① 英語書八年級下冊書第二單元所有語法內容
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點詞彙:play v. 播放
loud adj. 高聲的;大聲的
argue v. 爭論,爭吵wrong adj. 錯誤的;有毛病的;不適合的could v. can的過去式ticket n. 票,入場券 v. 使驚奇;使意外other adj. 其他的;另外的except prep. 除;把……除外fail v. 失敗 football n. 足球 until prep. 到……為止
fit v. 適合,適應 include v. 包括;包含send v. 發送,寄 themselves pron. 他們自己(反身代詞)freedom n. 自由
重點片語及句型:
1. argue with sb. 與某人爭論/辯論
2. have an argument with sb. 與某人發生爭論
3. out of style 不時髦的
4. in style 時髦的
5. keep out 不讓……進入
6. call sb. up 打電話給……
7. on the phone 用電話交談
8. pay for 付款
9. part-time job 兼職工作
10. Teen Talk 青少年論壇
11. the same as 與……同樣的12. get on well with... 與……相處地好13. as much as possible 盡可能多14. all kinds of 各種各樣的15. on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面16. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物17. find out 找出18. be popular at school 在學校受歡迎19. except me 除了我20. have a quick supper 很快地吃晚餐21. not…until 直到……才22. try to do 盡力去做23. complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事24. seem to do… 好像……25. comparing…with… 把……與……做比較26. think for 為……著想27. find it + adj.+ to do sth. 發現做某事很……28. learn to do 學會做某事 29. have a fight with 與……打架
30. write sb. a letter 給某人寫信 31. a ticket to a ball game 一場球賽的票
32. surprise sb. 使……驚訝 33. buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物
34. have no idea 不知道 35. have the same haircut 有同樣的發型
36. get a tutor 請家教 37. need to do 需要去做
38. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人去做某事 39. leave sth. at home 把某物落在家裡
40. fail (in) sth. 做某事失敗 41. be the same as 與……相同的
42. return sth. 歸還某物 43. look up…in a dictionary 在字典中查找……
44. be/feel under (too much) pressure 感覺處於(太多的)壓力之下
45. take sb. from 名詞 to 名詞 把某人從一個地方帶到另一個地方
46. fit as much as possible into their kids lives 盡可能多地充實到孩子們的生活中來
47. nothing new 屢見不鮮 48. push sb hard 厲害地強迫某人
49. be always doing 總是在做某事
50. plan to do 計劃做某事
51. start from a very young age 從很小的年齡開始
日常用語:學慣用於表達建議的句子結構:1. ---What should I do? ---You could write him a letter.2. --- What should he do? --- Maybe he should say he's sorry.3. --- What should they do? --- They shouldn't argue.4. What』s the matter? / What』s wrong?5. Why don』t you talk to him about it?
片語短語詳解:
1. Keep out! 禁止入內
祈使句,意為:「不準入內!」指「關在門外,不準入內。」
Keep sth. adj.
2. My brother plays his CDs too loud. 我哥哥把他的唱片聲音放得太大。
Play:
播放。 e.g. Please play the tape again. 請再放一邊磁帶。
演奏,彈奏 e.g. I can play the violin, too. 我也會拉小提琴。
玩,打,踢 e.g. play football/bolleyball…
劇本,n. e.g. TV play 電視劇 watch the play 看戲
3. I don』t have enough money. 我沒有足夠的錢
Enough修飾n.放在前面 e.g. enough money
Enough修飾adj.放在後面 e.g. good enough
【考例】He is old ______ to go to school. A. much B. many C. enough D. more
【答案與解析】C。本題中old enough 表示年齡足夠大。故本題選C。
4. I argue with my best friend. 我與我最好的朋友發生了爭執。
Argue v. 爭辯,爭論,辯論
Argue with sb. 與某人辯論
Argue on/about sth. 爭論,辯論某事
e.g. They are arguing about playing computer games.
【拓展】argue about sth. 意為「為某事而爭論」。argument 是argue的名詞形式,have an argument with sb.相當於argue with sb.。e.g. I don't want to argue about the houtse with you. 我不想和你為房子的事爭論。 You shouldn't have an argument with your parents about the bike. 你不應該為了自行車的事和你父母爭吵。【考例】I _______my parents about my hairstyle yesterday evening.A. play B. argue with C. argued with D. to argue with 【答案與解析】C。本題中argue with sb.意為「與……爭吵,爭論」。又因為時間狀語是yesterday evening,表示過去的時間,要用一般過去時態,故本題選C。
5. My clothes are out of style. 我的衣服過時了。
Out of style
In style
【考例】I don』t think my clothes are______. A. be out of style B. out of style C. out fashion D. to out of style 【答案與解析】B。本題中be out of style / fashion表示「過時」、「不合乎時尚」。因句中已有are,故本題選B。
6. Maybe you should buy some new clothes. 也許你應當買一些新衣服。
Maybe 與 may be
e.g. Maybe you put it there. 也許你把它放在那裡了。
It may be a hat. = May be it is a hat. 它也許是頂帽子。
7. You could write him a letter. 你可以給他寫封信。
Write sb. A letter = write to sb. 給某人寫一封信
寫信給某人:write to sb.
收到某人的來信:hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.
8. Maybe you should call him up. 也許你應當給他打電話。
Call sb. Up = ring sb. Up = make a telephone call to sb. = give sb. A call/ring給某人打電話
【拓展】maybe 不同於 may be。 maybe 是一個詞,是副詞,may be 是情態動詞may加上動詞原形be,意為「或許」,後接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。例如:It may be true. He may be the man we are looking for.(2)call sb. up 打電話給某人可以與名詞、代詞連用。連接代詞時,把代詞放在 call 與 up 之間。例如:Please call me up. Don』t forget to call up your uncle. I'll call her up this afternoon.【考例】_______you are right. A. Maybe B. Might C. May be D. Might to
【答案與解析】A。本題中maybe不同於may be。 maybe 是一個詞,是副詞,may be是情態動詞may加上動詞原形be,意為「或許」,後接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。故本題選A。
9. A ticket to a ball game 一張球賽的票
A key to a door
An answer to a question
10. I don』t want to surprise him. 我不想使他吃驚。
Surprise v. 使驚奇;使差異;使感到意外。其後可接名詞或代詞作賓語。
e.g. You surprise me! 你嚇了我一跳!
His words surprised my mother a lot. 他的話使我母親大吃一驚。
Be surprised at… 對……感到吃驚
e.g. We are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個消息,我們非常吃驚。
【拓展】surprised adj. 驚訝的 surprising adj. 令人驚訝的例如:I'm surprised to hear the news. It's a surprising gift, and I love it.【考例】I was__________ when I saw her.A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise D. to surprise
【答案與解析】B。本題中surprised adj.驚訝的;surprising adj.令人驚訝的。故本題選B。
11. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. 我需要得到一些錢以支付夏令營的費用。
(1)need是個情態動詞,也可以是行為動詞。▲當它是情態動詞時,後邊直接加行為動詞,表示「需要」,但need作情態動詞時一般不用於肯定句。它一般用於否定句和疑問句中,例如:① You need repeat it. 你需要重復它。② Need I repeat it? 我有必要重復它嗎?簡略回答為:Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
(2)【拓展】(sb.)pay(money)for sth. 為……而付款(sb.)spend(money)on sth. 在……上花多少錢(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值……錢這三個短語都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是「人」,主語為人,而cost指的是「物」,主語為「物」。例如說「他昨天花20元買了一本書」。用以上三個短語分別為:① He paid 20 yuan for the book yesterday. 他昨天為這本書付了20元錢。② He spent 20 yuan on the book yesterday. 他昨天花了20元錢(買)這本書。③ The book cost him 20 yuan yesterday. 這本書花了他20元錢。注意以上三個動詞的動詞過去式為:pay - paid; spend - spent; cost - cost【考例】--- I』ve got a new book. --- How much did you _______it? A. buy B. spend C. pay for D. cost 【答案與解析】C。(sb.)pay(money)for sth. 為……而付款,(sb.)spend(money)on sth. 在……上花多少錢,(sth.)cost sb.(money) ……值多少錢 故本題選C。
12. I have an idea. You could borrow some money from your brother. 我有一個主意,你可以像你哥哥借一些錢。
Idea n. 主意,念頭
e.g. He has a good idea. 他有個好主意。
注意:
I have no idea. = I don』t know. 我不知道
Borrow與lend
borrow sth from sb. 從誰那裡借什麼東西。
Lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. Sth.
borrow 與 lend 的區別: borrow 借來 lend 借給【考例】Han Mei _________ a book from the library a week ago. A. lent B. returned C. borrowedD. wanted
【答案與解析】C。本題考查borrow 與lend 的區別。borrow 借來;lend 借給。本題的意思是從圖書館借書。故本題選C。
13. No, he doesn』t have any money, either. 不,他也沒有錢。
Either adv. 用於否定句中,表示「也」
e.g. You haven』t read that book. I haven』t read it, either.
Either, too, also
e.g. My mother hasn』t been to Beijing. My father hasn』t been there, either.
That woman is a teacher, too.
I, too, have been to London.
We also play football.
【考例】He doesn't like swimming, and he doesn't like boating,_____. A. neither B. too C. another D. either
【答案與解析】D。本題中either作副詞,用在否定句或否定片語後加強語氣,表示「也,而且」。而neither用於肯定句中。too用於三者或三者以上。故本題選D。
14. I think you should ask your parents for some money. 我想你應當向你的父母要一些錢。
Ask… for… 向……要……;
Ask for… 索要,要求得到……
e.g. He asked for time to thind all this over. 他要求給他時間把這一切好好想想。
He asked me for some money. 他想我要了些錢。
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/請求某人(不要)做某事
Ask for leave 請假
15. Have a bake sale. 賣燒烤
16. I need some money to buy gifts for my family. 我需要一些錢為我的家人買禮物
Buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. to sb.
17. They are original. 它們很新穎
Original adj. 新穎的,獨創的,原始的,最早的
e.g. original ideas 新思想
an original edition 原版
the original plan 原計劃
He is an original composer. 他是一位富有獨創力的作曲家。
18. They are inexpensive. 它們不貴。
Cheap 與 inexpensive
Cheap往往意味著質量差,指價錢便宜的或因質量差而價格低的。
Inexpensive指物美價廉的,價值與價格相比而便宜的,表示「價格公道的,不貴的」
19. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend, and they didn』t invite me. 可是我剛剛發現我的朋友們正計劃給我最好的朋友舉辦生日聚會,而他們沒有邀請我。
Just adv.
剛才,剛剛
e.g. They have just left there. 他們剛剛離開這。
僅僅,只是
e.g. Don』t scold him. He is just a child. 別責備他,他只是個孩子。
後接名詞,名詞短語或句子,意為「正好,恰好」
e.g. It was just four o』clock when we got home. 我們到家時剛好4點鍾。
註:
just now 剛才,不久以前
e.g. I saw our teacher just now. 剛才我看到我們的老師了。
Just then 正(就)在那時
e.g. Just then he came out of the room. 就在那是他從房間走了出來。
20. Find out 找出,發現,查處(真相等)
e.g. Please find out where they live. 請查處他們住在哪兒。
Find ,look for ,find out
Find 意為「找到,發現」,通常指找到或發現具體的東西,也可指偶然發現某物或某種情況,強調的是「找的結果」
e.g. He didn』t find his bike. 他沒找到他的自行車。
Look for 意為「尋找」,是有目的地找,強調「尋找」這一動作
e.g. I can』t find my pen. I』m looking for it everywhere.我的鋼筆不見了,我正在到處找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
Find out 意為「找出,發現,查明」,多指通過調查、詢問、打聽、研究之後「搞清楚,弄明白」,通常含有「經過困難曲折」的含義,指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。
e.g. Please find out when the train leaves. 請查一下火車什麼時候離站。
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question. 讀這篇短文,找出這個問題的答案。
21. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外,我們班其他人都被邀請了。
except 是介詞,表示「除了……之外」;besides 強調「除了,還有……」例如:Except Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.除麗麗外我們教室里還有42個人。Besides Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.表示麗麗也在教室,教室里有42個人。【考例】I looked for my pen everywhere _______ there. A. except B. but C. except for D. besides【答案與解析】A。本題考查 except 與 besides 的區別。except 是介詞,表示「除了……」;besides 強調「除了,還有……」。故本題選A。
22. You left your homework at home. 你把作業忘在家裡了。
leave 遺忘,留下,忘帶 例如:The old man left his pocket on the bus. 那位老人把錢包忘在了公交車上。【考例】I ______ my pen in my classroom. A. left B. leave C. forget D. forgot
【答案與解析】A。本題考查leave sth.+ 地點。這一結構。故本題選A。
23. My cousin is the same age as me. She』s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things. 我的表妹與我同歲。她確實很好,並且我們相處得很好,可她總是借我的東西。
The same age as…
Get on well 相處得好
Get on well with … 與……相處融洽、相處得好
e.g. We get on well with each other. 我們彼此相處融洽。
How do you get on with your new classmates? 你和你的新同學相處得怎麼樣?
註:Get on with 還可以表示「在某方面的進展情況」
e.g. How are you getting on with your English studies? 你的英語學習情況如何?
【考例】He wears the same clothes_____I do. A. like B. as C. on D. in
【答案與解析】B。本題考查the same as…… 意思是「與……一樣」。這一結構。故本題選B。
【考例】I get on well______ my cousin. A. on B. with C. in D. at
【答案與解析】B。本題考查固定搭配get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽。故本題選B。
24. I don』t want to have a fight with my cousin, because she is my best friend.
Havea fight with sb. = fight with sb. = fight against sb.
e.g. We can』t have a fight with each other at school. 在學校我們不能相互打架
25. Could you give some advice?
Give sb. Some advice
A piece of advice
e.g. The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.
26. The tired children don』t get home until 7 p.m. 疲憊的孩子們知道晚上7點才到家。
Not … until …
27. The Taylors are like many American and British parents. 泰勒夫婦像許多美國和英國的父母一樣。
The taylors泰勒夫婦,泰勒一家人。姓的附屬前加定冠詞the,表示「***一家人」或「***夫婦二人」
e.g. The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家正在吃飯
28. Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.
Know about… 了解,知道……的情況
e.g. I happened to know about him.
② 初二英語上冊第二單元語法聚焦翻譯
人教版的嗎
你周末通常做什麼?我總是運動
他們周末做什麼?他們一般幫助做家務
她周末做什麼?她有時去購物
你多久看一次電影?我大概一月一次
他多久看一次電視?他從不看電視
你購物嗎?不,我從不購物
③ 八下英語書第二單元的2d和語法框翻譯
2d 分角色表演對話。
海倫:你好,湯姆。我在制訂計劃,今年夏天要在養老工作。
湯姆:真的嗎?我去年夏天在那裡工作了!
海倫:哦,他們叫你幫忙做什麼了?
湯姆:嗯……像為老人讀報紙,或只是跟他們談話之類的事情。他們給我講一些有關過去的故事和以前的情況。
海倫:那聽起來很有趣。
湯姆:是的,很多老人很孤獨。我們應該傾聽他們並關心他們。
海倫:你說得對。我的意思是,有一天我們也都會變老的。
語法聚焦
我想幫助無家可歸的人。
你可以請求醫院讓你去看望孩子們,讓他們振作起來。
她自願一去周去那裡一次幫助孩子們學習閱讀。
她決定嘗試參加一個志願者課外閱讀項目。
馬里奧認為,這可以幫助他得到未來夢想的工作。
我在製作-些標牌 張貼在學校周圍。
④ 初二下冊英語(人教版)的語法
一、被動語態概述
語態是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態共有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式,一般說來,只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。
如:
Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態)
Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態)
二、被動語態的構成
被動語態由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態的時態變化只改變be的形式,過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。
1、被動語態的時態較常見的八種,現以動詞clean為例列表說明:
2、被動語態的句式變化:
以一般現在時和動詞invite為例,列表說明被動語態的句式變化:
3、含有情態動詞的被動語態
情態動詞的被動語態結構為:情態動詞+be+過去分詞;其時態及句型的變化僅由情態動詞完成,"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如:
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭製造。
.那時桌子可由石頭製造。(一般過去時)
Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭製造嗎?(疑問句)
三、主動語態變為被動語態
轉換圖示:
1、主動語態變為被動語態的步驟:
(1)將主動句的賓語變為主語:
注意:如果主動句的賓語是代詞,需將其由賓格變為主格。如:
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
(2)將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。
注意:Theyheldameetingyesterday.→.他們昨天開會了。
(3)將主動語態的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞後。
注意:如果原主語是代詞,則應由主格變為賓格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主動語態變為被動語態的注意事項:
含有雙賓語,即直接賓語(常指事物)和間接賓語(常指人)的句子,每個賓語都可變為被動語態的主語,即其被動語態有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。
Jacktolsthetruth.傑克告訴了我們真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.
四、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意
系動詞無被動語態:以主動形式表示被動之意
常見的系動詞有:
①be動詞
②……起來(7個):look/seem/appear,feel(感覺,摸起來),sound,smell,taste
e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.
③(逐漸)變得/變成:become,grow,get,turn,come,go
e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.
.
Thetreeisgrowingtall.
④保持:keep,stay
e.g..
五、下列動詞(片語)沒有被動式:
1、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take
2、不及物動詞sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等,常用主動形式表示被動意義。
○1、.(×)昨天發生了一起事故。
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.
○2、Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。
○3、Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。
○4、Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。
○5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布很容易洗。
○6、Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來很好。
○7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八點鍾營業。
○8、Thedoorwon'tclose/shut.這門關不上。
○9、Thedoorlockseasily.這門容易鎖。
○10、Thismaterialwearswell(won'twear).這種材料耐久(不耐久)
望採納!!謝謝!!!
⑤ 初二英語下冊重點語法、句型歸納總結
下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)
8種常用時態的被動語態
由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。
使用被動語態「六注意」
一要注意被動語態的不同時態
被動語態由「be+過去分詞」,其中的助動詞 be 根據情況可使用各種不同時態。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現在進行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現在完成時)
二要注意帶情態動詞的被動語態
該結構的基本形式為「情態動詞+be(或be的適當形式)+過去分詞」。這類結構非常有可能作為語境題出現在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn』t have been told about it. 這事是不應當告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態。由「to be+過去分詞」構成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態。由「to have been+過去分詞」構成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結果早點告訴我的。
3. 現在分詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
4. 現在分詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I』ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做准備。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Jenny』s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 傑妮沒受過舞蹈的專業訓練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令後,我開始信心十足了。
註:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
四要注意「get+過去分詞」構成的被動語態
英語被動語態通常由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,有時也可用「get+過去分詞」構成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但總的說來,用get構成的被動語態不如用be構成的被動語態常見,尤其是在含有施動者的by短語時,用get構成被動語態更是少見。不過有時用be+過去分詞構成被動語態構成誤解時,人們可能會選get+過去分詞來避免這種誤解:
The window was broken. 窗戶破了(表狀態)。/ 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
The window got broken. 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
五要注意哪些動詞不用於被動語態
1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用於被動語態則沒有主語,故不能用於被動語態。但是值得注意的是,有些英語中的不及物動詞,譯成漢語時卻可能是「及物」的,很容易出錯,這類動詞如:take place(發生),happen(發生),come about(發生),break out(爆發),appear(出現),disappear(消失),last(持續),arise(出現,發生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。
2. 英語中的靜態動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用於被動語態:
The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。
英語不用被動語態幾種的情形
1.謂語為連系動詞時,不用被動語態。如:He looked fine. 他氣色好。The food tastes delicious. 這食物味道很好。
2. 謂語為不及物動詞(短語)時,不用被動語態。如:The war broke out in the end. 戰爭終於爆發了。
3. 賓語為不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句,表示主語的一些想法、愛好或願望時,一般不用被動語態。如:
He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We should help each other. 我們應該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他對自己想得太多。
5. 賓語是處所、地點時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。
6. 謂語部分(動詞與賓語) 是一個不可分割的動詞短語時,一般不用被動語態。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用於被動語態的靜態動詞
那裡的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 誤:Food is lacked by people there.
從形式上看,第2句是第1句的相應的被動形式,既然第1句為正句,那麼第2句從理論上說應該是成立的。而事實上第2句卻是個錯句。
在英語中,並不是所有的及物動詞都可以用於被動語態的,有些動詞(尤其是那些靜態動詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語,但卻不用於被動語態,這種動詞考生容易弄錯,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台電腦。正:He has a computer.誤:A computer is had by him.
他當時正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 誤:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。正:My shoes don』t fit me. 誤:I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意兩類被動句型的相互轉換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
It』s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現,一類是「it+be+過去分詞+that從句」,另一類則是「主語+be+過去分詞+不定式」(其中的「主語」為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通常可用於這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化):
It』s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。
表示「據說」的三類被動句型
⑥ 初二下冊英語知識歸納(語法,短語。。。)
need to do sth需要做某事(人做主語)
need doing sth需要做某事(物做主語)
hear sb do sth聽到某人做過某事
hear sb doing sth聽到某人正在做某事
hear of +sb/sth聽到或知道某人某物
hear about +sth聽到關於某事物的消息
hear from sb 收到某人來信
stop to do sth停下來去做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
go on to do sth接著去做某事
go on doing sth繼續做某事
remember to do sth記住去做某事
remember doing sth記住做過某事
forget to do sth忘記去做某事
forget doing sth忘記做過某事
be angry with sb對某人生氣
be angry at sth對某事很生氣
like to do sth喜歡做某事(強調一次性的動作)
like doing sth喜歡做某事(泛指長期性習慣性地)
hate to do sth討厭做某事(強調一次性的動作)
hate doing sth討厭做某事(泛指長期性習慣性地)
refuse to do sth拒絕做某事
try to do sth設法或努力去做某事
try doing sth嘗試著做某事
be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
be afraid of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事
warn sb of/about sth警告某人
warn sb (not)to do sth警告某人(不要)做某事
learn to do sth學習做某事
agree to do sth同意做某事
hope/wish to do sth希望做某事
decide to do sth決定做某事
begin/start to do sth開始做某事
in the end=at last=finally最後
sth happen to sb某事發生在某人身上
give an interview接受采訪
make sb+adj\do sth使某人……\讓某人做某事
be\become interested in sth/doing sth對……感興趣
win取勝(比賽)
beat打敗(人)
interested 有趣的(修飾人)
interesting有趣的(修飾物)
exciting激動人心的(修飾物)
excited激動人心的(修飾人)
relaxing放鬆的(修飾物)
relaxed放鬆的(修飾人)
surpised驚奇的(修飾人)
surpising驚奇的(修飾物)
be made from由…製成(看不出原材料)
be made of由…製成(看得出原材料)
see/hear sb do sth 看到/聽見某人做某事
want to do sth=would like to do sth想要做某事
would like sth想要某物
would like sb to do sth想要/願意某人做某事
too much太多
much too非常
be dangerous ……是危險的
be in danger ……處於危險中
in the dangerous陷入困境
in dangerous瀕危滅絕
take up占據時間或空間
tidy up收拾 整理
look after=take care of照顧
help sb(to) do/with sth幫助某人做某事
spend…on/doing sth花時間/金錢干某事
as a result of= because of因為 由於
come out出版 發行 發芽 開花 出來
hold the line=hold on for a moment=wait for a moment稍等,別掛電
right now=at the moment=now 現在
right now=right away=at once立刻,馬上
invite sb to do sth邀請某人做某事
invite sb to sw 邀請某人去某地
good luck with sth祝某事物好運
good luck to sb 祝某人好運
a couple of 幾個兩個 表示同類的物體但不是成對的
a pair of 表示成雙成對的
in fact=actually事實上
by the way 順便說一聲
far away 遙遠的
far(away)from 離……遠
alone獨自一人的(表狀態)
lonely寂寞的(表感覺)
after all 畢竟
be afraid to do sth=be afraid of (doing)sth害怕(做)某事
make friends with 與某人交朋友
worry about=be worried about擔心 擔憂
don't mention it=you're welcome=That'okay=That'all right=Not at all 不客氣
look out=be carefully=look out for小心
look out of朝……外看
look for尋找
look like看上去像
look forward to 盼望
look up查找
look after=take care of照顧
look over檢查身體
look through瀏覽
look down on(upon)輕視 看不起
look around/round四處看看
look like …看起來像…(比較的人或物分別放在前後作主語和賓語)
look the same …看起來像(比較的人或物都放在前面作主語)
as if好像(後面接句子)
be on上演
thank you for……=thanks for因…而感謝
ask for job 求職
once a week一周一次
use…for… 用…來做…
take off卸下、起飛、脫下、休假
land in降落
put on穿上
turn off/out 關上
turn on 打開
turn up開大一點
turn down開大一點
pick up 拿起
動詞+賓語+身體部位 攻擊某人身體部位
stay cool保持冷靜
stop talking 停止談話
be business 出差
rather…than… 寧可…也不…
steal one's sth偷某人某物
steal sth from sb偷某人某物
on one's way to在……路上
take sb around=show sb around帶領某人參觀某地
join=take part in參加
decide to do sth決定干某事
come this way 這邊走
the latest news最新消息
introce …to… 把……介紹給…
too …to… 太…而不能
prefer A to B AB之間更喜歡A
connect A to/with B 把A與B連接
so that為了 表目的
so…that…如此…以至於
neither…or…兩者都不
either…or…兩者都
not only …but also不但……而且
both …and…不但…而且…
appear出現
disappear消失
weather…or not是否
the end of ……末
the beginning of ……的開頭
at the end of 在……結尾
at the beginning of 在……開始
in the end of=at last=finally 最後
pocket momney零花錢
whatever無論什麼
whoever無論誰
whichever無論哪個
whenever無論何時
wherever無論何地
動名詞表達的是:狀態 性質 心境 抽象 經常性 已發生的
不定式表達的是:目的 結果 原因 具體 一次性 將發生的
may引導的疑問句當否定回答時may要變must
must引導的疑問句當否定回答時must要變need
it seem that 好像
an interesting place名勝
all together一起
rather A than B 不是 B而是A
keep doing sth堅持做某事
as a result of=because of 因為 由於
at the age of在……歲時
be late for干…遲到
keep(on) +動詞ing
enjoy+動詞ing
miss+動詞ing
finish+動詞ing
consider+動詞ing
suggest+動詞ing
practice+動詞ing
agree with同意
in person親自
talk about 談論
be proud of 以…自豪
in the background 在幕後
be able to do能夠、會做某事
among 在…中間(三者以上)
between在…中間(兩者之間)
in front of 在…前面(物體外)
in the front of在…前面(物體內)
think of sb/sth想起覺得
think about sb/sth考慮
take place發生 (非偶然或有計劃的)
happen發生 (偶然或突然性)
awake醒著的--asleep睡著的
have to不得不
hurry up趕快
in a hurry匆忙
hurry to +地點 趕往某地
break up 使粉碎 解散
make a mistake犯錯
make sure確認 確保 查明
except 除…以外(表示從整體中減去一部分)
except for 除…以外(把某一點除外)
besides 除…以外(表示並非真正排除)
true to life很逼真
face to face面對面
in one's opinion以某人的觀點
come on (燈)亮起來 加油
play a joke on sb 開玩笑在某人身上
play a joke with sb 和某人開玩笑
at the moment用於現在時表示"片刻"的意思,
用於過去時表示"那時"的意思
for a moment常與連續性動詞連用表示"一會兒,片刻"
for the moment常用於現在時意味"暫時、目前"
as…as you can盡可能…
find out找到…(通過探索觀察而發現事實的真相)
discover找到…(發現的對象本來是存在的只是以前不知道)
not at all一點兒也不
bring sth帶來某物
get virus中病毒
go wrong出毛病、壞掉.
climb out of爬出
take medicine吃葯
make sure確信、有把握
worry about擔心(表動作)
be worried=worry about
be worried about擔心(表狀態)
be worried about sb/sth擔心某人或某物
although雖然----but 但是(兩者不能連用)
because因為 ----so所以(兩者同樣不能連用)
pull sth off 成功做了某事(難事等)
pull down拆毀(建築)
pull through克服困難、共度難關
pull together控制(自己)感情
pull out 取出、(火車)離站
…day(s) of …天假
whole day整天
put away把……收起來
put out把火熄滅,把燈關上
put off推辭
put on穿上
put up with容忍,忍受
⑦ 八年級下冊英語2單元的單元總結(註:重點語法,歸納總結等)
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. argue with sb. 與某人爭吵
about/over sth. 為某事爭吵
2.out of style/danger 過時/脫離險境
in style/danger 時尚/處於危險之中
3.call up sb. (代詞放中間)給某人打電話
4.keep out 不讓…進入
5.What』s wrong? 怎麼啦?
6.be surprised at … 對…感到吃驚
7.borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那裡借入某物
8. needto do sth. (某人)需要做某事
doing sth. (某物)需要做某事
9.pay … for sth. 為某物付…(錢)
10.the same + n. + as… 與…一樣的n.
11 get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
12 have a fight with sb. 與某人爭吵
13.take part in 加入
14 plan sth. for sb. 為某人計劃某事
15.as much as possible 盡可能多的…
KP.
1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人為某物花了…錢。
Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…錢。
Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)在某事上。
(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)做某事。
It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(時間、金錢)做某事。
2. not … until 直到…才… (主句動詞是短暫性動詞)
until 一直到… (主句中使用延續性動詞)
3. leave
GF
情態動詞
1.情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化;
2 情態動詞不能直接做謂語,必須和一個動詞原形同時使用;
3.大多數情態動詞沒有時態的變化;
情態動詞加上be,通常表示猜測的語氣。
祝你學習進步,更上一層樓!請記得採納,謝謝!(*^__^*)
⑧ 八年級下冊英語Unit2語法
1. 簡單句、並列句和復合句
句子類型(Types of sentences)可以分為簡單句、並列句和復合句三種。
(1) 簡單句(The Simple Sentence):由一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)構成的句子。
e.g. ①I often get up at six in the morning. (一個主語、一個謂語)
② My mother and I often go shopping. (並列主語、一個謂語)
③Some students walk or ride bikes to school. (一個主語、並列謂語)
(2) 並列句(The Compound Sentence):由並列連詞(and, so, but, or等)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子。
e.g. ①She doesn』t like science, and she thinks it』s boring.
②Ed has a great sports collection, but he doesn』t play sports.
③School starts at eight, so I get up at six thirty.
④Hurry up, or you』ll be late.
(3) 復合句(The Complex Sentence):由一個主語和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。包括賓語從句、狀語從句等。
e.g. ①Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(when引導的時間狀語從句)
② I think (that) Screen City has the most comfortable seats. ( that引導的賓語從句)
2. 關於語序
(1) 所謂語序就是指語言表達順序。英語語序可分陳述語序和疑問語序。
(2) 所謂陳述語序,又稱主謂語序,就是按「主語+謂語+其他」的先後順序表達的語序。
(3) 所謂疑問語序,就是一般疑問句、特殊疑問句的表達順序。通常在主語前有助動詞、情態動詞等。
e.g. What does Mary do on weekends? (疑問語序)
→I don』t know what Mary does on weekends. (陳述語序,去掉了原句的助動詞does,謂語動詞do還原成一般現在時三人稱單數does.)
(4)主從復合句常要用陳述語序。
I don』t know what did I do wrong? ( ×)
→I don』t know what I did wrong. (√ )
3. 關於後綴「ful」
(1)很多名詞後加後綴ful就成了形容詞。 e.g. care→ careful; beauty → beautiful; color → colorful; use → useful; help → helpful; 等。
(2)有後綴ful的形容詞的反義詞通常是以less為後綴的形容詞。
e.g. Careful → careless; useful → useless等。
4. 關於表示「關聯,聯系」的介詞「to」
(1)英語中表示「A 的B」含義,除了名詞所有格和 「B of A」 外,還可以用 「B to A」。
(2)在「B to A」結構中,B常是以下詞:answer, key, bridge, way, entrance, exit, ticket等。
(3)可用順口溜記住這些單詞:答案鑰匙橋和路,入出口連著介詞to。
e.g. ①the answer to the question 這個問題的答案 ;
②the way to the park 去公園的路 ;
③the entrance to the museum 博物館的入口
④the key to our classroom 我們教室門的鑰匙
⑤a ticket to a ball game 一張比賽球票
5. 關於疑問詞連用動詞不定式
(1)疑問詞when, where, what, how等可以和動詞不定式連用,構成特殊結構。
(2)此結構常與含情態動詞can/could, should, be able to, will/would等的賓語從句轉換。
e.g. ①I don』t know what I should do next. →I don』t know what to do next.
我不知道接下來該做什麼。
②Could you please tell me where you will do on vacation?
→Could you please tell me where to go on vacation?
能告訴我你講去哪兒度假嗎?
③He forgot when they would start. →He forgot when to start.
他忘了何時要出發。
④Please let us know how we can do it well. →Please let us know how to do it well.
請告訴我們怎樣才能把它做得更好。
⑨ 初二下學期英語語法
1 、賓語從句:
如果一個句子作為動詞或介詞的賓語,稱為賓語從句。
(1) 如果一個特殊疑問句作某個動詞或介詞的賓語,一定要用其陳述的語序。如: they often ask him where he is from.. 不能說成: they often ask him where is he from.
(2) 某些特殊疑問句作賓語可以簡寫成「特殊疑問句 +to do」 的形式。例如: i am thinking about what to say < what i should say.> 我正在考慮我該說點兒什麼。
練習:
一, 選擇題;
( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to tell b.tell c.telling d.told
( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in
( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly
b.for short c.easy d.easily
( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.
a.are b.is c.will d.were
( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day
c.womens day d.women day
二, 改錯題:
( ) 1.every here like english very much.
a b c d
( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.
a b c d
( )3.in england, you never cant put their family name first.
a b c d
( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.
a b c d
( )5.id like to buy something for mr wu in teachersday.
a b c d
三、 單項選擇:
( ) 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with
( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.making
( )3.in england , people never use the first name their family name.
a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after
( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.
a.new anything b,new something c.anything new d.something new
( )5.everyone is here. nobody is-----------
a.not away b,away c.not out d.go
( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for
( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?
a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks
( )8.come to my office after school, tom. lets a talk about your
lessons.
( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------
a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher
( )10.david william lewis is called when we meet him for
the first time.
a.dave b.david c.mr lewis d.mr willian
( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call
him-------
a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert
( )12. something about your family, ok?
a.say b.tell c.speak d.talk
( )13.you can call me bob, you should never call me mr bob.
a.but b.or c.and d./
( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.
a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with
( )15,im very glad the news.
a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening
( ) 16.what about to the great wall hotel ?
a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 語法 :
2. 一般將來時 : be going to 結構的用法 :
(1) 用 be going to+ 動詞原形表示 」 將要發生的事情或主觀上打算 , 計劃 , 決定要做的事 . 其後的時間狀語通常為表示短期或近期含義的短語或表示固定時間的從句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow evening, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等
(2) be going to 結構中 ,be 是助動詞 , 要按句中主語的人稱和數的變化而變化 . 其後要接動詞的原形 . 該句的否定式是在 be 後面加 not, 其疑問式將 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to help her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow evening. /are they going to have a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be
an english call tomorrow afternoon..
(3), 在英語中 , 表示位置轉移的動詞 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, leave, stay, 等 , 可用現在進行時表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事 , 不必用 be going to 結構 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一個人飛往南京 . are you driving home ? 你開車回家嗎 ?
練習:
單項選擇題:
( ) 1.what are you going to do friday evening ? a.in b.on c.at d.of
( )2.do you have to do every day ?
a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works
( )3.what about meat for supper ?
a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any
( )4. ann her hair this saturday .
a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash
( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.
a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so
( )6. these new shoes are for .
a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you
( )7. would you like boating ?
a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to
( )8. why not there by bus ?
a.to go b.goes c. go d .going
( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.
a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why
( )10.i s li ming good singing ?
a.at b.in c.on d. for
( )11.i have some books .
a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading
( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .
a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home
( )13. kate has good friends at school.
a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of
( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .
a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by
( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .
a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads
( )16. they are going to play football next friday.
a.on b./ c.in d.at
( )17. lets now .
a.going to the park b.to play games c.are singing d.have a rest
3 . 形容詞的比較級和最高級的用法:
(1) 表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級,常用於「比較級 +than 」結構。如:
this box is heavier than that one . 這個盒子比那個重。
he is much taller than i < am > ,< 口語一般用 me >. 他比我高很多。通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , even 等詞修飾比較級。還可以用「數詞 + 名詞」構成的名詞短語表示確定的度量,來修飾比較級。如:
i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的小弟弟大了十歲。
(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比較時用最高級,常用於「最 -----「.
最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞 the, 後面可帶 of<in> 短語來說明比較的范圍。如: the one with nuts is the nicest of all . 裡面夾果仁的月餅是所有月餅中最好吃的。 li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他們班英語學得最好。
此外,最高級還可以被序數詞所修飾。如:
the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黃河是中國第二大長河。
一, 根據句意填入適當的詞:
1,they are having tea the open air .
2,thank you very much your help.
3,would you like to come supper?
4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.
5,this is a book many colour picture
6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.
7,this bottle is empty .may i have a one ?
8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.
9, is the third season of a year.
二, 句子改寫:
ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 變為一般疑問句 )
—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?
2,jims box is the heaviest of all.( 變為否定句 )
jims box _____the heaviest of all.
3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 對劃線部分提問 )
_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?
4,li lei is thirteen. zhang hong is twelve.( 連成一句 )
li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.
5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同義句改寫 )
tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.
6,he watches tv every evning.( 用 this evening 替換 every evening)
he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this evening.
三, 用所給的詞的適當形式填空:
1,i have nothing_____(do) today.
2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?
3,what kind of _____(ck) are you feeding now?
4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.
5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?
6can you hear something_______(sing) in the next room?
7,stop_____(play). now lets have our lesson.
8what _____(grow)on this farm?
9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).
10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).
四, 根據句意填上一個最恰當的詞,使句子通順,語法正確:
1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.
3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?
5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at
home. 7,my little dog is hungry. i must _____it.
8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.
9,what are you going to do after you _____school?
10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五,句型轉換:
1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.
______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.
2,do you have time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?
3, lets have a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____have a rest.
4, which is the way to the station, please ?
______ _____the station, please?
5,i dont know. i have _____ ______.
6,the post office is not inside the station.
the post office is______the station.
7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.
8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm
work.
9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.
this pen is_____ ______in the shop.
五, 動詞的適當形式填空:
1. listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?
2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.
it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.
3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______
(do) it at home now .
4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______
(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?
6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?
4 .提建議的表達方法:
ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 動詞原形 )------ ?表示「我 / 我們 ----- 好嗎?」 例: shall we go to the zoo? 我們去動物園好嗎?
ⅱ、 lets do( 動詞原形 )------ 。表示「讓我們做 ----- 吧」
例: lets make it half past one. 讓我們定在一點半吧。
iii 、 why not do( 動詞原形 )------ 表示「為什麼不做 ----- 呢?」
例: why not give her some flowers? 為什麼不送給她一些花呢?
5 .怎樣「表示需要」、「詢問方向」和「指點方向」
i .表示需要: 1.he needs some help . 2.you need a number 16 bus.
3.which number do i need ?
ii. 怎樣「問路(詢問方向)」:
1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the post office?
2.excuse me. can(could) you tell me the way to the park?
3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?
4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?
5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?
6.excuse me.can(could) you tell me how i can get to the hospital?
7.excuse me,can(could) you tell me where the theatre is?
8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?
iii. 怎樣「指點道路」(指點方向):
1 、 its over there on the right /left.
2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.
3 、 walk along /do down this road.
4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the
first turning.
5、 ts about two hundred metres along on the left /right .
6、 ts about five kilometers away.
a) its about ten minutes 『 walk from here.
b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.
c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.
6. 序數詞的用法:表示事物的順序叫序數詞。序數詞往往與定冠詞 the 連用。
( 1 ), 1----3 ,沒有規律,要逐個記憶。
one first ; two second ; three third ;
(2). 4-----12. 有規律,其中 four, six , seven ,ten , eleven 是在基數詞的後面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是沒有規律,要逐個記憶。
(3). 13------20 有規律,是在基數詞的後面加上 th 就行。
( 4 )。第二十至第九十的整十的倍數都是在基數詞後將詞尾的 -y 改為 i, 再加 -eth 構成的。
( 5 ),十位以上的基數詞變成序數詞時,把個位數變成序數詞即可,十位數不變。第一百、第一千、第一百萬都是在基數詞的後面直接加上 -th 構成。
( 6 ),序數詞的縮寫形式是由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最後兩個字母構成。
附: 基數詞變為序數詞的口訣:
基變序,有規律,詞尾加上 th ;
一、二、三,特殊記,詞尾字母 t,d,d ;
八減 t , 九減 e, f 來把 ve 替;
單詞 ty 作結尾, ty 變成 tie;
若是碰到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。
練習題:
一.聽力: 20 分。 (四個類型)略。
二.筆試: 80 分。
《一》。 詞彙:
a. 根據句子的意思及首字母提示,用適當的詞填空:
1. w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.
3.there are many b______flowers in the park.
4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.
5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.
6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?
7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.
8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.
9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .
d) thank you all the s______.
e) do you n____any help , miss black?
f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.
g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .
h) jim often goes the w_____way .
i) i am very t______. shall i have a rest?
b. 按要求寫出下列各詞:
1. busy( 比較級 )______ 2.big( 最高級 )_______3.early( 比較級 )____4.nice( 最高級 )______5.beautiful( 比較級 )___________
6.good( 比較級 )______7.many( 最高級 )______8.slowly( 比較級 )_____9.five( 序數詞 )_____10.one( 序數詞 )_____11.two( 序數詞 )_______12.three( 序數詞 )______13.nine( 序數詞 )______
14. twelve( 序數詞 )_____15 .twenty( 序數詞 )_____16. swim( 現在分詞 )_____17. close( 形容詞 )_____18. friend( 形容詞 )______
19. wish( 復數 )______20. full( 反義詞 )_____21. before( 反義詞 )_____22. right( 同音詞 )_____23. alse( 同義詞 )______24. free( 反義詞 )_____25. strong( 比較級 )______26.foot( 復數 )______27. run( 名詞 )_____28. zoo( 復數 )_____29. play( 名詞 )______30. quick( 副詞 )______
c. 根據漢語提示,用單詞的適當形式填空:
1. lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.
2. this turkey ________( 嘗起來 )fine.
2. miss li is __________( 講 )children a story.
3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.
4. he jumps_______( 最高 )at the sports meeting.
二.選擇填空: 20 分。略。
三.改寫句子:根據要求完成下列各句:
1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改寫 )
he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.
2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 變為同義句 )
he is______ _______in his class.
3. you had better go there on foot .( 改為否定句 )
you had ______ ______go there on foot.
4. they are going to leave on monday.( 劃線部分提問 )
_______ _______they going to leave?
5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改為否定疑問句 )
_______you usually______to school by bike?
四.口語運用:從 b 欄中找出能與 a 欄配對的答語:
a b
( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.
( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.
( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .
( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.
( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.
( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.
( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.
( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.
( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.
( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.
五.動詞填空:用所給的動詞的適當形式填空:
1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?
2.everyone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.
3.i have much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .
5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).
6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?
六.補全對話:
a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?
b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that policeman_______there.
a; thank you ______the_____.
b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?
c;sorry ,there isnt.
a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?
c: its_______seven kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.
a: which bus shall i take ,please ?
c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .
a; where is the bus stop ,please ?
c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .
a; thank you very much.
c: not at all.
七.看圖完成對話:
kate: excuse me! _____can i
____ _____the nearest market ,please?
jill:_____ ______this street, and
______the third______on the ____.
then take the second turning on the _______.
its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.
kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .
jill:its my pleasure.
八. 書面表達:
根據要求寫一段對話:(看圖寫,不少與 50 個詞)
henry is going to buy a dictionary.
he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .
so he asks sam to go with him .
but sam says he is busy. he shows henry
on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.
⑩ 初二英語下冊語法重點
下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)
8種常用時態的被動語態
由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。