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八年級上英語第二課語法

發布時間:2021-02-16 05:48:05

Ⅰ 八年級上英語語法

一般現在時 The Simple Present Tense
一般現在時表示現在的狀態
He is twelve. 他十二歲。
They are at home. 他們在家。
表示經常性或習慣性的動作
I go to school at seven every day.
He plays soccer on Sundays.
表示主語具備的性格和能力等
She likes apples.
They speak Japanese.
She is medium build.
肯定式
I am a cleaner.
You are right.
He / She / It is here.
We / You / They are outgoing
否定式
I am not a…
You are not…
He / She / It is not…
We / You / They are not…
否定式和疑問式
We go to school at seven every day.
We don』t go to school at seven.
Do you go to school at seven?
Yes, we do.(No, we don』t.)

否定式和疑問式
He goes to school at seven every day.
He doesn』t go to school at seven.
Does he go to school at seven?
Yes, he does.(No, he doesn』t.)
一般現在時常和表示時間頻度的副詞連用。
如:
often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。
1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike?
3. He doesn』t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.

一般現在時常和以下時間表達法連用。
如:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。

Do they have math in the morning?
She sleeps nine hours every night.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
They don』t have classes on Sundays.
動詞第三人稱單數的構成:

1、直接加--s
look—looks read—reads
play—plays stop—stops
2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o後加--es
miss—misses fix—fixes
watch—watches wash—washes
go—goes do--does
3. 輔音字母加y結尾的動詞去y為i,再加--es
carry – carries study – studies
hurry – hurries cry – cries
4.特殊的
have -- has

新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(二)

【語法聚焦】
看病需要和醫生交流,這是英語口語中必不可少的內容。從醫生詢問病情,病人訴說病情,到醫生檢查、診斷和醫囑,這些環節最常用的語句,同學們必須掌握。
一、醫生詢問病情的常用語句:
1. What's wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎麼了?
What's your trouble, young man? 年輕人, 你哪裡不舒服?
When did it start? 從何時開始生病的?
2. How are you (feeling) now? 你現在覺得怎麼樣?

Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了嗎?
3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你頭痛/咳嗽嗎?
4. When did you feel unwell? 你什麼時候覺得不舒服的?
5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何時開始的?
6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好嗎?
Do you feel tired? 你覺得疲勞嗎?
7. How long have you been like this? 你像這樣有多久了?
8. Did you eat anything for breakfast? 你早飯吃了什麼沒有?

二、病人訴說病情的常用語句:
1. I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
2. I have (got) a headache. 我頭痛。
I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。
I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我後背痛。
There's something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。
3. I feel terrible. 我感到很難受。
I feel even worse. 我感到情況更糟了.
4. I don't feel like eating anything. 我什麼都不想吃.
5. I dream too much. 我的夢特別多.
I can't fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不著.
6. It began two days ago. 兩天前開始的.
7. I don't feel any better now. 我感覺沒有什麼好轉.
8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午飯我吃的是面條.

三、醫生檢查、診斷和治療的常用語句:
1. Open your mouth and say "Ah---'. 張嘴說 "啊---- ".
2. Let me take your temperature. 讓我給你量量體溫.
3. There's nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你沒什麼大問題.
4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒.
5. You have to be in hospital. 你得住院.
6. You'd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床幾天.
You'd better not eat too much sugar. 你最好別吃太多的糖.
Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, you'll feel much healthier.
少吃些,多鍛煉,不久你的身體就會健康得多.
Drink more water. 多喝水.
You should drink a lot of water. 你應該多喝水。
Have a good rest. 好好休息.
7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 這些葯每次服一片,每天兩次.
Take the medicine after meals. 飯後服葯.
8. You'll soon be all right. 你很快就會康復的.
I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就會好起來。
Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡覺前盡量放鬆一下。

新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(三)

【語法聚焦】
一、用現在進行時表示將要發生的動作,例如:
1. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准備干什麼?
I'm visiting my grandmother. 我准備去看我的奶奶。
When are you going? 你想什麼時候去?
What's she doing for vacation? 她假期准備干什麼?
She is going camping. 她打算去野營。
What are they doing for vacation? 他們假期准備干什麼?
They are relaxing at home. 他們打算在家裡放鬆一下。
2.還有一些動詞的現在進行時形式表示將要發生的動作:
leave, come, stay,hike等。
例如:
1) My father is leaving for Shanghai next week.
我父親下周要動身去上海。
2) A: Mary! Supper is ready. 瑪麗!晚飯好了。
B: I'm coming, mum. 媽媽,我馬上就來。
3) A: What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准備干什麼?

B: I'm going hiking in the mountains. 我准備去山裡遠足。
4) I'm staying home to do my homework next Sunday.
下個星期天我准備待在家裡做作業。
二、課文注釋
1. go fishing 去釣魚
同樣的用法還有:
go shopping 去購物

新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(四)

【語法聚焦】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.花費某人某些時間去做某事; 例如:
It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.
人們花了很多時間才到了那座大山。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.
每天早晨我步行到學校要花費二十分鍾。
It will take three hours to finish the work.
完成那項工作需要花費三個小時。
2.動詞take還有其他詞義;例如:
1)得到;獲得
You have to take it as you find it.
對這個你只得將就些算了。
2)拿;握住;抓住
The mother took her child by the hand.
母親拉著孩子的手。
3)取走,拿走
Take this shopping home.
把這件買的東西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like.
這里的食品都是免費的,你們隨便吃吧。
Who has taken my chocolate?
誰拿了我的巧克力?

4)乘,坐,搭(車、船)
Shall we go by bus or take a cab?
我們是乘公共汽車去還是乘出租汽車去?
to take a bus to work
乘公共汽車上班
5)吃;喝;服用;吸入
Take your medicine. 把葯服下。
6)進行;作;為
to take a walk 散步
If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat.

新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(五)

1. have to與情態動詞的區別
情態動詞不能單獨作謂語,後面必須接動詞原形一起構成謂語,have to也是這樣。

情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,而且所用的時態也受到一定的限制,但是have to有人稱和數的變化,可用於多種時態中,在一般現在時中,當主語是第三人稱單數時,要用has to,其餘人稱用have to;一般過去時中用had to;一般將來時中用will have to,例如:
She has to go to school by bus.
她不得不乘公共汽車去上學。

If you get ill, you'll have to see the doctor.
如果你生病的話,你就得看醫生。
2. have to與must的區別
have to和must都有「必須」的意思,那麼它們有哪些不同呢?
(1)含義和用法上的區別:
have to強調客觀上需要做某事,即表示外界條件的需要不得不做某事,含有「形勢逼迫」的意味;must強調說話者主觀上認為必須做某事,含有「主觀判斷」的意味,例如:
My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.
我的自行車在上學的路上壞了,我不得不走路去上學。
(我本來不願意走路,可是自行車壞了,不想走路也不行。)
We must learn English well.
我們必須學好英語。(主觀上有這種想法。)
(2)否定式的區別:
have to的否定式意為「不必」,must的否定式意為「禁止;不允許」。因此,以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答為「Yes,主語+must」,否定回答為「No,主語+needn't / don't have to」。例如:
---Must I finish the homework now?我必須現在完成作業嗎?
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn't / don't have to)是的,你必須現在完成。(不,你不必。)
3.反意疑問句的構成區別:
(1)陳述部分含有have to時,其附加問句的謂語往往用助動詞do的相應形式或助動詞will。例如:
You had to go shopping yesterday, didn't you?
昨天你不得不去購物,是嗎?
(2)陳述部分含有must時,其附加問句的謂語,按下面幾種情況來確定:
A. must意為「必須」時,附加問句謂語用needn't。例如:
We must clean the room, needn't we?我們必須打掃房間,是嗎?
B. mustn't意為「禁止」之意,附加問句謂語用must。例如:
The boy mustn't play with the knife, must he?
那個男孩不能玩刀子,對嗎?
C. must意為「應該」時,附加問句謂語用mustn't。例如:
We must help each other, mustn't we?我們應該互相幫助,對嗎?
D. must意為「一定;想必」表示推測時,附加問句部分謂語要根據must後面的動詞來確定。例如:

Mr Wang must be at home, isn't he?王先生一定在家,對嗎?
註:
must表示的是一種相當肯定的與事實非常接近的推測。例如:
Mr Wang must be at home.其實就相當於Mr Wang is at home.
因此,它的反意疑問句的附加問句部分是isn't he也就很容易理解了。
又如:They must be right, aren't they?

新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(六)

1) 形容詞的作用
形容詞在句子中一般充當表語、定語和賓語補足語,如:
Our school looks very beautiful. (表語)
There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定語)
Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (賓語補足語)
2) 形容詞的級別
形容詞有三種級別,即原級、比較級和最高級。當討論的對象是一個時應使用原級,當討論的對象是兩個時應使用比較級,當討論的對象在三個或更多時應使用最高級。
在形容詞原級後面加上er就成為比較級,在原級後加上est就成為最高級。一般的單音節形容詞直接加er或est,詞尾是不發音字母e的只加r或st,重讀閉音節應雙寫詞尾輔音字母再加er或est,如:
long—longer—longest,
nice—nicer—nicest,
big—bigger—biggest。
以輔音字母加y為結尾的雙音節形容詞應將y改為i再加上er或est,如:
early—earlier—earliest,
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest,
busy—busier—busiest。
多音節的形容詞比較級應在前面加上more,最高級應在前面加上most, 如:
important—more important—most important,
difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
有些特殊的形容詞有自己的變化規律, 如:

good/well—better—best, bad/badly—worse—worst,
many/much—more—most, little—less—least,
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
形容詞的比較級句型應使用連詞than或or,如:
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
上海的天氣比北京的天氣熱.
Which subject is more important, English or math?

英語和數學, 哪個學科更重要?
形容詞的最高級前應加上定冠詞the,句型中應給出比較范圍,如:
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
長江是中國最長的河流.
The third truck carries the most books of all.

第三輛卡車在所有的卡車中載書最多.
兩個人或物比較時,如果只說明兩者相同或不同,則可使用as...as...句型,否定句為not as (so)...as...句型,這里形容詞仍使用原級,如:
Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生年齡一樣大.
Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生的年齡不一樣大.

新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(七)

1. 現在進行時表示將來
當一個句子的意思涉及一個計劃好的事件或者明確的意圖時, 用現在進行時可以表示將來時間. 現在進行時的將來意義或者通過時間副詞或者通過上下文來暗示出來.

現在進行時表將來時常有「意圖」,「安排」(但不是固定不變的)或「打算」的含義。這種現在進行時比較生動,給人一種期待感,它常表示最近或較近的將來。所用動詞多是轉移動詞,如:
1) Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
2) A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine.
We are going shopping.
Would you like to come along?

2. 一般將來時和be going to 表示將來
1) 當說話人在做一個預測時, (他或她認為將來會發生或出現某種情況), will 和be going to都是可以用的.
2) 表達一種事先計劃或打算時( 說話人打算在將來做某事因為在過去他或她已制定了一個計劃或決定去做這件事),只能用be going to.
3) 表達意願時, 只能用will.

Ⅱ 八年級上冊英語語法

記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈!

現在進行時
過去式
比較級
最高級

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句:-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法:
結構:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句, 即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞:
1) Who:誰。做主語,用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關系,如果做定語,一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞:
When:何時,詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地,詢問地點, Where do you come from?
Why為什麼,詢問原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠,詢問距離, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞:表示動作發生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化,後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式,但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來,常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四.特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?

Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構:how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法:
Can 是最長用的情態動詞,其後跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can』t.
can表「能力」,意思是:能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態,常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許,意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等(用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型:
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化(課本P93)
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞,意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示「甚至,更加,還要……」even bigger還要大些,three times表示 「…三倍」,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一.可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型(當句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式
否定式:主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣,不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態,即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+(表語)+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引導的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是:
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度,包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點:(1)情態動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語,且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時,直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為「能,會,可以。」can』t, 意為「不能,不會,不可以。」,還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.

Ⅲ 深圳八年級英語上第二課的語法是什麼

八年級上英語語法點滴

1) leave的用法

1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什麼時候離開上海的?

2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。

3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你為什麼要離開上海去北京?

2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用

should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:

How should I know? 我怎麼知道?

Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?

should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:

We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。

我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:

1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:

You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。

2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。

3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:

We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。

3) What...? 與 Which...?

1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:

What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?

該句相當於:

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?

---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。

2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:

What color do you like best? (所有顏色)

你最喜愛什麼顏色?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范圍)

你最喜愛哪一種顏色?

3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:

Which pictures are from China?

哪些圖片來自中國?

4) 頻度副詞的位置

1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:

always(總是,一直)

usually(通常)

often(常常,經常)

sometimes(有時候)

never(從不)

2.頻度副詞的位置:

a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:

David is often arrives late for school.

大衛上學經常遲到。

b.放在行為動詞前。如:

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我們每天經常在7:10去上學。

c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.

有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。

3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:

Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday

1. every day 作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我們每天7:10去上學。

I decide to read English every day.

我決定每天讀英語。

2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活動是什麼?

6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。

2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice. (通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)

9) 對兩個句子的提問

新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:

句子:The boy in blue has three pens.

提問:1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:

句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提問:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用

1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況

1.在進行時態中。如:

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be結構中。如:

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介詞後面。如:

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中:

enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事

finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘記做過某事

go on doing sth 繼續做某事

remember doing sth 記得做過某事

like doing sth 喜歡做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事

try doing sth 試圖做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 寧願做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

practice doing sth 練習做某事

be busy doing sth 忙於做某事

can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事

miss doing sth 錯過做某事

12) 英語中的「單數」

1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:

man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)

3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英語中的「單數」

1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:

man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)

3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13) 名詞的復數構成的幾種形式

名詞復數的構成可分為規則變化和不規則變化兩種。

I 名詞復數的規則變化

1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks tree---trees

2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:

class---classes dish---dishes

watch---watches box---boxes

3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:

potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes hero---heroes

4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞,將-y變為-i,再加-es。如:

family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries

5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變為-v,再加-es。如:

half---halves leaf---leaves

thief---thieves knife---knives

self---selves wife---wives

life---lives wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是:

scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs

serf---serfs gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs proof---proofs

belief---beliefs

II 名詞復數的不規則變化

1.將-oo改為--ee。如:

foot---feet tooth---teeth

2.將-man改為-men。如:

man---men woman---women

policeman---policemen postman---postmen

3.添加詞尾。如:

child---children

4.單復數同形。如:

sheep---sheep deer---deer

fish---fish people---people

5.表示「某國人」的單、復數變化。即「中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加後面」。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

6.其它。如:

mouse---mice

apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers 14) 雙寫最後一個字母的-ing分詞

初中階段常見的有以下這些:

1.let→letting 讓

hit→hitting 打、撞

cut→cutting 切、割

get→getting 取、得到

sit→sitting 坐

forget→forgetting 忘記

put→putting 放

set→setting 設置

babysit→babysitting 臨時受雇照顧嬰兒

2.shop→shopping 購物

trip→tripping 絆

stop→stopping 停止

drop→dropping 放棄

3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅遊

swim→swimming 游泳

run→running 跑步

dig→digging 挖、掘

begin→beginning 開始

prefer→preferring 寧願

plan→planning 計劃

15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞

1.some變為any。如:

There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是,若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中,some可以不變。如:

Would you like some orange juice?

與此相關的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進行相應變化。

2.and變為or。如:

I have a knife and a ruler.

→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)變為many或much。如:

They have a lot of friends.(可數名詞)

→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可數名詞)

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already變為yet。如:

I have been there already.

→I haven't been there yet.16) in與after

in 與 after 都可以表示時間,但二者有所區別。

1.in 經常用於將來時的句子中,以現在為起點,表示將來一段時間。如:

He will leave for Beijing in a week.

一周後他會動身去北京。

2.after 經常用於過去時的句子中,以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間。如:

He left for Beijing after a week.

一周後他動身去了北京。

不過,如果after後跟的是具體的時刻,它也可用於將來時。如:

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.

十點後我們會完成工作的。

3.注意區分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week.

一周後我會去拜訪他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.

一周內我會去拜訪他兩次。
17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用

1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如:

There is a "b" in the word "book".

單詞book中有個字母b。

類似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife.

她有一把小刀。

2.an 用於以母音音素開頭的單詞前。如:

There is an "i" in the word "onion".

單詞onion中有個字母i。

類似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

Do you have an umbrella?

你有一把雨傘嗎?

3.以母音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:

a useful book

a universe

a one-letter word

an hour

an uncle

an umbrella

an honest person

18) 如何表達英語中的「穿、戴」?

英語中表示「穿、戴」的表達方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些:

1、put on 主要表達「穿」的動作。如:

He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示「穿、戴」的狀態。如:

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物動詞,有「給......穿衣」的意思,後接「人」,而不是「衣服」。如:

Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習慣。如:

The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿著的狀態。如:

John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)

a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有「一些、少量」的意義。他們的區別在哪裡呢?

1. a little 意為「一些、少量」,後接不可數名詞。如:

There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點水。

還可以接形容詞。如:

He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。

2. a few 意為「一些、少數」,後接復數的可數名詞。如:

There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。

3. a bit 意為「一點兒」,後接形容詞。如:

It's a bit cold. 有點冷。

a bit of 後接不可數名詞。如:

He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢。

4. a little 表肯定意義,little 表否定意義;a few 表肯定意義,few 表否定意義。如:

There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒汽水。

There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友。

Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。

5. a little = a bit of, 後接不可數名詞;

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 後接形容詞,意為「有點兒」。

20) 關於like的用法

like 可以作動詞,也可以作介詞。

1、like 作動詞,表示一般性的「愛好、喜歡」,有泛指的含義。如:

Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎?

like 後可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接動詞的-ing分詞(like doing sth),有時意思不盡相同。如:

She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。(習慣)

She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。(平常不喜歡吃)

like 與 would 連用,後接不定式,表示願望或客氣的請求。如:

Would you like a cup of tea?您願意喝杯茶嗎?

「喜歡某人做某事」可以用結構「like sb to do sth/doing sth」。如:

They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介詞,可譯成「像......」。如:

She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好,就像母親一樣。

It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子。

3、區分以下句子:

A. What does he look like?

B. What is he like?

A句譯為「他長相如何?」指一個人的外貌特徵;而B句譯為「他人怎麼樣?」指人的性格特點。

C. The boy like Peter is over there.

D. A boy like Peter can't do it.

A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth

1. stop to do sth 意為「停下來去做某事」 2. stop doing sth 意為「停止做某事 與它們相反的句式是:go on to do sth 「繼續做某事(與剛才一事不同)」和 go on doing sth 「繼續做某事(與剛才同一件事)」。
22) tell, speak, say 與 talk

1. tell 意為「告訴、講述」,指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事。如:
tell sb sth 意為「告知某人某事
tell sb to do sth 意為「告訴某人去做某事
2. speak 意為「說話、講話」,後面主要接語言 speak to 意為「和.....講話、談話」

speak of 意為「提到、說起」。如:

The book speaks of my hometown.

那本書提到我的家鄉。

3. talk 意為「談話、講話」,如果只有一方對另一方說話時,一般用 talk to;如果雙方或多方交談,多用 with。

Ⅳ 八年級上冊英語語法

中考重點句型
一、常使用動詞不定式的短語
1、It』s time to do sth.\ It』s time for sth
該作某事的時候了.
2、can』t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告訴某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 應該作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…時要做/與…無關
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 發覺作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
寧願作某事,而不願作某事
10、It』s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事對某人來說…
11、It』s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些時間
二、常用動名詞的短語
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
繼續做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 練習作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅長作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎麼樣(好嗎)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 為…感謝某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用來作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花時間作某時
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙於作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某時
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…勝過…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 習慣作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略動詞不定式的短語
1、一看二聽三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don』t you/ not do sth.為什麼不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
請你(不)作某事好嗎?
四、 同義詞比較
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘記/記得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘記記得曾經做過某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 過去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用來作某事
be used to doing sth. 習慣於作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語
…也一樣
So +主語+be/助動詞/ 情態動詞
是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點
Neither + be /助動詞/ 情態動詞+主語
…也不一樣(用於否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It』s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn』t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(從句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(對某人來說)做某事(不)夠
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can』t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can』t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知識點
1、keep +adj. 保持…狀態
keep (sb.) doing sth.
繼續做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It』s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成為
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don』t think that 我認為…不
eg. I don』t think you are right.
4、It』s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過去時… 自從…以來有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什麼意思?
eg. What do you mean by 「computer」?=What does 「computer」 mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你認為…怎麼樣?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎麼樣?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It』s said/ reported that… 據說/據報道
It's well known that 眾所周知
It's thought that 大家認為
eg. It』s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(兩者都不)
either…or…要麼…要麼/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三個詞做主語時,要用就近原則
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 兩者都不
either of 兩者選一
none of 沒有一個
以上三個做主語時,謂語動詞用單數
All of 全部 Both of 兩者都
以上二個做主語時,謂語動詞用復數
12、比較級+ than +any other +名詞單數
…比其餘任何一個…
比較級+ than + the other+名詞復數
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When(當…的時候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)這幾個詞引導的時間或條件狀語從句時,主句要用一般將來時.
從句一般現在時
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I』ll come to see you.
He won』t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won』t catch up with others.
希望我的答案對你有幫助哈

Ⅳ 人教版八年級上冊英語語法(新課標)

第一課是一般將來時:主語+will/shall(只用第一人稱)+動詞原形+其他 第二課主要掌握的是should和版could兩個情態權動詞的用法,情態動詞後面直接加動詞原形。 第三課過去進行時:主語+was(were)+v-ing+其他 第四課直接引語變間接引語 第五課if引導的條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時第六課,現在完成進行時:主語+have(has)been+v-ing+其他 第七課would you mind+v-ing could you please +動詞原形 第八課,提建議的方法 第九課現在完成時:主語+have(has)+動詞的過去分詞 第十課反義疑問句,前肯後否,前否後肯。謝謝,希望對你有幫助~!

Ⅵ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結(全部)!

一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。

或者是這樣的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法:
結構:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句, 即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞:
1) Who:誰。做主語,用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關系,如果做定語,一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞:
When:何時,詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地,詢問地點, Where do you come from?
Why為什麼,詢問原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠,詢問距離, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞:表示動作發生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化,後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式,但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來,常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四.特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?

Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構:how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法:
Can 是最長用的情態動詞,其後跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can』t.
can表「能力」,意思是:能,會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態,常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許,意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等(用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型:
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化(課本P93)
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞,意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示「甚至,更加,還要……」even bigger還要大些,three times表示 「…三倍」,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一.可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型(當句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式
否定式:主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣,不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態,即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+(表語)+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進行提問,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引導的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是:
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度,包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點:(1)情態動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語,且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時,直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為「能,會,可以。」can』t, 意為「不能,不會,不可以。」,還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧!

Ⅶ 新目標英語八年級上unit2語法

Unit Two

1. What』s the matter ? What』s the mater with you ? with為介詞,後跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。人稱代詞必須用它的賓格。

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .

3. I』m not felling well . 這里well表示身體狀況,不能用good代替

4. When did it start ? About two days ago .

5. That』s too bad .

6. I hope you fell better soon . 這里better是well的比較級

7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 這里 to be healthy是動詞不定式短語,作目的狀語

8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much後跟不可數名詞,而too many後跟可數名詞復數

9. It』s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it』s important to eat a balanced diet . → It』s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It』s important to do sth . 做某事重要

10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 這里get連系動詞,tired是形容詞作表語,屬系表結構

11. A sore throat can give you a fever . → give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物給某人

12. Don』t get stressed out. It』s not healthy . 在這里get是連系動詞,stressed out是表語

13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思為 「需要」 ,作實義動詞時,後跟動詞不定式,否定式為don』t /doesn』t / didn』t need (to do sth.) ;作情態動詞時,只能用於否定句或疑問句中,否定式為needn』t(do sth.) ,除有過去式外,沒有其它的形態變化

14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是動詞不定式短語,作目的狀語

15. I』m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now

Ⅷ 急!!!八年級上英語第二單元重點語法

http://v.ku6.com/show/zymtA8nUoNBKYSw2.html
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