高中英語語法獨立主格的結構解析

① 英語獨立主格結構的詳解

獨立主格結構（Independent Genitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，後一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前後兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語，多用於書面語。 獨立主格結構本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。
非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語須與主句主語保持一致。若不一致，非謂語動詞形式須另帶主語，從而構成復合結構的形式作狀語。這種結構稱為「獨立結構」。其中，非謂語動詞主動用現在分詞，被動用過去分詞。 非謂語動詞及其短語前面帶有邏輯主語，邏輯主語的代詞又是主格，故常稱為「獨立主格」。「獨立結構」在句中起狀語作用，相當於狀語從句，表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨等情況。
編輯本段功能
獨立主格結構主要用於描繪性文字中，其作用相當於一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如：
表示時間
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會後我們都回家了。 Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她幹完了活，坐下來喝茶。
表示條件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。
表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有計程車，我們只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。
表示伴隨情況
Almost all metals are good conctors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。(=Almost all metals are good conctors, and silver is the best of all.)
編輯本段用法
獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當於一個狀語從句或並列句。
用作時間狀語
The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成後，我們就回家了。
用作條件狀語
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。
用作原因狀語
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因為明天要發表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
用作伴隨狀語
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦後。
表示補充說明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。 *註：獨立主格結構表示時間、條件或原因時，相當於一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補充說明時，相當於一個並列句，通常放於句末。
編輯本段形式
1>一般獨立主格形式:與主句邏輯關系鬆散
形式為: n. + -ed/-ing形式; n. + 不定式 ; n. + 介詞短語; n. + 形容詞; n. + 副詞. ;
名詞/主格代詞+現在分詞
名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間是主謂關系。 如： The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什麼好。 Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊遊。
名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞
名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是動賓關系。 如： The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質量已經提高了。 Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由於眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。
名詞/主格代詞+不定式
名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系，且強調的是一次具體性的動作。 如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 藉助於一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別後，一個回了家，一個去了書店。
名詞/主格代詞+形容詞
如： An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。
名詞/主格代詞+副詞
如： He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束，他們就都回家了。
名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語
如： The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手裡拿著書去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。 2>with 引導的獨立主格:與主句邏輯關系緊密 形式為: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. + 介詞短語 3>each引導的強調型獨立主格:強調句尾的復數名詞 形式為:句子 + 復數名詞結尾 , each + 介詞短語/形容詞短語/名詞短語/-ing形式/-ed形式 如: Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.（題源:《GMAT語法全解》白勇著，Page38） 4>其他形式
There being +名詞（代詞）
如： There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。
It being +名詞（代詞）
如： It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由於聖誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由於今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。
編輯本段特點
1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。 2）名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。 3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。 舉例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了，我們開始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成後，我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。 He came into the room,his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館 註：獨立主格結構有時可在其前加上介詞with。 如： Don』t sleep with the windows open.別開著窗睡覺。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。 She came in with a book in her hand. 她手裡拿著一本書走了進來。 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。 I won』t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。 He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整個下午他都鎖著門在房裡工作。 I can』t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無法出門了。
特殊
當獨立主格與主句主語不同時可有：eg:We walking through the garden,the flowers are beautiful.
1.獨立主格轉換成狀語從句，當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主格結構取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課後，學生很快離開了課室。 2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形：在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結構中的being（或having been）不能省略。 (1) 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天，我們去了做禮拜。 (2)在There being+名詞的結構中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。 3. 在「名詞（或代詞）+介詞短語」構成的獨立主格結構中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走進了課室，手裡拿著一本書。比較with的復合結構。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. 4. 獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了，我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復合結構。)
編輯本段示例
請看下面一道題： Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認為句中逗號後是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其後的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格後根本不是一個句子，因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其後要麼接賓語，要麼它就用於被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated 改為sitting，也應選擇A）。所以此題最佳答案選A。 請再看一個類似的例子： (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C.which D. that (2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that 第(1)應選B，而不能選C，是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第(2)應選C，該句是典型的非限制性定語從句，因為該句修飾的是前面的novels，即指物，所以只能用which做of的賓語，故本題選C。 再請看下面一例： (3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個並列連詞and，說明這是一個並列句，故應選B，則不能選C。 請做做以下三題(答案均為B)： (1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.（獨立主格結構） A. which B. them C. whom D. that (2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners. （非限制性定語從句） A. which B. whom C. who D. that (3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.（兩個句子） A. which B. them C. whom D. that

② 英語語法，獨立主格結構和獨立結構的區別是什麼，是一回事嗎

一.獨立成分
句子成分包括主謂表賓定狀補和獨立成分，但獨立成分不內作成分
獨立成分包括
1.感嘆語容aha!that
is
it!
2.呼語waiter,a
cup
of
tea,please.
3.插入語(句子的修飾語)包括:
陳述句the
boy,i
think,has
come
from
the
country.
獨立分詞speaking
of
the
football
match,our
teamwas
rather
disappointing.
獨立不定式to
be
frank,i
have
no
money
to
share.
獨立副詞（短語）life,in
my
opinion,is
nothing
but
adream.
二.獨立主格
①一般獨立主格：n+名詞/adj/adv/介詞短語/(分詞/不定式)
②邏輯緊密型獨立主格：with+n+名詞/adj/adv/介詞短語/(分詞/不定式)表原因或伴隨
③強調型獨立主格：each+n（單數）+名詞/adj/adv/介詞短語/(分詞/不定式)第一種結構的特殊形式
獨立成分類似插入語，實則可有可無
獨立主格本身無謂語而依附於主句謂語起狀語作用，放在句首或句尾來修飾整個主句

③ 高中英語語法問題，獨立主格結構

The exam to be held tomorrow,是動詞不定式的獨立主格結構

表示 一次性動作 將要發生
這與分詞的獨立主格結構 用法 和意思 不一樣
不定式「獨立主格結構」
在「邏輯主語+動詞不定式」結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構也可用一個從句或並列分句來表達。
1．動詞不定式用主動的形式
在獨立主格結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。
His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著准備飯菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）
——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去聽音樂會嗎？
——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time.對不起，有這多的作業要批，我真的抽不出時間。（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.）
The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹，花和草後，我們新建的學校將看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)

④ 高中英語 講講獨立主格結構是怎麼回事，最好舉例子

獨立主格結構（Independent Genitive）
獨立主格結構有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，後一部分是非謂語動詞或其他的一些詞。前後兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語，多用於書面語。
獨立主格結構本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。
獨立主格結構的功能
獨立主格結構主要用於描繪性文字中，其作用相當於一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如：
1) 表示時間
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會後我們都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她幹完了活，坐下來喝茶。
2） 表示條件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有計程車，我們只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。
4） 表示伴隨情況
Almost all metals are good conctors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。(=Almost all metals are good conctors, and silver is the best of all.)
常見的獨立主格結構有如下幾種：
1. 名詞/主格代詞+現在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間主謂關系。如：
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn」t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什麼好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊遊。
2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關系。如：
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質量已經提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn」t see the words on the blackboard. 由於眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。
3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系，且強調的是一次具體性的動作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 藉助於一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別後，一個回了家，一個去了書店。
4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。
5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束，他們就都回家了。
6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語。如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手裡拿著書去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。
7. There being +名詞（代詞）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。
8. It being +名詞（代詞）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由於聖誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由於今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。
獨立主格結構的特點：
1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2）名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。
3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。
舉例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考試結束了，我們開始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成後，我們才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館
註：獨立主格結構有時可在其前加上介詞with。
如：Don』t sleep with the windows open. 別開著窗睡覺。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手裡拿著一本書走了進來。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。
I won』t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房裡工作。
I can』t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。
使用獨立主格五點注意：
1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主格結構取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課後，學生很快離開了課室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結構中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天，我們去了做禮拜。
(2)在There being＋名詞的結構中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在「名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語」構成的獨立主格結構中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走進了課室，手裡拿著一本書。比較with的復合結構。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來主編來了，我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復合結構。)
獨立主格結構的用法
獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當於一個狀語從句或並列句。
1. 用作時間狀語：The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成後，我們就回家了。
2. 用作條件狀語：Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。
3. 用作原因狀語：An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因為明天要發表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 用作伴隨狀語：He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦後。
5.表示補充說明：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。
*註：獨立主格結構表示時間、條件或原因時，相當於一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補充說明時，相當於一個並列句，通常放於句末。
獨立主格結構妙題賞析
請看下面一道題：
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認為句中逗號後是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其後的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格後根本不是一個句子，因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其後要麼接賓語，要麼它就用於被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated 改為sitting，也應選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。
請再看一個類似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. this D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that
第(1)應選B，而不能選C，是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第(2)應選C，因為句中有謂語 were translatedC。
再請看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個並列連詞and，說明這是一個並列句，故應選B，則不能選C。
請做做以下三題(答案均為B)：
(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that

⑤ 英語語法，獨立主格結構和獨立結構的區別是什麼，是一

一.獨立成分
句子成分包括主謂表賓定狀補和獨立成分，但獨立成分不作成分
獨立成分包括
1.感嘆語Aha!That is it!
2.呼語Waiter,a cup of tea,please.
3.插入語(句子的修飾語)包括:
陳述句The boy,I think,has come from the country.
獨立分詞Speaking of the football match,our teamwas rather disappointing.
獨立不定式To be frank,I have no money to share.
獨立副詞（短語）Life,in my opinion,is nothing but adream.

二.獨立主格
①一般獨立主格：n+名詞/adj/adv/介詞短語/(分詞/不定式)
②邏輯緊密型獨立主格：with+n+名詞/adj/adv/介詞短語/(分詞/不定式)表原因或伴隨
③強調型獨立主格：each+n（單數）+名詞/adj/adv/介詞短語/(分詞/不定式)第一種結構的特殊形式
獨立成分類似插入語，實則可有可無
獨立主格本身無謂語而依附於主句謂語起狀語作用，放在句首或句尾來修飾整個主句

⑥ 英語語法問題 獨立主格結構 最好有詳細解釋

本題選C

翻譯：因為昨天天氣很好，我們出去散步了。

詳細解釋：

1.對獨立主格的理解。獨立主格的本質就是句子的狀語，可能是伴隨狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語等，其中以伴隨狀語比較常見。獨立主格的結構一般是這樣的：

【主謂賓/主系表，獨立主格】或者【獨立主格，主謂賓/主系表】

2.獨立主格的發展過程。

從上面兩個結構中可以看到，無論使用哪個結構，中間都使用了逗號。在英語中，逗號不能連接兩個主謂賓或主系表，那麼如果逗號前後都出現了動詞或者be動詞，就要做出下列結構的改變之一：

1）使用並列連詞做成並列句；

2）使用從句連詞做成從句；

3）不使用連詞，把其中一個動詞做成非謂語動詞。

獨立主格屬於第3）種情況中的一種。

一般來說，我們做非謂語動詞結構的句子，句子的謂語和非謂語動詞，都是句子主語所發出，就是非謂語動詞的主語，為了清晰描述，可以簡化成下面的圖：

it是being的邏輯主語。

3.不選其他三個選項的原因。

A選項使用 as 開頭，要求後面的句子主幹部分的主語也是as句的主語，這顯然是不對的；

B選項句意正確，但是做成了一個主系表的句子，使用逗號連接，在語法上錯誤，詳見上述第2點；

D選項使用了連詞for，for可以作為原因狀語從句的連詞，但是常規使用方法如下：

1）for句放在後半句。

2）for表示的原因，是推測某種情況時所依據的表象，但不一定是真正的原因或根本原因，例如：He cannot be in the office, for the door is locked.

⑦ 請大家幫忙 高中英語語法 給我講講獨立主格結構的意思及用法我還如下這么幾個問題 有勞了 謝謝謝謝謝謝謝

漢語都說不清楚，看你的問題好累。
where, when, which, who，whose,whom都可以引導非限制性定語從句內(只有that不可以）容
非限制性定語從句一般都應用逗號隔開，但這逗號不是唯一的標志，重要的是句子的意思和邏輯。
關系代詞who, whom,that ,which, whose在從句中分別充當主語、賓語、主賓語、主賓語和定語。
有不少定語從句中的關系代詞常用that不用which( 如先行詞為all, only，no，最高級，序數詞等修飾時). 關系代詞that, which如果在賓語從句中作賓語的話（which不是直接在介詞後,that不能用在介詞後）可以省略。
What不是關系代詞而是連詞，可以引導名詞性從句（包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句），作為疑問代詞可以提特殊疑問句，還可以是感嘆句（不是從句范圍了）。

⑧ 高中英語的獨立主格結構是什麼，如何辨別和運用

非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語須與主句主語保持一致。若不一致，非謂語動詞形式須另帶主語，從而構成復合結構的形式作狀語。這種結構稱為「獨立結構」。其中，非謂語動詞主動用現在分詞，被動用過去分詞。

⑨ 高中英語語法獨立主格結構的時態問題

當然可以來的！例如：源The signal having been given, the train started.(強調時間上有間隔）
又如：Her arm having been badly hurt, she had to go to the doctor.(強調傷在過去）
當然，需要注意的是，在邏輯主語+having been+done的結構中，having been可以省略。
所以以上兩句又可以改成：
The signal given, the train started.
Her arm badly hurt, she had to go to the doctor.

⑩ 請幫我詳細講解一下英語語法中的「獨立主格結構」

獨立主格結構有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，後一部分是非謂語動詞或其他的一些詞。前後兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結構在句中做狀語，多用於書面語。
獨立主格結構本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。
獨立主格結構的功能
獨立主格結構主要用於描繪性文字中，其作用相當於一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如：
1) 表示時間
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會後我們都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她幹完了活，坐下來喝茶。
2） 表示條件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有計程車，我們只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。
4） 表示伴隨情況
Almost all metals are good conctors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。(=Almost all metals are good conctors, and silver is the best of all.)
常見的獨立主格結構有如下幾種：
1. 名詞/主格代詞+現在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間主謂關系。如：
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn」t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什麼好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊遊。
2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關系。如：
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質量已經提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn」t see the words on the blackboard. 由於眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。
3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系，且強調的是一次具體性的動作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 藉助於一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別後，一個回了家，一個去了書店。
4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。
5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束，他們就都回家了。
6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語。如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手裡拿著書去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。
7. There being +名詞（代詞）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。
8. It being +名詞（代詞）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由於聖誕節的緣故，政府機關都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由於今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。
獨立主格結構的特點：
1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2）名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。
3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。
舉例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考試結束了，我們開始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成後，我們才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館
註：獨立主格結構有時可在其前加上介詞with。
如：Don』t sleep with the windows open. 別開著窗睡覺。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手裡拿著一本書走了進來。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。
I won』t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病，我無法去度假。
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房裡工作。
I can』t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。
使用獨立主格四點注意：
1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主格結構取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課後，學生很快離開了課室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結構中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天，我們去了做禮拜。
(2)在There being＋名詞的結構中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在「名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語」構成的獨立主格結構中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走進了課室，手裡拿著一本書。比較with的復合結構。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了，我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復合結構。)
獨立主格結構的用法
獨立主格結構主要表示謂語動詞發生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當於一個狀語從句或並列句。
1. 用作時間狀語：The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成後，我們就回家了。
2. 用作條件狀語：Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。
3. 用作原因狀語：An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因為明天要發表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 用作伴隨狀語：He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦後。
5.表示補充說明：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。
*註：獨立主格結構表示時間、條件或原因時，相當於一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補充說明時，相當於一個並列句，通常放於句末。
獨立主格結構妙題賞析
請看下面一道題：
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認為句中逗號後是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其後的名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格後根本不是一個句子，因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其後要麼接賓語，要麼它就用於被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated 改為sitting，也應選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。
請再看一個類似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. this D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that
第(1)應選B，而不能選C，是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第(2)應選D，因為句中有謂語 were translatedD。
再請看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個並列連詞and，說明這是一個並列句，故應選B，則不能選C。
請做做以下三題(答案均為B)：
(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that