⑴ 初二英語語法重點是什麼
. 初二語法重點: 人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is
it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間: at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數詞和序數詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
11. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
初二下學期要接觸到得語法點:1.過去進行時;
2.using adjectives;
3.直接引語改間接引語;
4.using although and though;
5.object clauses with that after know, think, believe, etc.
6.if 的從句
⑵ 初二英語語法知識重點
http://www.zhaoshiti.com.cn
初中試題部分
http://www.zhaoshiti.com.cn/Soft/List.asp?cat_id=82&page=4
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我只摘錄一小部分,還有其他各科的你自己看有沒有你需要的吧.Good lucky!
⑶ 大蝦們 八年級英語的重點語法有哪些
1.一般過去時態.這一時態在七年級已經接觸過,八年級算復習吧.表示過去某一時間點或時間段發生的事情.謂語動詞分實義動詞和be動詞兩種.
(1)I studied Japenese for two years.
(2) I was a student one year ago,but now I am a teacher.
2.過去進行時態.結構:was/were +V-ing ,表示過去某一時間點或時間段正在進行的事情.
eg.I was sleeping when the phone rang.
3.一般將來時態.結構:will+V,表示將來某一時間將要發生的事情.
eg.I will go back home in three months.
4.現在完成進行時態.結構:have/has+been +Ving,表示某一行為從過去某一時間點開始,一直延續到現在,並有可能繼續進行下去.
eg.I have been teaching English in this scool for two years.
5.現在完成時態.結構:have/has +done(動詞過去分詞,需要記憶),表示一動作從過去開始,延續到現在,並且已經完成.強調這一事情對現在造成的影響.
eg.I have finished my homework.
基本上就這些了.你剛剛提到的過去式和現在進行時是七年級的語法點,八年級會予以鞏固並加大難度.
建議上課的時候注意聽老師講,重在理解,而後多背一些例句,並能進行應用.
英語是一個慢慢累積的過程,慢慢來.祝進步.
⑷ 初二上英語的語法歸類 求詳細
[人教版]新目標英語八年級上冊知識要點
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
重點語法:頻率副詞
詢問別人做某事的頻繁程度
提問用 How often 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞。
例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看電視。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜歡的節目是什麼?)
B: It's Animal World.(是《動物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多長時間看一次這個節目?)
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重點語法:詢問別人如何感覺
了解人體器官和部位的英文名稱
了解一些常見病的英文名稱
告訴別人應該怎樣做和不應該怎樣做
例句:A: What's the matter?(怎麼了?)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感覺不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什麼時候開始的?)
B: About two days ago.(大約兩天前開始的。)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
重點語法:用現在進行時態表示一般將來時態
強調某個動作已經計劃好即將按照計劃去執行
例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林輝,放假准備干什麼呢?)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅遊一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(這聽起來很有趣。)
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重點語法:詢問別人做某事的方式
用 How 引導特殊疑問句
其回答有多種方式,其中一種結構是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的結構。
詢問兩地的距離用 how far 引導特殊疑問句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的結構。
例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上學?)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地鐵去上學。)
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
重點語法:詢問並請求某人做某事
例句:A: Hey, Dave.(你好,戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看電影嗎?)
B: I'm sorry, I can't.(對不起,我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(這個周末我有太多作業要做。)
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
重點語法:在兩件或多件事物中進行比較
使用形容詞的比較級和最高級
例句:A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活潑開朗一些。)
B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一樣。)We are both quiet.(我們都很靜。)
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
重點語法:描述一個過程
服從別人的指令
詢問做某事的過程用 how 引導特殊疑問句
分步回答用 first(首先), next(接著), then(然後), finally(最後) 等時間副詞引導從句。
例句:A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉?)
B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三個香蕉、三個蘋果和一個西瓜。)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
重點語法:一般過去時態
結構:主語 + 謂語動詞的過去式 + 賓語
談論過去發生的事情用一般過去時態
do/does 的一般過去時態形式:did
例句:Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上個星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亞州。)The weather was beautiful.(那兒的天氣很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)
Unit 9 When was he born?
重點語法:一般過去時態
談論著名人物
例句:A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯?史密斯打嗝了多長時間?)
B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 個月。)
A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什麼時候開始打嗝的?)
B: He started in 1922.(他從 1922 年就開始打嗝了。)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.
重點語法:一般將來時態
do/does 的兩種一般將來時態形式:will do;be going to do
兩種形式的區別:will do 強調事情尚未計劃好而即將做
be going to do 強調事情已計劃好並將按照計劃來做
本單元重點強調 be going to do 的形式。
例句:A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准備幹些什麼?)
B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音樂課。)I really love music.(我很喜歡音樂。)
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
重點語法:委婉請求別人做某事
引導詞用 can, shall, will 等情態動詞的過去時態
例句:A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的電腦嗎?)
B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(對不起,我正在忙著用電腦。)
A: Well, could I watch TV?(那麼,我能看電視嗎?)
B: Yes, you can.(是,你可以看電視。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打掃完房間之後。)
Unit 12 What's the best radio station?
重點語法:在各事物間進行比較
用形容詞的原形、比較級和最高級
例句:A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好,我是記者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能問你一些問題嗎?)
B: Sure.(當然可以。)
希望能幫到你啊!
⑸ 初二上冊英語重點語法有哪些
不持之以恆,英語就學不會,這是因為英語是一門十分注重積累的學科。如果能接受這個觀點,那你就要持之以恆,否則學習無效………………我是一個高考的過來人。首先我想請閣下明白一個道理:英語很差不可怕,可怕的是你從一開始便接受自己是一個英語差生的「事實」!!!!!雖然我高考已經好多年了,而且今年即將大學畢業,踏入社會。但英語一直沒有丟,英語一直是我的排頭兵!我對英語的自信還有,我覺得學好英語不難,重要的是你要有恆心,急躁冒進,三天打漁兩天曬網都是不行的。在這里我就毛遂自薦一下我的學習方法吧: 首先先你要端正心態,不要急躁,不管別人考多少分,你做你自己的事,這樣才能靜下心來學習。要成為英語高手就必須比別人走更多的路,做更多的事。你應該明白一個事實,英語是單詞和語法的綜合,所以單詞和語法都要拿下。 其次,對於單詞,有如下幾種方法,第一個,是加強記憶的頻度,也就是說,早上記了幾個,隔幾個小時又看一次,總之一天之內,記憶的間隔不要太長,否則你辛苦積累的記憶會隨著時間的延長而淡化,第二個,是可以根據自己的理解編順口溜,比如good morning 是狗摸你…(見笑了)…,第三個,最重要的是,記單詞的時候,不要忘了閱讀,一邊記單詞,一邊看文章,這樣可以把孤立的單詞串聯起來,記憶的效果會加倍,第四個。我建議你記單詞要分門別類記憶,要形成一個意群,比如,重要性用magnitude magnificence ,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……這樣做在你寫作時,是十分有好處的,寫作時不要盡寫一些低級詞彙,你要寫高級詞彙,比如重要性寫magnitude,許多寫a multitude of 或者handsome。再次,是語法。學習語法,首先要明白什麼是主謂賓定狀補,什麼是系動詞,什麼是直接賓語,間接賓語,這些是學習語法的基礎,語法是房子,主謂賓定狀補等是沙石磚瓦 此外,對於完形填空以及閱讀理解,那就只能靠平時的練習了,在這個過程中,你要時時總結,縱深對比,千萬不要陷入題海戰術只做題,不總結的誤區當中。在做題的過程中,你把各種體型都總結了一遍,積累了豐富的經驗,而且你還提升了自己的閱讀速度,一舉兩得,所以做題是很重要的!其實,完形填空無非就是單項選擇加語境分析,也就是說,做完形填空你的語法要好,而且你要積累比較多的固定搭配,短語,特殊用法等,完形填空的語法還是很重要的!對於閱讀,我個人感覺是,純粹是個人經驗積累多少的問題,只有保證一定的練習量,你才能用質的提高!最後,我建議你,平時讀報,或者做題的時候,發現有好的句子好的詞彙,你要抄下來,長期下來,你的作文會有提高的,需要說明的是,這個提高過程可能很緩慢,但是最後能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保證在21-23這個級別,靠的就是對語法的熟練掌握和積累了許多較高級的詞彙,句型,句子。我個人的理解是,在你的語法達到基本不會出錯的程度上,作文便應該以詞彙取勝,因為在這個層次上,大家的語法都差不多,沒什麼變化,唯一有變化的就是你的詞彙!給你打個比方吧,很多想到「許多」就用many,但是你別忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到「專家」就寫expert,但很少人會想到specialist,很多人在想到「擅長」這詞,就寫be good at ,卻不知還有更高級的表達法:be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才,就體現在這些細微的差別
⑹ 初二英語重點語法
一、一般現在時
★ 一般現在時指經常性或習慣性的動作或狀態,常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every…等時間狀語連用。肯定句謂語動詞用動詞原形(單三+s), 否定句用don』t /doesn』t +動詞原形,疑問句用Do/Does…+動詞原形?
e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 湯姆每天都做家庭作業。
否定句:Tom doesn』t do his homework everyday. 湯姆每天都不做家庭作業。
疑問句:Does Tom do his homework everyday 湯姆每天都做家庭作業嗎?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn』t. 是的。(不,不做。)
二、現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法
1.表示說話時正在進行的動作
常和now 連用,有時用一個look、listen ,來表now 這一時間概念。
*Look! A train is coming .看,火車來了。
*Listen! He is playing the piano.聽,他在彈琴。
2.表示現階段正在進行的動作
但不一定是說話時正在進行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等時間狀語連用。
*What lesson are you studying this week?你們本周學哪一課了?(說話時並不在學)
3.現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作
即是說可以用來代替將來時,但此時,一般要與表示將來時的時間狀語連用,而且僅限於少量動詞。如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep
*Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津嗎?
*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你們有多少人下周要來參加晚會? 三、一般將來時
█一般將來時
1.be going to+ 動詞原形~
對於將要發生的事,或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情時,皆以be going to + 動詞原形的句型來表示。
因此此句型有be動詞,所以是否用am, is, are ,決定於主語。
1.肯定句:主語+be (is, am, are) going to +動詞原形
I am going to play football next Sunday.
下周日我打算踢足球。
◇He is going to travel around the world. 他計劃周遊世界。
◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他們打算在校門口見面。
◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
2.否定句:主語+be (am, are, is) not going to +動詞原形
We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我們不上課。
◇I』m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算當老師。
◇He isn』t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不準備去看他哥哥。
3.疑問句:Be (Am, Is, Are) +主語+ going to + 動詞原形
◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你長大了,打算當一名醫生嗎?
Yes, I am. 是的,我打算當。
No, I』m not. 不,我不打算當。
will 同be going to 的用法相同
以今天為起點的所有將來時間,如:
this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/
tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening ,
the day after tomorrow / next week ,
next Wednesday / next month,
next September / next year.
★ 「be going to + 動詞原形」 表示計劃、打算、將來發生的動作,常和this afternoon (今天下午),this evening = tonight (今晚),tomorrow (明天),tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) (明早,午,晚),the day after tomorrow(後天),next Sunday (下個星期天), next week (下周), next month (下個月), next year (明年)等的時間狀語連用,前不加任何介詞。另外,動作性動詞go ,come 和leave 等的現在進行時表示一般將來時動作。
謝謝採納哦~!
⑺ 跪求初二上學期英語重點語法
八種時態的具體用法: 一般現在時 表示現階段經常或習慣發生的動作或存在的狀態,或說明主語的特徵。 ① 一般現在時句子中常有的時間狀語:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經常在晚上商談生意) ② 表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現在的狀態時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) ③ 表示十分確定會發生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點開車) ④ 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好獃在家) ⑤ 一般現在時用於倒裝句中可以表示正在發生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如:Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。 ⑥ 一般現在時常用於體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現在時而不用現在進行時表達,常見動詞有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發生的動作或狀態,這種動作或狀態可能是一次性,也可能經常 發生。 ① 表示過去具體時刻發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六點鍾起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發現一個陌生人正和他父親談話) ② 表示過去一段時間內不知何時發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市) ③ 表示過去一個階段中經常發生的事情時,時間狀語有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④ 講故事、對過去經歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經常省略時間狀語。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經常發生的動作或狀態。 ①一般將來時的時間狀語有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引導的從句等。 ② 用will構成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀願望無關。「shall」用於第一人稱,「will」 用於所有人稱。如:I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之後你就要一個人過了) ③ 「am/is/are going to+動詞原形」表示打算或准備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發生的事情,而「am/is/are to +動詞原形」表示安排或計劃中的動作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ It』s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④ 表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學葯劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些葯品,請等我回頭) ⑤ 現在進行時、一般現在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態) ⑥ shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當於情態動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎?) ⑦ 「be to +動詞原形」表示按照計劃將要發生的事情。如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy. (4)現在進行時 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作或是現階段正發生而此刻不一定在進行的動作。 ① 現在進行時由「助動詞be (am is are ) +現在分詞」構成。 ② 現在進行時的時間狀語有: now, this …, these…等,但經常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什麼?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) ③ 表示即將發生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I』m coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什麼?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時候就忘得一干二凈) (5)過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。 ① 過去進行時由「was(第一、三人稱單數)或were(第二人稱單數和各人稱的復數)+現在分詞」構成。 ② 過去進行時的時間狀語有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具) ③ 用於賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林裡走時唱了很多歌) ④ 也可以表示過去一個階段頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時老向我借錢) (6)現在完成時 現在完成時表示一個發生在過去的、對現在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,並且一直延續到現在,甚至還可能延續下去的動作。 ①在完成時由「助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞」構成。 ②表示發生在過去的對現在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛去英國) ③表示在過去開始一直延續到現在(可能延續下去)的動作或狀態時,時間狀語有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作) ④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書) ⑤have been to與have gone to的區別:have gone to(「已經去了」)表示人不在這里,have been to(「去過」)表示人在這里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪裡?他去了英國。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎?是的,我去過那裡三次。) ⑥在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續性動詞或狀態動詞。具體變化見下表: 瞬間性動詞的完成時 → 延續性動詞或狀態動詞的完成時 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面這個句型:It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主語(人)+謂語(過去時)+……+過去時間狀語 [注意] 在其它的時態中也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是:瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如:How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow) (7) 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發生之前已經完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。 ①過去完成時由「助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞」構成。 ②過去完成時時間狀語有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for… 或since…構成的時間狀語。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經走掉了) ③過去完成時常用於賓語從句中、after引導的從句中,或者從句是before引導的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠) (8) 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預計將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。 ①過去將來時由「助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形」構成。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用「would +動詞原形」。 ②過去將來時常由於賓語從句中,時間狀語有:later, soon, the next (day). ③在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應該使用一般過去時。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應付給我許多錢如果我幫助他搞那個項目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書) ④表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/were going to (+動詞原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步) ⑤過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經常性的動作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘) (9)現在完成進行時:現在完成進行時指一個從過去就開始一直延續到現在並由可能繼續下去的動作,它具有現在完成時和現在進行時雙重特徵,結構是:「have/has + been +動詞的現在分詞」。如:I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經在冰冷的水裡遊了將近兩個小時)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久?)
⑻ 初二上冊英語重點語法有哪些
對於這個問題,如果想學好英語,語法是非常重要的,每個章節中都有grammar這個版部分,這個部分就是你權所要問的語法,那麼具體的語法知識點,可以參照書後面的語法講解進行,如果經濟允許的情況下,買些相關的輔導教材。雖然不同版本的教材內容不同,但是英語的語法基本一致。所以要想學好英語,語法肯定少不了。
祝好運!
⑼ 初二人教版英語重點語法
常見動詞不定式片語、句型用法總結
.固定用法(非謂語動詞):以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can』t wait to do
★准備做某事get/be ready to do ★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth
★ 計劃做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★輪流做某事take one』s turns to do sth. ★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.
★告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★請某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做
★幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It』s one』s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It』s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時候了 例:It』s time for me to go home.
★It』s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對於某人來說做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時間
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發現/認為/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序數詞+to do 第…..個做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘記了怎麼辦。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★離開房間時不要忘記/記住關燈
例句:Don』t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
順口溜:本領最多不定式,主表定補賓和狀;樣樣成分都能幹,只有謂語它不敢;大家千萬要小心,有時它把句型改;作主語時用it,自己在後把身藏;七個感官三使役,賓補要把to甩開;疑問詞後接上它,賓語從句可充當;邏輯主語不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各種用法區別開。
以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法
★ let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事
★why not/why don』t you +動原?為什麼不.?Why not/Why don』t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情態動詞can/may /must /should+ 動詞原(包括情態動詞的否定形式+動詞原形)
★ 助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構成疑問句或者構成否定句即don』t /doesn』t /didn』t /will not /would not+ 動詞原形
★ be going to + 動詞原形(表示「即將」「打算」 做某事)
使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事;
2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事; 3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事;
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來的事) 5.forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來的事);7.remember doing sth 記得做過某事
8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事; 9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做
10. try doing sth 試圖做某事; 11. need doing sth 需要做某事;
12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事; 13.mind doing sth 介意做某事;
14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事; 15.practice doing sth 練習做某事;
16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事;17.can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事;
18.waste time/money doing 浪費時間/錢做; 19.keep sb.doing 讓…始終/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜歡做B更喜歡做A
22. 「do some +doing」短語 如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23.「go doing」短語去做某事(主要指文娛活動等)如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵)
.注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom
⑽ 初二英語幾個重點語法
一. 知識點總結:
(一)
一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:It is going to rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法:
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(1)will+主語+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結構的一般疑問句:Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成:will + not (won』t)+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根據例句,用will改寫下列各句
例:I don』t feel well today. (be better tomorrow)
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. (leave a little later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
(二)should的用法:
should用來提出建議和忠告,後邊加動詞原形,否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如:I think you should eat less junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她經常開車,很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much time playing computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:
(1)I think you should…
(2)Well, you could…
(3)Maybe you should …
(4)Why don』t you…?
(5)What about doing sth.?
(6)You』d better do sth.
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should
(三)
過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ______ ______(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into the classroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower when you _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
(四)
間接引語
形成步驟:
(1)不要逗號,冒號,引號
(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)
(3)要考慮時態的變化
(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時,幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個通宵。
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you』ll like English
二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
(一)題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生藉助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發,在正確理解短文意思的基礎上,根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等,用適當的詞或詞語填空,使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文後,在理解短文意思的基礎上,運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當,字數在150-200個單詞之內,多數設置10個左右空格,所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或後面的方框內,有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)「have a day off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course, you can. 」replied (答復)the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
(B)
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代溝)has become a serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after quarrels (爭吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don』t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the office. _______(5)they don』t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don』t have the same topics(話題)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______(8)your parents. They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each other.
完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上,再結合所給備選項細讀全文,聯繫上、下文內容,注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結構入手,根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮,對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續往下做,最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文,隨著對短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認真復查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章,語法結構是否正確,是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的,應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句,善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結合所學過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當的成分,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據詞語搭配和語法規則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗,可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章,語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
(三)課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
(1)理解主旨要義
(2)理解文中具體信息
(3)根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
(4)做出簡單判斷的推理
(5)理解文章的基本結構
(6)理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
(1)擴大視距
(2)克服聲讀
(3)克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
(1)通過標題或主題句進行預測
(2)文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測,以便正確理解。
(3)通過語篇標記進行預測
(4)語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
(5)利用背景知識預測
(6)利用圖片進行預測