❶ 高一必修一英語第一單元講義
因為新課復標,各地使用的教材制都不一樣,所以就算是英語必修一,教材以及相對的同步類教學輔導書也分出不同的版本,像《教材完全解讀》這樣的就有人教、北師、譯林牛津、外研、重大等。對對應的教材,以課程為單位進行知識點總結與歸納、考點易錯點的分析,還有教材習題的答案與解析,就可以用來備考。
人教的適用范圍大一些,就讓你看看這一本的,一開頭是學霸筆記,是對必修一這一本書知識點的總結(點擊可以看大圖的)
❷ 高一英語必修一第一單元語法
直接引語與間接引語面面觀(一)
在英語語言交際中,引述別人的話有兩種方式:直接引語和間接引語。直接引語是直接引述別人的原話,在書面語中經常將其放在引號中。間接引語是用自己的話轉述別人的話,無需加引號,在多數情況下間接引語可以構成賓語從句。接下來我們認識一下直接引語與間接引語:
1. MrsSmith said, 「I am going to New Yorktomorrow.」(引號中的內容為直接引語)
2. MrsSmith said that she was going to New York the next day. (劃線部分為間接引語)
細心的同學可能已經發現句1中的直接引語在變成句2中的間接引語時某些成分已經發生了變化,如: I變成了she, am變成了was, tomorrow則變成了the next day。在日常交際中,當我們需要在這兩種引語之間轉換時,究竟有什麼規律可循呢?
首先,如果直接引語為陳述句、疑問句,變為間接引語時,就成為一個賓語從句,所以自然要符合賓語從句的語法要求。從句的一些共性特點是:一、陳述語序;二、恰當的連接詞;三、時態要求。除此之外,直接引語變為間接引語仍有一些具體的語法要求,以下結合實例逐一解析。
一、人稱的變化
將直接引語變為間接引語時,一定要注意人稱的變化,否則會使整個句子意思混亂。觀察下列幾組句子中人稱的變化,注意其變化規律。
1. She said, 「My friends want to visit me.」→ She said her friends wanted to visither.
2. He said to Kate, 「How is your work now?」→ He asked Kate how her work was then.
3. Tom said, 「You』d better carry an umbrella just incase, Mary.」→ Tom said that Mary had better carryan umbrella just in case.
4. Mr Smith said, 「Jack is a good worker.」→ Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
【自我歸納】人稱變化須牢記:從一隨主,從二隨賓,從三人稱不更新。
「從一隨主」是指如果直接引語中的主語是第一人稱時,從句中的人稱變化要隨主句中 ______的人稱變化,如第1組例句。
「從二隨賓」是指如果直接引語中的主語是第二人稱時,從句中的人稱變化要與主句中的______一致,如第2組例句;如果主句沒有賓語,則需觀察主句主語的交際對象,如第3組例句,此句中Tom的說話對象為______, 故間接引語中的主語變化為Mary。
「從三人稱不更新」是指如果直接引語中的主語及賓語是第三人稱時,從句中的人稱一般______,如第4組例句。
二、時態的變化
直接引語變為間接引語時,從句的謂語動詞在時態上要做相應的變化。具體變化如下:
直接引語
間接引語
一般現在時
一般過去時
一般將來時
過去將來時
現在進行時
過去進行時
現在完成時
過去完成時
一般過去時
過去完成時
過去完成時
過去完成時
【即學即練】根據以上原則完成下列句子。
1. She said, 「I have lost my bike.」→ She said she ______ her bike.
2. She said, 「We hope so.」→ She said they ______ so.
3. He said, 「She will go to see her friend.」→ He said she ______ to see herfriend.
注意:在以下幾種情況下,直接引語變為間接引語時,時態不變化。
1. 直接引語是客觀事實、科學真理及名言警句時。如:The teacher said to us, 「Light travels much fasterthan sound.」→ The teacher told us that lighttravels much faster than sound.
2. 直接引語是過去進行時,時態不變。如:Mother said, 「John, what were you doingat 8 o』clock last night?」→ Mother asked John what he was doingat 8 o』clock the night before.
3. 如果直接引語中的情態動詞無過去式(如:ought to, had better, usedto)或已經是過去式(如:could, should, would,might)時,則不再變化。如: He said, 「You should come hereearlier tomorrow.」→ He said I should go thereearlier the next day.
4. 如一般過去時有表示具體時間的狀語,也可以不變。如:She said, 「I was born in 1995.」→ She said (that) she was born in1995.
三、狀語及其他成分的變化
直接引語變為間接引語時,時間狀語和地點狀語也要做相應的變化。如: now → then;today → that day; tonight → that night;yesterday → the day before;tomorrow → the next day;last month → the month before等;地點狀語here → there;指示代詞this → that, these → those;動詞come → go, bring → take等。
注意:以上這些變化要視情況而定,不能死搬教條,如果轉述就在當天當地則不需要進行時間及地點的轉換。
四、句型的變化
觀察下列幾組句子中直接引語和間接引語的轉換中句型的變化規律,並試著總結歸納。
1. She said, 「Our train will leave in severalminutes.」→ She said that their train wouldleave in several minutes.
2. He said, 「Can you dance, Ted?」→ He asked Ted whether / if he coulddance.
3. 「You have tidied your room, haven』t you?」 my mother asked. → My mother asked mewhether I had tidied my room.
4. She asked me, 「When will you start?」→ She asked me when I would start.
【自我歸納】
1. 直接引語如果是陳述句,間接引語應改為由______(可省略)引導的賓語從句。
2. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應改為由______引導的賓語從句。
3. 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句,間接引語應改為由原來的疑問詞引導的賓語從句。
【即學即練】閱讀下列幾組直接引語變為間接引語的句子,判斷其正(T)誤(F)並改正其中的錯誤。
1. 「What did you do yesterday, Jenny?」 said themother.
→ The mother asked Jenny what she haddone the day before.
2. The little kid said, 「How can I get that toy?」
→ The little kid asked how could heget that toy.
3. He said, 「The Olympic Games are held every fouryears.」
→ He said that the Olympic Games wereheld every four years.
Key:
一、【自我歸納】主語;賓語;Mary;不需要變化
二、【即學即練】 1. had lost 2.hoped 3. would go
四、【自我歸納】 1. that 2.whether / if
【即學即練】
1. T。
2. F。how could he改為how he could
3. F。were改為are
❸ 高一必修一英語第一單元的語法
你不要去管這一課是什麼語法,這樣似乎不是一個學習的方法,況且高中也就這么幾個語法,多看看,多做做就行了
❹ 高中必修一第一單元英語語法
直間接引語的相互轉換。
「I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary,」said Anne.直接引語
Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.間接引語
「Does a friend always have to be a person?」the writer asks us.
The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.
人稱的變化回
時態的變化
疑問句的變化
親:答高老師祝你學習進步,每天都開心V_V!
望採納,thanks(thx)!
❺ 必修一英語一單元語法講解
直接引語和間接引語
引述某人的話一般採用兩種形式:一種是直接引語(Direct Speech),即原封不動地引用原話,把它放在引號內;另一種是間接引語(Indirect Speech),即用自己的話加以轉述,被轉述的內容不放在引號內。
一、 直接引語變間接引語
A. 陳述句的間接引語
直接引語是陳述句,變為間接引語時,在多數情況下都構成一個that引導的賓語從句,引述動詞通常是say, tell等。與此同時,間接引語中的人稱、時態和其他方面也要相應有所變化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告訴我:我很喜歡北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告訴我說他(她)很喜歡北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports. 她說:我們都喜歡體育運動。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她說他(她)們都喜歡體運動。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他說:我將把語法課再復習一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他說他將要把語法課再復習一遍。(that可省略)
B. 疑問句的間接引語
1.一般疑問句和反意疑問句
一般疑問句改為間接引語時,要用陳述語序,並要加連詞if 或 whether,其主句動詞常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用問號。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老師問我:你喜歡美國鄉村音樂嗎?
→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老師問我是否喜歡美國鄉村音樂。
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他問:你沒去過北,是嗎?
→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他問我是否去過北京。
2.否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句
如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時,用whether
❻ 人教版高一英語必修一各個單元的語法知識點
一. 一般現在時
1. 表示主語現在所處的狀態及其所具備的特徵、性格、能力等
例如:I am a girl.
2. 表示習慣性、經常性的動作
例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 標志性的詞語
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助於為第三人稱單數(he she it)則動詞要用單三現
二. 現在進行時
1. 說話時正在進行的動作
例如:I am reading.
2.表示即將發生的動作,多用於go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中,句子中常常有時間狀語
例如:The plane is going to Beijing.
3.當句子中出現了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如:I am always thinking of you.
三. 倍數比較
1.A+系動詞+倍數詞+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如:The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系動詞+倍數詞+adj\adv的比較級+than+B
例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系動詞+倍數詞+the size\amount(數量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如:The class is twice the size of that class.
四. With的復合結構
1. With+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語根據邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語,如形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等,with在復合結構中常作狀語
2.常用結構
○1with+賓語+doing
表主動與進行
例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+賓語+done
表被動與完成
例如:With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+賓語+to do
表將來
例如:With so many thing to deal with.
五. 現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時
1.基本表達式(I have been doing )
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2.表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作,並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。(動作還將繼續下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。(動作還將繼續下去)
3.表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經等你半個鍾頭了(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會繼續等)
4.有些現在完成進行時的句子等同的句子。
例如:They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經工作五年了。
5.大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
例如:I have been writing a book.(動作還將繼續下去)
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.(動作已經完成)
我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。
6.表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
例如:I have known him for years.
我認識他已經好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有:love愛,like喜歡, hate討厭,等。
注意:比較過去時與現在完成時
1.過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3.現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如: I saw this film yesterday.
(強調看的動作發生過了。)
I have seen this film.
(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(強調起床的動作已發生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(強調有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六.過去完成時
1. 概念:表示過去的過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2. 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3.過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七.現在完成進行時
1.其構成形式如下:
I / we / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞 功用如下:
2. 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3.表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.
4. 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在,可以包括現在在內的一個階段內,重復發生的行動,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5. 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響,而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身,如:
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
現在完成時有否定結構、而現在完成進行時沒有否定結構。 現在完成時態可表示做完的時期以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以 現在完成進行時的否定結構 現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。
如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven』t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn』t been working for me and I haven』t has that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過,我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
6.否定句構成:
主語+has/have+not+been+現在分詞
7.一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他
❼ 高中英語必修一unit1知識點
http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0810/07/5494901_229333988.shtml
您可以去這個網站看一下~
希望對您有版所幫助~權
❽ 高一英語必修一第一單元語法詳解
http://ke..com/view/56536.html
http://news.hongen.com/news/show_34_63.html
http://www.sdz.cn/student/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=540
http://www.yygrammar.co
http://www.jbstudy.com/Webmoles/Repository/OutlineInfo.aspx?OutlineID=286m/Article/adjc/Index.html