① 初中英語人教版初二語法
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態：(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?
重點短語：won't = will not
they'll = they will
she'll = she will
he'll = he will
I'll = I will
fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上（某人/某物）
be able to do sth. 能夠做某事
come true 實現
in the future 未來
hundreds of 數以百計的
thousands of 數以千計的
look for(sb./sth.) 尋找（某人/某物）
will → would 情態動詞 will 的原形和過去式
may → might 情態動詞 may 的原形和過去式
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片，預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
do/does 的過去將來時態形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態：(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?
重點短語：keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了？
out of style 不時髦的；過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處（好）
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種；許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be （情態動詞 + 動詞原形）可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下，一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態：(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 後加瞬間動詞，while 後加延續性動詞。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
感嘆句
結構：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!
重點短語：get out 出去；離開
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 進來
hear about = hear of 聽說
take place 發生
as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現在時態，賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態，賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重點短語：direct speech 直接引語
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（該事未做）
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事（該事已做）
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……（加形容詞）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞，你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態，狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點短語：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了？
in order to do sth. 為了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。）
make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容詞）
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（時間/錢）用於做某事
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事（強調整個過程）
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事（強調偶然性）
say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態：have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合：
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後，我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
重點短語：run out of 用完；用盡
by the way 順便說說
be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠處
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人
in fact 實際上
room 房間（用於可數名詞）；空間（用於不可數名詞）
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重點短語：not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候，我們需要尋找「主題語句」，也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」，或者每個文段的全部意思，來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後，該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送；分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時，常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題，達到總結的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態：(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後，把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話，那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的，則必須用 no 回答。
例句：你還沒有準備好，對吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准備好了。
Yes, I am.
重點短語：look through 瀏覽
come along 出現；發生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級
更多語法知識點請參見書後附錄的 Grammar (語法) 章節。
② 初二英語語法有哪些
初二上
1. so+謂語+主語：…也一樣. 謂語:be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞
2. so+主語+謂語:的確如此,真的這樣.
3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．請隨便吃點．．．
4. 發現sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don』t really agree.
完全不同意I really don』t agree.
6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原則
既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原則
既．．．．又．．．both…and….謂語用復數
7. 看起來，似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由於．．．而聞名be famous for….
9. 餐館就餐用語：a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here』s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That』s all.
10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個路口往右拐＝take the third crossing on your right
12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb』s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what』s the matter?=what』s wrong?=what』s the trouble?怎麼了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那裡.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+時間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時間
20. 路途遙遠It』s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That』s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分鍾的步行/駕駛路程：five minutes』 walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb』s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市
27. It』s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.（對sb來說）做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 條件狀語從句：從句一般現在時，主句一般將來時。如：If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 為…做准備get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴
37. 生病用語：sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛，have a cough 咳嗽，have/catch a cold 感冒，have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃葯，每天3次
39. take sb』s temperature 量體溫，look over 醫生檢查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水，take more exercise 多鍛煉
41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的：sb be awake
42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠葯，light music 輕音樂
46. again and again 再三地，一次又一次
47. dream about…夢見…; dream of… 夢想成為…
48. 系動詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble製造麻煩，惹是生非，make a noise 製造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分鍾
51. instead/instead of…代替，取而代之，反而
52. write to sb. 寫信給sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足；stay happy 保持心情開朗
54. on time 准時；in time 按時
55. sb had better (not) do sth， sb 最好（別）做sth
56. land on …登陸
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來
58. 不定代詞：something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we』re all by ourselves=we』re alone.單獨，獨自
60. feel a little afraid/don』t be afraid. 有點害怕/別害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也許，可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 遲早，早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧，保管
67. 我自學英語learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 學會…
69. 記日記 keep a diary，寫日記 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨
72. 越來越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。如：bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級，the +比較級。 如：越大越好：the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 開/關（電器），turn up/down音量開大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整個故事,整件事情
76. 過了一會兒after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼臉
78. 名勝，景點interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大風；in the wind 在風里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒裝句（為了強調）There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 說完這些話，說著說著（伴隨狀語）。
85. I don』t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。
where to go. 我不知道該去哪裡。
what to do. 我不知道該做什麼。
86. wait for sb』s turn to do sth 等著輪到sb做sth
It』s sb』s turn to do sth. 輪到sb去做sth
被動：be+動詞過去分詞
eg：The trees are planted every year.
過去完成時:
過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經發生的動作或情況，一般用在描述過去的某個時點已經發生過的動作或情況的句子中,即：過去的過去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
當我們趕到時，足球比賽已經開始了。
過去完成時由「主語+had+動詞過去分詞」構成。其肯定句，否定句和疑問句結構如下：
肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞+其他.
疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經工作兩年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經兩年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那時他已經工作兩年了嗎？
三、過去完成時的基本用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作，表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式：
(1) 用by，before等構成的介詞短語。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上個月底，琳達已經學了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前約翰已經修好了那台機器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引導的時間狀語從句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我們到達車站之前，火車已經開了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到達機場時，飛機已經起飛了。
2. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發生開始的動作持續到
這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我來這之前，在一家醫院已經工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
初二下
a pair of一雙，一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭，全年
all kinds of各種，各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現，發生
come true實現，達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sb do sth 讓某人干
get along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處（好）
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來，將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十歲）生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻，馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠（特別
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)謝謝（做）
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
他告訴我他自從十年前就一直在這兒工作了。
③ 初中英語語法人教版（初二）
send sb.sth=send sth to sb.寄給某人某物
decide to do sth.決定做某事
forget to do sth.忘記做某事（此事還內沒做）容
forget doing sh.忘記做過某事（此事已做，但忘了）
④ 初二語法英語
Lily won't visit her uncle in Beijing next month.
Will Lily visit her uncle in Beijing next month?
Yes, she will./No, she won't.
Who will visit her uncle in Beijing next month?
What will Lily do in Beijing next month?
When will Lily visit her uncle in Beijing?
We aren't going to have a class meeting this afternoon.
Are you going tp have a class meeting this afternoon?
Yes, we are./No, we aren't.
Who is going to have a class meeting this afternoon?
What are you going to do this afternoon?
When are you going to have a class meeting?
is leaving; am going swimming
is going to be
comes; finishes; rains; doesn't help; is
⑤ 初二英語語法
一 般 現 在 時
.概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
動詞用原形(單三人稱動詞加s / es)
(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)
一 般 過 去 時
概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
動詞用過去式
(問句和否定句借用助詞did)
現 在 進 行 時
概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
am +動詞-ing
is +動詞-ing
are +動詞-ing
過 去 進 行 時
概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
was +動詞-ing
were +動詞-ing
一 般 將 來 時
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
(1)will + 動詞原形
(2)am +going to+動詞原形
Is +going to+動詞原形
are +going to+動詞原形
過 去 將 來 時
概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
(1)would + 動詞原形
(2)was +going to+動詞原形
were +going to+動詞原形
現 在 完 成 時
概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
have +過去分詞
has +過去分詞
過 去 完 成 時
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
had +過去分詞
下面的更具體，還附有練習題，可以聯系一下，更好的理解（不過本來有表格的，但是格式不允許，要不你看看【參考資料】那裡的網址吧！O(∩_∩)O）
英語時態一表通
時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容，同學們在實際應用中，往往對時態問題倍感棘手，下面我們就初中英語八種時態以列表的形式做一歸納比較。
概念 時間狀語 基本結構 一般疑問句 否定形式
一般現在時 經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, etc. 1.be動詞
2.行為動詞 1.把動詞be放於句首。
2.用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時還原為動詞原形。 1.am/is/are+not
2.此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don』t；若主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn』t，同時還原行為動詞。
現在進行時 表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作或狀態。 now, at this time, these days, etc. am/ is/ are +doing 把be動詞放在句首。 am/ is/ are +not +doing
一般過去時 過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態； 過去 習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。 ago, yesterday, last week(month, year…), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc. 1. was/
were
2.行為動詞過去式 1.把was或 were放於句首。
2.用助動詞did提問，同時還原為動詞原形。 1.was/were+ not
2. 在行為動詞前加do在其前加didn』t，同時還原行為動詞。
過去進行時 表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的動作或行為。 at this time yesterday或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 was/ were+ doing 把was或were放在句首。 was/ were+ not+ doing
現在完成時 過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的一向或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。 have/ has +done already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently，in the past few years, 等，及由for或since引導的時間狀語。 把have或has放在句首。 have/ has +not+ done
一般將來時 表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。 tomorrow，tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ，next Sunday/week/year/month， soon, in a few days minutes, etc 1.be going to +do2.will ／shall＋do 1.be放在句首。2.will/shall提到句首。 1.be going to＋not+ do
2.will ／shall＋not+ do
過去完成時 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成的動作或情況。表示「過去的過去」 by, before等構成的過去時間短語連用或用於when, before, until等引導的從句中。由said, asked, told, thought等引導的賓語從句中， had+ done
had放於句首。 had+ not+ done
過去將來時 表示在過去的某個時候看來將要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。 The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc. 1.would+do
2.was/ were going to +do 1.would 提到句首。
2.was 或were放於句首。 1.would+not+
do
2.was/were +not+ going to +do
時態專練（以下試題均選自2005年中招試題）
1. -Where is Frank now?
- He _______his bike in the yard.(北京海淀區)
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
2. -You』ve left the light on, Tracy.
-Oh, yes. _________ to turn it off right now. (宜昌市)
A. I』d go B. I』ve gone C. I』ll go D. I go
3.「The World Without Thieves」 is a very moving film. I ____ it twice already.( 陝西省)
A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen
4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ________ tens of thousands of visitors since l995.(上海市)
A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will attract
5. -Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?
-Yes. It happened when I past the museum.（蘇州市）
A. walk B. am walking C. will Walk D. was walking
6. -Have you read this book?
-Yes．I____ it two weeks ago．（隨州市）
A．is reading B．have read C．will read D．read
7.- What are you doing ,Jim?
-I _________a beautiful horse.（北京豐台區）
A. draw B. drew C. am drawing D. was drawing
8. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home now. （北京豐台區）
A. have spent B. spend C. spent D. are spending
9. Jim is a student and in Town High School.（武漢市）
A. studies B. studied C. had studied
10.Sandy his old friend Tom when he was crossing the street.（武漢市）
A. had met B. has met C. met
Keys: 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8. A 9.A 10.C
⑥ 英語全部語法知識 初二的
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+ do
eg :I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比較級 and 比較級） 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣
6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with 同……一道，伴隨……
eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth ) 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 遠離
28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於
31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心；小心
33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自
eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句
39 be going to + v(原） 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料)
52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀
54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜
56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定
66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher ) 我相信我的大腦（老師）
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth 一定會做某事
eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣
73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他習慣努力工作
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西 )
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen )
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進來
88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州？
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名（單）每一個…… eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書
100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing 喜歡
102 escape from 從……逃跑
eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人從監獄里逃跑出來
Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些氣體從管子里冒出
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來
105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
106 far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home
107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎麼樣
108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什麼怎麼樣？ eg : I find the book interesting
109 finish 完成+doing（名詞）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人
111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door
112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做……
eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處
117 get ready for = be ready for 為什麼而准備 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math
118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻煩
119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 從某處得到某物
121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物
123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事
125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上學（用於專業的） go to the school 去學校（不一定是上學）
127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事
129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會
130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談
131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地還沒回來
133 have fun +doing 玩得高興
134 have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做
I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
135 have to do sth 必須做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用處
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能准時到達
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態）＋條件語態從句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最後
150 in the north of… 什麼在什麼的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 ）
由動詞開頭構成的短語、片語很多。復習時應分類處理：
一、動詞+介詞
1．look at…看…， look like … 看上去像……， look after …照料…
2．listen to…聽……
3．welcome to…歡迎到……
4．say hello to …向……問好
5．speak to…對……說話
此類短語相當於及物動詞，其後必須帶賓語，但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之後。
二、動詞+副詞
「動詞+副詞」所構成的短語義分為兩類：
A．動詞（vt.）+副詞
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脫下 3．write down記下
此類短語可以帶賓語，賓語若是名詞，放在副詞前後皆可；賓語若是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。
B．動詞（vi）+副詞。
1．come on趕快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家
4．come in進來 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立
此類短語屬於不及物動詞，不可以帶賓語。
三、其它類動詞片語
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介詞短語聚焦]
「介詞+名詞/代詞」所構成的短語稱為介詞短語。現將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
1．in+語言/顏色/衣帽等，表示使用某種語言或穿著……。
2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示「在……排/隊/班級/年級」等。
3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示「在上午/下午/傍晚」等一段時間。
4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示「在書桌/鉛筆盒/卧室里」。
5．in the tree表示「在樹上 (非樹本身所有)」；on the tree表示「在樹上(為樹本身所有)」。
6．in the wall表示「在牆上（凹陷進去）」；on the wall表示「在牆上（指牆的表面）」。
7．at work（在工作）/at school（上學）/at home（在家）應注意此類短語中無the。
8．at + 時刻表示鍾點。
9．like this/that表示方式，意為「像……這/那樣」。
10．of短語表示所屬關系。
11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等，表示方位、處所。
12．from與to多表示方向，前者意為「從……」，後者意為「到……」。
另外，以下這些短語也必須掌握。如：on ty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one』s bike等。
[重點句型大回放]
1．I think…意為「我認為……」，是對某人或某事的看法或態度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don』t think…，
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為「把……給……」，動詞give之後可接雙賓語，可用這兩種句型；若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時，則只能用give it/ them to sb.
3．take sb./ sth. to…意為「把……(送)帶到……」，後常接地點，也可接人。
4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為「一個是……；另一個是……」，必須是兩者中。
5．Let sb. do sth. 意為「讓某人做某事」，人後應用不帶to的動詞不定式，其否定式為Don』t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let』s 與Let us的含義不完全相同，前者包括聽者在內，後者不包括聽者在內，
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為「幫助某人做某事」，前者用不定式作賓補，後者用介詞短語作賓補，二者可以互換.
7．What about…？/How about…？意為「……怎麼樣？」是用來詢問或徵求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞，其後須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。
8．It』s time to do…/ It』s time for sth. 意為「該做……的時間了」，其中to後須接原形動詞，for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意為「喜歡做某事」，前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作；後一種句型側重習慣性的動作，
10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為「讓某人(不要)做某事」，其中ask sb.後應接動詞不定式，
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為「把某物給某人看」，該句型的用法同前面第2點。
12．introce sb. to sb. 意為「把某人介紹給另一人」；introce to sb.則是「向某人作介紹」。
001. a bottle/glass/cup… of 一瓶/茶杯/玻璃杯
002. a few 一些
003. a kind of 一種；一類
004. a little 一點；少量
005. a lot of…(lots of…) 許多的
006. a moment later 片刻之後
007. a number of 若乾的；許多的
008. a pair of 一雙；一副
009. a piece of 一塊（張；片；只）
010. all day(long) 整天；一天到晚
011. all kinds of 各種各樣
012. all one』s life 一生；終生
013. all over 到處；結束
014. all over the world 全世界
015. all right 行了；好吧；（病）好了
016. all the same 仍然
017. all the time ①一直；始終②老是（美國英語）
018. arrive at/in 到達某地
019. as…as… 一樣
020. as…as one can(=as…as possible) 盡量
021. as soon as 一就
022. at breakfast 早餐時
023. at first 起先；開始的時候
024. at home 在家
025. at last 最後；終於
026. at night 在夜裡
027. at noon 在正午
028. at once 立刻；馬上
029. at school 在學校上課
030. at the back of 在……的後面
031. at the head of 在……的前面
032. at the moment 此刻
033. at the same time 同時
034. at this time of (the) year 在（一年中）這個時節里
035. at times 時常；有時
036. at work 在工作
037. be able to do sth. (= can+V.) 能夠
038. be angry with sb. 生某人的起 be angry at/about sth. 生某事的氣
039. be born 出生
040. be different from… 和……不同
041. be full of 充滿著……
042. be good at 善於 be bad at拙於
043. be good for 對……有益的 be bad for 對……有害的
044. be in hospital 生病；住院 be in the hospital 在醫院
045. be late for 遲到
046. be like 像
047. be made of (be made from) ……制的；用…….製成的
048. be/get ready 准備好
049. be sure 肯定；確定
050. break down ①（機械）損壞②拆散（某物）
051. by+交通工具 搭乘某交通工具
052. by the way 順便一提
053. by then 到那時
054. catch (a) cold; have a cold 感冒
055. change one』s mind 改變想法（注意）
056. come back 回來
057. come down 下來
058. come from ①出生於②來自於
059. come in 進入；進來come out 出來
060. come over 過來；順便來訪
061. come around （走）過來（繞行而來）
062. day after day 日復一日地；天天
063. do(es) +V.ing 做某事
064. do sport 運動；參加（體育）運動
065. does well ①做得很好②成功③成績很好
066. each other 互相
067. eat up 吃完
068. either…or… 不是……就是
069. enjoy oneself 過得愉快
070. fall behind 落後；跟不上
071. fall off ①跌落；掉下②（質或量）下降
072. far away 遙遠
073. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
074. feel tired 感到疲勞
075. find out 查明；發現；了解
076. from now on 從今以後；今後
077. from … to … 從……到……
078. get back ①返回②取回
079. get down ①下來；落下②記下來
080. get dressed 穿衣服
081. get home 大家
082. get into ①進入②搭乘（計程車）③陷入（壞的情況）
083. get off ①下車②起飛
084. get on ①上車②生活
085. get on (with…)= get along (with…) ①生活②與（某人）相處③（活動）有進展
086. get out of ①從......出來②從計程車(轎車)下來
087. get ready to do sth. 准備做某事
088. get up ①起床②起立
089. get warm (long) 變暖和(長)
090. give a call 給……打電話
091. give back 歸還;送回
092. go back 回去
093. go for a walk 散步
094. go home 回家
095. go on 繼續
096. go shopping 去購物
097. go to bed 睡覺(並未入睡)
098. go to school 上學
099. go to sleep 入睡；睡著
100. go to the cinema 看電影
101. grow up 成年；長大成人
102. half an hour 半小時
103. have a drink of 喝一點……
104. have good time 玩得很高興；過得愉快
105. have a look (at) 看一看
106. have a match 比賽have a test 測驗
107. have a meeting 開會
108. have a rest 休息
109. have a swim 游泳
110. have a talk 談話
111. have a walk 散步
112. have a wash 洗（手，臉等）
113. have breakfast 吃早飯
114. have lessons/classes 上課
115. have lunch 吃午飯
116. have sport 進行體育活動
117. have supper 吃晚飯
118. have to 不得不；必須
119. hear from+sb. 收到某人的來信
120. hear of 聽說
121. help sb. with sth 在某事上幫某人help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事
122. hold a meeting (= have a meeting) 舉行會議
123. hold on ①等一等（別掛電話）②堅持；持續
124. hour after hour 一小時又一小時地；持續地
125. how long ①（時間）多長；多長②（長度）多長
126. how many/much 多少/多少（錢）
127. how often 多久；多常
128. how old 幾歲；多大（年紀）
129. hundreds of 數百
130. hurry of 匆匆離去；趕快去
131. hurry up 趕快
132. in a minute 一會兒；立刻
133. in bed 躺在床上
134. in English 用英語（說）
135. in front 在前方（面）；在正對面
136. in front of 在......前面
137. in time 正好；及時
⑦ 初中八年級英語所有語法
現在完成時
1.構成
現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬於現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。
2.用法
（1）表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just, already, yet 等副詞修飾。常與非延續性動詞連用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已經）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常用延續性動詞，常帶有for和since（自從）等表示一段時間的狀語。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。
(3）表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作，現在成為一種經驗，一般譯為漢語「過」，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。
3．結構
1）陳述句結構：主語＋have( has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它。have not=haven』t has not= hasn』t.
2) 一般疑問句結構：Have( Has )＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？
3) 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn』t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn』t. / No, not yet.
4.現在完成時的時間狀語
1）現在完成時屬於現在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產生的後果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用於肯定句中，yet一般用於否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b. 用ever 和never。多用於否定或疑問句中，表示「曾經」或「從未「等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just（剛剛）, before（以前）, up to now（直到現在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今為止) recently 等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪裡見過。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那裡三次了。 d.用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那裡多少次？
2） 現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示「一段時間」的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始，一直持續到現在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示「一段時間」的狀語連用。要用，必須改為「be（在）」等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換：
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以說He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。（不可以說has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鍾了。（不可以說has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以說have begun） 我們（開始）學英語已三年了。
5. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生，不表示和現在的關系。試比較：
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現在還未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現在找到與否沒說明）
6.幾點注意事項 （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區別：have been(to) 表示「去過某地（現在已經回來了）」，可用於各人稱；have gone(to) 表示「去某地了（說話時某人不在當地）」，常用於第 三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，後者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）「It is或has been + 一段時間+ since引導的時間狀語從句」表示「某人干某事已經多長時間了」。since從句的謂語要用非延續性動詞 若動詞延續，則譯成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住這兒已有三年了。 （3）終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續的狀態，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。 （4）.提問for短語或since狀語用how long。
(5).完成時的否定形式與比較級連用表達最高級含義。如：
I have never seen a better film.我從未看過一部更好的電影。（這部最好）
註：否定式與比較級連用表示最高級含義不一定用於完成時態。如：
--- What about going fishing? --- I can』t agree more.(我再同意不過了哦)
.語法—直接引語變間接引語（多數情況下變為賓語 從句）
(1). 直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that 引導（口語中可以省略引導詞）賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「I』ll visit my aunt tomorrow.」 Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,」 It』s important to finish your homework.」
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
「_______________________________________.」they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn』t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said』」_______________________________.」
(2). 直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，變為由連詞if 或whether引導的賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「Will you have a surprise party for me?」 he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,」 Can you help me?」 ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，」__________________________________?」
(3). 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語時，疑問詞不變，賓語從句用陳述語序。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. The teacher asked,」 Why are all the windows open?」
______________________________________________.
b. 「When will you find out the time?」 she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. 「What』s the matter with you, Alice?」 he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引語如果是肯定型祈使句，變為間接引語時，謂語變為tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：
a. 「Make sure the door is closed，」 she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. 「Tell me the news, please.」 Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
「_______________________________，」 he said to me.
(5).直接引語如果是否定型祈使句，變為間接引語時，謂語變為tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語：a. 「Don』t smoke in the room,」 he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. 「Don』t shout at the old man,」 I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
「____________________________, 「 our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don』t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 條件句 在一般將來時的句子里（指主句），時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替將來時。當主句含有情態動詞或主句為祈使句時，從句也用一般現在時。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑問句
附加疑問句由「陳述句 + 附加疑問句」兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式：前肯後否或前否後肯。對附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點： 1）主語只能用人稱代詞；2）附加疑問句的not必須與（be /助/情）縮寫；3）附加疑問句的時態必須與陳述部分的時態一致。
Tom is a worker, isn』t Tom? (改錯) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改錯) ______
特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句
1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等時，附加疑問句應使用肯定形式；但如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前綴構成的派生詞時，該陳述句部分仍做肯定處理，疑問部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren』t they?
2. this/that作主語時，無論是否指人，疑問部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn』t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陳述部分的主語如果是one, 疑問部分主語用one或he。One can』t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時，附加疑問句的主語應用it；陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時，附加疑問句的主語應用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陳述部分是祈使句時，附加疑問句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let』s…（包括聽者在內）, 附加疑問句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括聽者在內）， 附加疑問句一般用will you? Let』s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陳述部分是there be結構時，應用be there?結構來完成。 There』s little water, _________？
7..陳述部分含that引導的賓語從句時，疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句陳述部分是」I / We think (believe, suppose) +賓語從句」時，附加問句應與從句一致。I』m sure + 賓語從句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don』t think you are right，________?
3) I』m sure you』ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陳述部分是I am… , 附加疑問部分為aren』t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陳述部分含had better, would like時， 疑問部分分別用hadn』t…?和wouldn』t…? You』d better go out , _______________? You』d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陳述部分是感嘆句，附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致，疑問部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn』t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容詞表示一類人，其附加疑問句主語用復數代詞。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…， …and…等連接的並列主語，附加疑問部分用復數。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn』t they?
13.當陳述部分含有have to時，附加疑問部分的助動詞應根據have 的變化，分別用don』t， doesn』t， didn』t。 He has to take your advice, doesn』t he?
14.當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或片語時，附加疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn』t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.當陳述部分含有wish時，附加疑問部分的助動詞用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 當陳述部分的謂語是「used to+動詞原形（過去常常干某事）」時，疑問部分用「didn』t+主語」或「usedn』t +主語」。 He used to live in London, didn』t he? / usedn』t he?
⑧ 語法英語初二的
一 般 現 在 時
.概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
動詞用原形(單三人稱動詞加s / es)
(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)
一 般 過 去 時
概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
動詞用過去式
(問句和否定句借用助詞did)
現 在 進 行 時
概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
am +動詞-ing
is +動詞-ing
are +動詞-ing
過 去 進 行 時
概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
was +動詞-ing
were +動詞-ing
一 般 將 來 時
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
(1)will + 動詞原形
(2)am +going to+動詞原形
Is +going to+動詞原形
are +going to+動詞原形
過 去 將 來 時
概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
(1)would + 動詞原形
(2)was +going to+動詞原形
were +going to+動詞原形
現 在 完 成 時
概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
have +過去分詞
has +過去分詞
過 去 完 成 時
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
had +過去分詞
下面的更具體，還附有練習題，可以聯系一下，更好的理解（不過本來有表格的，但是格式不允許，要不你看看【參考資料】那裡的網址吧！O(∩_∩)O）
英語時態一表通
時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容，同學們在實際應用中，往往對時態問題倍感棘手，下面我們就初中英語八種時態以列表的形式做一歸納比較。
概念 時間狀語 基本結構 一般疑問句 否定形式
一般現在時 經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, etc. 1.be動詞
2.行為動詞 1.把動詞be放於句首。
2.用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時還原為動詞原形。 1.am/is/are+not
2.此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don』t；若主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn』t，同時還原行為動詞。
現在進行時 表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作或狀態。 now, at this time, these days, etc. am/ is/ are +doing 把be動詞放在句首。 am/ is/ are +not +doing
一般過去時 過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態； 過去 習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。 ago, yesterday, last week(month, year…), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc. 1. was/
were
2.行為動詞過去式 1.把was或 were放於句首。
2.用助動詞did提問，同時還原為動詞原形。 1.was/were+ not
2. 在行為動詞前加do在其前加didn』t，同時還原行為動詞。
過去進行時 表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的動作或行為。 at this time yesterday或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 was/ were+ doing 把was或were放在句首。 was/ were+ not+ doing
現在完成時 過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的一向或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。 have/ has +done already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently，in the past few years, 等，及由for或since引導的時間狀語。 把have或has放在句首。 have/ has +not+ done
一般將來時 表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。 tomorrow，tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ，next Sunday/week/year/month， soon, in a few days minutes, etc 1.be going to +do2.will ／shall＋do 1.be放在句首。2.will/shall提到句首。 1.be going to＋not+ do
2.will ／shall＋not+ do
過去完成時 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成的動作或情況。表示「過去的過去」 by, before等構成的過去時間短語連用或用於when, before, until等引導的從句中。由said, asked, told, thought等引導的賓語從句中， had+ done
had放於句首。 had+ not+ done
過去將來時 表示在過去的某個時候看來將要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。 The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc. 1.would+do
2.was/ were going to +do 1.would 提到句首。
2.was 或were放於句首。 1.would+not+
do
2.was/were +not+ going to +do
時態專練（以下試題均選自2005年中招試題）
1. -Where is Frank now?
- He _______his bike in the yard.(北京海淀區)
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
2. -You』ve left the light on, Tracy.
-Oh, yes. _________ to turn it off right now. (宜昌市)
A. I』d go B. I』ve gone C. I』ll go D. I go
3.「The World Without Thieves」 is a very moving film. I ____ it twice already.( 陝西省)
A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen
4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ________ tens of thousands of visitors since l995.(上海市)
A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will attract
5. -Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?
-Yes. It happened when I past the museum.（蘇州市）
A. walk B. am walking C. will Walk D. was walking
6. -Have you read this book?
-Yes．I____ it two weeks ago．（隨州市）
A．is reading B．have read C．will read D．read
7.- What are you doing ,Jim?
-I _________a beautiful horse.（北京豐台區）
A. draw B. drew C. am drawing D. was drawing
8. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home now. （北京豐台區）
A. have spent B. spend C. spent D. are spending
9. Jim is a student and in Town High School.（武漢市）
A. studies B. studied C. had studied
10.Sandy his old friend Tom when he was crossing the street.（武漢市）
A. had met B. has met C. met
Keys: 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8. A 9.A 10.C
⑨ 初二英語語法重點是什麼
. 初二語法重點： 人稱代詞
主格： I we you she he it they
賓格： me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is
it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間： at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數詞和序數詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
11. there be 結構
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句： There isn』t …. There aren』t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
初二下學期要接觸到得語法點：1.過去進行時；
2.using adjectives;
3.直接引語改間接引語；
4.using although and though;
5.object clauses with that after know, think, believe, etc.
6.if 的從句