1. 英語語法 三句並列
第一句是並列句
相當於祈使句+and=if…,…
one more hour省略了give me
第二句if已經是條件狀語從句了內,and是並列句的連詞,不能容一起用的
第三句,也不能加and,過去分詞作狀語
2. 英語並列結構問題
並列結構
並列(COORDINATION)與從屬(suBoRDINATION)是兩種重要的表態手段，它們能夠把兩個或兩個以上的信息連接起來表示出它們之間的相互關系，是同等的重要．還是有主次之分。比如這里有兩句活：
Tom was doing his homework．
Jim was sleeping．
如果說話人認為這兩句話所傳遞的信息在重要性上差不多是相等的，就可以把它們一前一後地排列起來，或者用並列連詞把它們連接起來：
Tom was doing his homework． Jim was deeping
Tom was doing his homework，and Jim was sIeeping
如果在說話人看來，這兩句話並非向等重要，便可以通過從屬手段位次要的信息川現在從威分句中，而使主要的信息小現在主句中：
While Tom was doing his homework，Jim was sIeeping．
或者：
while Jim was sleeping，Tom was doing his homework．
在上述第一個復雜句巾，說話人把jim was sleeping放在主導的地位，而在第二個復雜句中，則是把Tom was doing his homework
放在主導的地位。這樣一來，原來的兩句句話在語義上便有主次之分了。由此可見，並列與從屬是在表意中權衡輕重，調節說話口氣的語法手段之一。
1 並列結構的語法特徵
並列結構可以是詞和詞的並列，可以是的組和片語的並列，也可以是分句和分句的並列。就並列項目的多少米說，並列結構既可以是雙項並列，也可以是多項並列。
I) 雙項並列
雙項並列指兩個詞、兩個片語或者兩個分句的並列，"的並列結構形式。例如：
He is an intelligent and hardworking young man.
That was an exciting but dangerous trip.
Both the parents and their children want to live in the country
(住在鄉下)．
My father is old,but he is still in good health.
He won't live in the city,nor will his wife.
The man was with a wife but without children.
由上述諸例可以看出，並列結構通常都帶有並列連詞(cooRDLNAToR),並列連詞所連接的兩個項目通常是詞類相同或者結構相同，句法功能也相同。 在上述第一例中出and連接的兩個項目都是形容詞，而且都是作young man的前置修飾話，這就是說並列項目都是在同一語法層次上。反之，如果兩個項目的詞類不同(比如一個是形容詞，一個是名詞)，或者句法功能不向(比如一個是作名詞修飾語，一個是作補語)，那就不可能構成並列關系。如果詞類相問，句法功能也相同，可是語法層次不同，那也不可能並列起來。例如；
a hrdworking young man
a well-known medical school
在上述第一例中hardworking和youn 雖然都是形容詞作名詞的前置修飾語，但youg 修飾man，而hafdworking則修飾yougman，因此hardworking和young不在同一層次上，從而不是並列關系。同樣地，在上述第二例中medical修飾schoo1，而well-known則是修飾礎medical school，因此也不是並列關系。 2)多項並列 多項並列指由三個或三個以上項目構成的並列結構。在多項並列結構中，通常是在前面的每個並列項目之後用逗號，在最後一個並列項目之前用連詞。例如：
Tbere is a bed, a wardrobe, a desk, and several chairs in the rom
Among the guests were the Hwiers,the Browns, Professor Lee,
and some relatives of hers.
在多項並列結構中，為了達到一定的修辭目的也可以統統用逗號，不用連詞；或者統統用連詞，不用逗號。例如：
our tain qujckIy passed Suzhow,Wuxi，Zhangzhou,
and arrived at Nanjing about noon time.
在上述一例中，多項並列結構統統用逗號，給人以節奏明快的感覺。
語法結構英語的並列連詞就結構形式來說分為單詞並列連詞(SINGLE-WORD C00RDINATOR)，如and，or but：nor yet so； 關聯並列連詞(CORRELATIVE C00RDINATOR)，如both…and，not only…but(also)，eiher...or，neither…nor，not…but等。此外還有連詞for是介乎並列連河和從屬連詞之間的，本書把它也放在並列連詞中處理。
從語義上劃分，英語的並列連詞義可分為表示語義增進的並列表示因果的並列連詞。
I．表示語義增進的並列連詞
表示語義增進的並列連詞以and為代表，not only．．but(aIso)，nor，neither．．nor等。
語義增進是連詞and所表示的主要意義。
He bought a table and two chairs．
I am interested jn chemitry(化學)and in mathematics(數學)。 John did the work,and he did it wel (約翰做了這件事．而且 做得好。)
You doubt his capacity,and with reson (你懷疑他的能力， 而 且有理由懷疑、)
表示語義增進，and有時還可出現了句首，這主要用於非正式語體。
例如：
Well he doesn't have a fever .And his pulse is fine.
"Just a litt[e cold，Chartie，"say the doctor"Better stay inside
today, Charlie．And take it easy．"
"Did you serve in either or my last two campaigns?"
除表爾語義增進，連詞and還可用於其他意義。比如表示對比和轉折： He was city-bred(在城裡長大的)，and she was country-bred(在 鄉間氏大的)-She was rough(粗魯)，and he was gentle(文雅)． He is Jack of a11 trades and masterr of none． (他樣樣劊5會， 門 門不箱。)
There is all talk and no action. (盡是空談，沒有行動.)
He is so rich and lives like a beggar (他北常富有，而生活卻象乞丐一般。)
又例如麥不條件：
Tell him anything，and he just looks at you blankly
(=If you tell him anything，he just looks at you bIankly．)
Give me some more time，and I will show you how it can be done.
Think it over again and you'll find a way out
both...and是對加and意義的強化。例如：
Both Mary and her mother were not there
She is weIl known both for her kindness and for her intelligence．
要注意，both...and在用法上也不完全與and相同。比如我們可以說：
Mary and her mother were not there．
卻通常不說：*Both Mary and her mother were not there．而應說；
Neither Mary nor her mother was there．
又例如and可用來連接兩個分句，而both...and不可以.比如我們可以說：
Mary went marketing,and her mother did the cooking.
卻不可以說：
*Both Mary went marketing, and her mother did the cooking．
再者，and可以連接兩個以上的項目，而both…and卻只限於兩
項。比如我們可以說：
He can sing and dance and play the violin.
He can both sing and dance．
卻和可以說：
*He can both sing and dance and pIay the vioIin．
not only．．．but(aIso)與both．．and意義相近，但側重在後一並列成
分。例如：
NOt only the mother but also the children are sick．
She can not only speak English but also write in it．
與both…and不同，not only...but(also)可用來連接兩個分句，作這種用法時，not only所引導的分句需用倒裝詞序。例如：
Not only was everything he had taken away from him,but also
his German citizenship.(德國公民資格)．
nor，neither…nor是表示否定的語義增進，這就是說，如果上文是個否定結構，下文可用nor表示否定意義的增進。例如：
He is not interesed in physics(物理學)，nor in biology(生物學)．
The job cannot be done by you，nor by me，nor by anyone else．
It was not anger nor surprise，nor disapproval，nor horror, nor
any of the emotions she had been prepared for．
如果用nor連接分句，隨後得用倒裝詞序。例如；
*Both Mary went marketing, and her mother did the cooking．
再者，and可以連接兩個以上的項目，而both…and卻只限於兩項。比如我們可以說：
He can sing and dance and play the violin.
He can both sing and dance．
卻和可以說：
*He can both sing and dance and pIay the vioIin．
not only．．．but(aIso)與both．．and意義相近，但側重在後一並列成分。例如：
NOt only the mother but also the children are sick．
She can not only speak English but also write in it．
與both…and不同，not only...but(also)可用來連接兩個分句，作這種用法時，not only所引導的分句需用倒裝詞序。例如：
Not only was everything he had taken away from him,but also
his German citizenship.(德國公民資格)．
nor，neither…nor是表示否定的語義增進，這就是說，如果上文是個否定結構，下文可用nor表示否定意義的增進。例如：
He is not interesed in physics(物理學)，nor in biology(生物學)．
The job cannot be done by you，nor by me，nor by anyone else．
It was not anger nor surprise，nor disapproval，nor horror, nor
any of the emotions she had been prepared for．
如果用nor連接分句，隨後得用倒裝詞序。例如；
I don't want to go,nor will my wife．
neither... nor表示"既不……又不"的含義，加強了否定的意義例如：
Neither my father nor I will go there
He neither ate,nor drank,nor smoked．
如果用neither…nor連接兩個分句，兩者都要用倒裝詞序。
Neither has he called on her ,nor wtll he do so．
Neither has she much time, nor have I．
在下列諸句中，ne此er可用於nor的意義，但不是並列連厲接副詞：
She didn't give anything and neither did he．
=She didn't give anything，nor did he．
=She didn't give anything；neither did he．
The men were not well-dressed Nor/neither were the women
She hasn't much time and neitherr have I．
2) 表示語義轉折和對比的並列連詞
表示語義轉拆和對比的並列連詞以but為代表，此外還有
not...but,yet,whereas, while，only等。例如：
He is hard-working but not very intelligent .
He would like to go, but he can't.
we were comingto see you , but it rained(so we didn't).
They would have written to you, but you told them not to.
Hc would have said no,but he was afraid．
和and一樣，並列連詞but也可出現於句首，表示語義轉折，
趙連接上下句的作用。例如：
When Galileo toId people of his discovery(發現)，no one would
believe him． But Galileo was not discouraged.
When she saw that Abraham liked reading，she did all she could
to help him． But the family was poor and the boy could not get
many books.
基本連詞英語常用並列連詞，如：and/but/so/yet/for/nor/or/notonly/……butalso/either…or或neither…nor等連接兩個或幾個同等成分，這種結構稱為並列結構。連接的同等成分可以是動詞的賓語、介詞短語或名詞的定語等。
例1：In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
例2：Astrophysicists working with ground?based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
例3：It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner ofworking; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
內容補充連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：並列連詞和從屬連詞。並列連詞用來連接平行的詞、片語和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。
1. 並列連詞 並列連詞用來連接屬於同一層次並具有相同句法功能的詞；短語或句子。並列連詞包括：基本並列連詞如 and, or , but , 關聯連詞如 either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介於並列連詞與從屬連詞之間的連詞；介於並列連詞與從屬連詞或介詞之間的結構如 as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外還有些'半連接詞'，一些語法學家把它們稱為連接副詞，如 nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它們在句中做連接性狀語。這類連詞主要是從邏輯上，而不是從形式上連接句子，其關系比較鬆散。
1) 表示意義轉折和對比的並列連詞
常見的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等詞語。
2) 表示選擇的並列連詞
常見的有： or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如：
Either ...or 和 whether...or 表示選擇，其意義比單用 or 要強，但由 whetrher...or 構成的並列結構一般只能擔任句子的從屬成分。上例中最後一句， whether...or 結構在句中擔任句子的從屬成分。 Either ...or 和 or 一樣，可以連接兩個並列的獨立分句，而 whether...or 則不可以。 or 用於表示否定的條件意義時，有時可與連用。
Or 連接主語時，如主語都是單數，動詞則取單數形式；如主語都是復數，動詞則取復數形式，如果主語有的是復數，動詞則取復數形式，如果主語有的是單數，有的是復數，動詞的數則與它靠近的主語的數相一致。
連接兩個主語時，動詞的數也應與靠近他的主語的數相一致。例如：
Neither he nor I am a good student.
3) 表示因果意義的並列並列連詞
常見的有： for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：
The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped.
It rained , therefore the game was called off.
表示原因的並列連詞只有 for ，它所引導的分句只是對前一分句補充說明理由或推斷原因。 for 引導的分句只能置於句末，而且必須用逗號與前一分句隔開。上面所提到的 so,therefore 等詞，有的語法學家把它們做為連接性狀語。
4) 表示聯合關系的並列連詞
常見的有： and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。
當 neither...nor, not only ...but also 連接主語時，動詞的數則與靠近它的主語的數相一致。 Both ...and 不能連接兩個以上的並列成分，也不能連接分句。例如： 誤：Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it.
5) 其它並列連詞
常見的有： as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等.
(1) as well as 表示 '同' 和 '也' 的意義
as well as 用作並列連詞時它意義相當於 not only...but also, 但側重點在後一並列成分上而 as well as 側重點卻在前一並列成分上 ,A as well as B=not only B but also A.
(2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如:
(3) rather than 表示 '
3. 英語語法並列主語的主謂一致問題
A promotion, a huge pay rise and a contract saying I would never publish anything about my work 是主語，後面的 was offered to me 是被動語態的謂語部分。
顯而易見，主語部分是動回名詞短語的復合結構，答其中的 a promotion, a huge pay rise and a contract 是動名詞 saying 的邏輯主語，後面 I would never publish anything about my work 是動名詞帶的賓語從句。短語作主語屬於單數概念，所以後面要用 was offered to me。這句話的意思是 「一次升職、一種大幅度的提薪和一種契約表明我從來不會透露有關自己工作的任何信息這種事情被提供給我（直譯）」。
4. 並列句的結構及用法
常見的並列句：
(1) 用來連接兩個並列概念的連接詞有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…,
as well as等,and所連接的前後分句往往表示平行關系、順接關系、對照關系、先後關系、遞進關系。前後分句的時態往往保持一致關系,若第一個分句是祈使句,那麼第二個分句用將來時。
①He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜歡踢足球，並且踢得很好。
②Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus.
③as well as是英語中常用的連接詞(並列連詞)，側重於前項。
The child is lively as well as healthy. 這孩子既健康又活潑。
= The child is not only lively but also healthy.
(2) 表示在兩者之間選擇一個, 常用的連接詞有or, otherwise, either…or…等,前後分句的時態往往保持一致關系,若第一個分句是祈使句,那麼第二個分句用將來時。
①Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．（or譯為：或者）
②Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. （or譯為：否則）
(3) 表明兩個概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者轉折, 常用的連接詞有but, yet, still ,however, while(而)等,前後分句時態一致。
①It has no mouth, but it can talk.
它沒有嘴巴，但是它會說話。（前後彼此矛盾，表示轉折）
②School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.
學校放學了，可是老師們仍然在工作。（前後彼此矛盾，表示轉折）
③He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist.
他想當作家，而我則想當科學家。（前後不矛盾，只是表示轉折）
(4) 說明原因或理由, 用連接詞for ,前後分句時態一致。
He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。
他有許多好朋友，因為他是個誠實的男子漢。
(5) 表示結果,用連接詞so, 前後分句時態一致。
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead．
李老師回家鄉去了，所以王老師代他的課。
5. 英語語法 當and連接兩個並列結構的時候,有時前面有逗號,有時沒有,這有什麼區別嗎
連接短語或詞時基本沒有區別 連接句子一般都是加逗號的
二樓說得很對 如果是三個以上的名詞會出現 A,B and C
另外在連接兩個獨立的句子時 （可以表示因果 承接 或者並列關系）
I slept late last night,and I got up late this morning.
此處作為習慣一般不去掉逗號 而是以分句形式
His father is a doctor,and his mother is a teacher.
兩個分句沒有因果關系 只是並列的結構 但用逗號連接
6. 英語中並列成分和句子結構分析與解答~
驚訝的抄學生們盯著，搖搖頭，打開手機中的相機，一些人忍不住問「那是馬？」
shocked students stare,shake their heads, pull out their cell phone cameras and （some ）can't help asking " Is that a horse?
應是4個連續動作，但最後一個動作的並非全部students發出的，故加some強調一下。
7. 並列結構的語法結構
並列結構指的是由並列連詞and、but、：not…but、while、or、or else, either…or、so、not only...but also、whether...or、as well as、both…and等連接的倆個或以上的短語或是簡單句，同時表示前後倆個短語或是句子之間的邏輯（因果、對比、條件、假設、目的等等）關系。
解析：
英語中由並列連詞連接倆個或多個短語在句子里做並列主語、並列謂語、並列賓語、並列表語、並列狀語等；或是由並列連詞連接簡單句構成並列句。常見的並列連詞有and、but、：not…but、while、or、or else, either…or、so、not only...but also、whether...or、as well as、both…and。
and表示前後成分是並列關系，表達的意思一致，積極的或是消極的；好的或是壞的。如：
She and I disagree about it . （並列主語）
關於這一點，我和她意見不同。
He saw you and me. （並列賓語）
他看見你和我了。
With this he got up and went out. （並列謂語）
他說著就站起來走出去了。
Everyone should keep discipline and you are no exception. （倆個並列句）
每個人都應該遵守紀律， 你也毫無例外。
If you can use a word correctly and effectively, you comprehend it. （並列狀語）
你如果能正確和有效地使用一個字， 你就了解它了。
not only...but also也表示前後的並列關系，表達意義一致。如：
Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學家而且還是名戰士。
Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party. （並列主語）
林先生和他兒子都加入了中國共產黨。
The quality difference of urban land is known not only in a city. but also between the cities. （並列狀語）
城鎮土地質量差異不僅存在於城鎮內部。
or表示前後選擇關系。如：
Are you against it or for it? （並列表語）
你對此事是反對呢還是贊成?
The world exists, whether you like it or not. （並列謂語）
不管你喜歡與否，這個世界照樣存在。
Work hard or you will fail the exam. （並列句子）
努力學習要不然你考試就會失敗。
either…or, neither…nor, not …nor等表示選擇關系。注意：他們連接主語時，謂語動詞也依據就近原則。
Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父親就是我兄弟要來。
Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒錯。
for，so表示因果關系。如：
I apologized to her , for I had wrongedher.我向她道歉了，因為我錯怪了她。
It was late, so we went home.天晚了, 所以我們就回家去了。
8. 求告知英語語法里並列結構的用法！
用and表示並列，一般要選用相同詞性的詞，最好詞語的個數也一致回。
可以考慮改答為 I must improve my skills of writing, reasoning and problem solving.
9. 英語中並列連詞連接的兩個並列結構，什麼是並列結構那，怎麼理解比較好
並列連來詞常見的有「and but or so」。
用自and 來舉例，and是「和」的意思，AandB就是「A和B」的意思。這里的A可以是一個單詞，可以是一個短語，也可以是一個句子，但不管A是什麼，B要和A是同一種形式。比如：
1.Lucy and Lily都是名詞，人名
2.sing and dance都是動詞
3.hungry and thirsty都是形容詞
4.sit down and have a rest都是動詞短語
5.I like red and you like blue.都是句子
A和B在結構上是一致的，這樣的結構就是並列結構