⑴ 高中英語語法:定語從句
D。句子意思是:生活是一場長跑,我們通過與他人競跑去超越自我。we compete with others in a long race to go beyong ourselves.你平時版做題可以這樣掉轉語序思考。句權子中缺少了in,所以用where,life is like a long race where we compete with others = life is like a long race in which we compete with others.
⑵ 求高一英語定語從句語法詳解(書後面有的不要啊)
定語從句
定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。關系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。關系副詞有:when, where, why等。
1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3)which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
2 關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。1)when, where, why 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?2)that代替關系副詞 that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
3 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一: 用關系代詞,還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯(註:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。) (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。方法二: 准確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案:例1 D,例2 A例1變為肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變為肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關系代詞,所以應選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum片語,可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。
4 限制性和非限制性定語從句1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開,例如:This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人,我已經讀了三遍。3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數,例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽,這就叫做蒸發。
說明:關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句5 介詞+關系詞
1)介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。3) 某些在從句中充當時間,地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6 as, which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. he 答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使後句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案B。which可代替句子,用於非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A. thatB. whichC. as D. it答案B. as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:(1) as 引導的定語從句可置於句首,而which不可。(2) as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。 在本題中,prevent由於是行為動詞,所以正確選項應為B。As 的用法例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有'正如'。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。
7 先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anythingWhat you want has been sent here.Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who (錯)Who breaks the law will be punished. (錯)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. (對)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (對)Who robbed the bank is not clear.3) that 和 what 當that引導定語從句時 ,通常用作關系代詞,而引導名詞性從句時,是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從句, 用作連接代詞,作從句的具體成分,且不能省略。I think (that) you will like the stamps.What we need is more practice.
9 關系代詞that 的用法
1)不用that的情況a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。 (錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介詞後不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。b)在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時,只用that。 d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that。.e)先行詞既有人,又有物時。舉例: All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
⑶ 高中英語語法的定語從句具體語法
網路 奧風英語的 高考語法完全突破 中的 簡單句,並列句和復合句一講,看看就清楚,,裡面講地很透徹。
⑷ 高中英語定語從句講解
定語從句
定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分,定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。
一、 限定性定語從句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞,which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且,如果which在從句中作「不及物動詞+介詞」的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來的位置
2. which作賓語時,根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. 代表物時多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括all, anything, much等,這時的that常被省略
4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時,要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語
5. where是關系副詞,用來表示地點的定語從句
6. when引導定語從句表示時間
[注]值得一提的是,表示時間「time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導,有時不用任何關系代詞,當然也不用that引導
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是關系代詞,修飾名詞作定語,相當於所修飾成分的前置所有格
8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時,常用there is來引導
⑸ 高中英語語法定語從句
of表示範圍,常和最高級連用。among一般不和最高級連用。
本句定語從句還原即Tai Wan is the largest. of these islands
⑹ 求高中英語語法定語從句的詳解與練習
高中定語從句詳細講解
(一)定義及相關術語
1.定語從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之後。
2.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
3.關系詞:引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關系副詞有when, where, why等。
關系詞通常有下列三個作用:A、引導定語從句;B、代替先行詞;C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。例如:
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 該句中,who is shaking hands with my father是定語從句,修飾先行詞the man, 「who」是引導定語從句的關系詞,代替先行詞the man,在定語從句中作主語。
(二)關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我幫助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。
2.whom 指人,在定語從句中做賓語,常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要見的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已經來了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老師經常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。
注意:關系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替,也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3.Which指物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語,做賓語時常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數男孩所喜歡的運動。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 製造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜歡外國作家寫的書。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買的鋼筆。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。
4.That指人時,相當於who或whom;指物時,相當於which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來參觀這座城市的人數達一百萬。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒?
The person that /whom you introced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以後的季節是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。
5.Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個爸爸當醫生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經住在那幢屋頂已經倒塌了的房子里。
注意:指物時,常用下列結構來代替:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
⑺ 高一英語語法--定語從句
親,你主要就是弄不懂從句的引導詞。
根據語境及特殊的單詞。我們正試圖達到那內點,雙方都可容以坐下並談一下在那一點。
that引導從句時充當賓語或主語,而此從句不缺賓語,因此用where構成地點狀語從句。
2 引導詞問題。
第一個是that充當visit的賓語,後面從句缺少賓語。
第二關,that 充當at的地點狀語,從句中at 缺少成分。
第三個where就等於at which,which代指school.
⑻ 求高中英語語法中的從句部分,盡量講得詳細些的。
這個 三言兩語講不清
①【定語從句】
表特指:This「s the school that you visit
***********such和不定代詞版all,much,little,few都可以做先行詞
***********reason後面的連接詞用權why還是that/which【注意】
***********time後面的連接詞用when還是that【注意】
***********定語從句中缺狀語(情況)/reason後面跟why還是that
②非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句通常不能用that引導
非限制性定語從句不能用why引導
非限制性定語從句置於句首時,不能用which引導
非限制性定語從句由「介詞+關系代詞」引導時,其中的關系代詞不能用as
在非限制性定語從句中,指人的關系代詞作賓語時,只能用賓格whom; 不能用who替換,也不能省略
【注意積累思考感悟~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~順祝學習進步】
⑼ 高中英語語法中關於定語從句的詳細講解 和相應的練習題及講解
http://hi..com/suephon/blog/item/a4d212f0f5d3f6ada50f52f1.html
只有語法詳解,沒有習題。希望能對你有專所幫屬助!