『壹』 仁愛版英語九年級上冊每個單元分別要學哪些語法名稱 如:現在完成時 ……
我也要上九年級了而且是仁愛版的,我不知道每個單元要講什麼語法,
但我我知道九年專級的三大語屬法難點
1.現在完成時(記住完成時的標志詞、公式、短暫性動詞與持續性動詞的變換)
2.定語從句(先行詞+關系詞+從句)關系詞是考試重點 關系詞有八個 你上網查查把
3.被動語態
還有你需要掌握的主謂一致、非謂語動詞、反義疑問句 這些也都是九年級的語法吧 我也不太清楚 你了解了解對你學習很有用的
『貳』 初三 英語 仁愛版和新概念版語法
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
『叄』 仁愛英語九年級上冊的語法
九下仁愛短語片語復習題
Unit 1 Topic 1
1.向……學習
2.過著艱苦的生活
3.詳細地
4.給……支持;
5.贍著……,
6.給……贊助
7.在……幫助下
8.到國外學習
9.把……分成……
10.對……感到滿意
11.取得進步
12.幸虧;多虧……;由於
13.起草;擬訂……
14.去過……(地方)
15.去了……(地方)
16.挨餓
17.社會活動
Unit 1 Topic 2
1.迷路;丟失
2.收到……的來信
3.生活(居住)條件
4.至少
5.發生
6.獨生子女政策
7.醫療保險
8.五分之一
9.由於;因為
10.不到;少於
11.幾個;數個,好幾個
12.…和…都
13.盡管;既使
14.不僅……而且
15.三分之一
16.購物中心
17.成千上萬的
18.成百萬上千萬的
Unit 1 Topic 3
1.選定;決定
2.提供給某人……
3.習慣於某事/物;
4.習慣於做某事;
5.過去常常做某事;
6.被用於做某事
7.水污染;空氣污染
8.成功地做成做某事
9.童工
10.一個社會及各項目
11.國內外
12.被用於做某事
13.你覺得……怎麼樣?
14.死於
15.實際上
16.花費……在……上
17.遵守交通規則
18.對……友好
19.以便
20.如此……以便
Unit 2 Topic 1
1.化工廠
2.設法完成(困難的事)
努力完成
3.西山
4.把……倒進……
5.寫信給
6.保護環境
7.對……大喊(大叫)
8.如此吵鬧
9.對……有害
10.例如
Unit 2 Topic 2
1.結果
2.踩踏;踐踏
3.關心
4.在公眾場合
5.下決心;傾注
6.滅絕
7.砍倒
8.阻…做某事
9.阻…做某事
10.阻…做某事
11.切斷
12.有…危險
13.大量;許多
14.或者…或者…;
15.要麼…要麼…;
16.做某事有危險
17.溫室效應
Unit 2 Topic 3
1.相當
2.把……丟掉;拋棄
3.不但…而且…
4.應該做某事
5.應該
6.關掉
7.而不是;相反
8.占據;佔領
9.對付;處置;處理
10.太……而不能
11.進行短距離旅行
12.寧願…不而願…
13.說起容易做起難
14.可以被回收
15.讓人惋惜的是
Unit 3 Topic 1
1.為……作為准備
2.迫不及待做某事
3.後來;以後
4.與……相似
5.做某事有困難
6.做某事毫不費力
7.偶爾;有時;間或
8.也;還
9.遍及全世界
10.成百萬上千萬的
11.練習做某事
12.將來有一天/
13.將來某一天
14.出差;做生意
Unit 3 Topic 2
1.對……問好
2.順便說;順便問一下
3.依…而定;視…而定
4.不同於…;與…不同
5.在某人去…的路上
6.為某人送行
7.為…感到擔憂
8.書面英語;寫作英語
9.英語口語
10.至於
11.親自
12.達到目的;辦到;成功地做成某事
13.表達自己的意思
14.看見某人在做某事
15.看見某人做了某事
16.前往某地
17.離開……去
18.強迫某人做某事
19.被迫做某事
20.不知道
Unit 3 Topic 3
1.旅行(途)愉快
2.屬於困境中
3.在公眾場合;當眾
4.有時;有時候
5.放棄
6.時代英語報
7.深呼吸
8.做聽力練習
9.想做某事
10.放棄做某事
11.一些建議
12.害怕做某事
Unit 4 Topic 1
1.圍繞……轉
2.把……送入
3.飛到
4.將來有一天
5.進行體檢
6.禁不住做某事(忍不住做某事)
7.在太空
8.睡袋
9.輪流做某事
10.無疑地
11.做室驗
12.將來某一天
13.(過去)有一天
14.制定一個龐大的計劃
15.載人宇宙飛船
16.取得很大的進步
Unit 4 Topic 2
1.由……製成(看得出原材料)
2.由……製成(看不出原材料)
3.被用於做某事
4.在某人的一生中
5.作為…而出名
6.只要
7.對…作出貢獻
8.對…作出巨大貢獻
9.允許某人做某事
10.允許做某事
11.被允許做某事/獲准做某事
12.在某地製造
13.被用作…(工具)
14.實現;成為現實
Unit 4 Topic 3
1. 在將來
2.能夠…
3.發射
4.為了…
5.親眼
6.在…上登陸
7.參加
8.積極參加
9.成長;長大
10.在舞台上
11.比起…更喜歡…
12.把某人看作…
13.更糟糕的是
14.值得做某事
15.相隔
16.和…一樣
be busy doing sth.
be worth doing sth.
instead of doing sth.
can』t help doing sth.
take (a) pride in doing sth.
take (an) interest in doing sth.
be proud of
take care of= look after
take good care of = look after well
succeed in doing sth.= be successful in doing sth.
『肆』 九年級下冊仁愛版英語短語和語法
這回呢
Unit 5 Learning about China
Topic 1 Could you tell me something about the places that you visited?
大約5000年的歷史
about 5000 years of history
吸引了許多遊客 attract many tourists
數以百萬 millions of
許多 a (great) number of
第一、二、三長河 the longest river/the second longest river/the third longest river
中華民族文化的發源地
the birthplaces of Chinese culture
還有一些別的嗎? Anything else?
給某人取某物 fetch sth for sb=fetch sb. sth.
我能給你一本《中國指南》
I can fetch you Guide to China.
詳細介紹……introce…in detail
位於
lie in(范圍內) lie to(范圍外) lie on(接壤)
穿過 ,流經 run through
匯入渤海 join the Bohai Sea
淡水湖 the fresh water lake
第二大淡水湖
the second largest fresh water lake
在中國的西南部
be in the southwest of China
青藏高原 the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
很值得做某事 be well worth doing sth
海拔 above sea level
多麼令人驚奇啊 What a surprise!
最奇妙的地方 the most fantastic place
聽說過 hear of
實現 come true
國內外 home and abroad
三面環山
be surrounded on three sides by mountains
陶醉於…,全神貫注於…, 沉浸於…… lose oneself in…
因為 because of sth.
…之鄉 the home of
龍井茶 the Dragon Well
龍井茶之鄉 the home of Dragon Well Tea
尋找機會做某事
look for a chance to do sth.
與某人分享……share sth. with sb.
如此……以至so…that…
不但……而且not only…but also…
被認為是, 作為……而著名 be known as… 因……而著名be known for….
把…看作/認為 regard …as …
be regarded as=be considered as …
東方明珠 the Oriental Pearl
購物天堂 Shopping Heaven
想起,考慮,認為 think of
品嘗各種各樣鮮美的水果
enjoy various delicious fruits
來某處旅遊 come to sw. for a visit
作為……服務的橋梁serve as a bridge
損壞,拋錨,變得惡劣 break down
駕駛執照the driving license
拿走 take away
有不同的特點 have different feasures
與…截然不同 be quite different from
南北有很大的不同 There are many differences between the north and the south.
零度以上/以下 stay below / above zero
雪下得很大 snow heavily
雨下得很大 rain heavily
風颳得很大 blow strongly
被…覆蓋 be covered with
做戶外運動 do outdoor activities
堆雪人 make snowmen
仍雪球 throw snow balls
滑冰 go skating
溫暖潮濕 mild and wet
享受明媚的陽光 enjoy the bright sunshine
在海灘上 on the beach
人們的生活方式 people』s way of life
習慣於吃麵食
be used to eating food made with flour
麵食 food made with flour
生活在北方平原live on the northern plains
通過陸路來往 come and go by land
走陸路/走水路 travel by land / by water
Topic 2 Confucius, a pioneer in the field of ecation.
在教育領域in the field of ecation.
一個教育領域的先驅者
a pioneer in the field of ecation.
一個偉大的思想家
a great ancient philosopher
真知灼見 wise ideas and thoughts
人類行為 human behavior
主要思想 main ideas
禮貌 good manners
至理名言 wise sayings
從…學會 learn sth. from
在…多歲時 at the age of …
在他三十多歲時 in his thirties
溫故而知新
Learn the new while reviewing the old
為...感到驕傲be proud of =be the pride of
航海 ocean journeys
死於疾病 die of illness
總共in total
積極參加take an active part in
受…歡迎 be popular with
成立 set up
推翻 bring down
因…而跨掉,出故障,壞掉
break down from…
成功做某事 succeed in doing sth
去世pass away
演講 give a speech
講學 give a lecture
發明雜交水稻develop hybrid rice
獲得諾貝爾物理獎
win the Nobel Prize for Physics
消滅 wipe out
到安全地點 to safety=to the safe place
一份新長征計劃 a new Long March
Topic 3
帶某人參觀某地 show sb. around sw.
給某人看…show sb. to sw.
王權的象徵 a symbol of imperial power
真龍天子
real dragons and the sons of heaven
中華民族的象徵
a symbol of the Chinese nation
扮演一個角色
play a/an…part in…=
play a/an ……role…
在中國節日中占重要角色
play an important part in Chinese festival
龍年the year of the dragon
鼓勵某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
承諾做某事 promise to do sth.
承諾接受意見
promise to follow the suggestions
要麼..要麼 either…or…
圍擠在…周圍crowd around…
下象棋 play Chinese chess
…和…都…, 兩者都…Both …and …
兩者都都不…Neither …nor …
為了…in order to …
為反對…而斗爭 ,與…戰斗fight against
為了紀念某人/某事 in memory of
爆發break out
依靠,依賴,取決於 depend on
在某人的幫助下
with one』s help=with the help of sb.
最…之一
one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數
在三世紀 in the 3 rd century
在…末梢 at the end of….
傳開, 傳播,蔓延 spread to /through
『伍』 仁愛英語九年級上冊的語法重點
http://www.hongen.com/eng/pub/yufac/ 這個網站不錯,希望能幫的上你
我是轉載的 看看吧:
初中全部的語法,我學的也仁愛的哦!!
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛
『陸』 仁愛英語九年級上冊的重點語法。句式。時態。短語等。。謝謝了
一. 現在完成時1.基本結構:助動詞的 have/has 動詞的過去分詞;舉例:1)否定式 :I (you)have not/ haven't worked;; you haven'tbeen here for a long time; 2)疑問句:把 have/has 提的主語前面即可;如:have they finished the work yet ? have 3)簡單回答:yes ,you (i) have.; No ,you (i) have not / haven't. Yes ,he (she/it )has.;Not ,he (she/it) has not / hasn't. yes , you (we / they ) have . Not ,you (we / they ) have not / haven't . 2 .have (has)been to 與 have (has) gone to 的區別: 的區別: ) 1) been to 地點;如:I have been to Shanghai twice; ) 地點; 2) gone to 地點; 如: he has gone to Shanghai . 地點; ) 3). Been in 地點; 地點; 如:I've been in Shanghai for three months; 過去某個時間點/從句 的區別: 從句」 3.表示現在完成時的有關兩個時間狀語:「for 時間段 與「since 過去某個時間點 從句」的區別: 表示現在完成時的有關兩個時間狀語: 時間段" 表示現在完成時的有關兩個時間狀語 1) 現在完成時加「「 現在完成時加「「 「「for 時間段 的時間狀語:指完成時態的具體時間有多長的時間段; 時間段" 的時間狀語: 如: Bobby has been away from the park for two hours;; ; 2)現在完成時 「sine 過去某個時間點/ 從句(用過去式)」;表示「自從…..以來」它前面的主句通常使用完成時。如: B obby has been away from the park since 8 o' clock ;註:表示自 8 點以來一直到現在的時間;4.把非延續性動詞或瞬間動詞要改成延續性動詞或短語如 come→be;go out→be out;leave →be away(from);begin→be on; die → be dead; become → be; open → be open; close → be close; 重點復習 24 頁; 5.現在完成時可以和不明確指出時間的狀語連用 現在完成時可以和不明確指出時間的狀語連用;如:already、 yet 、 just、 before、 ever、 lately、once; 現在完成時可以和不明確指出時間的狀語連用 have you heard from you friend lately ? (你最近 最近收到你朋友的來信了嗎?) 最近 6.現在完成時也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語連用 現在完成時也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語連用;如:this week, this morning;today,this year; 現在完成時也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語連用 7.現在完成時不可以和明確表示過去的時間狀語連用;如:yesterday, last week, in 1999;two days ago; 現在完成時不可以和明確表示過去的時間狀語連用; 現在完成時不可以和明確表示過去的時間狀語連用 just now ,when I came (come 的過去式)in; 直接引語和間接引語;包括四個方面的內容: 二. 直接引語和間接引語;包括四個方面的內容:1.定義; 2. 直接引語變間接引語後語序的變化;3.時態變化; 4.指示代詞即、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化; 1.定義 定義:直接引用或復述別人的話,被引用或復述的部分叫直接引語,必須放在括弧中,位置在句首或句中; 定義 用自己的話轉述別人的話,被轉述部分叫間接引語,不用括弧 ,一般用賓語從句或復合賓語表示; 2. 直接引語變間接引語後語序的變化: 直接引語變間接引語後語序的變化 1)若直接引語為陳述句,一般變成以 that 引導的賓語從句; 2)若直接引語為一般疑問句,一般變成以 whether 引導的賓語從句(口語用 if 代替),但從句要用陳述 句語序; 3)若直接引語為特殊疑問句,疑問詞變成連接詞,語序改為陳述句語序,標點符號的使用由主句決定; 4)若直接引語為祈使句,多使用不定式,變成「ask/ tell / order sb.(not)to do sth."的句式; (詳見:43 頁語法精講;ask(問),tell(告訴),order(命令) 3.時態的變化 時態的變化:間接引語的時態要與主句的時態一致,分 3種情況; 時態的變化 1) 當主句的謂語是現在或將來時態時,從句可以按需要使用任何時態;2) 當主句謂語是過去時態時,從句中的時態要做相應的變化,見 43 頁表; 3) 當主句謂語是過去時態時,而賓語從句敘述的是某一客觀真理(事實)時,賓語從句的時態用一般 現在時; 4.指示代詞 時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化: 指示代詞、 頁的表; 4.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化:見 43 頁的表; 不定代詞:不指明替代任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫不定代詞;可以做主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語 三. 不定代詞。 詳見 53 頁;包括四方面的內容: 1.種類 種類。1)許多:many(可數)、 much(不可數)、 a lot of、 lots of、 plenty(大量) of; 種類 2)一些:some、 any、 a few(可數)、 a little(不可數); 3).就幾乎沒有:few(可數)、 little(不可數); 4).指兩者:each(每個)、either(任何一個)、both(全都)、neither(都不)、(the)other 5)兩者以上:each/every(每個)、any(任何一個)、all(全都)、nonne/no(都不)、another(另 6)some、any、no、every 都可以和 one、 body、thing 連用,構成復合不定代詞;如: 構成人:someone、 anyone、 no one/none、 everyone; somebody、 anybody、 nobody、 everybody; 構成物; something、 anything 、nothing、 everything; 7)復合不定代詞做主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式; 8)形容詞修飾不定代詞時,應該放在不定代詞之後; 9)some—/any—復合不定代詞的用法與 some/any的用發基本一致; 並列句: 四.並列句:含有兩個或兩個以上的獨立的簡單的句子,叫並列句;連接詞有五類:詳見 64 頁並列句 含有兩個或兩個以上的獨立的簡單的句子,叫並列句;連接詞有五類: 1.表示並列關系,動作先後關系,常用 and 連接;如:after lunch my aunt came in and she looked worried (並列 還如: I finished my homework ,and I went to bed; (表示動作的先後順序); 2.表示轉折,常用 but 、while 連接;如:he is very old but he is in good health; 還如: tom was rich while his brother was very poor; 3. 表示選擇關系,常用連詞 or、 either…..or….;等;如:he came by bus ,or he came by taxi; 還如:either you tell the truth ,or you say nothing ; 4.表示因果關系,常用 so ,for 連接;如:the coatwas very expensive ,so I didn't buy it; 還如:it is very cold today ,for it snows; 一般現在時的被動語態: 五.一般現在時的被動語態:詳見 86 頁 一般現在時的被動語態 叫住的語態; 叫被動語態; 1.定義:英語語態有兩種。主語是動作的執行者,叫住的語態;主語是動作的承受者叫被動語態; 主語是動作的 及物動詞的過去分詞」 2.基本結構:1)肯定句「主語 am/ is / are 及物動詞的過去分詞」; 2)否定句 「主語 am/ is / are not 及物動詞的過去分詞」 3)一般疑問句 「am / is / are 主語 及物動詞的過去分詞」 注意:動作的執行者由 by 引導的短語表示,by意為「被….., 由….」; 3. 被動語態的用法: 1)在沒有指明動作的執行者或者不知道動作的執行者的情況下,可用被動語態; 2)要強調的是動作的承受者而不是執行者,用被動語態; 3)主、被動語態的轉換:a.住的語態的主語是被動語態的賓語;b.主動語態的及物動詞變成被動語態的 及物動詞的過去分詞; c.主動句的主語是代詞的主格形式,變成被動句 by 的賓語時,要用賓格形式 4)不及物動詞、一般系動詞沒有被動語態
『柒』 仁愛英語九年級上冊同步語法Unit2的答案!急求快!!!
1.C not all 部分否定,譯為「不是所有的」;
every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 並非版每個人都誠實權。
Each man is not honest. 這兒每個人都不誠實。
2.D any 表任何的
3.B 根據答語none說明是三者或三者以上,所以排除A和D,又根據意義,推知選B。
『捌』 仁愛版初中英語語法
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於 31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎麼樣
108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什麼怎麼樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名詞)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什麼而准備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上學(用於專業的)go to the school 去學校(不一定是上學) 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事
129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談
131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來
133 have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
135 have to do sth 必須做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用處
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼的看法
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能准時到達
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般時態)+條件語態從句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最後
150 in the north of… 什麼在什麼的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 )
『玖』 仁愛英語九年級上冊U3T2SB的語法
復合句:有主句,有從句。從句修飾主句的謂語,說明謂語發生的時間/地點/方式等等。
定語從句:也是復合句的一種,修飾主句中的某個名次/代詞。
並列句:前後兩個句子是相等的,沒有主次之分,常用and/or/but/while等連接。
間接引語:把某人的話引用到自己的句中,不用引號表明,而是放在謂語動詞的後面變成了賓語從句。如:she asked who you were.
直接引語:把某人的話引用到自己的句中,用引號表明,如; "Who are you?" she asked.
不定試: 是非謂語的一種, to do, 在句子中作除了謂語之外的所有成分。
九 年 級 英 語 語 法 集 中
——定語從句(the Attributive Clause)
Name: ______________ Class: ______________ No.:______________
一、定義:
在復合句中,修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的句子(從句)叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句作定語放在先行詞的後面。
引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,關系詞有:關系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關系副詞when,where,why。關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,既起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的一個成分。如:
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那個女孩是我的妹妹。(關系代詞who在句中作主語)
I can』t find the book (that) I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天買的那本書。(關系代詞that在句中作賓語,可省去)
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界聞名的偉大科學家。
二、用法:
(一)關系代詞的用法:
(1)that指物,有時也指人,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。
which指物,不指人,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。如:
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV set. (作主語,指物)
The coat (that/ which) I put on the desk is black. (作賓語,可省去)
The books (that/ which) they bought were written by me. (作賓語,可省去)
注意:
(一) which與that指物時可互相代替,但that比which更常見,尤其在口語中。但要注意that可用來指人,而which則不能指人。
只能用that不能用which引導的定語從句:
①定語從句所修飾的詞,同時又被形容詞最高級修飾時,定語從句只能用that引導;
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
②定語從句所修飾的詞,同時又被序數詞修飾時,定語從句只能用that引導;
The children like the second Lesson that is about 「The Football March」.
③定語從句所修飾的詞,同時又被the only,the very或the same修飾時,
定語從句只能用that引導;
1) It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.
④定語從句修飾的詞同時又被不定代詞,如:all,any,no,every,little,many或much等修飾時,定語從句只能用that引導;
Here is all the money (that) I have.
⑤定語從句修飾詞為everything,something,anything,nothing,all,none,much,little,few等不定代詞時,定語從句只能用that引導。但something前有the時,定語從句可由which引出。
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
⑥定語從句修飾的詞中同時含有「人」和「物」的名詞時,定語從句只能用that引導:
I can remember well the persons and some picture (that) I see in the room.
⑦定語從句修飾的詞為one, ones時,定語從句用that引導:
Is it the one (that) you want?
⑧當主句的主語是疑問詞 who或 which來提問時,為了避免重復,用that引導定語從句:]
Who is the girl that won the first place?
(二) who指人,that除指人外也指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語可省略,作主語不能省略。
1) The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. (作主語,不可省略)
2) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. (作主語,不可省略)
3) The boy (who/ that) I like isn』t here now. (作賓語,可省略)
注 意:
who與that指人時可互相代替,但下列情況只能用who不能用that引導的定語從句:
① 先行詞是one,ones,anyone時,定語從句只能用who引導;
② 先行詞為those時,定語從句只能用who引導;
③ There be句型開頭。
另 註:(1) whom指人,為who的賓格形式,在句中只作賓語,其前沒有介詞時,也可用who替換使用,也可省略,如:
Who is the teacher (that/ who/ whom) Yanzhen is talking to? (作賓語,可省略)
Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? (作賓語,介詞to提到whom前,whom再此不可省略)
(2) whose 指人,也可指物,在從句中作定語,不可省略。如:
The building whose windows face to the south is our school. (作定語,不可省略)
(二)關系副詞的用法:(略)
鞏 固 練 習
一、用適當的關系代詞填空:
1. The man ___________________ I saw in the street yesterday is Tom』s father.
2. The students ___________________ don』t work hard will not pass the exam.
3. Is there anything ___________________ you want to say now?
4. This is the only book ____________________ I want to read for my child.
5. The first present ____________________ my parents gave me was a model plane.
6. The bridge _____________________ is being built will be the most beautiful in the city.
7. I don』t want to work with a man ____________________ hair is so long.
8. These are the trees ____________________ were planted last year.
9. The car ____________________ he is using is made in China.
10. Is this the musician ____________________ you like best?
二、單項選擇:
( )1. The girl _________________ could sing well went to Europe.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
( )2. We prefer music which _________________ great lyrics.
A. have B. has C. had D. is
( )3. She lives in a house __________________ windows face south.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
( )4. Who is the man _________________ talked with you just now?
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
( )5. Look at the boy and his dog _________________ are coming this way.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
( )6. This is the biggest ship __________________ I』ve ever seen.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
( )7. Look at the girl __________________ name is Susan.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
( )8. That was all the money __________________ I had.
A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
( )9. This is the man __________________ last night.
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him
( )10. They talked about things and persons ______________ they remembered in the school.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
三、以下列畫線的句子為定語,組成一個定語從句:
1. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
_________________________________________________________________
2. The girl is Kate. She has a round face.
_________________________________________________________________
3. He is the man. I told you about him.
_________________________________________________________________
4. The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
_________________________________________________________________
5. The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
_________________________________________________________________
6. He likes the novels. The novels were written by Hemingway.
_________________________________________________________________
四、閱讀理解:
popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios and listen to music before class,after class,and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Alt(成年人)drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports,the weather,and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmers are music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or a tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country,young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes,all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a famous star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common(普通的)life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today,any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
36. _______kinds of music are mentioned in this passage?
A. Two B. Four C. Three D. Five
37. When pop singers _________,they will become famous stars.
A. make much money B. are loved by all over the young people
C. make a CD or a tape D. are wanted to sing on the radio
38. From the passage we know that country music is about the ______.
A. common life of Americans B. country life and love stories of cowboys
C. life of cowboys D. school life in America
39. Which of the following is true according to this passage?______.
A. All the students in America like popular music
B. Most of the radio programmers in America are popular music
C. Alt drivers in America listen to music all the time while driving
D. Everyone in America wants to meet pop singers wherever they go
40. What would be the best title(標題)for this passage?
A. Western Music B. Popular Music C. History of Music D. American Music