Ⅰ 關於英語語法——定語從句
一.定語從句及相關術語
1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。
2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞成為關系詞
關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有where, when,
why等。
關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
二.關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人時，相當於who或者whom；指物時，相當於which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year
rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We』ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often
talked about.
(6) We』ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. 「介詞+關系代詞」前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,
few等代詞或者數詞
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone
bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from
big cities.
四．關系副詞引導的定語從句
1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don』t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由「介詞+關系代詞」引導的從句替換
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know
what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was
born.
五．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
形式上不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開
意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除是對先行詞的補充說明，刪除後意思仍完整
譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，「…的…」通常翻譯成主句的並列句
關系詞的使用上A．做賓語時可省略 B。可用that
C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B。不用that
C。不用who代替whom
限制性定語從句舉例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could
depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定語從句舉例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more
powerful.
要注意區分以下幾個句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to
college.
他那當醫生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥）
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to
college.
他的哥哥是當醫生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）
難點分析
（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況
1．當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none,
little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the
world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of ty won』t do such a thing.
2. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he
owned.
當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the
meeting/
5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句
as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1．As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as
引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之後，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之後。另外，as有「正如……，正像……」的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don』t
believe.
注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary』s wedding.
她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
（三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don』t )
(五) 區分定語從句和同位語從句
1．定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位於從句
2．定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,
where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much
money. 定語
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
同位語
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
Ⅱ 英語語法中的定語從句的用法請講解下。
定語從句
（一）定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導
1、關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、關系副詞：when, where, why
關系代詞和關系副詞必須位於從句之首，主句先行詞之後，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關系代詞who在從句中作主語）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）
3、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法：1）當先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關系副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。
（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。
e.g. Tom』s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）
（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題
1、that與which的區別。
1）用that而不用 which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …；②先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數詞修飾；③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；④先行詞既有人又有物時。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什麼能阻止他不幹那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。
2）用which而不用 that的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句；②代表整個主句的意思；③介詞 + 關系代詞。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3）as引導定語從句時的用法
①as引導限制性定語從句通常用於the same … as, such … as結構中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend』s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國製造的。
②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之後，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3）as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區別
①當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn』t like at all.
2. 關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數還是用復數應由先行詞決定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can』t understand.
4. 引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以用「介詞 + which」來代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People』s Republic of China was founded.
5. 當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介詞在關系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
Ⅲ 高中英語語法之定語從句講解
定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定語從句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作「不及物動詞＋介詞」的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置
2. which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略
4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語
5. where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句
6. when引導定語從句表示時間
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間「time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當於所修飾成分的前置所有格
8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導
二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉後其他部分仍可成立
1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2. 在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當於in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出於某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
3. 有時as也可用作關系代詞
4. 在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
三、定語從句結構錯誤
1. 缺關系詞
2. 從句中缺成分
摘自《簡明英語語法》
在英文中，有兩種定語從句：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句。這兩種定語從句在其功能和形式方面都有明顯的區別：
限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與主句的關系很緊奏，對其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉，會影響句子意思的完整性；有時甚至於引起費解、誤解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
為了加速他們各自所在國家的經濟發展，熱帶雨林作為有價值的原木和其他資源正為人們所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影響其流經的附近地區的氣候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他們向我們解釋為什麼他們不喜歡我們的原因。
非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句在形式上就與主句很鬆散，它與主句之間有一個逗點"，"隔開；它對其先行詞沒有限定、修飾的作用，只起補充、說明的作用。有時也用它來對全句進行補充、說明。即使將其去掉，也不會影響句子意思。由於上述原因，非限定性定語從句在表達意思方面也有別於限定性定語從句。另外，非限定性定語從句在中文譯文里，我們往往將其作為一個分句處理，而不把它作定語翻譯。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞a sphere進行補充、說明。）
更早之前，巴比倫人曾試圖繪制世界地圖，但是他們把它繪製成平盤狀而不是托勒密所採用的球體狀。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an ecation and entertainment center .
（此句中，三個非限定性定語從句分別對三個先行詞：satellites ，computers和television進行補充、說明。如果去掉這三個非限定性定語從句，那麼句子可簡化為：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an ecation and entertainment center .）衛星能傳輸信息，計算機能儲存信息，電視能顯示信息，把這些手段結合起來可以使每個家庭都成為教育娛樂的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對全句進行補充、說明,將全句表達的意思看成"一件事情）。太陽給予大地熱，這就使植物的生長成為可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞son進行補充、說明。但本句所傳達的信息是："這位老人只有一個兒子" 。如果將此句改寫成限定性定語從句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一個在部隊工作的兒子。那麼，限定性定語從句就要對先行詞son進行限定、修飾。這樣一來，句子所傳達的信息就變成了："這位老人有一個兒子在部隊工作，還有其他的兒子在干別的工作"。）那位老人有一個兒子，他在部隊工作。
Ⅳ 英語語法 定語從句
看從句缺啥，缺主語賓語就用
關系代詞（拿不準叫啥？似乎是這名）缺
狀語就用關系副詞回
再看先答行詞。。。。挑選你需要的引導詞。。。。
who
指人
從句中做主語或賓語
that
人或物
主語或賓語
whom
人
賓語
我就不舉例啦。。。。
Ⅳ 英語語法之定語從句
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等。
18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3）which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語）
18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）when, where, why
關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關系副詞
that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
18.3 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯（註：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示 出。）
（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（對） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二： 准確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum片語，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。
關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。
說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
18.5 介詞+關系詞 P>
1）介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例題
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使後句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用於非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1） as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。
在本題中，prevent由於是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。
18.7 先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（錯）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從 句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 關系代詞that 的用法
1）不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
(錯) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞後不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。
d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.
e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。
舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
Ⅵ 英語語法 關於定語從句
1）先行詞是不定代詞或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時，
關系代詞通常只用回that，
不用which.
2）先行詞被序數詞、答
形容詞最高級、
the
only，
the
very，
the
last等修飾時，
關系代詞通常只用that，
不用which.
3）先行詞既有人又有物時，
關系代詞只用that，
不用which
4）
關系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語並帶有類比含義時，
通常只用that，
不用which.
5）
句中其他位置已出現which，
為避免重復，
不用which而用that引導限定性定語從句。
Ⅶ 高一英語語法 定語從句 講解 不要抄的
定語從句概要：
（這是有關定語從句的精要介紹，涵蓋了有關定語從句的各個方面，供參考：）
引導定語從句的關聯詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；關系副詞有when, where, why。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中都充當一定的句法成份。關系代詞在從句中充當動詞的賓語時一般可以省略。
關系代詞的選用比較復雜，受下列條件的制約：
(1) 要看先行詞是指人還是指物，
(2) 要看關系代詞在從句中句法功能，
(3) 要看定語從句是限定性的還是非限定性的。
在定語從句中充當的成分
↓ 用於限定性或非限定性從句 只用於限定性從句
指人 指物 指人或指物
主語 who which that
賓語 whom which that
謂語 whose whose (of which)
That 只能用在限定性定語從句中，而who, whom, which, which 既可用於限定性定語從句中，也可用於非限定性定語從句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says.
I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一個守信用的人。】
The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.
The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地向她打了招呼。】
The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.（在從句中充當動詞賓語的關系代詞，可以省略。）
The watch which was lost has been found.
The watch that was lost has been found. 【丟了的表找到了。】
Here is the material which you need. (註：現代美語中不允許這樣用)
Here is the material that you need.
Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在這兒了。】
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是聽你的話吧。
關系副詞的選用相對來說比較簡單，如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞，如time, day 等，則用when, 如先行詞為表示地點的名詞，如place, house, area 等等，則選用where。如果先行詞為reason 則選用why
I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.
I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.
我永遠也不會忘記我度過童年的那個小山村。
I don』t know the reason why he did that.
I don』t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他為什麼這么做。】
當先行詞是all, something, nothing 等不定代詞時，或者先行詞的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等詞修飾時，或者先行詞的前面有最高級修飾時，一般只用that 而不用which 來引導定語從句：
I have explained everything that I can to you.
I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已經盡一切可能把事情向你解釋得一清二楚。】
This is the most beautiful campus that I have ever been to.
This is the most beautiful campus I have ever been to. 【這是我見到的最美麗的校園。】
That』s all that I know.
That』s all I know. 【我知道的就是這些。】
Can you tell me something that you know?
Can you tell something you know? 【你能把你知道的一些情況告訴我嗎？】
There is nothing that I cannot tell you.
There is nothing I cannot tell you. 【我沒有什麼不能告訴你的事情。】
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
The first thing we should do is to work out a plan. 【我們應該做的頭一件事就是訂一個計劃。】
The last place that we visited was the farm.
The last place we visited was the farm. 【我們最後參觀的地方是農場。】
還有一種定語從句，它的結構是：the same ….. as…, such … as
這里的as 可以指人或物，這里的as 引導的是限定性定語從句：
Such furniture as is very popular is expensive. 一種很受歡迎的傢具價錢昂貴。
We have successfully done the same experiment as you did. 你做過的那個試驗我們已經成功地做完了。
It wasn』t such a computer as the advertisement had promised. 這種電腦可不是廣告中說的那種電腦。
限定性定語從句與主句關系密切，為句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，主句意思就不完整了。而非限定性定語從句與主句關系鬆散，如果去掉了，主句內容仍然完整。在書面語中非限定性定語從句一般補逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句一般不用that 引導。引導非限定性定語從句的關系詞不可省略。
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 他的講話沒完沒了，真讓人煩。
The general』s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
將軍的女兒名叫珍妮。她沖我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。
非限定性定語從句中，先行詞也可以是整個句子，一般用which 或as 來引導定語從句，which在從句中可充當主語、賓語等，as 在從句中一般只充當主語，which 與as 引導這類定語從句的區別在於：which 只能放在句子當中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比較靈活，可以放在句子當中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。
As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.
Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.
Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all. 【眾所周知，壓力太大了，人會得病的。】
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all. 【眾所周知，水是由氫和氧組成的。】
關系代詞在定語從句中有時也作介詞的賓語。如果介詞被置於關系代詞前，一般只用介詞加which 或介詞加whom，而不用介詞加that來引導定語從句。如果介詞被置於從句句末，則可以使用that來代替which或whom，這時的that可以省略。
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 這就是她花了一千美元買的那枚戒指。
One of my colleagues whom you are familiar with will come today.
One of my colleagues that you are familiar with will come today.
One of my colleagues you are familiar with will come today.
我的一個同事，就是你非常熟悉的那個人，今天要過來。
Ⅷ 英語語法定語從句
1.定語從句的定義：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。
2.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。
3.定語從句的位置：緊跟先行詞(名詞或代詞)之後。
4.引導詞：引導定語從句的詞(包括關系代詞和關系副詞)。
﹙1﹚關系代詞：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚關系副詞：when/where/why
5.引導詞的位置：位於定語從句之前(先行詞之後)。【as除外】
6.引導詞的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚連接先行詞和定語從句。
﹙2﹚在定語從句中充當一定的成分(關系代詞充當主語或賓語，關系副詞充當狀語)。
7.定語從句的類型：
﹙1﹚限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間無逗號)。
①
直接由引導詞引導定語從句
The
man
who
you』re
talking
to
is
my
friend.
②
由介詞+關系代詞(whom/which)引導
The
man
to
whom
you』re
talking
is
my
friend.
I
need
a
pen
with
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
=I
need
a
piece
of
paper
on
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
介詞的選用可根據從句中的相關片語確定，該介詞通常可以放在關系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：
The
man
(who/whom/that)
I
talked
about
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
=The
man
about
whom
I
talked
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
The
palace
(which/that)
I
often
pay
a
visit
to
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
=The
palace
to
which
I
often
pay
a
visit
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間用逗號隔開)。
①
直接由引導詞引導定語從句。
②
由介詞+關系代詞(whom/which)引導。
I
live
in
a
house
far
away
from
the
city，
in
front
of
which
is
a
big
tree.
There
is
an
apple
tree
standing
at
the
gate，
on
which
are
many
apples.
This
is
the
man
to
whom
I
gave
the
book.
③
由「代詞/名詞+of+whom/which」或「of
which/
whom
+名詞/代詞」(先行詞指
人用whom，指物用which)引導。One，
some，
any，
none，
all，
both，
several，
many，
most，
neither，
either等詞、數詞、分數或百分比與of
whom或of
which連用。
He
has
five
children，
two
of
whom
are
abroad.
(比較：He
has
five
children，
and
two
of
them
are
abroad.)
We
have
three
books，
none
of
which
is/are
interesting.
(比較：We
have
three
books，
but
none
of
them
is/are
interesting.)
除why和that不能引導非限定性定語從句外，其餘引導詞都可以，用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區別。
1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。
2.非限定性定語從句的作用：它只是補充說明先行詞的情況，翻譯時可譯成兩個句子。
The
engineer，
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt，
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位工程師被很快送往醫院，其腿部受了重傷)
The
engineer
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被很快送往醫院)
3.在非限定性定語從句中，任何引導詞都不能省略(包括引導詞在此定語從句中充當賓語在內)。指人做主語時只能用who，
做賓語時用whom；
指物做主語，賓語都用which；
關系副詞用when或where，也不能省略。
Ⅸ 英語語法 定語從句
這明顯是語法錯誤，書中例句是有問題的，因為從句完整，所以應該用關系副詞when
Ⅹ 英語語法，定語從句
不是省略先行詞 而是省略關系代詞，關系代詞在從句中作間接賓語，一般應該用介詞to/for加關系代詞表達 即相當於間接賓語。如果關系代詞前面有介詞，則關系代詞不能省略，如果介詞在定從末尾，則關系代詞可以省略。
如he is the man to whom I gave the book.
He is the man (who/whom）i gave the book to。