1. 初一英語語法大全知識點
初一的語法知識還是比較簡單的。
主要掌握幾種時態
1,一般現在時
2,一般過去時
3,一般將來時
4,現在進行時
還有幾種詞
1,名詞
2,代詞
3,形容詞
4,動詞
5,冠詞
2. 七年級上冊英語語法歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類:英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一.短語:
1 .be from = come from 來自於----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式:
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家,人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first.
11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修
飾,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項:
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到達某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be interested in sth 對某事感興趣 be busy doing/with sth 忙於做某事 be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴格 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 decide to do sth 決定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事 find sb do/doing sth 發現某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 給某人某物 give sth to sb 給某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 幫助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事 help sb sth=help sth to sb it』s time for sth 該做某事了 it』s time for sb to do sth 該某人做某事了
it』s time to do sth 該做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜歡做某事
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事
pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人 pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
practice doing sth 練習做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
show sb sth 給某人看某物 show sth to sb 給某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花費…做某事 spend…on sth 花費…在某物上
start doing sth 開始做某事 start to do sth 開始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下來再做某事
talk about sth 談論某事 talk to/with sb 與某人交談
tell sb about sth 告訴某人關於某事 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
3. 七年級英語語法
一般就是名次的單復數,名詞的格,冠詞等,1. 形容詞的用法;
2. 副詞的用法;3. 形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法;4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區別和位置。我覺得最重要的是動詞了
你可以根據書後的單詞和附錄來看
暑假時我做初三學生的家教,找了動詞方面的語法,其實你可以綜合的講
下面是我暑假用的一些
初中英語語法總結
( 動詞的時態)
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is
time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you
went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you
came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在
。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing:對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next
month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have(has) +過去分詞。
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past
six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several
times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。 那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D.
"把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C.
割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
4. 七年級英語上冊重點語法及試題
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
2.祈使句:
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
3. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
4.一般現在時:通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
5.現在進行時:形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
6.
重點的句型:
1.How many + 復數名詞 + are there ...?
此句型是一個特殊疑問句,意思是\"在......有多少......?\"多用來對可數名詞的數量提問。How many 後面要接可數名詞的復數形式。如:
How many apples are there on the table? 桌子上有多少個蘋果?
2.. What about ...?
此句型意思是\"......怎麼樣?\"、\"......呢?\",通常用來詢問情況或徵求意見、看法等。其中的about是介詞,後面可接名詞、代詞或動詞等。如:
What about that computer? 那台電腦怎麼樣?
My gloves are red. What about theirs? 我的手套是紅色的,他們的呢?
What about playing games after school? 放學後做游戲怎麼樣?
3. What time is it?/What\'s the time?
英語中,常用這兩個句型來詢問現在的時間,意思是\"什麼時間了?\"或\"幾點了?\"其答語一般用\"It\'s + 時間.\"其中的it指代時間,翻譯時可不譯,常在句尾加上please,以表示委婉的語氣。如:
What time is it, please? 請問現在幾點了?
-It's about a quarter past ten. 大約十點十五分。
4. What colour + be + 主語?
詢問某物的顏色,一般用以What colour 開頭的特殊疑問句,其答語通常用\"It\'s/They\'re + 表示顏色的形容詞\"。如:
-What colour is her blouse? 她的襯衫是什麼顏色的?
-It's light blue. 是淺藍色的。
5.Whose + 名詞 + be + 其它?/Whose + be + 名詞?
英語中常用這兩個句型來詢問某事物屬誰所有。如:
Whose cup is that? 那是誰的杯子?
Whose are these photos? 這些照片是誰的?
6. It's time for + sth. /It's time to do sth. / It's time for sb. to do sth.
這個結構意思都是\"該做某事了\",\"到做某事的時候了\"。如:
It's time for school. 到上學的時候了。
It\'s time to have supper. 該吃晚飯了。
7. 選擇疑問句:選擇疑問句是用or連接詢問的兩部分,以供選擇,答案必須是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答
一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能,問對方選擇哪一種.其結構可用一般疑問句,也可用特殊疑問句.供選擇的兩部分用or連接,前者讀升調,後者讀降調.
e.g. Will you go there by bus or by train?
What would you like, coffee or tea?
How many pens do you have, one or two?
選擇疑問句的答語必須是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no.
e.g. Do you go to school by bus or by bike?
By bus.
Which would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.
一般疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Is it right or wrong?
Were you or he there?
Are they reading, chatting or watching TV?
特殊疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Which do you like better, coffee or milk?
What color is it, red, blue or yellow?
Where are you going, to the classroom or to the library?
or not構成的選擇疑問句
e.g. Do you want to buy it or not?
Are you ready or not
8.另外,「to be + going + 動詞不定式」這個特殊的結構可表示在未來即將要進行的動作。
例:He is going to tell me tomorrow - 他將在明天告訴我。
練習題:
There are ____ water in the bottle.(B)瓶子里有一點水
There are ____ water in the bottle.(A)瓶子里沒水了
There are ____ students in the classroom.(D)教室里有幾個學生
There are ____ students in the classroom(C)教室里沒有學生
There are ____ apples on the trees.(D)有幾個蘋果長在樹上
選項統一為
A、little B、a little C、few D、a few
3. Of course,every one of us_1__to make friends like food---they are useful to us,and they can help us when we are _2__need._3__you can make as many friends of this kind as possible.
(1) A.want B.will want C.wants
(2) A.in B.on C.for D.of
(3) A.And B.But C.So D.Because
答案:CAC
4.Twenty minutes later,John_1__a tree.His leg was broken,and it hurt _2__.
Mr smith _3__to mend the chair.then he_4__himself with a hammer.
(1) A.fell over B.fell from C.fell down D.fell on
(2) A.all the day B.all day C.whole day D.all days
(3) A.starts B.started C.was starting
(4) A.damaged B.knocked C.hit D.cut
答案:BABC
5. 七年級英語上冊重點語法
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
2.祈使句:
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
3. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
4.一般現在時:通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
5.現在進行時:形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
6.
重點的句型:
1.How many + 復數名詞 + are there ...?
此句型是一個特殊疑問句,意思是\"在......有多少......?\"多用來對可數名詞的數量提問。How many 後面要接可數名詞的復數形式。如:
How many apples are there on the table? 桌子上有多少個蘋果?
2.. What about ...?
此句型意思是\"......怎麼樣?\"、\"......呢?\",通常用來詢問情況或徵求意見、看法等。其中的about是介詞,後面可接名詞、代詞或動詞等。如:
What about that computer? 那台電腦怎麼樣?
My gloves are red. What about theirs? 我的手套是紅色的,他們的呢?
What about playing games after school? 放學後做游戲怎麼樣?
3. What time is it?/What\'s the time?
英語中,常用這兩個句型來詢問現在的時間,意思是\"什麼時間了?\"或\"幾點了?\"其答語一般用\"It\'s + 時間.\"其中的it指代時間,翻譯時可不譯,常在句尾加上please,以表示委婉的語氣。如:
What time is it, please? 請問現在幾點了?
-It's about a quarter past ten. 大約十點十五分。
4. What colour + be + 主語?
詢問某物的顏色,一般用以What colour 開頭的特殊疑問句,其答語通常用\"It\'s/They\'re + 表示顏色的形容詞\"。如:
-What colour is her blouse? 她的襯衫是什麼顏色的?
-It's light blue. 是淺藍色的。
5.Whose + 名詞 + be + 其它?/Whose + be + 名詞?
英語中常用這兩個句型來詢問某事物屬誰所有。如:
Whose cup is that? 那是誰的杯子?
Whose are these photos? 這些照片是誰的?
6. It's time for + sth. /It's time to do sth. / It's time for sb. to do sth.
這個結構意思都是\"該做某事了\",\"到做某事的時候了\"。如:
It's time for school. 到上學的時候了。
It\'s time to have supper. 該吃晚飯了。
7. 選擇疑問句:選擇疑問句是用or連接詢問的兩部分,以供選擇,答案必須是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答
一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能,問對方選擇哪一種.其結構可用一般疑問句,也可用特殊疑問句.供選擇的兩部分用or連接,前者讀升調,後者讀降調.
e.g. Will you go there by bus or by train?
What would you like, coffee or tea?
How many pens do you have, one or two?
選擇疑問句的答語必須是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no.
e.g. Do you go to school by bus or by bike?
By bus.
Which would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.
一般疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Is it right or wrong?
Were you or he there?
Are they reading, chatting or watching TV?
特殊疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Which do you like better, coffee or milk?
What color is it, red, blue or yellow?
Where are you going, to the classroom or to the library?
or not構成的選擇疑問句
e.g. Do you want to buy it or not?
Are you ready or not
8.另外,「to be + going + 動詞不定式」這個特殊的結構可表示在未來即將要進行的動作。
例:He is going to tell me tomorrow - 他將在明天告訴我。
練習題:
There are ____ water in the bottle.(B)瓶子里有一點水
There are ____ water in the bottle.(A)瓶子里沒水了
There are ____ students in the classroom.(D)教室里有幾個學生
There are ____ students in the classroom(C)教室里沒有學生
There are ____ apples on the trees.(D)有幾個蘋果長在樹上
選項統一為
A、little B、a little C、few D、a few
3. Of course,every one of us_1__to make friends like food---they are useful to us,and they can help us when we are _2__need._3__you can make as many friends of this kind as possible.
(1) A.want B.will want C.wants
(2) A.in B.on C.for D.of
(3) A.And B.But C.So D.Because
答案:CAC
4.Twenty minutes later,John_1__a tree.His leg was broken,and it hurt _2__.
Mr smith _3__to mend the chair.then he_4__himself with a hammer.
(1) A.fell over B.fell from C.fell down D.fell on
(2) A.all the day B.all day C.whole day D.all days
(3) A.starts B.started C.was starting
(4) A.damaged B.knocked C.hit D.cut
6. 七年級英語語法歸納
agree with sb 同意某人的看法
agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到達某地
ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事
be busy doing/with sth 忙於做某事
be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴格
be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格
decide to do sth 決定做某事
dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事
enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事
find sb do/doing sth 發現某人做某事
finish doing sth 完成某事
give sb sth 給某人某物
give sth to sb 給某人某物
have fun doing sth 做…很有趣
help sb with sth 幫助某人某事
help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
it』s time for sth 該做某事了
it』s time for sb to do sth 該某人做某事了
it』s time to do sth 該做某事了
like doing/to do sth 喜歡做某事
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事
mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事
pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人
pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
practice doing sth 練習做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記得要做某事
see sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
show sb sth 給某人看某物
show sth to sb 給某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花費…做某事
spend…on sth 花費…在某物上
start doing sth 開始做某事
start to do sth 開始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
stop to do sth 停下來再做某事
talk about sth 談論某事
talk to/with sb 與某人交談
tell sb about sth 告訴某人關於某事
tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事
want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
7. 初一英語重點語法有哪些
初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發的,但語法中常會有一些知識點看起來很細小,容易被忽視,但這些知識點掌握不熟練,往往會造成一些語法應用上的錯誤。因此在學習初一英語語法時,要認真、細心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。
下面從幾個方面,總結出了初一英語語法,如果要復習英語句法的同學,可以參考一下,
一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:
一)單數在後面加』s。如:brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個』s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英語語法——句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice.
c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll.
e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
三、初一英語語法——時態
1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:
Be 動詞:She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態,結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.
They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.
8. 初一上冊英語重點語法
英語語法口訣21條:
1、英語的詞類
句子要由片語成,
英語詞類有十種:
句中成分用實詞,
名、代、動、副、數、形容:
冠、介、連詞和感嘆,
虛詞附加或溝通。
詞類功能掌握了,
造句之時好運用。
2、語序歌
主、謂、賓、表同漢語,
定語有同也有異。
狀語位置更特殊,
不能全和漢語比。
3、肯定句變一般疑問句
have和be提句首,
其它助詞Do開頭。
時間、人稱由do變,
動詞只把原形留。
謂語助詞有幾個,
第一助詞提句首。
4、肯定句變否定句
否定詞語加not,
放在be和have後。
其它要加動詞do,
do的後面加not,
時間、人稱由do變,
動詞原形總保留。
謂語若是助詞多,
not緊跟第一個。
5、名詞的所有格
名詞只變數,
不分主賓格。
人和動物類,
可變所有格。
撇(』)後加s,
相當漢語「的」。
時間、距離等,
也變所有格。
6、名詞變復數
單數變為復數式,
加上「s」統言之。
下列結尾名詞後,
要加「s」先加「e」:
發音[∫][t∫][s]和[z],
或是輔音加「o」時。
有些名詞變復數,
詞尾變化要注意:
「y」前字母是輔音,
一律變「y」為「ie」;
遇到「f/fe」,
有時需要變「ve」
少數名詞不規則,
特別情況靠硬記。
7、時間名詞前所有介詞的速記
年月周前要用in,
日子前面卻不行。
遇到幾號要用「on」,
上午下午又是「in」。
要說某日上下午,
用on換in才能行。
午夜黃昏用at,
黎明用它也不錯。
at也在時分前,
說「差」用to,
說「過」要用past。
8、介詞用法歌
介詞加賓語,
才能有實意。
表、定、狀、賓、補,
片語在句里。
9、介詞順口溜
in 在……里,
out在……外,
在旁邊的是beside,
靠近的為by。
on在……上,
under在……下,
above在上頭,
below在底下。
10、be的用法歌
動詞be,變化大,
「I」用「am」「You」用「are」
Is用於它(it)、他(he)、她(she)
復數一定要用「are」,
切莫用錯鬧笑話。
11、動詞的時態
四種時間各四式,
聯想對比便於記。
時間現在和過去,
各自還有將來時。
一般、完成、進行式,
完成進行是四式。
四四共有十六種,
看來復雜掌握易;
除去have/be以外,
動詞變化有規律。
12、動詞形式的變化
動詞根本是原形,
變化形式有四種:
原形詞尾加「s」,
現在第三單人稱;
過去原形加「ed」,
過去分詞也相同;
原形加上「ing」,
現在分詞或動名。
原形詞尾加「s」,
如同名詞復數式。
若加「ed/ing」,
以下情況要注意:
詞尾有ie只加d,
Ing去掉無聲e;
詞尾ie變成y,
然後再加ing;
輔音之後y結尾,
Y要變i加ed;
現在分詞不變y,
直接加上ing;
詞尾重讀閉音節,
結尾輔音都雙寫,
r做結尾也一樣,
重讀音節r雙寫;
結尾字母若是「t」,
不是重讀也雙寫。
過去分詞過去式,
不按規則也有些。
13、動詞不定式不帶to的動詞
四看(notice,observe,see,watch),
三使役(have,let,make),
二聽(hear,listen to),
一感覺(feel)。
按:在上述動詞後做賓語補語用的不定式不帶to。
14、非謂語動詞
動詞不做調話用,
不定、分調與動名。
to加原形不定式,
片語可做名、副、形。
分調現在和過去,
相當副詞和形容。
原形加上「ing」,
動詞具有名詞性。
15、基數詞變序數詞(之一)
基變序,有規律,
詞尾字母tdd。①
八減t,九減e,
f要把ve替。②
ty把y變成i,
記住山前有個e。③
① 指first、second、third。
② 指eight去掉t,nine去掉e,five和twelve去掉ve加上f。
③ 指twenty→twentieth等。
16、基數詞變序數詞(之二)
第一、二、三要全變,①
其餘「th」加後邊,②
「th」里有例外,
你需格外記明白:
八減t,九減e,③
字母f代ve,④
ty變tie。⑤
① one-first,two-second,three-third。
② four-fourth,seven-seventh,hundred-hundredth。.
③ eight-eighth ,nine-ninth。
④ five-fifth,twelve-twelfth。
⑤ twenty-twentieth,sixty-sixtieth。
17、There be的位置和用法
說明何時何地有,
there be在主語前。
隨著主語第一個,
be的形式做變換。
18、be going的用法
be going是助動詞,
後跟加to不定式。
說明「准備」或「就要」,
時間人稱只變be。
19、have+got
have作為動詞「有」,
情態動詞have;
have got慣用語,
got可有也可無。
若變否定疑問,
去掉got再加do;
或把have提句首,
not加在have後。
20、以or結尾的詞
售票員班長(照)鏡子,
蓖麻教授(找)醫生。
按:有些同學常把-or結尾的詞誤拼為-er結尾的詞。初中課本1-6冊只有六個以-or結尾的詞。它們是:doctor n.醫生(第一冊);monitor n班長(第二冊);conctor n.售票員(第四冊);mirror n鏡子(第五冊);castor n蓖麻(第六冊);professor n教授(第六冊)。
21、以f(e)結尾的名詞復數
以f(e)結尾的名詞,在中學課本里,出現了不少。其名詞復數形式:有的直接在-f(e)後加s;有的要改-f(e)為ve再加-s;個別單詞上述兩種形式均可(如handkerchief→handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)。似乎不易記住這些規則,可只要記只下面這首順口溜,相信你就不會覺得難了。
妻子持刀去宰狼,
小偷嚇得發了慌;
躲在架後保己命,
半片樹葉遮目光。
按:順口溜中的黑體字是中學階段學過的九個以上-f(s)結尾的名詞:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(樹葉)。這九個詞變復數時,都是改-f(e)為ve再加-s。由self構成的復合詞,其變化與self相同(如myself→ourselves;yourself→yourselves;himelf,herself,itself→themselves)。
9. 初中七年級英語語法總結歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類:英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一.短語:
1 .be from = come from 來自於----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式:
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家,人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first.
11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修
飾,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項:
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----