一致內容。 例:You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道現在該做什麼,我也不知道。) 2) 和其它否定副詞連用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒裝句: 例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they .(被包圍的敵人既不能進,也不能退。) 注意:若把這句話改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包圍的敵人既不能進,也不能退。)"就不必倒裝。 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 3) 用在肯定句里,構成一般否定倒裝: 例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我們可不能忘記。)
部分倒裝作用
有承上啟下作用,表示同意和贊同: 例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我幫不了她。) B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能幫她,但你本可以找人幫她的。) 2) 在進行比較的句子里,如果主語不是代詞時,可以倒裝: 例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美國消耗的能源比我們國家多。) 3)在某些表示祝願的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy. 4)在文學作品中常出現倒裝,有些是由於語法習慣,有些是為了簡單的修辭,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不帶走一片雲彩).
不用倒裝的地方
注:如果only後面的片語不是狀語,則不用倒裝. Only Wang Ling knows this . 如果直接引語後註明引語是什麼人說的,而且主語是名詞時,用倒裝結構;主語是代詞時,一般不用倒裝。 " Let' go ," said the man .
編輯本段分類
there be結構的倒裝 在「there be」(或there + appear to be,come,exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 雪結構中,倒裝形式為完全倒裝。如: There were many students in the reading room in this evening. 今晚閱覽室里有許多學生。 There is a TV set, a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room. 客廳里有一台電視機,一套組合音響和一些椅子。 here,there,now,then等引起的倒裝 在以here,there,now,then等簡短副詞引起的句子中(前三個須用一般現在時),動詞往往是be,come,go等時, 這類句子大多帶有引起注意的含義。如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你久盼的信在這兒。 但要注意:如果主語是人稱代詞,則不用倒裝。如: Here they are. 他們在這兒。 省略if的非真實條件狀語從句中的倒裝 虛擬結構中的條件從句省去if時,were, had, should須移至主語之前。如: Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job. 如果你在大學期間讀書用功些,現在就會找到一份更好的工作。 Were he better qualified, he would apply for the position. 要是他的條件再好些,他就申請這個職位。 what,how引起的倒裝 以What, how開頭的感嘆句(表語或賓語提前)。如: What beautiful weather (it is)! 多好的天氣啊!(表語提前) What a lovely picture he painted! 他畫了一張多好的畫啊!(賓語提前) 疑問詞或連接詞引起的倒裝 在疑問詞或連接詞whether等引起的從句中。如: Whatever you may say, I won』t go there. 無論你怎樣說,我都不會去那兒。(狀語從句中賓語提前) What book he wants is not clear. 他要什麼書還不清楚。(主語從句中賓語提前) 否定詞位於句首時引起的倒裝 (1). never,seldom,hardly,little,few等引起的倒裝 否定詞never,seldom,rarely,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,few等位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. 我很少有時間去看電影。 (2). nowhere,no longer,no more等引起的倒裝 nowhere(無處),no longer(不再),no more(也不)等否定詞位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式: No longer was he in charge of this work. 他不再負責這項工作了。 (3). not until,not a,not in the least等引起的倒裝 not until(直到……才),not a(一個……也沒有),not in the least(一點兒也不),not for a minute/moment(一點兒也不)等位於句首時,通常引起倒裝(not a之後的名詞作主語時除外),其形式通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike. 一直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之後,工人們才決定罷工。 Not once did he talk to me. 他一次也沒有和我談過。 (4). under no circumstances,by no means,in no way等引起的倒裝 in/under no circumstances(無論如何不),by no means (決不),in no case (無論如何不),in no way (決不),on no account (決不可),on no condition(決不)等短語位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: In no case must force be resorted to. 決不準許訴諸武力。 By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well. 並非所有的英國人都通曉本國語。 關聯連詞位於句首時引起的倒裝 (1). not only...but also引起的倒裝 not only...but also位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時形式或一般過去時形式,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them. 我們不僅應該不怕困難,而且應該盡最大努力去克服它們。 (2). neither...nor引起的倒裝 neither...nor位於句首引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Neither Peter wanted the responsibility,nor did his wife. 彼得不想擔此責任,他妻子也不想擔此責任。 (3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒裝 hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no sooner...than位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他剛到就又被請走了。 (4). so...that引起的倒裝 so...that位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn』t speak. 他如此憤怒,以致說不出話來。 (5). such...that引起的倒裝 such...that位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 爆炸的威力如此之大,以致所有的窗戶都被震破了。 only引起的倒裝 當副詞only位於句首並修飾狀語或賓語時,引起句子的倒裝,其形式通常為部分倒裝,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝。如: Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。 Only yesterday did I finish this the book. 到昨天我才讀完那本書。 表語位於句首時所引起的倒裝 當作表語的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等位於句首時,常常引起倒裝,其形式為完全倒裝: Aristotle says,「Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth.」 亞里斯多德說,「吾愛柏拉圖,但更愛真理。」 Present at the meeting were Professor Smith,Professor Brown,Sir Hugh and many other celebrities. 到會的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及許多其他知名人士。 狀語位於句首時所引起的倒裝 (1). 當位於句首的狀語是一些表示地點的介詞短語或表示運動方向的副詞(如away,back,down,in,off,out,up)時,常常引起倒裝,其形式為全部倒裝。如: Away went the runners. 賽跑手們刷地跑開了。 Down came the rain. 雨嘩地落下來了。 (2).介詞短語作地點狀語,放在句首,後面跟的是不及物動詞be,come,sit live,stand,lie,exist等時常常引起倒裝,其形式為全部倒裝。如: Next to the table is a chair. 桌旁有把椅子。 At the South Pole lies Antarctica, the coldest and most desolate region on earth. 南極洲位於南極,它是地球上最寒冷和最荒涼的地區。 狀語從句中的倒裝 (1).讓步狀語從句中的倒裝 as引導的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝: 在as引導的讓步狀語從句中,位於句首的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞,還可以是謂語動詞的一部分,從而形成從句的部分倒裝。如: Tires as he was, he continued the work. 雖然他累了,但是仍然繼續工作。 (2).方式狀語從句中的倒裝 as引導的方式狀語從句一般為正常語序,但是,如果主語比謂語長,可將謂語動詞置於主語之前,形成完全倒裝。如: He believed,as did all his family,that the king was the supreme lord. 他和他全家人一樣,都認為國王是至高無上的君主。 (3).比較狀語從句的倒裝 than引導的比較狀語從句中的倒裝: 由than引導的比較狀語從句一般為正常語序。但是,如果主語較長,可將謂語動詞置於主語之前,形成完全倒裝: Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska. 內布拉斯加西部地區的降雪通常比東部地區少。 the more...,the more...結構中的倒裝 在以the more..., the more...引導的倒裝結構中,採用部分倒裝;如果主句的主語較長,可將謂語動詞置於主語之前,形成完全倒裝。如: The more books you read(賓語提前),the wider your knowledge is(表語提前). 書讀得越多,知識就越淵博。
Ⅳ 英語語法倒裝講解,要完整的
一般來說,倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝,有的倒裝是因為語法需要而出現的,有的倒裝則是因為結構平衡的需要而出現的。
一、完全倒裝(主謂倒裝)是指把謂語全部提到主語的前面。 例:In the harbor sits Denmark"s bestknown landmark,the Little Mermaid
1.以here, there,now, then引導的句子,要完全倒裝。這種句子中的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。
如:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
注意:若代詞作主語,只把該副詞提前主謂語序不變。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2句首是擬聲詞或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副詞,句子要完全倒裝。(注意,這時句子的主語也必須是名詞。如果是人稱代詞,也不能使用倒裝結構。) 如:Up went the rocket. /Up it went.
3. 介詞短語作狀語在句首,句子要完全倒裝。注意,這時句子的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。
如:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表語置於句首,且主語較長或結構較復雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如:Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.
5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所說的情況也適合於後者,其倒裝結構為「so/ neither/ nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態動詞」,這里的主語同前一個句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如:She has finished her homework, so has her brother.
She hasn』t gone there, neither/ nor has he.
二、部分倒裝(助動詞倒裝)是指把謂語的一部分(助動詞)提到主語的前面。 例: Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1.用於疑問句中。如:How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2. if 從句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去後,要部分倒裝,把were,had,should提到主語前面。如:
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.as 引導的讓步狀語從句,要部分倒裝(表語、狀語倒裝)。有以下幾種形式:
1) 副詞置於句首。如:Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.
2) 動詞置於句首。如:Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you.
3) 形容詞或名詞置於句首。如:Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注意:如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時,as引導的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如:
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.句首為否定詞或否定意義的詞語時,句子要部分倒裝。( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only 在句首引導狀語,或not until 引導的狀語在句首,主句要部分倒裝。如:
Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents』 intentions.
但若only修飾的是句子的其它成分,則無需倒裝。如:Only socialism can save China. (only修飾句子的主語,仍用正常語序)
6.not only ... but also ... 引導兩個並列句,前倒後不倒。如:
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結構
Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.
8. 用於某些表示祝願的句子里。May you succeed!
9. so或so引導的短語放在句首,要部分倒裝。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
so…that結構中的倒裝。有時要強調so 所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時,主句要用倒裝結構。如:
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.
--So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒裝)
10.狀語位於句首表示強調或使句子平衡,或使上下文緊密銜接,句子要部分倒裝。
倒裝句的用法
1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副詞開頭的句子里,如果主語是名詞,常用全部倒裝。
Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain .
若代詞作主語,只把該副詞提前主謂語序不變。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2 . 當句首狀語是表示地點的介詞片語時,也常常引起全部倒裝。 South of the city lies a big steel factory .
3 . 以帶有否定意義而且修飾全句的詞開頭的句子,要用「部分倒裝」語序 ( 倒裝的方法跟變一般疑問句的方法相似 ) 。這類常見詞有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引導從句時,主句「部分倒裝」 ) ,little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。 例:Never shall I do this again .
其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示「一……就……」的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用「部分倒裝」形式的過去完成時,than , when 引出的從句用過去時。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain .
如果帶有否定意義的詞不是修飾全句,只是修飾主語,那麼句子的主謂不必倒裝。
Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd .
4 . so 修飾形容詞或副詞,only 修飾副詞或狀語放在句首時「部分倒裝」。
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English .
如果 only 修飾主語,句子則不倒裝。 例如:Only Wang Lin knows this .
5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首,作「也不」講時,所引導的句子部分倒裝。He can』 t answer the question . Neither can I .
6.為了保持句子平衡或為了強調表語或狀語,或使上下文緊密銜接時,需倒裝。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil .
7.由 as , though ( although ) 引導的表示「雖然」,「盡管」的讓步狀語從句,用倒裝語序,即把從句中的表語或狀語等放在 as 的前面。
Ⅳ 英語中的從句和倒裝句怎麼區別
倒裝句
英語中的語序通常是「主語在前,謂語在後」,這稱為自然語序。反之,謂語動詞的一部分或全部放在主語的前面,這樣的語序稱為倒狀語序。倒狀又分為全部倒狀和部分倒狀兩種。按照目的來分類,倒裝句可分為兩類:因語法結構引起的倒裝句和部分引起的倒裝句。
1) 語法倒裝句型
(一) 疑問倒裝
Can you operate the new machine ?你能操作這台機器么?
In what way are they different ?她們在哪些方面不同?
(二) There be 句型的倒裝
There are many forms of energy . 能量有多種形式。
There stands a stone bridge across the river .河上有座石橋。
(三) 表示祝願的倒裝
May you succeed ! 祝你成功!
(四) 以here, there, now, then, thus等副詞為句首的句子倒裝。謂語動詞通常是be, come, go, exist, follow等不及物動詞。
Here is the book you want .你要的書在這兒。
There goes the bell.鈴響了。
Now is the hour when they say goodbye.她們告別的時候到了。
Then follows the fashion show .然後是時裝表演。
(五) 表示否定或基本否定的詞與片語放在句首的句子倒裝。這樣的詞與片語主要有: never \ seldom \ scarcely \ hardly \ rarely \ little \ not \nowhere ; hardly … when \ no sooner … than … \ in no case \ in no way \ on no account \ at no time \not only … but also 等等。
Never has any country made so much progress in such a short time .從來沒有任何一個國家在這么短的時間內取得這樣大的進步。
Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days .那幾天湯姆很少離開她的實驗室。
No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work. . 她們一到工廠就開始工作起來了。
(六) 「Only +狀語」放在句首的句子倒裝
Only by working hard can one succeed .只有努力才能成功。
Only once have I seen him . 我只見過她一次面。
Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health .只有生病的時候才知道健康的可貴。
(七) 反復倒裝。
如果前面分句中所述的情況也適合後面的分句,後面的分句常用so (肯定句),nor , neither 或no more (否定句)開頭引導倒裝句。
They can leave now , so can we.她們現在可以離開,我們也能。
Our society has changed and so have the people in it . 社會變了,人也變了。
He didn』t see the film last night , neither did she .她昨晚沒有看電影,她也沒看。
Energy cannot be created ,and neither can it be destroyed .能量不能創造,也不能消滅。
(八) 虛擬條件句中的倒裝。虛擬語氣中的條件從句省去if 時,were ,had 或should 須放在主語前面。
Were it not for your help ,I wouldn』t have got I have today .要是沒有你的幫助,我就不會有今天。
Were there no air ,there would be no sound .沒有空氣就沒有聲音。
Had I left a little earlier ,I would have caught .我要是早點動身就趕上火車了。
2) 強調倒裝句
因強調而引起的倒裝句,一般是強調什麼成分就將什麼成分放在句首,使其句子倒裝。
(1) 狀語放在句首
Down went the boat ! 船沉了!
Off is the train . 火車開走了。
Up went the rocket into the air . 火箭上了天。
Across the river lies a newly building steel bridge .新建的一座鋼橋橫跨這條河流。
(2) 表語放在句首
Great are our achievements in science and technology .我們在科技上的成就是偉大的。
Of all metal construction are wing structures of modern high-speed airplanes.現代高速飛機的機翼是全金屬結構的。
(3) 賓語放在句首
What man has done man can do .前人能做的,後人也能做。
What he did I cannot imagine .我想像不出她做了什麼。
Whether these figures are accurate ,I don』t know .這些數字是否精確,我不知道。
What will be the outcome ,no one can tell.後果會怎樣,沒有人知道。
賓語從句的一種形式:主語+及物動詞+that引導的從句(作賓語)。
有許多動詞可以跟引導的從句作賓語(that常可省略)。
I think (that) she is come from Canada. 我認為她來自加拿大。
I think (that) I passed in Maths. 我認為我通過數學考試了。
I guess (that) we'll leave now. 我想我們該走了。
He says (that) he has just arrived Australia. 他說他剛剛到了澳大利亞。
He claimed (that) he saw the accident. 他聲稱他目睹了這次車禍。
I hope (that) I have said nothing to pain you. 我希望我沒說什麼使你難過的
Ⅵ 英語語法中倒裝句的具體知識點。
倒裝
英語句子的語序通常是主語在前,謂語在後,這種語序稱作正常語序或自然語序。但有時出於語法或達到某種修辭目的(強調、承上啟下、平衡等)的需要,要把謂語動詞放在主語前面,這種語序稱作倒裝(Inversion)語序。將謂語動詞完全移至主語之前,稱完全倒裝(Full Inversion);如果只是把助動詞或情態動詞放在主語之前,稱為部分倒裝。
1. there be結構的倒裝
在「there be」(或there + appear to be,come,exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 雪結構中,倒裝形式為完全倒裝。如:
There were many students in the reading room in this evening.
今晚閱覽室里有許多學生。
2. here,there,now,then等引起的倒裝
在以here,there,now,then等簡短副詞引起的句子中(前三個須用一般現在時),動詞往往是be,come,go等時, 這類句子大多帶有引起注意的含義。如:
Here comes the bus.
公共汽車來了。
但要注意:如果主語是人稱代詞,則不用倒裝。如:
Here they are. 他們在這兒。
3. 省略if的非真實條件狀語從句中的倒裝
虛擬結構中的條件從句省去if時,were, had, should須移至主語之前。
如:
Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.
如果你在大學期間讀書用功些,現在就會找到一份更好的工作。
4. 副詞so, neither, nor等引起的倒裝
在用so, nor, neither表示「也/不……」這一類結構里其公式是:
肯定: so+be/have/助動詞/情態動詞+主語
否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助動詞/情態動詞+主語。如:
—He has been to Beijing.他去過北京。
—So have I.我也去過。
—They can』t answer the question.他們不會回答這個問題。
—Neither than I.我也不會。
5. what,how引起的倒裝
以What, how開頭的感嘆句(表語或賓語提前)。如:
What beautiful weather (it is)!
多好的天氣啊!(表語提前)
What a lovely picture he painted!
他畫了一張多好的畫啊!(賓語提前)
6. 疑問詞或連接詞引起的倒裝
在疑問詞或連接詞whether等引起的從句中。如:
Whatever you may say, I won』t go there.
無論你怎樣說,我都不會去那兒。(狀語從句中賓語提前)
7. 否定詞位於句首時引起的倒裝
(1). never,seldom,hardly,little,few等引起的倒裝
否定詞never,seldom,rarely,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,few等位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.
我很少有時間去看電影。
(2). nowhere,no longer,no more等引起的倒裝
nowhere(無處),no longer(不再),no more(也不)等否定詞位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式:
No longer was he in charge of this work.
他不再負責這項工作了。
(3). not until,not a,not in the least等引起的倒裝
not until(直到……才),not a(一個……也沒有),not in the least(一點兒也不),not for a minute/moment(一點兒也不)等位於句首時,通常引起倒裝(not a之後的名詞作主語時除外),其形式通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.
一直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之後,工人們才決定罷工。
(4). under no circumstances,by no means,in no way等引起的倒裝
in/under no circumstances(無論如何不),by no means (決不),in no case (無論如何不),in no way (決不),on no account (決不可),on no condition(決不)等短語位於句首時所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
In no case must force be resorted to.
決不準許訴諸武力。
8. 關聯連詞位於句首時引起的倒裝
(1). not only...but also引起的倒裝
not only...but also位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時形式或一般過去時形式,則為完全倒裝形式。如: Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.
我們不僅應該不怕困難,而且應該盡最大努力去克服它們。
(2). neither...nor引起的倒裝
neither...nor位於句首引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
Neither Peter wanted the responsibility,nor did his wife.
彼得不想擔此責任,他妻子也不想擔此責任。
(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒裝
hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no
sooner...than位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
他剛到就又被請走了。
(4). so...that引起的倒裝
so...that位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn』t speak.
他如此憤怒,以致說不出話來。
(5). such...that引起的倒裝
such...that位於句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝形式。如:
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸的威力如此之大,以致所有的窗戶都被震破了。
9. only引起的倒裝
當副詞only位於句首並修飾狀語或賓語時,引起句子的倒裝,其形式通常為部分倒裝,如果謂語動詞為be的一般現在時或一般過去時,則為完全倒裝。如:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。
10. 表語位於句首時所引起的倒裝
當作表語的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等位於句首時,常常引起倒裝,其形式為完全倒裝:
Aristotle says,「Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth.」
亞里斯多德說,「吾愛柏拉圖,但更愛真理。」
11. 狀語位於句首時所引起的倒裝
(1). 當位於句首的狀語是一些表示地點的介詞短語或表示運動方向的副詞(如away,back,down,in,off,out,up)時,常常引起倒裝,其形式為全部倒裝。如:
Away went the runners.
賽跑手們刷地跑開了。
(2).介詞短語作地點狀語,放在句首,後面跟的是不及物動詞be,come,sit live,stand,lie,exist等時常常引起倒裝,其形式為全部倒裝。如:
Next to the table is a chair.
桌旁有把椅子。
12. 狀語從句中的倒裝
(1).讓步狀語從句中的倒裝
as引導的讓步狀語從句中的倒裝:
在as引導的讓步狀語從句中,位於句首的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞,還可以是謂語動詞的一部分,從而形成從句的部分倒裝。如:
Tires as he was, he continued the work.
雖然他累了,但是仍然繼續工作。
(2).方式狀語從句中的倒裝
as引導的方式狀語從句一般為正常語序,但是,如果主語比謂語長,可將謂語動詞置於主語之前,形成完全倒裝。如:
He believed,as did all his family,that the king was the supreme lord.
他和他全家人一樣,都認為國王是至高無上的君主。
(3).比較狀語從句的倒裝
than引導的比較狀語從句中的倒裝:
由than引導的比較狀語從句一般為正常語序。但是,如果主語較長,可將謂語動詞置於主語之前,形成完全倒裝:
Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska.
內布拉斯加西部地區的降雪通常比東部地區少。
13. the more...,the more...結構中的倒裝
在以the more..., the more...引導的倒裝結構中,採用部分倒裝;如果主句的主語較長,可將謂語動詞置於主語之前,形成完全倒裝。如:
The more books you read(賓語提前),the wider your knowledge is(表語提前).
書讀得越多,知識就越淵博。
Ⅶ 求英語高考各類作文句型,從句倒裝什麼的
自己講不全面哈~~也累啊~~只好幫你摘個~~~挺正確的~~英語句子使用的目的,可分為四大類:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。這四大類型句子都有可能出現倒裝句。倒裝句分為全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種類型。淺析如下:一、疑問句中出現的倒裝句1.特殊疑問句中(1)Whatisthis?(全倒裝)(2)Whichdoyouwant?(部分倒裝)(3)Whendidyougetupyesterday?2.一般疑問句(1)DoyoustudyEnglisheveryday?(部分倒裝)(2)MayIcomein?(3)Areyougoingtobeateacher?特殊疑問句中,如果疑問詞做主語或疑問詞修飾主語時,句子不用倒裝,即用陳述語序。例如:Whodidityesterday?Whichcomradecandothiswork?一般疑問句中,常把助動詞或情態動詞放在句首,即位於主語前,而構成部分倒裝。二、感嘆句中出現倒裝句1.What引導的感嘆句(1)Whatahappylifewehavehad!(賓語在主語前面)(2)Whatafinedayitis!(表語在主語前面)(3)!2.How引導的感嘆句(1)Howhappyweare!(表語在前面)(2)Howhardtheyareworking!(狀語在前面)(3)Howniceadayitis!3.副詞引導詞引導的感嘆句(1)Therecomesthebus!(2)Incomethestudents!(3)Offgoestheworker!What或how引導的句子,主謂也有不倒裝的。What所強調的重點是名詞,這一名詞一般是表語或賓語,有時所強調的名詞可能是主語。例如:Whatenormouscrowdcame!(《當代英語語法》中冊P87)。What也可單獨使用。例句:Whatshesufferedintheolddays!(《英語分類句型》P90)How修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。有時howmany的搭配也可修飾名詞。ForhowmanyyearshaveIwaited!該短語作狀語。(《當代英語語法》)副詞引導詞位於句首,一方面為了強調,另一方面使情景生動。主語是名詞時,主謂倒裝;如果主語是人稱代詞,主謂不倒裝。例如:Awayhewenttothestation!三、祈使句中出現的倒裝(1)Longlivetheking!(《最新實用英漢辭典》P769)(2)LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!(3)Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!Longmayhelive!願他長命百歲!(《英華大辭典》P780)(4)Don'tyouopenthedoor.Don'tanyoneopenthedoor.(《當代英語語法》中冊P85)祈使句一般無主語,有時也有主語出現。祈使句的主語要重讀,代詞也要重讀(陳述句的主語一般不重讀)。祈使句常用句號。表示一種強烈感情時,句子用感嘆號。四、陳述句中出現的幾種倒裝句1.主謂倒裝(1)Long,.(2).(3)「Comealong,then.」saidthebird.(4).表語倒裝(1)SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievments(全倒裝句)(2).(3)Averyreliablepersonheis.(主語是人稱代詞時,主謂不倒裝)(《英語分類句型》P400)3.賓語倒裝(1).(2)Twenty-onedollarstheytookforit.(3)Notasinglemistakedidhemake.(4).賓語在前時,多數屬於強調部分,句子一般不加助動詞,偶爾也有助動詞出現,如例句(3)。4.復合句中的倒裝(1)ItakebackwhatIsaid.(2).要是沒有那位船長,就會連船帶人都沉沒了。(3)WereIyou,Iwouldgowithhim.(4)Proudasthesenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.(5),butalsohisGermancitizenship.(6)Hardly(Scarcely).(7)Theharderyouwork,.5.其他倒裝陳述句中為了保持句子平衡或為了強調表語、賓語、狀語等成分,或使上下文緊密銜接時,使用倒裝句。(1),「.」(定語從句中,主語的同位語太長)(2)Theyenteredtheclassroom,infrontofwhichsatanaughtyboy.(使上下文緊密銜接)(3)ners.(主語加上定語後太長而表語短,所以表語在前面,強調句子平衡)
Ⅷ 英語語法 倒裝句
only 加狀語放句首,句子半倒裝。例如 only in this way can you finish this work. only on the top of the hill did he see the village. only at night will you watch the stars with your eyes....
though 和as 引導倒裝的方式一樣。有表語內 表語提容前,沒有表語狀語提前,沒有狀語,謂語提前。例如
young as/though he is , the boy still can solve this problem
hard as /though he works, the boy ...
tried as /though he , the boy..
Ⅸ 誰能給解釋一下英語語法中倒裝
倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和 一般過去時。常見的結構有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,並將其置於主語之前。
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從復合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時,其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,D 中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前,後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時,一般採用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意:只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時,才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個並列詞語,不可用倒裝結構。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案:B. nor為增補意思"也不關心",因此句子應倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。
注意: 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時,不可用倒裝結構。意為"的確如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。
注意:
1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時,後面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。
其他部分倒裝
1) so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時,需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝願的句型中:
May you all be happy.
3) 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞,可將if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主語之前,採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例題:
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案為D. 否定詞Not在句首,要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案為B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析:答案為B. 句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構,表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句,表示前一情況的重復出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
Ⅹ 英語倒裝句
用於部分倒裝的情況:1 表示否定意義或半否定意義的詞置於句首時。常見的有
seldom,never,hardly,no not,little 等。
2 由專 only,not until 引導的狀語置於句屬首時。
3 no sooner…than, hardly…when等結構中,no sooner 和hardly 置於句首時
主語用部分倒裝。
4 在so/such…that 引導的結果狀語從句中,so/such引導的部分置於句首時主
句用倒裝。
5 「so/neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語」so與前面的肯定句呼應,nor
neither 與後面的否定句呼應。其中的動詞形式取決於前一句的動詞。表示前
者的情況也適用於後者或一者具備兩種情況。
6 省略if的虛擬條件句以had/were/should 開頭引起的倒裝。
全倒裝的情況:較常見的是here/there 等表示方向的詞放句首或介詞短語放句首