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英語八年級下冊所有語法

發布時間:2021-02-17 03:14:55

① 八年級下冊英語語法 急求........

英語18種特殊的反意疑問句
介紹
1.祈使句。祈使句後一般加上will you或won't you構成反意疑問句,用will you 多表示「請求」,用won't you 多表示提醒對方注意。例如:
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好嗎?
Let引導的祈使句有兩種情況:
1)Let's...,後的反意疑問句用shall we或shan't we。例如:
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好嗎?
還可以用may I來表示徵求對方的同意或許可。
2)Let us/me...後的反意疑問句用will you或won't you。例如:
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 讓我試一試,行嗎?
2.感嘆句。感嘆句後加反意疑問句時,其反意疑問句需用be的一般現在時態的否定形式。例如:
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天氣啊,是吧?
3. 當陳述部分謂語動詞是need, dare, used to,且這些詞被用作實義動詞時,其反意疑問句需用do的適當形式。例如:
He needs help, doesn't he?他需要幫助,是嗎?
4.陳述部分主、謂語是I am...時,反意疑問句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如:
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是嗎?
5.陳述部分的主語是everything, nothing, anything或something 時,反意疑問句的主語應用代詞it。例如:
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音機出毛病了,是吧?
6.陳述部分的主語是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 時, 其反意疑問句的主語需用復數代詞they。例如:
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是嗎?
No one knows about it, do they? 沒有人知道這件事,對嗎?
7.陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this或that時,反意疑問句的主語用it,當陳述部分的主語是指示代詞these或those時,其反意疑問句的主語用they。例如:
This is a plane, isn't it? 這是一架飛機,是嗎?
These are grapes,aren't they? 這些是葡萄,是嗎?
8.陳述部分的主語是不定代詞one時,反意疑問句的主語可以用one,也可用you(美式英語用he)。例如:
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每個人都應該樂於助人,是吧?
9.當陳述部分含有以下這些含有否定意義的詞時:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑問句需用肯定結構。例如:
He is never late for school, is he? 他上學從不遲到,是嗎?
10.當陳述部分所含的否定詞是通過加前綴或後綴構成的,其後的反意疑問句依然用否定結構。例如:
It is unfair, isn't it? 這不公平,是吧?
11.含有否定含義的詞在陳述部分作動詞的賓語時,其反意疑問句用肯定結構,也可以用否定結構。例如:
You got nothing from him, did you? 你從他那兒什麼也沒得到,是嗎?
12.當陳述部分主語是從句、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式時,反意疑問句的主語應該用it。例如:
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的東西更重要,是吧?
13.當陳述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 結構時,其反意疑問句須與從句的主、謂語保持一致,注意主句的主語必須是第一人稱。例如:
I don't think he will come, will he? 我認為他不會來,對嗎?
14.have(has)不是表示「有」的意思,並在句中做謂語時,其反意疑問句的助動詞要用do, does, did。例如:
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他們剛才開了個會,是嗎?
15.陳述部分有have to 時,其反意疑問句要用助動詞的否定形式。例如:
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要澆菜,對吧?
16.陳述部分是there be句型時,其反意疑問句中要用there。例如:
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 過去這兒有家醫院,是嗎?
17.陳述部分有had better時,反意疑問句中要用hadn't。例如:
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我們現在最好馬上去上學,好嗎?
18.當陳述部分含有情態動詞must時,我們便要分析一下must的含義。如果must 作「一定;要;必須」講,反意疑問句須用mustn't或needn't;而當must作推測意義「一定是;必定」講時,反意疑問句則需根據must後的動詞原形選用相應的形式。例如:
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必須努力學物理,是吧?
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 湯姆一定在家,是吧?
反意疑問句的回答
在回答的時候, 如果是前肯後否的句子,思維和中國人相同;如果是前否後肯的句子,思維正好同中國人相反:
He is a student, isn't he? (他是個學生,不是嗎?)
Yes, he is.(是的,他是學生)
No, he isn't.(不是,他不是學生)
He doesn't like playing football, does he?(他不喜歡踢球,是嗎?)
Yes, he does.(不是,他喜歡踢球)
No, he doesn't.(是的,他不喜歡踢球)
I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老師,是嗎?)
Yes, I am.(不是, 我是一名老師。)
No, I am not.(是的,我不是一名老師。)
對反意疑問句的回答,無論問題的提法如何,如果事實是肯定的,就用yes,事實是否定的,就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結構,反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時,回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成「不」,no要譯成「是」。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn』t he? 他喜歡踢足球,不是嗎?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn』t. ,是 他喜歡。/ 不 他不喜歡。
---His sister didn』t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會議,是嗎?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn』t. 不,她參加了。/ 是的,她沒參加
若be動詞後是never//few//little,後面的動詞仍用肯定形式
反意疑問句的幾點特殊情況
反意疑問句的構成有以下幾點特殊情況須注意:
1.當陳述句的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時,簡短問句中的主語通常用they。如果陳述句的主語是非人稱的復合詞,如everything, something, anything, 則簡短問句中相應的人稱代詞是單數的中性詞it。例如:
Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn』t they?
Nobody came, did they?
Everyone thinks they』re the center of the universe, don』t they?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
2.當陳述句是表示存在的句子時,簡短問句用there 作形式主語。例如:
There isn』t a book on the table, is there?
There』s something wrong, isn』t there?
There won』t be any trouble, will there?
3.如果陳述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定詞, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing,則簡短問句通常用肯定形式。但如果陳述句中僅包含有否定前綴,則簡短問句中用否定形式。例如:
He was unsuccessful, wasn』t he?
The rules are invariable, aren』t they?
He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?
He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?
Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
4.陳述句中是I am時,簡短問句則用aren』t I。例如:
I am an excellent English speaker, aren』t I?
I am late, aren』t I ?
5.陳述句中是非限定人稱代詞one時,正式文體中,簡短問句的主語為one,而非正式文體中用you。例如:
One must be honest, mustn』t one?
6.含有賓語從句的主從復合句的反意疑問句中,簡短問句一般反映主句中主、謂之間的關系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等時,則簡短問句反映的是that從句中主語與謂語之間的關系。例如:
They agreed that the United States shouldn』t make a war on Iraq, didn』t they?
I suppose (that) he is serious, isn』t he?
注意:否定詞移位的情況,如:
I don』t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
7.如果陳述句的謂語動詞是have (當 「擁有」講時), 簡短問句可用have形式或用do形式。例如:
You have a nice house, haven』t/don』t you?
但如果陳述句是否定形式時,簡短問句中動詞的選擇則由陳述句中的動詞形式而定。例如:
He hasn』t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn』t have a house of his own, does he?
如果陳述句中的動詞 have 表示「經歷,遭受,得到,吃」的意思時,則簡短問句中的動詞用 do的形式。例如:
You often have headaches, don』t you?
8.當陳述句的動詞是ought to時,英國英語中簡短問句用ought,而美國英語中則用should。
9.陳述句中的動詞是used to時,簡短問句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn』t / didn』t they?
He didn』t use/used to tell lies, did he?
10.陳述句中動詞為needn』t時,簡短問句通常用 need。例如:
You needn』t do it if you don』t want to, need you?
You needn』t have told him the news, need you?
11.陳述句中must後動詞的類屬和時態不同,反意疑問句也不同。例如:
The food must be good, isn』t it?
You must have read the book last month, didn't you?
You must see the doctor, needn』t you?(must表必要性,故用needn』t)
You mustn』t do that again, must you?(must表示「不可以」)
12.當陳述部分是一祈使句時,簡短問句則通常為 won』t you, would you, can you, can』t you, could you等,使語氣婉轉、客氣。如果陳述部分的祈使句中含有第
一人稱時,如Let』s do something, 則簡短問句為 shall we?例如:
Do sit down, won』t you?
Shut up, can you?
在否定的祈使句後, 只能用will you。例如:
Don』t forget, will you?
13.當遇到賓語從句時候.一般反主句.但是以 I think I believe. Isuppose ....開頭的反從句

② 八年級下冊英語學過的所有語法總結!

人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重點語法:if
引導的條件狀語從句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重點語法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html

③ 八年級下冊英語(人教版)所有語法.要常考的 全的 列出類似於want to do 1-10單元的 謝謝.

你好, 八年級下冊英語(人教版)所有語法---常考. 高興為你解答, 及時採納.

人教八年級下冊語法
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態:(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句:What will people have in a few years?
重點短語:won't = will not
they'll = they will
she'll = she will
he'll = he will
I'll = I will
fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上(某人/某物)
be able to do sth. 能夠做某事
come true 實現
in the future 未來
hundreds of 數以百計的
thousands of 數以千計的
look for(sb./sth.) 尋找(某人/某物)
will → would 情態動詞 will 的原形和過去式
may → might 情態動詞 may 的原形和過去式

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片,預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)

Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
do/does 的過去將來時態形式:(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態:(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句:What should I do?
重點短語:keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了?
out of style 不時髦的;過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的;流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處(好)
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種;許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be (情態動詞 + 動詞原形)可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下,一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態:(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?

動詞 when 和 while 的選擇:when 後加瞬間動詞,while 後加延續性動詞。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.

感嘆句
結構:(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞
例句:What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!

重點短語:get out 出去;離開
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑;跑掉
come in 進來
hear about = hear of 聽說
take place 發生
as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前,閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
結構:主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句:----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意:①主句是一般現在時態,賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句:He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態,賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語,必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句:She said helping others changed her life.
重點短語:direct speech 直接引語
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做)
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……(加形容詞)
context 上下文

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞,你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)

Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法:if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構:主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中,主句應用將來時態,狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點短語:take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了?
in order to do sth. 為了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事(to 省略,該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。)
make sb. adj. 使得某人……(加形容詞)
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……(時間/錢)用於做某事
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事(強調整個過程)
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事(強調偶然性)
say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態:have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合:
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例:我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後,我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句:How long have you been skating?
注意:瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句:你借這本書已經多長時間了?
How long have you been keeping this book?
重點短語:run out of 用完;用盡
by the way 順便說說
be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠處
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人
in fact 實際上
room 房間(用於可數名詞);空間(用於不可數名詞)
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前,用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章,快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章,就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事
重點短語:not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻;馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音;使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心;小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心;照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴;依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候,我們需要尋找「主題語句」,也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」,或者每個文段的全部意思,來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後,該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)

Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句:Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句:How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語:fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送;分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖,我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時,常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題,達到總結的目的。)

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式:(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態:(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句:我去年去過美國,那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語:have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後,把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話,那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)

Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成,或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句:He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時,要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的,則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的,則必須用 no 回答。
例句:你還沒有準備好,對吧?
You're not ready, are you?
是的,我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不,我准備好了。
Yes, I am.

重點短語:look through 瀏覽
come along 出現;發生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級

及時採納 *-*

④ 人教版八年級下冊英語語法

a pair of一雙,一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭,全年
all kinds of各種,各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現,發生
come true實現,達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sbget along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處(好)
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來,將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)謝謝(做)
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻,馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠(特別
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 讓某人干

⑤ 八年級下冊英語語法大全

a pair of一雙,一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭,全年
all kinds of各種,各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現,發生
come true實現,達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sbget along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處(好)
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來,將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)謝謝(做)
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻,馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠(特別
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 讓某人干

⑥ 八年級英語下冊語法

· 英語中部分否定的幾種表示方法
· 由"I don't think..."句型說開去--試談英語的否定轉移
· 讓名回詞"動"起來
· 表達數目答和數量的特別方法
· 英語形容詞的排列順序
· 單音節形容詞前能否用"MORE"和"MOST"修飾?
· 主動語態表示被動意義
· 談another, other, more修飾數詞的用法
· 冠詞之差 意義有別
· Be+不定式動詞
· 進行時態表示的非進行意義
· 幾種帶有否定詞的比較句型
· 通過比較級和最高級表示否定意義

⑦ 八年級下英語語法

新目標英語八年級上筆記
Review of Unit 1-6
I. language goals (語言目標)
1. Talk about how often you do things 談論做事情的頻率。
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions.
談論健康話題以及提出建議。
3. Talk about future plans.
談論未來的計劃/打算。
4. Talk about how to get to places.
談論到達某地的方式。
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons.
學會發出,接受和拒絕邀請並說出原因。
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people.
學會談論個人品質以及如何比較人們。
II. Key Phrases (重點短語):
1. how often 多長時間一次
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. a lot of 許多
4. hardly ever 很少
5. start with 以…開始
6. try to do sth. 試著去做某事
7. look after 照料
8. be kind of unhealthy 有點不健康
9. once a day 一天一次
10. twice a month 一個月兩次
11. be good for 對…有好處
12. once in a while 偶爾
13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙醫
14. get a cold / fever 感冒/發燒
15. have a stomachache 肚子疼
16. have a toothache 牙疼
17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest 躺下休息
19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的熱茶
20. be stressed out 緊張
21. listen to … 聽…
22. get tired 變的疲勞
23. keep healthy 保持健康
24. at the moment 此刻;目前
25. watch TV 看電視
26. play basketball 打籃球
27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend 拜訪我的朋友
29. relax at home 在家放鬆
30. sports camp 運動野營
31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing
去徒步旅行/野營/釣魚/購物/觀光
33. go away 離開
34. get back to school 返回學校
35. stay for a week 呆一個星期
36. go bike riding 騎自行車兜風
37. takes walks 散步
38. rent videos 租錄像帶
39. sleep a lot 睡得多
40. think about 考慮
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane
乘地鐵/公共車/小船/飛機
42. get to 到達
43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共車/飛機/小船
44. train / subway / bus station 火車/地鐵/公共車站
45. bus ride 乘公共車的旅行
46. ride a bike 騎自行車
47. bus stop 公共汽車站
48. on foot 步行
49. leave for 離開去…
50. school bus 學校班車
51. the early bus 早班車
52. be different from 與…不同
53. half past six 六點半
54. in North America 在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐
56. need to do 需要做…
57. more than 多於
58. play soccer 踢足球
59. baseball game 棒球比賽
60. school team 校隊
61. come over to 過來到…
62. the day after tomorrow 後天
63. be good at 擅長於…
64. two years ago 兩年前
65. be outgoing 外向的
66. all the time 一直
67. in some ways 在一些方面
68. look the same 看起來一樣
69. talk to everyone 與大家談話
70. make me laugh 使我笑
III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型:
Unit 1:
1. -What do you usually do on weekends?
-I usually go to the movies.
2. -What does he sometimes do on weekends?
-He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise?
I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables?
She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.
Unit 2:
1. What』s the matter?
What』s wrong?
What』s the trouble?
2. I』m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat.
/I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist.
You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn』t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don』t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I』m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.
Unit 3
1. -What is she doing for vacation?
-She is babysitting her little sister.
-That sounds nice / interesting.
2. -When are you going?
-I』m going on Monday.
3. -Where are they going?
-They are going to Tibet.
4. -Who is she going with?
-She is going with her parents.
5. -How long is he staying.
-He is staying for a week.
6. -How is the weather there?
-I』m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.
Unit 4:
1. -How do you get to school?
-I get to school by bus.
2. -How does he go to work?
-He usually walks to school.
3. -How long does it take?
-It takes about twenty minutes.
4. -How far is it from his home to school?
-It』s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. -Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
-Sure, I』d love to. / I』m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. -Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
-No, she can』t. She has to help her mom.
3. -Can you go to the concert on Monday?
-When is it?
-It』s at four o』clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I』m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What』s the date today?
Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is (a little)taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I』m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose?
就找到這些,加油吧!

⑧ 八年級下冊英語語法都是什麼啊

新目標英語八年級下復習資料

◆unit 1 Will people have robots?
知識點:
1. 形容詞,副詞的比較等級考查熱點透視:
a) 表示A與B在程度上相同時, 「as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。表示A不如B時,可用「not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。
b) 表示A比B在程度上「更…..」時,可用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+than」結構
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比較,其中一個在程度上「最…..」時,常用「the+形容詞或副詞的最高級」結構,後面可帶「of/in的短語」來說明比較的范圍。(注意:副詞的最高級在句中常省略「the」.)
d)
在形容詞或副詞的比較級前,可以用「a
little, even, far, much,still」的等詞語來修飾,以加強語氣。
e) 表示「越來越….」時,常用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構,但要注意,對於多音節和部分雙音節形容詞,副詞而言,若要表達此意時,要用「more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級「結構。
f)
在表示「其中最….之一「的含義時,常使用 「one
of+the+形容詞最高級形式+名詞復數」結構,其中的定冠詞the不可以省略。
g) 如果強調「兩者中比較…的(一個)」的意思時,可使用「the+形容詞比較級+其它」結構。
h) 表示「越….越….」, 可使用「the+形容詞或副詞的比較級,the+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構。
2 .一般將來時
a) 一般將來時的構成:由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構成,shall用於第一人稱。在口語中,will在名詞或代詞後常簡略為』ll, will not常簡略為won』t。這個時態的肯定,否定和疑問結構可表示如下:
肯定句否定句疑問句I (We)shall(will) go.You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?Will you (he, she, they) go?
用」be going to +動詞原形」也可表示將來時,表示將要發生的事,打算或決定要做的事。
b)一般將來時的用法:1)表示將要發生的動作或情況;2)不以人的意志為轉移,肯定要發生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.後天是國慶日。
3. in/after:in是指以現在時間為起點的「在一段時間以後」。也可以表示「在將來多少時間之內」,句子中的謂語動詞要用一般將來時態;after常指以過去時間為起點的「一段時間之後」,所以它與過去時態連用。當after指某個特定的未來時刻或日期之後,或指以將來某一時間為起點的若干時間之後時,它可以與將來時態連用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法區別:more為many, much的比較級,意為「更多」,可修飾可數與不可數名詞。Less是little的比較級,意為「更好,較少」,修飾不可數名詞。Fewer是few的比較級,意為「更少」,修飾可數名詞復數。
【注意】few, little表示否定「幾乎沒有」。a few, a little表示肯定「一點,幾個」。
5.would like sth意思為「想要某物「; would like todo意思為」想要做某事「。回答would like句型的一般疑問句時,其肯定回答為 「Yes, please.」;否定回答「No, thanks」或 「I』d like /love to, but….」
6. Such作形容詞,意思是「如此的」「這樣的」,修飾各種名詞。
Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣。
Such常和as搭配,表示一種類別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子。
Such常和表示結果的that從句搭配,表示「如此….以至於…」如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stayat home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用來引出一個結果狀語從句。由於such是形容詞,所以that從句前有一個受such修飾的名詞;而so 是副詞,用以修飾形容詞或副詞,因此that從句前一般不出現名詞。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers thatpeople in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many studentsfailed to pass it.
a) 如果名詞是可數名詞的單數形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞
so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞
b) 如果名詞是不可數名詞或名詞復數,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容詞+不可數名詞或復數名詞
c)
如果被修飾的不可數名詞被much,
little, 或復數名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時,用so,不用such.
d) 當little表示「年紀小的」時,可用such+little+名詞。
7.be able to 為「能,會」,表示能力,在這個意義上與can的意思相同,一般情況下兩者可以互換,但can只有現在式和過去式(could)而be able to則用於更多的時態,主要體現在be的變化。兩者在用法上有一些差異:can(could)表示主觀能力不表示意願,它的將來時用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意願強調克服困難做某事。
◆unit 2 What should I do?
知識點:
1..loud是形容詞,loud-louder-loudest意思是「響亮的」;作副詞時,常與talk, sing, laugh 等詞連用,如speak loud; loudly 「大聲地」帶有喧鬧的意味,常用來修飾shout, cry, call, knock等動詞,通常沒有比較級和最高級,作狀語;aloud 副詞,出聲地,大聲地,僅指發出聲音(以使能被聽得見)。
2.Enough為形容詞,意思是「足夠的」;enough +n.修飾名詞enough money; adj/adv+enough修飾形容詞或副詞;enoughto do 足夠做某事
3.present, gift禮物:gift帶有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂貴的「禮物」,強調送禮人的誠意,有時有「捐贈」之意,多用於正式場合;present指為表達情誼,敬意或出於禮節,在某特定時刻或場合贈送的「禮物」,此禮物價值不一定高。makesb a present of把…作為禮物送給
4.borrow, lend:
borrow「借入,借給」即說話人向他人借東西borrow
sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent「借出,借給」即說話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides強調「除了…之外還有…」在no one, nobody, nothing等詞後加介詞but也表示「除了」。
6.find out,find, look for: find out「找出,發現,查明」多指通過調查,詢問,打聽,研究之後搞清楚,弄明白或指找出較難找到的,無形的抽象的東西;find「找到,發現」通常指找到或發現有形的東西也可指偶然發現某物的某種情況,強調找的結果;look for「尋找」強調動作。
7.talk about談到,談論;talk of談到,說到;have a talk with與..談談,做報告;talk to sb對…談話;talk with sb與…交談;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示「和某人談話」,「講話」。talk to sb比較常用,側重一方談,一方聽;talk with sb側重雙方交談;talkabout sb則表示「談論某人」
8.miss 和lose:miss意思為「發現丟失」「覺得不在」;lose意思為「丟失」「失去」。在本質上,miss是一種主觀感覺,而lose是一種客觀結果。
9.be used todoing習慣於做某事;used to do過去常常,暗含與現在明顯的不同,只用於過去時;be used to do是use的被動語態,意思是….被用來做某事。
10.own 與 have: own強調的是擁有,佔有某物為自己的財產,但所佔有的東西目前不一定是由人使用,強調所有權;have為普通動詞,表示的所有關系。own+n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +賓語+賓補 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+從句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one』s own完全屬於某人自己的;on one』s own獨立地,自願地;with one』s own ears親耳
11. attend, join, take part in:
attend「出席,參加,上學」attend school 上學,attend
meeting出席會議;take part in 參加,是指參與某項活動
take an active part in積極參加;join 參加,當join用於加入某個團體或組織,成為其中的一員,後面直接跟名詞,當join表示參加某項活動時後面跟介詞in
.
◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFOarrived?
知識點:
1. 過去進行時
a) 過去進行時由「was/were+動詞ing形式」構成。以動詞work為列,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式以及簡略答語見下表:
肯定式:I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They were working.
否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑問式和簡略答語:Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, hewasn』t.
【注意】was not常簡略為wasn』t; were not常簡略為weren』t
b) 過去進行時的用法:過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用時間狀語來表示
2. not …until直到…才。表示動作在某時之前尚未開始,直到此時動作才開始。not…until可以用after或when來代替,但主句謂語動詞要用肯定形式。Until為連詞時後接時間狀語從句,until作介詞時,後面接表示時間的名詞。Until
用於肯定句多表示動作或狀態一直延續到until所表示的時間為止,意思為「直到…」
from..till…中till往往表示不太具體的時間。From
…to…或from…until常用來表示具體的時間。
3. find it…to do,it在此句中為形式賓語代表動詞不定式,動詞不定式為真正的賓語,常用於這種用法的動詞有find, feel, think, make等。
4. 「疑問詞+不定式「結構相當於一個名詞性從句,常常可用同等成分的從句代替。改寫時,只需在疑問詞後面加一個適當的主語(這個主語一般與主句的主語一致),並將不定式改成適當形式的謂語即可。如,Where to go is still a question.=Where we should go is still a question.
5. when 與while:when連接的狀語從句是個特殊句型,「前一個分句(謂語動詞用過去進行時)+when(作並列連詞,意思為「這時,突然」)+後一個分句(謂語動詞用一般過去時)」表示在前一個動作正在進行的過程中突然發生了後一個動作, when強調動作的突然性,when後面的動詞為非延續性動詞;while表示「在….過程中」,強調在一段時間內,所以while引導的從句中的謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞。在狀語從句中,若從句放在句首時,應用逗號與主句隔開。
6. 感嘆句的構成:What +a/an+形容詞+單數名詞+主語+謂語!What a good book it is!
What+形容詞+復數可數名詞+主語+謂語!What easy questions they are!
What+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語!What cold weather it is!
How+形容詞+主語+be動詞!How nice thewatch is!
How +副詞+主語+謂語!How hardthey are working!
8.take place, happen「發生」:take place指「發生事先計劃或預想到的事物」;happen指「一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預見地發生」。兩者都是不及物動詞或短語,後面不能跟賓語,也不能用於被動語態;happen的意義很廣泛,而take place 僅用於歷史上的事件,集會等,是先行布置而後發生或舉行的事件,它不用於地震等自然界的現象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happensto sb某人遭遇某事
9.不定代詞all, both,each,every與not連用時,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and連接兩個賓語,表語,定語,狀語時,只表示部分否定,並且否定 and後面的部分;如用or連接句中兩個部分,則表示全部否定。如,She isn』t a bright and beautiful girl.她並不是一個既聰明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn』t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一個既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)。
◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知識點:
1. 在稱述句中直接引語和間接引語的轉換:
a) 直接引語:說話人直接引用別人的原話。
b) 間接引語:說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉述出來。
c) 直接引語一般前後要加引號;間接引語不用引號。
d) 規則:1)人稱變化:從句中的第一人稱多改為第三人稱;第二人稱根據情況改為第一或第三人稱;第三人稱不變。2)時態變化:如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,直接引語變為間接引語時從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要做以下變化:
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時(客觀真理除外)
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,直接引語變為間接引語時,從句的動詞時態保持不變;直接引語如果是客觀真理變為間接引語時,時態保持不變。3)其他指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語和動詞等的變化。直接引語中的一些指示代詞,時間狀語和地點狀語須作相應的變化:
直接引語 間接引語
指示代詞 this這 these這些 that那 those那些
時間狀語 now現在 then那時
today
今天 that
day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this
week 這星期 that
week那個星期
yesterday
昨天 the
day before前一天
last
week 上星期 the
week before前一個星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next
week 下星期 the
next week 第二個星期
地點狀語 here 這里 there 那裡
動詞 come來 go 去
【注意】1)直接引語中的時間狀語根據實際情況轉述為間接引語時,有時不需要改變,如tomorrow。如果轉述的動作發生在當天,無需改變;如果轉述的動作不在當天,則需將tomorrow變為the next day.
2.habit,practice, custom: habit指「個人由於自然條件,社會環境,愛好或經常接觸而導致可以為常的行為或特性」;practice語氣比habit弱,指「個人或大家都習慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式。」;custom指「經過一段時期在某人,地區或社會中形成的傳統習慣或風俗。」
3.bring, take, carry: bring指「從別處把東西或人帶來」「拿來」,表示將人或物帶到或拿到說話者所在的位置的這個動作;take指「把東西帶走或拿走」,表示將人或物拿開或帶離說話者所在的位置的這個動作;carry指「隨身攜帶(不說明方向)有時含有「負擔」的意思。
4.Surprise用法:1)surprise作名詞,表示「驚奇,詫異」;2)surprise作幾物動詞(後接某人作賓語)表示「使…驚奇」;surprise的過去分詞作表語,表示「感到驚奇」;to one』s surprise表示「使…吃驚的是」;be surprised at sth/sb表示「對…感到驚奇」。
5.however 與 but:兩者均可作「但是,然而」,而且都引出並列分句。從語義上看,but所表示的是非常明顯的對比,轉折的意味較however要強;從語法上看,but是並列連詞,而however卻是連接副詞;從語序上看,but總是位於所引出的分句前,而however卻可位於句首,句中和句末,但是譯成漢語時一定要把它放在分句之首;從標點符號上看,but之後一般不使用逗號,而however則必須用逗號分開。However當連詞用時,「無論以何種方式,不管怎樣」,引導讓步狀語從句。
6.first, at first與first of all:1)first可以做副詞,意思是「首先,第一次,最初地」,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first還可以用作形容詞,意思是「第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的」,first作名詞,意思是「首要,第一,最初」2)at first的意思是「起初,當初」,指剛剛開始做某事的時候,暗示後來的情況有所改變3)first of all的意思是「第一,最初,首先」,同first的用法相同,但語氣上比first要強,常常用來加強語氣。
7.true, real: true意思為「真的」「真正的」,強調與實際相符,而不是杜撰的,它與real相對。與to連用,意思是「忠實的」,true用作名詞,與定冠詞the連用,表示「真實,真理」等;real無此意。Real是形容詞,強調客觀存在的「真實」「實在」,不是想像的。
8.above, on,over:三者都有「在…上」之意。1)on表示兩者上下緊貼在一起2)over表示一種直接的垂直概念,但沒有上下緊貼的意思,反義詞為under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,也無相互緊貼的意思,反義詞是below.
◆unit5 If you go to the party, you』ll havea great time.
知識點:
1. If引導的條件狀語從句:1)構成:if引導的條件狀語從句表示「如果…」。構成形式為「主句+一般將來時時態+if從句+一般現在時態」,或「If從句+一般現在時態,主句+一般將來時態」。2)用法:表示假設或條件
2. half 與half
of的用法:1)half
the class中的「half」為形容詞,意思「一半的,半個的」2)
「half of+代詞/the+名詞」中的half為名詞,意思為「一半,半個」。當該結構在句子作主語時,謂語動詞必須和該片語中的代詞或名詞保持數的一致。即當代詞或名詞為單數時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式;若所接名詞或代詞為復數,則謂語動詞用復數形式。
3.
all the time與always: all the
time是個副詞性的短語,意思為「一直」「始終」,表示某一特定階段開始一直到結束,不表示頻度,多置於句末。除此,all
the time還有「不斷」的意思;always為表示頻度的副詞,意思為「總是」,表示動作的反復,狀態的繼續,中間沒有間斷,其反義詞為never。它與進行時態連用時,常翻譯成「總是」,「老是」,帶有贊美,厭煩,不滿等感情色彩。
4.Enough的用法:1)enough
to do sth表示「足夠…可以做…」2)enough也可以用「for+賓語+to
do sth的結構」3)enough修飾名詞時前面不用冠詞4)當主語是代詞時,enough可以作表語。當主語是名詞時,enough不能做表語。
5.Choose的用法:1)choose+名詞意思為「選擇…」;2)choose+between/from從…中選擇;3)chooseto do選擇做某事
6.Exercise的用法:1)運動,鍛煉,是不可數名詞2)體操,練習,是可數名詞。3)動詞,使….運動
7.wear,
put on, have on, dress: wear「穿著」「戴著」,表示狀態,是延續性動詞,一般現在時表示經常狀態,現在進行時表示暫時狀態;put
on「穿上」「戴上」,表示動作,是非延續性動詞;have on「穿著」「戴著」,表示狀態可以與wear互換;dress「穿上」「穿著」,既表示狀態,也表示動作,既可以作及物動詞,也可以作不及物動詞。Dress作及物動詞,表示「給自己或別人穿(衣服)」,賓語是人,常用被動語態。dress
oneself給。。穿衣服。dress up化裝
8.a
lot, a lot of與lots of三者都有「許多,很多」的意思。a lot
of, lots of一般用於肯定句,後接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞;a lot作名詞時=alot of thins,作副詞,修飾動詞或形容詞,副詞比較級。
◆unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
知識點:
1.
現在完成時表示發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。通常表示短暫動作或位置轉移的動詞(非延續性動詞,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用;也可以表示過去開始,一直延續到現在的動作或狀態。也就上說,現在完成時雖與過去有關,但實際上強調的是對現在的影響或結果,句中謂語動詞通常是延續性動詞,且常與表示一段時間狀語連用(these days,all this year,
recently,for+時間段,since+時間點)
2.
通常與現在完成時連用的幾個副詞:already,recently,just,
ever,never,before,yet等。表示不確定時間的時間詞連用。Already,just多用於肯定句;yet,ever,never多用於疑問句或否定句。
3. 現在完成時的結構:主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞
4.
have
been to, have gone to:have been to「到過某地」說話時此人很可能不在那裡,已經回來,側重指經歷;have gone to「已經去了某地」,說話時此人在那裡,或可能在路上,反正不在說話現場。
5.
neither開頭的倒裝句:在英語中「Neither+助動詞/情態動詞/+主語」這個倒裝結構是一種否定形式,表示「兩者都不」。如,I can』t work out the problem.
Neither can Li Ming.
6.
be
from, come from:兩者都為「從…來,出自…」;表示「出身於…」,應用come from
【注意】問別人的出身或敘述自己的出身時,時態一定要用一般現在時,如果時態為一般過去時,則表示「從…地方來」。
7.Population的用法:1)population是個集合名詞,意思為「人口,人數」,常用來指人口的總稱。被看作一個整體時,一般不加-s,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數形式。如,The population of China isabout1,300,000,000.
2)如果指一個整體中有多少人數是干什麼的時候,謂語動詞要用復數形式,這時強調的是一部分人。如,Half of the population in that country are
farmers.3)表示「…的人口」時,既可用「the population of+地名」,也可用「the population in +地點」,作主語中心詞時謂語動詞用單數形式。如,The population in Shenyang is about 8
million.4)表示某國,某城市有多少人口時,用have/has a population of…結構。如,New Zealand has a population of 3,800,000.5)對人口數量提問用what或what large。用large或big表示人口多,用small表示人口少。
8.If的用法:if引導的條件狀語從句表示「如果…」。構成形式為「主句+一般將來時態+if從句+一般現在時態」,或「If從句+一般現在時態,主句+一般將來時態」;if還可以引導虛擬語氣,表示假設的情況或是發生的可能性不大的情況,從句用過去的某種時態。
9.Sleepy,sleeping:sleepy可作表語或定語,意思為「想睡的,困的」,可用very 修飾;sleeping所修飾的名詞可以是人也可以是物。
◆unit10 It』s a nice day, isn』t it?
知識點:
1.
反意疑問句:1)反意疑問句的含義:當對所陳述的某種情況不確定而反問對方時,常用反意疑問句來表達。2)反意疑問句的構成:陳述句+簡略疑問句→前部分肯定陳述句+後部分否定疑問句;前部分否定陳述句+後部分肯定疑問句。3)使用反意疑問句時的注意事項:a.前後兩部分要在人稱上保持一致。b.時態要保持一致(或動詞要保持一致)c.回答的一致性(特別注意中文翻譯)。注意:yes與no後面的回答部分要一致。4)使用反意疑問句時的特殊情況:a.在祈使句後進行附加疑問句時,用will
you表示請求。b.在Let』s後面,常用shall we,表示征詢意見。c.在Let us…後面進行附加疑問時,用will you,這一點屬於祈使句范圍。d 在英語口語中,I am 後面的附加疑問句部分常用aren』t I .e 由nothing作主語的句子,附加問句中人稱代詞用it.f.由nobody作主語的句子,附加問句中用they代替nobody.g.如果陳述句部分主語是everyone,someone,anyone,no one等不定代詞,其附加疑問句部分的主語可以用he,也可用they.h There be…後面的附加疑問句部分仍用there. i.s如果陳述句部分含有否定副詞never,few,little等詞時,則其附加疑問句部分用肯定形式。J.反意疑問句要求用yes或no來回答,當陳述句部分為否定形式時,回答要特別注意兩種語言的表達習慣的不同,注意根據實際情況前後保持一致。
2.
cost,
price:cost作名詞時表示「費用」,通常指服務費,學習費,生活費或房租費等,price通常指具體物品的價格。詢問價錢用how
much來提問。
3.
at
lest:至少,最少。其中least為little的最高級,little的比較級為less;無論如何
4.
Prepare的用法:1)prepare for為…做准備,相當於getready for2)prepare+名詞+for +名詞,意思為「為…准備…」.3)prepare+名詞+to do sth意思為「為…而做准備。」4)prepare to do准備做某事

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