❶ 談談如何開展英語語法教學
在小學英語課堂教學中，語法教學是一個不容忽視的現象，如何講解語法知識開展語法教學，使枯燥乏味的語法變得易懂有趣是高年級英語課堂教學中急需解決的一個問題。文章從形象、趣味、分層、靈活四個角度對語法教學進行闡述。
在小學英語課堂教學中，如何解釋語法現象，如何講解語法知識，如何開展語法教學，使枯燥乏味的語法變得易懂，有趣？
一、藉助媒體，創設情境，形象學語法
在英語語法教學中時態是一個很重要的語法項目，但是學生難以掌握，尤其在交際的時候容易出錯。如果僅用孤立的句子去理解和說明這一語法現象，或者讓學生去死記，他們會感到學習語法很枯燥，太抽象。我們可運用多媒體，通過場景的快速切換，有效地調動和控制學生的注意力，先幫助他們形成直觀的表象，再設計一些有一定信息溝的會話練習，喚起學生的求知慾。例如，在教be動詞的一般過去時態時。
1、鋪墊。媒體出示一卧室，內有一張床和一張課桌，床上有兩件毛衣，床下有一雙鞋，桌上有一隻手機和一些鮮花，牆上掛著一隻風箏。
T:Where』s the mobile
phone?
S1:It』s on the
desk.
T:Where』re the
shoes?
S2:They』re under the
bed.
媒體出示下列句型：
It is on the
desk.
They are under the
bed.
2、導入。隱藏上圖中的手機和鞋，媒體出現兩幅圖，讓學生進行對照。
T:Where』s the mobile
phone now? Is it on the desk?
Ss:No.
T:But it was there
just now.
T:Where are the shoes
now? Are they under the bed?
Ss:No.
T:But they were there
a moment ago.
媒體出示下列句型：
It was there just
now.
They were there a
moment ago.
由學生已知的一般現在時作鋪墊，引出be動詞的一般過去時，兩種時態對比使用，教師作適當解釋。
3、操練。隱藏毛衣和風箏，兩圖對照，讓學生分小組模仿操練。
4、總結。
一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或存在的狀態，其謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式。在漢語中不存在這樣的現象，這是中英文的區別之一。還要向學生講清is, are的過去式分別是 was和 were。
5、運用。分組自由創設情景，活用以上所學知識，用英語進行交流。
這樣，藉助媒體，通過對話感知，模仿訓練，歸納語法現象，活用知識進行實踐等一系列活動，有效地幫助學生掌握了be動詞一般過去時的用法。
二、歸納總結，提高效率，趣味學語法
詞法是指詞形的變化規則及用法。小學階段講到了名詞﹑動詞﹑形容詞﹑副詞﹑代詞﹑介詞﹑數詞﹑冠詞和連詞等的用法。數詞分為基數詞和序數詞，序數詞的構成與基數詞有一定的關系，但構成方法又不盡相同，如果要讓學生去死記硬背那麼多的序數詞，學生會感到厭煩。為了調動學生學習的積極性，也為了使這一語法項目簡單化，我為學生總結了這樣一則順口溜：「一，二，三特殊記，四以上加th, 八減t, 九去e, f來把ve替，ty須變tie.若是碰到幾十幾，改變個位就可以。」 本來很難掌握的內容，通過這么一則富有節奏感，朗朗上口的順口溜，學生很快便學會了1—100序數詞的構成，可以說是事半功倍。又如在教「是」動詞am,is,are在人稱代詞中的用法時，也可以這樣總結：「我用am, 你用are, is用在他，她，它，凡是復數都用are.」這樣處理簡單易懂，較好地激發了學生的積極性，就連平時學習能力較差，不肯開口說英語的同學，也都說得津津有味，很輕松地理解並掌握了這一重要的語法項目。再如
「物主代詞」。學生容易混淆形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，不懂分辨。我教學生這樣記：「名詞性物主代詞比別人多點東西，所以單詞比較長，派頭比較大，不允許『東西』跟著它。」又如：在一般現在時結構中，主語是第三人稱單數時，動詞要用第三人稱單數形式，但很多學生不易記住，我們可以教學生這樣記：「第三人稱單數，勢單力薄，需要一個幫手，你就在動詞上給它加上絲絲（s或es）力吧！」現在進行時中動詞的正確運用一直是個老大難問題，學生用了動詞的現在分詞形式，會缺少be動詞；或有了be動詞，動詞只用原形，少了ing。我們可幫學生這樣形象記憶：「主人正要干大事，要找比比（be動詞）當保鏢，保鏢出門不簡單，後面帶著英英（ing）跟屁蟲」。用這種趣味的學習方法不僅幫助學生掌握了語法知識，而且培養了學生的創新能力，有的學生還學會了自己編順口溜，歸納總結語言規律。
三、設置梯度，正確引導，分層學語法
語法教學要注意梯度，正確引導學生一步一步解開謎團。不能要求學生一下子就得到答案。我們要強調的是學習的過程，讓學生在解決問題和完成任務的過程中，通過與他人對話、交流、討論來達成理解，形成共識，構建自己的知識。我們經常可以採取以下方式設置梯度：
1、教師舉例，師生一起完成例句。
2、學生仔細觀察，討論,分析，比較例句，初步歸納出語法規則，教師適時點撥，解答學生疑問。
3、教師對學生歸納的語法規則給予客觀的評價和補充。
4、學生進行操練，教師提供多種形式的題型，如選擇；填空；筆譯和文章理解等，以檢查學生的掌握情況。
四、系統歸納，適當集中，靈活學語法
❷ 求英語教案:Advertising
Lesson 17 Dialogue
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss listening ability and let the Ss know how to express one』 opinion
2. Language points:
Express one』s satisfaction with, for one thing , for another thing , bring in, if any
Procere:
Step 1. Presentation
1. Where can you find advertisements?
2. Why do companies advertise?
3. Do you watch advertisements on TV?
4. Which are your favourite advertisements?
Step 2. Reading
Read the dialogue silently and find out the answer to the question:
Whose ideas for advertising programme are the best? (Bob』s)
Step 3 . Listening
Choose the correct answers: (3A Unit 5 --- Lesson 17) BCABD
1. How many people are having a discussion about a future advertising programme?
A. three B. four C. five D. two
2. what company will they proce an advertisement for?
A. IBM B. Great Wall C. Legend D. HP
3. Bob says he can』t agree with _____.
A. 「D」 B. 「C」 C. 「A」 D. 「D」 and 「 C」
4. Who do they ask about this machine?
A. sellers B. users C. Bob D. the company
5. How can they get to know who are using these computers?
A. ask the users B. ask the passers-by C. go out and search D. ask the company
Step 4. Dialogue
After listening to the tape, answer the questions .
1. What are they doing?
They are discussing a future advertising programme.
2. What kind of advertisement do they plan to do?
They plan to proce an advertisement for this famous computer which is supplied by …
3. What』s Bob』s opinion/ idea?
To collect comments from secretaries and typists…
4. Why does he think it would be a good idea to do that?
They can express their satisfaction with the proct.
5. But does C agree with him (Bob)? No.
6. What』s D』s opinion? Does D agree with B? Yes.
We should have a picture of the computer and five a description of the proct.
7. But does Bob agree with him (D)? Why?
Because it is not a good way of persuading people to buy it.
8. How does Bob suggest procing the advertisement ?
Photograph them using it.
Put their comments at the top of the advertisement in big print.
Bring in some humour .
9. Do you think D is very satisfied with B』s idea? Why ?
Because he thinks it takes a long time to carry out interviews .
10. Does A agree with B or D? How do you know?
A agrees with B.
He』ll ask the company for a list of recent customers.
Step 4. Language points
1. Any ideas?
Have you got any ideas?
2. express one』s satisfaction with sth. 對。。。表示滿意
3. be satisfied with 對。。。表示滿意
express oneself 表達自己
老師對實驗的結果表示滿意。
The teacher expressed his satisfaction with the result for(of ) the experiment.
他們對大會的各項准備工作表示滿意。
They expressed their satisfaction with the preparations for the conference.
老師對我對她的回答感到滿意。
The teacher expressed her satisfaction at my answer to her question.
4. For one thing , for another thing.
Make up sentences,…..
I went to Beijing, for one thing I had never been there, for another thing it is really a beautiful place.
Is
I don』t want to go to America, for one thing , I have no money, for another thing, I have no time.
5. bring in 引進， 帶來， 插進
In old China , a lot of words were brought in from some foreign countries. (oil, umbrella, cloth…)
He intends to bring in some reform.
They bring in a new fashion.（
Step 5. Workbook
Homework
Prepare the text
Unit 5 Lesson 18 Advertising
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss』 reading ability and let the Ss have a good understanding of the text.
2. Grasp the following expressions
Hand in hand, be popular with, again and again, would say, think up
Also present will be…… try…out…
Procere
Step 1. Warming-up
1. Where can you find the advertisements ?
2. Do you think they will spend a lot of money on ad?
3. Why do they spend a lot of money on ad? Do you think it is necessary ? Does it make the procts cheaper or expensive?
4. Then what』s the advantage of advertising?
Step 2. Fast reading
Read the text quickly and find the answers to the two questions:
1. It makes a proct cheaper.
2. Five people.
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Read the first paragraph and tell the main idea of the paragraph.
Why is advertising so popular?
Advertising increases procts sales. Therefore advertising makes a proct cheaper instead of more expensive.
2. Read the second paragraph and tell the main idea.
What can you advertise? And how can you advertise?
(1) We can advertise procts, services, political leaders in the western countries……
(2) By using radio , TV , cinema, magazines, newspapers, large boards, signs, mail or gifts, balloons…...
3. Read the third paragraph and find the main idea.
Why is now advertising now a scientific usiness?
All parts of an advertising programme are properly measured and researched.
4. Read the fourth paragraph and tell the main idea.
How are advertisements made?
A company goes to an advertising firm to discuss the advertising of its proct.
The firm collects as much information as possible about the proct and the customers who might buy it.
The person who are in charge of the matter holds a meeting.
A person will think up an idea for an advertisement.
A person will buy space in newspapers or time on TV.
A person will write the text for the advertisement.
A person will design the advertisement, using pictures or photographs and the text.
5. Read the last paragraph and find the main idea.
What do they do when the ad is ready?
A. It is shown to the company.
B. If the company agrees, they may try it out in ……
C. If they do, then it will be used throughout the country.
D. If the advertising fails , the whole programme will be reviewed.
Step 4. Careful reading
Read it carefully and do the comprehension exercises
Reading comprehension ( 3A Lesson 18) DBBCA BDBAD
1. The author thinks that advertisements ___.
A. are welcomed by everybody
B. can increase the cost of procts
C. can increase proct sales immediately
D. can win more customers for a company
2. In paragraph 1, which word shows that the writer thinks that advertising is common?
A. developed B. popular C. proved D. increase
3. According to the text, advertisements may be used in ___.
A. everything B. election
C. scientific research D. procing gods
4. How many means of advertising are mentioned in the text?
A. Seven B. Nine C. Eleven D. Thirteen
5. Which paragraph talks about the purpose of advertising?
A. Para 1 B. Para 2 C. Para 3 D. Para 4 and 5
6. When an advertising company makes advertisements , which happens first?
A. Have a meeting. B. Collect information.
C. Write a letter. D. Design the advertisements.
7. What does 「interview」 mean in the last paragraph?
A. see B. select C. visit D. ask questions
8. The following could be an advertisement except __.
A. mail B. news
C. a sign outside a shop D. procts free of charge
9. The purpose that a company tries its advertisement in a small part of the country first is not ___.
A. to save money B. to see whether the advertisement is perfect C. to see whether people like it d. to see whether the advertisement is effective
10. In the text, the writer does not tell us ___.
A. advertisements can be used in tourism
B. balloons can be used to advertise
C. advertising may make a proct cheaper
D. advertisement in Europe is more common than that in Asia
Step 5. Language points
1. a highly developed twentieth-century instry
a curiously shaped piece of wood
a widely used language
2. hand in hand
shoulder to shoulder
face to face
side by side
3. popular
be popular with sb.
a popular song
The popular song is popular with the young people.
4. again and again
over and over
over and over again
5. instead of
He will stay in school instead of going home.
6. Once managers would say jokingly…表示過去習慣性
Used to say…
7． measure
make .. to one』s measure
to one』s taste
8. Also present will be a person who thinks up ……
A person who thinks up … will also be present…
With him was a man of no more than forty.
9. think up
think of
think about
think it over
She thought up a fumy game for children to play.
The prisoners tried to think up a plan for escape.
11. try it out
12. Isn』t it time you made someone』s life a bit easier?
It is time sb. did sth.
It is time we went to bed.
It is time we started our work.
It is time you gave a reply to us.
Is it time you got everything ready?
Step 6. Discussion
1. Do you think it necessary to spend so much money in advertising a proct? Give your reasons.
2. What』s the advantage / disadvantage of making an ad?
3. We can make an ad. in various ways as the text have mentioned, are these the only ways of making advertisements?
4. We proce various kinds of glasses in our company. Please make an advertisement for us.
Homework
Unit 5 Lesson 19 Advertising (2)
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss』 reading ability , and let them have a good understanding of the text
2. Language points:
Make , when translated, attract one』s attention, point out to sb.
3. Retell the story
Procere:
Step 1. Revision
Ask the Ss to tell about 5 advertisements which they have seem recently
Step 2. Fast reading
Read the text quickly and find out the answer to the question:
What is one danger with selling your proct abroad?
You must make sure that the translation is correct.
Step 3. Careful reading
Questions:
1. Why do people read advertisements?
For information
Because they are interesting
2. What mistake was made in the translation of the ad for hair cream?
---- when translated it meant 「 X puts living things into dry hair」
3. What mistake was made in the car ad?
---- The British name of the car meant 「 animal waste」 in German.
Comprehension (3A Unit 5 Lesson 19) DCCBC
1. People read advertisements for ___.
A. information B. fun
C. killing time D. both A and B
2. Why do most advertisements begin with a question?
A. Because nobody knows the answer.
B. Because a question can make an advertisement funny.
C. Because readers will be interested in finding the answer.
D. Because a question will win more customers for a company.
3. What is very important in an advertisement?
A. A question B. Information
C. Humor D. A story.
4. What is one danger of a series of advertisements?
A. Readers will be tired of reading too many texts.
B. Readers will forget the mane of the proct.
C. Readers will lose patience.
D. Readers will remember the advertisement.
5. What may turn a good advertisement into a bad one?
A. A question. B. A story.
C. Bad translation. D. High price of the proct
Step 4. Language points:
1. What makes a good advertisement? 怎樣才能使廣告做的好呢？
Vt. （有條件）成為
What makes an advertisement a good one?
戴維將成為一個很好的足球隊員。
David will make a very good football player.
怎樣才算是好的翻譯呢？
What makes a good translation?
2. attract one』s attention 引起某人的注意
3. when translated
when it is translated
When + 過去分詞， 相當於一個時間狀語從句
你們的練習做完後就得馬上交上來。
Your exercises must be handed in immediately when finished.
我對他說話時他總是不理不睬。
He always didn』t make an answer / made no answer when spoken to .
4. point out
point at
point to
Step 5. Past participle
Tell what is the function of each participle in the following sentences:
1. This is one of the factories built in the 1980s.---Attributive
2. You can take the new freeway opened last year.---Attributive
3. The street are lined with trees.---Predicative
4. The article is very well typed.---Predicative
5. He is going to have his hair cut. ---Object complement
6. We had the idea tried out.---Object complement
7. Seen from the hill , the park looks beautiful.---Adverbial
8. Disturbed by the noise, we had to finished the meeting earlier.---Adverbial
Step 6. Practice 2.3.4.5.
Step 7. workbook
Homework
❸ 求好心人教學一下英語語法，比如present simple，continuous，past simple，present perfect，etc
一般現在時：主語+動詞
現在進行時：主語+be動詞+現在分詞
一般過去時：主語+動詞過去式
現在完成時：主語+have\has+過去分詞
❹ 請教有關高中英語動名詞，現在分詞，教學設計
重點是要他們區分英語動名詞，現在分詞的各自用法。