Ⅰ 英語省略句的幾種形式
省略句
一. 概念
英語中,為了避免重復,常常省略句子中的一個或幾個成分,這樣的句子叫省略句
二.相關知識點精講
1. 簡單句中的省略:
在對話中,交談雙方都知道談論的對象,則可以省略句子的主語,省略主語和謂語的現象在交際用語中出現的很多。
(1)Looks like rain.
(2)Hope to hear from you soon.
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
(4)Beg your pardon.
2. 並列句中的省略:
在並列句中,相同的成分如主語,謂語,賓語等都可以省略:
(1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses.
(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
3. 復合句中的省略:
定語從句:
(1)That』s the reason he is late for the conference.
(2)I don』t like the way he talks.
狀語從句:
(1)If heated, water will boil.
(2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
賓語從句:如果賓語從句中的謂語部分與主句的謂語部分或上文的謂語部分相同,可將從句部分的謂語省略。
(1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.
動詞不定式的省略:在動詞不定式結構中,為了避免重復,常常省略不定式結構中的動詞原形,只保留to。
(1)—Would you like to go with us ?
—I』m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
(2)Don』t tell me the name of the sailor if you don』t want to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等結構中,常常省略to後面的動詞原形。
(1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
(2)He doesn』t get up early as he used to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等動詞的賓語後面接動詞不定式做賓語補足語時,可以省略to後面的動詞原形。
(1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
(2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
Ⅱ 高中英語語法省略句怎麼講解
省略句其實不用作為一項專題來講解,
因為在英語中省略無處不在,在講到具體的回語法點時,比答如講到時間狀語從句時,帶著講一下時間狀語從句的省略就行了。
也就是只能在具體的語法點里,如果有省略的用法就帶著講一下,等語法點講的差不多了,省略的用法也就基本上都帶到了,這時再來簡單總結一下即可,畢竟省略不是重點。
Ⅲ 英語省略的知識點
高中英語省略句
為了使話說得簡明扼要,英語句子中某個單詞、短語甚至從句或主句都可以省去。這種省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不變的現象,稱為省略(ellipsis)
種類
例句
說明
主語的省略
Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isn』t it?
Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea.)
有時也可省略整個句子的主語和謂語,只保留次要成分。
She was poor but (she was) honest.
--Did you know anything about the accident?
--Not until you told me. (= I didn』t know anything about it until you told me.)
謂語的省略
--what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).
狀語從句的省略
Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys.
If (it is) possible, I』ll go there with you.
注意狀語從句中的主語同主句主語的一致性。
不定式的省略
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)
--Alice, why didn』t you come yesterday?
--I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor.
若不定式後面是完成時,省略時應保留have;不定式後含有動詞be的結構時,也要保留be動詞。
--Did you tell him the news?
--I ought to have (told him the news), but I didn』t know how to speak.
--Are you an engineer?
--No, but I want to be.
Ⅰ、狀語從句中的省略用法
一、 如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致,且從句的謂語含有be動詞的某種形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同時省略從句的主語和be動詞的某種形式。
1、 when,while引導的時間狀語從句
e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、 if,unless,once引導的條件狀語從句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
I』ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3、 though,although,whether,no matter whether/what/how/who等引導的讓步狀語從句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.(註:從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時,只省略從句中的be動詞形式)
4、 as if,as though引導的方式狀語從句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.(as if/though + to do表示一個將來的動作)
二、 than,as引導的比較狀語從句中的省略用法:當不同的主語進行比較時,一般省略從句中的謂語;當從句中的主語與謂語(be動詞除外)和主句中的主語與謂語相同時,通常省略從句中的主語和謂語,只保留比較部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.
三、 以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
Ⅱ、定語從句中的省略用法
關系詞的省略 關系代詞that,which,whom等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位於介詞之後時,可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way後作方式狀語從句時可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don』t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略
1、 當條件狀語從句中有were,had,should等時省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、 Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞後接的從句中,謂語動詞常用「should+動詞原形」,should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符號to的省略
1、 感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動詞have,make,let等後接不定式作賓語時,不定式省略to。(一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、 do nothing but,can』t help but等結構常接省略to的不定式。
E.g. We didn』t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn』t help but cry.
3、 在特定語境中為了避免重復,當不定式再次出現時,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate後往往只保留to,而省略後面的動詞。但不定式後有be,have時,也保留be和have。
E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn』t want to.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用於避免重復前面所說過的內容,替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句。可與believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I』m afraid等連用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略
在情景會話中,答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分,而只保留對方希望了解的內容。在復合句或並列句中,也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
Ⅳ 關於英語語法的問題: 省略句的語法,舉幾個例子。
狀語從句的省抄略:主句主語和從句主語一致且從句謂語動詞含有動詞BE省略從句的主語和BE。
When( I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.
I won't go unless (I am) invited.
Ⅳ 省略的英語語法
「省略」來
⒈omit; to abridge; to abbreviate; to leave out
⒉[Grammar] ellipsis; abbreviation
為了使語言簡自潔或避免重復,省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分,這種語法現象稱為省略。
被省略的部分
1 主語
例句: 1 Beg your pardon.
2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.
2謂語或謂語的一部分
例句: 1(Is there)Anything I can do for you?
2(Is) Anybody here?
3賓語
例句: A:Where is Tom now?
B:I don't know (where Tom is now).
4不定式to後省略動詞
例句: 1 A:Would you like to come to the party?
B:I'd love to(come to the party.)
2 They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).
Ⅵ 關於英語語法的問題:省略句的語法,舉幾個例子.
狀語從句的省略:主句主語和從句主語一致且從句謂語動詞含有動詞回BE省略從句的主語答和BE.
When( I was) in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures.
I won't go unless (I am) invited.
Ⅶ 在英語中省略的用法
省略句(elliptical sentences)
定義:省略句是英語的一種習慣用法。按照語法的分析,句子應該具備的成分,有時出於修辭上的需要,為了避免重復、突出新信息使上下文緊密連接的修辭手段。
省略的部分:單詞、短語、分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關系,不容臆斷
一、哪些部分可以省略
(一)省略單詞 1、省略介詞
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四個小時復習功課。 I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已學五年英語了。 2、省略連詞
I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你們會成功的。 It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遺憾。 I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她會幫你的。 3、省略關系代詞
I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看過我昨天買的書了。 二、省略句子成分
1、省略主語
Beg your pardon. (我)請你原諒。( Beg 前省略了主語 I ) Take care! 當心!( Take 前省略了主語 you ) Looks as if it will rain. 看起來象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主語 it ) 2、省略謂語
Who next? 該誰了?( Who 後面省略了謂語 comes )
The river was deep and the ice thin. ( ice 後面省略了 was ) We ' ll do the best we can. 我們將盡力而為。( can 後面省略了動詞 do )
3、省略表語
Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准備好了嗎? 我准備好了。( am 後面省略了 ready ) He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他還是象年輕時那樣,是一位運動愛好者。( had been 後面省略了 a lover of sports ) 4、省略賓語
Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 讓我們洗碗吧,我來洗,你來揩乾。( wash 和 dry 後面省略了賓語 dishes )
5、省略定語
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那錢他花了部分,其餘的他都存了起來。( the rest 後面省略了定語 of the money )
6、省略狀語
He was not hurt. Strange! 他沒有受傷,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了狀語 how )
二、什麼句式中可以省略
1. 簡單句中的省略: 在對話中,交談雙方都知道談論的對象,則可以省略句子的主語,省略主語和謂語的現象在交際用語中出現的很多。 如省略it 和 主語 I (1)Looks like rain. (it)
(2)Hope to hear from you soon. (I)
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
2. 並列句中的省略:在並列句中,相同的成分如主語,謂語,賓語等都可以省略: (1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses. (3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
3. 復合句中的省略: 定語從句:(1)That』s the reason he is late for the conference.
狀語從句:(1)If heated, water will boil. (2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. 賓語從句:如果賓語從句中的謂語部分與主句的謂語部分或上文的謂語部分相同,可將從句部分的謂語省略。
(1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.
(2)—Is Mr. King in his office? —Sorry, I don』t know(whether he is in his office or not).
4. 動詞不定式的省略:在動詞不定式結構中,為避免重復,常常省略不定式結構中的動詞原形,只保留to。 (1)—Would you like to go with us ? —I』m glad to*, but I have to finish my homework.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等結構中,常常省略to後面的動詞原形。 (1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to* (2)He doesn』t get up early as he used to*. (3)I』ll hand it in if I have to*.
(4)—Would you like to come tonight ? —I』d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等動詞的賓語後接動詞不定式做賓語補足語時,可以省略to後的動詞原形。 (1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
(2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
三、特殊用法 一、原文「空缺」,譯文「增補」
兩個主語不同的句子,謂語有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用連詞連接起來進行對比,則其相同部分在後面分句中可以省略,這樣,後面分句中就出現「空缺」現象。「空缺」處通常被省略的是動詞,或動詞及其賓語、補足語等。漢譯時不妨採用「補齊」的方法。
例如:A sound must be heard,a colour seen,a flavour tasted,an odour inhaled.,顏色必須目視,滋味必須口嘗,氣味必須鼻吸。(後三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise;mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.;數學使人精細;邏輯和修辭使人善辯。(原文後兩句省略make men) 二、英語狀語從句中的省略部分可不譯
than引出的比較從句中,套有when引導的時間從句或if引導的條件從句,而且該比較從句中的省略部分與整個句子的主要結構一致時則比較從句的省略部分可省略不譯。例如:
My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身體比我上次給你去信時好些了(...than後面省略了he was) 三、對英語中一些特殊省略結構譯法需靈活,指的是按正常語法規則分析,有的無法增補,有的要用不同的方式來增補,使之成為完全句。因此,漢譯英時,視上下文加以靈活處理。
1.「賓語+主語+謂語„„and +謂語」結構
其中and連接的,是用作不同成分的同一個詞,這個詞既是第一分句的賓語,又是第二分句的主語。此結構的特點是,把賓語提到句首,使之兼任後一分句的主語,達到簡化句子結構的目的。漢譯時,可仍先譯賓語,不必改變原文的語序。例如:
This substance we call water,and come next only to oxygen.這種物質稱為水,其重要性僅次於氧。(=We call this substance water,and this substance comes next only to oxygen.) 2.以「Hence +名詞」開頭的結構
hence是表示結果意義的連接副詞,hence前面的句子表示原因,hence後面則省略了類似 come的動詞。它是倒裝句。例如:
Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment因此,有這本實驗說明書。 3.某些常用片語引導的省略疑問句,通常不需要寫出其省略部分。例如: How(is it)about the result?結果怎麼樣呢?
4.由習語組成的省略結構 So much is for the foundry processes.工藝過程的內容就是這些。(=Enough has been said or done about...;That is all we'll say about...) Now for the sound-wave method.現在談談風波方法。(=And we will now talk about...) The grinding machine you operate must be oiled,and that at once.油,而且要馬上上油。(and that是個加強語氣的省略結構。that是指示代詞,代替上文的全部,與and連用表示強調,後接狀語。=andmustbeoiledat可譯為「而且」。)
四、介詞(短語)的「無勝於有」
英語介詞(短語)應用之頻繁,簡直到了「不可稍離」的地步。它是功能詞中最積極、最活躍之一。但有時,為了用詞簡潔精練,在上下文意境清楚的前提下,介詞常常省略。譯文中也要採取相應的簡潔表達手法。
1. 動名詞-ing前,有時省略介詞。
Most people just ruin scissors by)trying to sharpen them.大多數人想把剪刀磨快,結果卻磨壞了。 2. 在含有way,height,length,size,shape, ckness等慣用語前,有時省略介詞。 Try to keep your letters on)this side of 500 words.寫信請勿超過五百字。
3. 在以next,this,one,every,each,some,等開頭的時間狀語前,有時省略介詞。 Nine days(from)now will be May Day.起再過九天,便是五一節。
4. 在「noun +participle」,「noun +and all」結構中,有時省略介詞「with」。 He jumped into the water, (with his)clothes and all.他和著衣服跳進水裡。 5. 某些動詞、名詞、形容詞習慣搭配中的介詞(短語),在以what,when,how,whether,that出的從句
或不定式短語之前,有時被省略。例如: I am not informed(as to)whether he went,why from.我沒聽說他是否去了,為什麼去,什麼時候去,來自何地方。(省略與informed搭配的介詞as to。) They are tempered to be careless (of)how they spend their time,because they imagine they have so much of it.對於如何支配時間,他們總是漫不經心,因為他們認為時間多的是。(省略與形容詞careless搭配的介詞of。)