① 八年級英語上冊語法大全人教版 所有語法 所有單元
leavesbbyoneself獨自留下某人needn't=don'thaveto不需it's 形容詞 todosthmakesbdosth讓某人做某事letsbdosth讓某人做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開心tellsb(not)todosth告訴某人做某事asksb(not)todosth詢問某人做某事be(not) 形容詞 enouth todosthbe too 形容詞 todosthtakecareof=lookafter照顧each of固定搭配assoonas一……就want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn以上詞語後跟todosthfinish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise以上詞語後跟doingsthstop,forget,remember以上詞語後可跟todosth也可跟doingsth。比如「forgettodosth」意思是「忘記去做某事(表示事情還沒做)」,「forgetdoingsth」則表示「忘了做過某事(表示事情已經做了)」,如此類推,其餘兩個用法相同。seesbdoingsth看見某人正在做某事seesbdosth看見過某人做某事makeit 形容詞 todosthenjoy/help/teach oneself靠自己reach=getto=arrivein/at註:arrivein表示到達較大的地方,比如一個國家,一座城市等;arriveat表示到達較小的地方,如學校,電影院等。havebeento曾經去過某地(現在已經回來了)havebeenin一直在某地(現在仍在某地)havegoneto去了某地(現在正在去的途中,還沒回來)現在完成時:have(has) 動詞過去分詞lookforwordto 動詞ingdivededinto把……分成alittle=abitof一點點too……to 動詞原形現在完成時的動詞短語變化:began→beoncome/arrive→beherego/leave→beawaybuy→havedie→bedeadborrow→keepjoin→beamember(in)in 一段時間表示將來將來時表達形式:begoingtodosth=willdosth=bedoingsthdoone'sbest=tryone'sbest盡力去做某事afraidto 動詞afraidof 名詞usetodosth過去常做某事didn'tusetodo=usen'ttodo過去不做某事nolonger=notanylonger現在不做某事fillwith=befullof裝滿gotobed上床去睡覺gotosleep入睡fallasleep從上床到入睡的全過程(動態)beasleep睡著(靜態)on 具體某天的早上/下午/晚上makeoutof用……做出abit 形容詞abitof 名詞afew(用於可數名詞肯定句)few(用於可數名詞否定句)alittle(用於不可數名詞肯定句)little(用於不可數名詞否定句)many(用於可數名詞)much(用於不可數名詞)bit(可數與不可數兩者均可
② 八年級英語上冊2d語法句子翻譯
We will pay a visit to the old people's home this Sunday. We'll have to meet at the school gate at 8:30 on Sunday morning and then go there by bus. There we will do some cleaning and tidy the rooms. After that we will have many activities, such as singing, dancing, telling stories and chatting to cheer up the old. Before we leave, we'll give our presents to them. I hope all of us can take an active part. Through the meaningful activity, we can learn to care for the old.
本星期日我們將拜訪老百姓家。我們要在星期日早晨8:30在學校門口集合,然後乘公共汽車去那兒。我們會做一些清潔和整理房間。之後,我們將有許多活動,如唱歌,跳舞,講故事和聊天,使老。在我們離開之前,我們會給他們禮物。我希望我們大家都能積極參與。通過有意義的活動,我們可以學會照顧老。
③ 八年級上冊英語語法
郵箱給我,太多了。
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai? 你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2.用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有顏色)你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜愛哪一種顏色?(有特定的范圍)
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如: Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)usually(通常)often(經常)sometimes(有時候)never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike. 有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day. 我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞Main Verb)。助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用。例如:He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:Do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如: I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘記要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經關了燈了。( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do記得去做某事(未做);
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞。如:
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice.(通順,所以應用of)。He is hard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1. Who has three pens? 2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have? 4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
④ 八年級上英語語法
一般現在時 The Simple Present Tense
一般現在時表示現在的狀態
He is twelve. 他十二歲。
They are at home. 他們在家。
表示經常性或習慣性的動作
I go to school at seven every day.
He plays soccer on Sundays.
表示主語具備的性格和能力等
She likes apples.
They speak Japanese.
She is medium build.
肯定式
I am a cleaner.
You are right.
He / She / It is here.
We / You / They are outgoing
否定式
I am not a…
You are not…
He / She / It is not…
We / You / They are not…
否定式和疑問式
We go to school at seven every day.
We don』t go to school at seven.
Do you go to school at seven?
Yes, we do.(No, we don』t.)
否定式和疑問式
He goes to school at seven every day.
He doesn』t go to school at seven.
Does he go to school at seven?
Yes, he does.(No, he doesn』t.)
一般現在時常和表示時間頻度的副詞連用。
如:
often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。
1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike?
3. He doesn』t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
一般現在時常和以下時間表達法連用。
如:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。
Do they have math in the morning?
She sleeps nine hours every night.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
They don』t have classes on Sundays.
動詞第三人稱單數的構成:
1、直接加--s
look—looks read—reads
play—plays stop—stops
2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o後加--es
miss—misses fix—fixes
watch—watches wash—washes
go—goes do--does
3. 輔音字母加y結尾的動詞去y為i,再加--es
carry – carries study – studies
hurry – hurries cry – cries
4.特殊的
have -- has
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(二)
【語法聚焦】
看病需要和醫生交流,這是英語口語中必不可少的內容。從醫生詢問病情,病人訴說病情,到醫生檢查、診斷和醫囑,這些環節最常用的語句,同學們必須掌握。
一、醫生詢問病情的常用語句:
1. What's wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎麼了?
What's your trouble, young man? 年輕人, 你哪裡不舒服?
When did it start? 從何時開始生病的?
2. How are you (feeling) now? 你現在覺得怎麼樣?
Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了嗎?
3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你頭痛/咳嗽嗎?
4. When did you feel unwell? 你什麼時候覺得不舒服的?
5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何時開始的?
6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好嗎?
Do you feel tired? 你覺得疲勞嗎?
7. How long have you been like this? 你像這樣有多久了?
8. Did you eat anything for breakfast? 你早飯吃了什麼沒有?
二、病人訴說病情的常用語句:
1. I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
2. I have (got) a headache. 我頭痛。
I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。
I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我後背痛。
There's something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。
3. I feel terrible. 我感到很難受。
I feel even worse. 我感到情況更糟了.
4. I don't feel like eating anything. 我什麼都不想吃.
5. I dream too much. 我的夢特別多.
I can't fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不著.
6. It began two days ago. 兩天前開始的.
7. I don't feel any better now. 我感覺沒有什麼好轉.
8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午飯我吃的是面條.
三、醫生檢查、診斷和治療的常用語句:
1. Open your mouth and say "Ah---'. 張嘴說 "啊---- ".
2. Let me take your temperature. 讓我給你量量體溫.
3. There's nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你沒什麼大問題.
4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒.
5. You have to be in hospital. 你得住院.
6. You'd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床幾天.
You'd better not eat too much sugar. 你最好別吃太多的糖.
Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, you'll feel much healthier.
少吃些,多鍛煉,不久你的身體就會健康得多.
Drink more water. 多喝水.
You should drink a lot of water. 你應該多喝水。
Have a good rest. 好好休息.
7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 這些葯每次服一片,每天兩次.
Take the medicine after meals. 飯後服葯.
8. You'll soon be all right. 你很快就會康復的.
I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就會好起來。
Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡覺前盡量放鬆一下。
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(三)
【語法聚焦】
一、用現在進行時表示將要發生的動作,例如:
1. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准備干什麼?
I'm visiting my grandmother. 我准備去看我的奶奶。
When are you going? 你想什麼時候去?
What's she doing for vacation? 她假期准備干什麼?
She is going camping. 她打算去野營。
What are they doing for vacation? 他們假期准備干什麼?
They are relaxing at home. 他們打算在家裡放鬆一下。
2.還有一些動詞的現在進行時形式表示將要發生的動作:
leave, come, stay,hike等。
例如:
1) My father is leaving for Shanghai next week.
我父親下周要動身去上海。
2) A: Mary! Supper is ready. 瑪麗!晚飯好了。
B: I'm coming, mum. 媽媽,我馬上就來。
3) A: What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准備干什麼?
B: I'm going hiking in the mountains. 我准備去山裡遠足。
4) I'm staying home to do my homework next Sunday.
下個星期天我准備待在家裡做作業。
二、課文注釋
1. go fishing 去釣魚
同樣的用法還有:
go shopping 去購物
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(四)
【語法聚焦】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.花費某人某些時間去做某事; 例如:
It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.
人們花了很多時間才到了那座大山。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.
每天早晨我步行到學校要花費二十分鍾。
It will take three hours to finish the work.
完成那項工作需要花費三個小時。
2.動詞take還有其他詞義;例如:
1)得到;獲得
You have to take it as you find it.
對這個你只得將就些算了。
2)拿;握住;抓住
The mother took her child by the hand.
母親拉著孩子的手。
3)取走,拿走
Take this shopping home.
把這件買的東西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like.
這里的食品都是免費的,你們隨便吃吧。
Who has taken my chocolate?
誰拿了我的巧克力?
4)乘,坐,搭(車、船)
Shall we go by bus or take a cab?
我們是乘公共汽車去還是乘出租汽車去?
to take a bus to work
乘公共汽車上班
5)吃;喝;服用;吸入
Take your medicine. 把葯服下。
6)進行;作;為
to take a walk 散步
If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat.
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(五)
1. have to與情態動詞的區別
情態動詞不能單獨作謂語,後面必須接動詞原形一起構成謂語,have to也是這樣。
情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,而且所用的時態也受到一定的限制,但是have to有人稱和數的變化,可用於多種時態中,在一般現在時中,當主語是第三人稱單數時,要用has to,其餘人稱用have to;一般過去時中用had to;一般將來時中用will have to,例如:
She has to go to school by bus.
她不得不乘公共汽車去上學。
If you get ill, you'll have to see the doctor.
如果你生病的話,你就得看醫生。
2. have to與must的區別
have to和must都有「必須」的意思,那麼它們有哪些不同呢?
(1)含義和用法上的區別:
have to強調客觀上需要做某事,即表示外界條件的需要不得不做某事,含有「形勢逼迫」的意味;must強調說話者主觀上認為必須做某事,含有「主觀判斷」的意味,例如:
My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.
我的自行車在上學的路上壞了,我不得不走路去上學。
(我本來不願意走路,可是自行車壞了,不想走路也不行。)
We must learn English well.
我們必須學好英語。(主觀上有這種想法。)
(2)否定式的區別:
have to的否定式意為「不必」,must的否定式意為「禁止;不允許」。因此,以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答為「Yes,主語+must」,否定回答為「No,主語+needn't / don't have to」。例如:
---Must I finish the homework now?我必須現在完成作業嗎?
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn't / don't have to)是的,你必須現在完成。(不,你不必。)
3.反意疑問句的構成區別:
(1)陳述部分含有have to時,其附加問句的謂語往往用助動詞do的相應形式或助動詞will。例如:
You had to go shopping yesterday, didn't you?
昨天你不得不去購物,是嗎?
(2)陳述部分含有must時,其附加問句的謂語,按下面幾種情況來確定:
A. must意為「必須」時,附加問句謂語用needn't。例如:
We must clean the room, needn't we?我們必須打掃房間,是嗎?
B. mustn't意為「禁止」之意,附加問句謂語用must。例如:
The boy mustn't play with the knife, must he?
那個男孩不能玩刀子,對嗎?
C. must意為「應該」時,附加問句謂語用mustn't。例如:
We must help each other, mustn't we?我們應該互相幫助,對嗎?
D. must意為「一定;想必」表示推測時,附加問句部分謂語要根據must後面的動詞來確定。例如:
Mr Wang must be at home, isn't he?王先生一定在家,對嗎?
註:
must表示的是一種相當肯定的與事實非常接近的推測。例如:
Mr Wang must be at home.其實就相當於Mr Wang is at home.
因此,它的反意疑問句的附加問句部分是isn't he也就很容易理解了。
又如:They must be right, aren't they?
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(六)
1) 形容詞的作用
形容詞在句子中一般充當表語、定語和賓語補足語,如:
Our school looks very beautiful. (表語)
There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定語)
Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (賓語補足語)
2) 形容詞的級別
形容詞有三種級別,即原級、比較級和最高級。當討論的對象是一個時應使用原級,當討論的對象是兩個時應使用比較級,當討論的對象在三個或更多時應使用最高級。
在形容詞原級後面加上er就成為比較級,在原級後加上est就成為最高級。一般的單音節形容詞直接加er或est,詞尾是不發音字母e的只加r或st,重讀閉音節應雙寫詞尾輔音字母再加er或est,如:
long—longer—longest,
nice—nicer—nicest,
big—bigger—biggest。
以輔音字母加y為結尾的雙音節形容詞應將y改為i再加上er或est,如:
early—earlier—earliest,
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest,
busy—busier—busiest。
多音節的形容詞比較級應在前面加上more,最高級應在前面加上most, 如:
important—more important—most important,
difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
有些特殊的形容詞有自己的變化規律, 如:
good/well—better—best, bad/badly—worse—worst,
many/much—more—most, little—less—least,
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
形容詞的比較級句型應使用連詞than或or,如:
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
上海的天氣比北京的天氣熱.
Which subject is more important, English or math?
英語和數學, 哪個學科更重要?
形容詞的最高級前應加上定冠詞the,句型中應給出比較范圍,如:
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
長江是中國最長的河流.
The third truck carries the most books of all.
第三輛卡車在所有的卡車中載書最多.
兩個人或物比較時,如果只說明兩者相同或不同,則可使用as...as...句型,否定句為not as (so)...as...句型,這里形容詞仍使用原級,如:
Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生年齡一樣大.
Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生的年齡不一樣大.
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(七)
1. 現在進行時表示將來
當一個句子的意思涉及一個計劃好的事件或者明確的意圖時, 用現在進行時可以表示將來時間. 現在進行時的將來意義或者通過時間副詞或者通過上下文來暗示出來.
現在進行時表將來時常有「意圖」,「安排」(但不是固定不變的)或「打算」的含義。這種現在進行時比較生動,給人一種期待感,它常表示最近或較近的將來。所用動詞多是轉移動詞,如:
1) Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
2) A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine.
We are going shopping.
Would you like to come along?
2. 一般將來時和be going to 表示將來
1) 當說話人在做一個預測時, (他或她認為將來會發生或出現某種情況), will 和be going to都是可以用的.
2) 表達一種事先計劃或打算時( 說話人打算在將來做某事因為在過去他或她已制定了一個計劃或決定去做這件事),只能用be going to.
3) 表達意願時, 只能用will.
⑤ 八年級全冊英語語法
上冊
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法:if 引導的條件狀語從句
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
希望能幫到你
⑥ 八年級上冊英語語法
記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈!
現在進行時
過去式
比較級
最高級
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句:-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法:
結構:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句, 即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞:
1) Who:誰。做主語,用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關系,如果做定語,一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞:
When:何時,詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地,詢問地點, Where do you come from?
Why為什麼,詢問原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠,詢問距離, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞:表示動作發生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化,後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式,但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來,常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四.特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構:how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法:
Can 是最長用的情態動詞,其後跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can』t.
can表「能力」,意思是:能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態,常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許,意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等(用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型:
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化(課本P93)
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞,意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示「甚至,更加,還要……」even bigger還要大些,three times表示 「…三倍」,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一.可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型(當句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式
否定式:主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣,不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態,即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+(表語)+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引導的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是:
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度,包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點:(1)情態動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語,且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時,直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為「能,會,可以。」can』t, 意為「不能,不會,不可以。」,還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
⑦ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結(全部)!
一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是這樣的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法:
結構:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句, 即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞:
1) Who:誰。做主語,用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關系,如果做定語,一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞:
When:何時,詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地,詢問地點, Where do you come from?
Why為什麼,詢問原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠,詢問距離, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞:表示動作發生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化,後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式,但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來,常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四.特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構:how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法:
Can 是最長用的情態動詞,其後跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can』t.
can表「能力」,意思是:能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態,常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許,意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等(用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型:
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化(課本P93)
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞,意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示「甚至,更加,還要……」even bigger還要大些,three times表示 「…三倍」,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一.可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型(當句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式
否定式:主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣,不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態,即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+(表語)+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引導的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是:
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度,包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點:(1)情態動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語,且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時,直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為「能,會,可以。」can』t, 意為「不能,不會,不可以。」,還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧!