① 高中英語人教版必修四第四單元Reading的相關語法
Book 4 Mole 4
1. bring up
2. as a result of…
3. be known for
4. earn/make one』s/a living
5. come to power
6. make a breakthrough=break through
7. a quantity of…+單數謂語,
quantities of…+復數謂語
8. a physical change,
9. physical labour, physical disability
10. escape punishment=escape being punished
11. escape from
12. the key to (doing) sth
13. rise/increase by…
14. rise/increase to…
15. do…by accident
16. throw… into…
17. jump out of…
18. a leading figure
19. as a child
20. from an early age
21. experiment with…
22. export…to…
23. send astronauts into space
24. be at war with…
25. shoot arrows
26. attach…to…,be attached to…,
27. in…direction
28. introce… to…
29. keep…doing
30. be used for…
31. graate from…
32. in the area/field of
33. award…Noble Prize for physics
34. in/ring the 1990s/1990』s
35. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
36. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to proce it more quickly.
37. He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant.
38. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.
39. As a result of Yuan Longping』s discoveries Chinese rice proction rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990s.
40. 50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
41. In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.
42. Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space.
43. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions ring festivals.
44. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
45. The tubes were attached to a long stick which help keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
46. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.
47. Not everyone wanted to use rockets in battles.
48. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world』s first astronaut?
Book 4 Mole 4
1. 撫養養育，嘔吐提出問題，抬高
2. 由於的結果
3. 因為而著名
4. 謀生
5. 掌權
6. 突破
7. 大量的
8. 一個物理變化
9. 體力勞動，身體殘疾
10. 逃脫懲罰
11. 從中逃脫
12. 做的關鍵
13. 增加了
14. 增加到
15. 偶然做某事
16. 把仍入
17. 從中跳出
18. 一個領銜人物
19. 當他是一個孩子時
20. 養育
21. 從很小時起
22. 用……做實驗
23. 出口……到……
24. 把飛行員送入太空
25. 與….處於交戰狀態
26. 射箭
27. 系…到…上,被繫到…上,
28. 朝…方向
29. 把…引入,引進到…
30. 被用做…
31. 從畢業
32. 在領域
33. 授予諾貝爾物理獎
34. 在20世紀90年代
35. 在水稻種植界, 中國科學家袁隆平堪稱為是一個領軍人物 / 傑出人物。
36. 他認為, 解決人們吃飯問題的關鍵在於擁有更多的稻米, 並且能更快地生產出來。
37. 他認為只有一種方法可以做到這一點—對不同種類的水稻進行雜交。
38. 全國各地的研究人員被召集到一起, 共同研究這項新體系。
39. 由於袁隆平的發現，中國的水稻產量在20世紀90年代增長了47.5%。
40. 五萬平方千米的稻田轉而種起了蔬菜及其它經濟作物。
41. 在巴基斯坦, 水稻是繼小麥之後的第二大作物, 而且將在這個國家的許多地區種植。
42. 當今, 火箭是非常先進的器械, 我們可以用來向太空派送宇航員。
43. 中國人發明了一種火葯, 它可以在節日期間被裝進竹筒扔進火里發出(噼里啪啦的)爆炸聲。
44. 中國人發現, 從竹筒里跑出來的空氣可以把它推向空中。
45. 竹筒被系在一根長棍子上, 它利於保持火箭直向飛行。
46. 一位義大利科學家甚至發明了一種能夠在水面上飛行並擊中敵艦的火箭。
47. 但是並非每個人都想在戰爭中運用火箭。
48. 萬胡在爆炸中死掉了? 還是被帶往空中幾英里的地方, 成為世界上第一位宇航員?
② 高中英語必修3UNIT4 語法
主語從句
一、 名詞性從句概述：
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
名詞性從句的連詞
連接詞：that，if/whether(是否)，
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
連接副詞：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
二、主語從句的連詞分三類
（1）從屬連詞引導的主語從句 （that whether if）
that引導的主語從句:引導詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省。That 引導主語從句通常用it 作形式主語。
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
whether 引導的主語從句: whether有含義(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引導主語從句，不能用if不能在開頭，只能用whether。
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
Whether she is coming or not doesn』t matter too much.
（2） 用連接代詞引導的主語從句
在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔當一定成分.
例如：What you need is more practice.
What I want to know is this.
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
註：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導主語從句，並在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。
whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導的讓步狀語從句的區別。
如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主語從句）
（ ＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （讓步狀語從句）
（ ＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）
（3）用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。)
例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.
When they will come hasn』t been made pubic.
三、it 作形式主語的主語從句
有時為了考慮句子平衡，通常在主語從句處使用形式主語it，而將真正的主語從句移至句末。這分四種情況：
(1) 對於以連詞that引導的主語從句，通常用形式主語it替代主語從句：
<a> It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that… 事實是……
It is good news that … ……是好消息
It is a question that … ……是個問題
It is common knowledge that … ……是常識
類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
It』s a pity that you missed the film.
<b> It is +形容詞+從句
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that … 很清楚……
It is likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It』s clear that they badly need help.
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為「（should）＋動詞原形」，即要用虛擬語氣。
<c> It is +過去分詞+從句
It is said that … 據說……
It is reported that … 據報道……
It has been proved that … 已證明……
It must be proved that… 必須指出……
類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
It is used to be thought that a new star must be e to a collision between two stars.
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
<d> It seems不及物動詞 （happened / appears / doesn』t』t matter / makes no difference / occurred …）that …主語從句不可提前
It seems that they will win the game.
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
It does not matter if I missed my train.
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
(2) 對於以連接代詞(副詞)引導的主語從句，可以使用形式主語代主語從句，也可直接在句首使用主語從句：
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。
It was a problem whether they would support us.
他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。
It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.
它對我們是利是害，還得看看再說。
(3) 對關系代詞型what引導的主語從句，通常直接將主語從句放在句首。如：
What we need is money. 我們需要的是錢。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點。
有時也可將助用形式主語。如：
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什麼意思很清楚。
(4) 如果句子是疑問句，則必須用帶形式主語it的結構：
Is it true that he is the girl』s father? 他是那女孩的父親，是真的嗎？
How is it that you are late again? 你怎麼又遲到了？
四、連詞that的省略問題
引導主語從句的連詞that 有時可省，有時不能省，其原則是：若that引導的主語從句直接位於句首，則that不能省略；若that引導的主語從句位於句末，而在句首使用了形式主語it，則that可以省略：
That you didn』t go to the talk was a pity. 很遺憾你沒去聽報告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn』t go to the talk. 很遺憾你沒去聽報告。(that可省)
③ 職高英語語法書
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