A. 英語語法和句式的區別
英語語法包來括詞法和句法兩個部自分。
詞法,比如說名詞的數、格,動詞的時、體等形態變化,形容詞的原級、比較級、最高級等等,這些都不屬於句式的內容。
句法也不完全指句式。句法指的是句子的構造規則,而句式指的是某些特定的句子的構造形式。比如說,句法規定了動詞的變化要與主語的人稱和數(第一、第二、第三,單數、復數)保持一致(They
sing.
He
sings.),還規定了時態(tense)、體(aspect)的變化規則。而句式,只是一些特定的句子構造形式,比如說比較句要說成He
is
taller
than
me.(A
be
-er
than
B.),再如「…so
…
that…」句式表示「如此……以致……」,等等。
B. 英語語法句式
where引導一個定語從句you throw away your vehicle once you've reached your destination。先行詞是form of transportation。用where是因為這個詞在後面的從句中做地點狀語用,它版引導的整個句子(一直到句末)作權為form of transportation的定語,說明火箭作為一種運輸形式的某一個特點,就是一到達目的地就扔掉了。全句的意思是:火箭是一種你一到達目的地就扔掉的運輸形式。其中「你一到達目的地就扔掉的」就是定語從句。
C. 英語句式句型算是語法嗎,語法包括什麼
英語句式句型屬於語法的一部分。語法是針對英語語言進行研究後,系統的總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則。它包括:詞類、語態、時態、非謂語動詞、簡單句和復雜句等。
D. 英語句子 語法
本句中a research firm是arts economics的同位語。兩者指的是同一事物。根據上下文可知,藝術經濟公司就是一家研究公司。
E. 英語里所有的句型和語法,句式。
時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容,廣大初中學生在實際運用時,往往對時態總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復習一下這幾種時態。
一、一般現在時:
概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
時間狀語:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①把be動詞放於句首;②用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
二、一般過去時:
概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
三、現在進行時:
概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結構:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
四、過去進行時:
概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
五、現在完成時:
概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑問句:have或has。
六、過去完成時:
概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結構:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑問句:had放於句首。
七、一般將來時:
概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結構:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①be放於句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、過去將來時:
概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結構:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②would/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見的轉換形式:
一、一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、「be going to+動詞原形」與「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構的轉換
「be going to+動詞原形」、表示打算、計劃要做的事;將來時「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構在書面語中,當主語為第一人稱時,常用助動詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。請看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
Ⅲ. 中考動詞時態考點分析
一、 根據時間狀語確定時態的原則
1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002遼寧)
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
[析] 1. C。since後接時間的起點,for後接時間段,主句動詞用現在完成時,應注意瞬間動詞與延續性動詞的使用。
二、 在復合句根據時態呼應確定時態的原則
2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龍江 )
A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes
C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come
[析] 2. C。if既可引導賓語從句,也可引導狀語從句。充當賓語從句的連接詞時,相當於whether,詞義是「是否」。充當狀語從句的連接詞時,詞義是「如果」。從時態看,if引導賓語從句時謂語動詞的時態應根據主句的時態作相應的變化;引導表示將來動作或狀態的條件句時,若主句用一般將來時,則從句通常用一般現在時表示將來。
三、 根據上下文已有時態信息點確定時態的原則
3. –When this kind of computer ?
--Last year. (2002天津)
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
[析] 3. B。此例由下句的時間狀語推斷出一般過去時態,並且要考慮到被動語態。
四、 利用上下文語意確定時態的原則
4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn』t see you at the party.
--Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西)
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
[析] 4. B。此例由didn』t, at the party推斷出應用過去進行時。
五、 時態中的「特殊」對策的原則
5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002遼寧)
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
[析] 5. A。 有些動詞其動詞的時態是「違背常理」的。如賓語從句表示的是一個客觀事實或客觀真理時,其時態不受主句限制而用一般現在時表示。
The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A):
F. 關於英語的語法句式【較簡單】
1.
Thank you for the love you are giving me.這是正確的吧,那用了關於什麼什麼的語法知識----------thank you for sth(the love)--為某事而答謝感謝內你。後面youare giving me用來修飾the love.這個愛容是你給予我的。全句翻譯:感謝你給我的愛。
【Thanks for you give me the love.】---錯誤。thank表示感謝有2種形式:thank you for sth & thanks for your sth.---所以你的句子可以改為 thanks for your giving me the love。 giving 在這是動名詞(名詞性)
2.
listen and number the questions you hear.--------其實這里是個祈使句引導的賓語從句。動詞原形在句首,一般視為祈使句。you hear 其實前面省略了that 引導,但是that在這作hear的賓語所以即可省略不寫。
希望能幫助你-----------------------
G. 英語語法的句式
英語基本句式小結
英語中的句式有很多種,從英語的句子結構上說,總體可以歸納為五個基本句式。一般地說,某些動詞用在某一特定句式中。那麼,哪些動詞常用於哪些句式,我們把這些句型和常用的動詞進行歸類,每一大類都分出詳細的條目,同學們可以在理解記憶各大類的基礎上記憶相關動詞,並繼續歸納總結。
1.S(主)+ Vi(不及物動詞)(謂)
1)S + V + adverbial(狀語)
Birds sing beautifully.
2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語)
He went on holiday.
3)S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
4)S + Vi+ Participle (分詞)
I』ll go swimming
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物動詞)(謂)+ O(賓)
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)
I want to help him.
常用於這句型的動詞有:attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,learn,need,offer,refuse,want,wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don』t know what to do.
常用於這句型的動詞有:ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,find
out,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用於這句型的動詞有:admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,give
up,can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don』t think (that) he is right.
常用於這句型的動詞有:Admit,believe,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,feel(覺得),hear(聽說),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(當心),notice,request,report,say,see(看出),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(覺得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動詞)+ P(表)
1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞)
He is a boy.
2)S + Lv + Adj(形容詞)
She is beautiful.
3)S + Lv + Adv (副詞)
Class is over.
4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5)S + Lv + Participle(分詞)
The film is interesting.
除了be 系動詞外,還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞:
表感官的動詞,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem
等。表轉變變化的動詞,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。表延續的動詞
remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest等。表瞬時的動詞
come,fall,set,cut,occur等。其他動詞
eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,stand,continue,hang等。
英語的基本句型主要有五種,它們是:
1、主語———動詞———表語
2、主語———動詞
3、主語———動詞———賓語
4、主語———動詞———賓語———賓語
5、主語———動詞———賓語———補語
掌握好這些基本句型,就可以為靈活運用語言打下良好的基礎。下面分別講解這五種句型。
一、主語---動詞----表語
在這一句型中,動詞是系動詞,劃線部分為表語。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名詞做表語)
2.Graaly he became silent.(形容詞做表語)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(現在分詞做表語)
4.The question remained unsolved.(過去分詞做表語)
5.The machine is out of order.(介詞短語做表語)
6.The television was on.(副詞做表語)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(動詞不定式做表語)
8.My job is repairing cars.(動名詞做表語)
9.The question is what you want to do.(從句做表語,即:表語從句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容詞做表語,在表語的後面常常接不定式結構。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
二、主語———動詞
在這一句型中,動詞為不及物動詞及不及物的動詞片語。在有的句子中,不及物動詞可以有狀語修飾。
1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
3.Did you sleep well?(well做狀語,修飾不及物動詞sleep)
4.The engine broke down.
注意:在此句型中,有少數不及物動詞表達被動含義,表達主語本身所具有的特性,不用被動語態。
1.The book sells wel.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
三、主語———動詞———賓語
在此句型中,動詞為及物動詞,劃線部分為賓語。
1.Do you know these people(them)?(名詞或代詞做賓語)
2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代詞做賓語)
3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源賓語)
4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做賓語)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(動名詞做賓語)
6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(從句做賓語,即:賓語從句)
注意:並不是所有的及物動詞都可以接上述各種情況做賓語,不同的動詞有不同的用法,所以,在學習動詞時,一定要掌握其用法。
四、主語———動詞———賓語———賓語
在此句型中,動詞可以稱作雙賓語動詞,在英語中,這樣的動詞並不多,在學習遇時,要牢記。後面的賓語為間接賓語和直接賓語,其中間接賓語在前,一般表人,直接賓語在後,一般表物。這類句型有三種情況。
第一種情況,間接賓語可以改為to引導的短語。
1.He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2.She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二種情況,間接賓語可以改為for引導的短語。
3.She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4.She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三種情況,直接賓語可以由賓語從句充當。
5.Tell him I'm out.
6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?
五、主語———動詞———賓語———賓語補足語
在此句型中的動詞,叫做可以跟復合賓語的動詞,在英語中,這樣的動詞也不多。後面的賓語補足語是說明賓語的情況的,賓語和賓語補足語一起被稱做復合賓語。這個句式是英語中比較復雜的一個句式,因為復合賓語的構成內容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補足語。
1.He found his new job boring.(形容詞做賓補)
2.The called their daughter Mary.(名詞做賓補)
3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介詞短語做賓補)
4.We went to here house but found her out.(副詞做賓補)
5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做賓補)
6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做賓補)
7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做賓補)
8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的進行式做賓補)
9.Did you notice him come in?(不帶to的不定式做賓補)
10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(現在分詞做賓補)
11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(過去分詞做賓補)
注意:在這個結構中,可以出現用it做形式上的賓語,把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語的後面。在此結構中,賓語常常是動詞不定式或賓語從句。
1.He felt it his ty to mention this to her.
分析:it是形式賓語,histy是賓語補足語,to mention this to her是真正的賓語。
2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析:it是形式賓語,best是賓語補足語,that you should stay with us是真正的賓語。
注意:
1.習慣用語的使用
在英語中,有很多動詞習慣用語,在學習的過程中,要注意它們的使用,不必分析單獨每個詞的使用。
例:
We are short of money.(be short of中short做表語)
She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的賓語)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做片語carry out的賓語)
We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for後面的the rain是賓語,to stop是賓語補足語)
2.在英語中,大多數動詞既可以做及物動詞又可以做不及物動詞,而且還會有一些固定片語,因此一個動詞可以用於幾種句型。
例:ask
①Did you ask the price?(直接接名詞做賓語)
②She asked them their names.(接雙賓語)
③I asked James to buy some bread.(接賓語加不定式做賓語補足語)
④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做賓語)
⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副詞in連用)
⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(組成固定片語ask for)
3.There be句型是一種特殊的句子,真正的主語在後面,含義為「有…」
①謂語動詞和主語保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
②有兩個或更多的主語時,動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主語的後面有時有修飾語:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此處也可以使用to do).
④謂語動詞be可以有時態的變化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.
⑤謂語也可以有不定式構成的復合謂語。
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥there be句式變疑問句,把be提前;變翻譯疑問句也要藉助there。
Is there any hope of getting the job?
There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦there be句型中也可以使用諸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物動詞:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用於非謂語的情況下,有時用不定式的復合結構there to be或動名詞的復合結構和獨立主格結構there being:
You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的復合結構)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(動名詞的復合結構)
There being nothing else to do,we went home.(獨立主格結構)
H. 英語語法(句子結構
At the center is Ms. Rosales, 55, who was born in Mexico and shares a home with José Carlos Bergantinos, an art consultant and collector from Spain, with whom she once operated a gallery in Manhattan, exhibiting the work of artists like Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol.
請高手分析一下句子中with whom的用法和句子結構
答:這句話的主句是At the center is Ms. Rosales。是同位語。who-從句是非限制性定語從句(至句尾)。
在這個從句中,又出現了一個人名Jose Carlos Bergantinos, 後面又來了一個同位語an art consultant and collector form Spain. 後面又來了一個非限制性定語從句,來對這個人的情況加以補充。 而這個從句後面又有一個現在分詞短語作狀語,表示伴隨情況:exhibiting ...
I. 英語語法與句型
英語基本句型:
1.存在句
There be +名詞短語+介詞短語
There is a television tower in the centre of the city.
There be +名詞短語+定語從句
There is a boy at the door who is holding a bunch of flowers.
There be +名詞短語+非謂語動詞短語
There were ten residents killed in the earthquake.
There are still a lot of problems to be settled.
There is a woman waiting for you in the office.
2.祈使句
Don』t laugh at him.
Never be late for school.
Let』s hold a party tonight.
3.強調句
It is +人+who/that+其他
It』s my sister who bought me this nice shirt.
It was my sister that you met yesterday.
It is +時間/地點/原因/方式+that+其他
It was because of overwork that she got ill.
4.主系表句(主+系動詞+表語)
He remained weak.
Silk feels smooth.
She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.
5.主謂賓句
片語賓語
Everybody longs for success and happiness.
賓語從句
I wonder whether you can spare me a few minutes.
不定式賓語
The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
6.主謂賓補句
形容詞補語
You shouldn』t have kicked the door open.
Don』t you think it wrong to cheat in exams? (it 為形式賓語,不定式為真正的賓語)
名詞補語
Jack has made Jane an excellent wife.
分詞補語
I heard him singing when I passed by his study.
7.方式狀語從句
I have changed it as you suggested.
8.結果狀語從句
He was so careless that he made many spelling mistakes in his writing.
It is such a popular song that everybody can sing it.
9.目的狀語從句
I have been saving money so that I can have a house of my own.
They talked in a low voice in order that they might not disturb us.
He hid in the grass for fear that he might be found.
Better take more clothes in case the weather (should常省略) get cold.
10.比較句
He lives farther from school than I do.
He is as energetic as a young man.
I made as many mistakes as she did.
The more time you spend on English, the better you will learn it.
His house is twice as big as mine.
I prefer coffee to tea.
11.It形式主語句
It difficult for a beginner to read such scientific materials.
It is no use /no good/fun quarrelling with such people.
It is high time that+從句(謂語動詞用過去式表示虛擬)(表示該……的時候了。)
It is high time that we began our job application.
12.主句+as if/as though+虛擬語氣
He talked as if he ha